301:
agriculture master plan are achieved. The e-agriculture strategy, and its alignment with other government plans, was intended to prevent e-agriculture projects and services from being implemented in isolation. It was developed by the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) with support from partners including the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) as a framework for countries in developing their national e-agriculture strategy/masterplan.
1415:- A Community of Practice was set up in 2007 to discuss and share lessons learned regarding the use of ICT to enhance sustainable agricultural development and food security, with over 6,000 members as of 2012, with membership coming from over 150 countries. Members include practitioners, policymakers, representatives of farmer organizations, researchers, and information and communication specialists involved in agriculture and rural development.
186:
149:
46:
agriculture. ICT includes devices, networks, mobiles, services and applications; these range from innovative
Internet-era technologies and sensors to other pre-existing aids such as fixed telephones, televisions, radios and satellites. Provisions of standards, norms, methodologies, and tools as well as development of individual and institutional capacities, and policy support are all key components of e-agriculture.
83:
393:
are the World Bank's e-sourcebook ICT in agriculture – connecting smallholder farmers to knowledge, networks and institutions (2011), ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013), ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013) and
Success stories on information and communication technologies for agriculture and rural development have documented many cases of use of ICT in agriculture.
163:, a complex herd management software, and specialized computers. Automatic milking eliminates the farmer from the actual milking process, allowing for more time for supervision of the farm and the herd. Farmers can also improve herd management by using the data gathered by the computer. By analyzing the effect of various
392:
Many ICT interventions have been developed and tested around the world, with varied degrees of success, to help agriculturists improve their livelihoods through increased agricultural productivity and incomes, and reduction in risks. Some useful resources for learning about e-agriculture in practice
49:
Many ICT in agriculture or e-agriculture interventions have been developed and tested around the world to help agriculturists improve their livelihoods through increased agricultural productivity and income, or by reducing risks. Some useful resources for learning about e-agriculture in practice are
232:
for easier identification, providing access to relevant data such as: bearer's location, name of breeder, origin of livestock, sex, and dates of movement. This program is the first of its kind in Asia, and is expected to increase the competitiveness of
Malaysian livestock industry in international
300:
E-agriculture
Strategy Guide provides a framework to holistically address the ICT opportunities and challenges for the agricultural sector in a more efficient manner while generating new revenue streams and improve the livelihoods of the rural community as well as ensure the goals of the national
45:
focused on improved information and communication processes. More specifically, e-agriculture involves the conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the rural domain, with a primary focus on
504:
FAO hosted the first e-agriculture workshop in June 2006, bringing together representatives of leading development organizations involved in agriculture. The meeting served to initiate development of an effective process to engage as wide a range of stakeholders involved in e-agriculture, and
176:
The use of mobile technologies as a tool of intervention in agriculture is becoming increasingly popular. Smartphone penetration enhances the multi-dimensional positive impact on sustainable poverty reduction and identify accessibility as the main challenge in harnessing the full potential
54:
farmers to knowledge, networks and institutions (2011), ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013), ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013) and
Success stories on information and communication technologies for agriculture and rural development have documented many cases of use of ICT in
459:) joined in a collaborative research project to look at bringing together livelihoods thinking with concepts from information and communication for development, in order to improve understanding of the role and importance of information and communication in support of rural livelihoods.
385:(WSIS). The "Tunis Agenda for the Information Society," published on 18 November 2005 and emphasizes the leading facilitating roles that UN agencies need to play in the implementation of the Geneva Plan of Action. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (
140:. Land is mapped digitally, and pertinent geodetic data such as topography and contours are combined with other statistical data for easier analysis of the soil. GIS is used in decision making such as what to plant and where to plant using historical data and sampling.
167:
on milk yield, farmers may adjust accordingly to obtain optimal milk yields. Since the data is available down to individual level, each cow may be tracked and examined, and the farmer may be alerted when there are unusual changes that could mean sickness or injuries.
177:(Silarszky et al., 2008) in agricultural space. The reach of smartphone even in rural areas extended the ICT services beyond simple voice or text messages. Several smartphone apps are available for agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry and farm machinery.
488:
The importance of ICT is also recognized in the 8th
Millennium Development Goal, with the target to "...make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications technologies (ICTs)" to the fight against poverty.
117:, for example, the solution to prevent an elephant bull from wandering into farms and destroying crops was to tag the elephant with a device that sends a text message when it crosses a geo-fence. Using the technology of
1421:- A USAID portal focused on the use of ICT to enhance agricultural development outcomes, which includes toolkits, papers, resources, and webinar recordings on a wide range of topics related to ICT and agriculture.
514:
501:(WSIS). The "Tunis Agenda for the Information Society", published on 18 November 2005, emphasizes the leading facilitating roles that UN agencies need to play in the implementation of the Geneva Plan of Action.
227:
The
Veterinary Department of Malaysia's Ministry of Agriculture introduced a livestock-tracking program in 2009 to track the estimated 80,000 cattle all across the country. Each cattle is tagged with the use of
106:. GPS receivers dropped in price over the years, making it more popular for civilian use. With the use of GPS, civilians can produce simple yet highly accurate digitized map without the help of a professional
404:(ITU) with support from partners including the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) as a framework for countries in developing their national e-agriculture strategy/masterplan.
529:, GIZ); International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists (IAALD); Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA); International Fund for Agricultural Development (
233:
markets by satisfying the regulatory requirements of importing countries like United States, Europe and Middle East. Tracking by RFID will also help producers meet the dietary standards by the
526:
534:
484:
Building knowledge partnerships to ensure that knowledge gaps are filled and a two-way flow of information allows knowledge to originate from all levels of the network and community.
439:
In 2008, the United
Nations referred to e-agriculture as "an emerging field", with the expectation that its scope would change and evolve as our understanding of the area grows.
240:
RFID tags have also been proposed as a means of monitoring animal health. One study involved using RFID to track drinking behavior in pigs as an indicator of overall health.
1000:
Roháček, Karel; Soukupová, Julie; Barták, Miloš (2008). "3 Chlorophyll fluorescence: A wonderful tool to study plant physiology and plant stress". In
Schoefs, Benoît (ed.).
1445:
813:
159:
systems are computer controlled stand alone systems that milk the dairy cattle without human labor. The complete automation of the milking process is controlled by an
359:, that provides guidance on emerging technologies and how it could be used to address some of the challenges in agriculture through documenting case studies.
1427:- A bimonthly magazine site and portal focused on the use of ICT in Agriculture in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific region with hundreds of articles.
1052:
498:
382:
218:
213:" on animals. The Canadian Cattle Identification Agency began using RFID tags as a replacement for barcode tags. Currently CCIA tags are used in
209:
can also be used for animal identification. The transponders are better known as PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tags, passive RFID, or "
1013:
401:
356:
297:
193:
RFID tags for animals represent one of the oldest uses of RFID. Originally meant for large ranches and rough terrain, since the outbreak of
389:) has been assigned the responsibility of organizing activities related to the action line under C.7 ICT Applications on E-Agriculture.
1455:
397:
352:
293:
407:
Some of the countries who are using the FAO-ITU E-agriculture Strategy Guide to develop their national e-agriculture strategy are
304:
Some of the countries who are using the FAO-ITU E-agriculture Strategy Guide to develop their national e-agriculture strategy are
884:
Maselyne, J.; Adriaens, I.; Huybrechts, T.; De Ketelaere, B.; Millet, S.; Vangeyte, J.; Van Nuffel, A.; Saeys, W. (11 May 2015).
937:
573:
1181:"World Bank's e-sourcebook ICT in agriculture – connecting smallholder farmers to knowledge, networks and institutions (2011)"
817:
627:"World Bank's e-sourcebook ICT in agriculture – connecting smallholder farmers to knowledge, networks and institutions (2011)"
839:
727:
448:
538:
133:
129:
348:. The guide provides a framework to engage a broader stakeholders in the development of national e-agriculture strategy.
1383:
584:
936:
Chaerle, Laury; Lenk, Sándor; Leinonen, Ilkka; Jones, Hamlyn G.; Van Der Straeten, Dominique; Buschmann, Claus (2009).
431:. The guide provides a framework to engage broader stakeholders in the development of national e-agriculture strategy.
509:. The e-Agriculture Community's Founding Partners include: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (
1331:"Livelihoods Approaches to Information and Communication in Support of Rural Poverty Elimination and Food Security"
210:
202:
1091:
886:"Measuring the drinking behaviour of individual pigs housed in group using radio frequency identification (RFID)"
91:
67:
595:
558:
1180:
626:
775:
466:
Building on existing systems, while encouraging integration of different technologies and information sharing
273:
42:
753:
1450:
568:
862:
478:
Building capacity, through provision of training packages and maintaining a choice of information sources
945:
578:
506:
497:
E-agriculture is one of the action lines identified in the declaration and plan of action (2003) of the
281:
198:
137:
1257:"Success stories on information and communication technologies for agriculture and rural development"
703:"Success stories on information and communication technologies for agriculture and rural development"
269:
224:
RFID tags are required for all cattle sold in Australia and in some states, sheep and goats as well.
121:
and GPS, the elephant can roam freely and the authorities are alerted whenever it is near the farm.
563:
237:
market. The program will also provide improvements in controlling disease outbreaks in livestock.
66:
technologies have numerous applications in agriculture. One major usage is the simplification of
1074:
982:
381:
E-agriculture is one of the action lines identified in the declaration and plan of action of the
160:
1307:
70:
camera systems; the use of wireless communications eliminates the need for the installation of
1066:
1019:
1009:
974:
966:
915:
907:
525:); Global Knowledge Partnership (GKP); Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (now called
156:
1056:
958:
897:
416:
313:
277:
185:
469:
Determining who should pay, through consensus and based on a thorough analysis of the costs
1043:
194:
801:
1355:
517:); FAO; Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technologies and Development (
148:
265:
1439:
1369:
1005:
472:
Ensuring equitable access to marginalised groups and those in the agricultural sector
71:
1078:
1330:
986:
261:
107:
51:
1231:
1206:
1039:"Imaging of the Blue, Green, and Red Fluorescence Emission of Plants: An Overview"
731:
677:
652:
481:
Using realistic technologies, that are suitable within the existing infrastructure
82:
1387:
420:
317:
206:
1232:"Information and communication technologies for sustainable agriculture (2013)"
678:"Information and communication technologies for sustainable agriculture (2013)"
1146:
1135:
1061:
1038:
902:
885:
590:
546:
341:
249:
99:
95:
1070:
1023:
970:
911:
17:
1157:
954:
412:
333:
309:
264:
technologies provide the data, in the most common case from a visible light
214:
103:
978:
962:
938:"Multi-sensor plant imaging: Towards the development of a stress-catalogue"
919:
475:
Promoting localised content, with decentralised and locally owned processes
248:
Online purchasing order of agri-inputs and agri-equipments is a subset of
329:
321:
63:
428:
345:
1168:
1037:
Buschmann, C.; Langsdorf, G.; Lichtenthaler, H.K. (1 November 2000).
542:
408:
337:
305:
164:
1281:
1256:
702:
1184:
630:
779:
510:
234:
184:
147:
114:
81:
541:(NAL); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (
530:
522:
518:
452:
424:
325:
229:
1412:
614:
1308:"Emerging Issues, Priorities and Commitments in e-Agriculture"
456:
396:
The FAO-ITU E-agriculture Strategy Guide was developed by the
386:
276:– demonstrated by Ning et al. 1995 in very early diagnosis of
118:
50:
the World Bank's e-sourcebook ICT in agriculture – connecting
1125:
Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
455:) and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (
443:
ICT in support of rural poverty elimination and food security
505:
resulted in the formation of the e-Agriculture Community, a
1424:
533:); International Centre for Communication for Development (
513:); Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development (
1430:
1418:
840:"Malaysia begins RFID-enabled livestock tracking program"
816:. Meat & Livestock Australia Limited. Archived from
451:(ODI), the UK Department for International Development (
527:
Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂĽr Internationale Zusammenarbeit
351:
The E-agriculture in Action series of publications, by
217:
and by United States farmers on a voluntary basis. The
31:
Information and communication technology in agriculture
1124:
1113:
1102:
931:
929:
136:, are extensively used in agriculture, especially in
366:
E-agriculture in Action: Blockchain for Agriculture
1147:
E-agriculture in Action: Blockchain for Agriculture
363:E-agriculture in Action: Big Data for Agriculture
1136:E-agriculture in Action: Big Data for Agriculture
778:. Wageningen UR. 20 February 2008. Archived from
1370:"WSIS: Tunis Agenda for the Information Society"
369:E-agriculture in Action: Drones for Agriculture
1158:E-agriculture in Action: Drones for Agriculture
144:Computer-controlled devices (automated systems)
8:
1207:"ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013)"
754:"Kenya Uses Text Messages To Track Elephant"
653:"ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013)"
1431:Bridging the Rural Digital Divide programme
1329:Robert Chapman; Tom Slaymaker; John Young.
1114:International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
814:"National Livestock Identification System"
521:); Global Forum on Agricultural Research (
1446:Information and communications technology
1183:. World Bank. 20 May 2015. Archived from
1060:
1053:Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
1002:Plant Cell Compartments - Selected Topics
901:
629:. World Bank. 20 May 2015. Archived from
221:is currently developing its own program.
1103:Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1051:(4). Institute of Experimental Botany (
802:USDA Bets the Farm on Animal ID Program
607:
499:World Summit on the Information Society
383:World Summit on the Information Society
1282:"FAO-ITU E-agriculture Strategy Guide"
462:The policy recommendations included:
402:International Telecommunication Union
172:Smartphone mobile apps in agriculture
7:
863:"RFID in Malaysia – Tracing the ROI"
615:e-Agriculture Community of Practice
861:Sebastian, Richard (7 June 2010).
189:Swiss cow ear with eartag and RFID
27:Agricultural and rural development
25:
398:Food and Agriculture Organization
1336:. Overseas Development Institute
288:FAO E-agriculture Strategy Guide
574:Community-supported agriculture
90:In agriculture, the use of the
78:Global Positioning System (GPS)
776:"EU-Project Automatic milking"
449:Overseas Development Institute
181:RFID for animal identification
130:Geographic information systems
125:Geographic information systems
1:
539:National Agricultural Library
197:, RFID has become crucial in
1092:E-agriculture Strategy Guide
756:. CBS News. 11 February 2009
730:. AgriCamera. Archived from
585:Computer-aided manufacturing
377:Recognition and application
1472:
1384:"Partners - E-Agriculture"
1425:ICTupdate online magazine
903:10.1017/s1751731115000774
728:"Wireless Camera Systems"
92:Global Positioning System
68:closed-circuit television
1456:Agricultural revolutions
842:. RFIDNews. 6 April 2009
596:Environmental monitoring
559:Agricultural cooperative
372:E-agriculture in Action
1169:E-agriculture in Action
1062:10.1023/a:1012440903014
274:plant health monitoring
152:DeLaval milking station
43:agricultural technology
1356:"WSIS: Plan of Action"
963:10.1002/biot.200800242
865:. Frost & Sullivan
569:Agricultural resources
282:fungal plant pathogens
190:
153:
87:
1413:www.e-agriculture.org
1008:: Research Signpost.
946:Biotechnology Journal
579:Computer-aided design
507:community of practice
199:animal identification
188:
151:
94:provides benefits in
85:
59:Wireless technologies
1306:Mangstl, A. (2008).
447:In August 2003, the
270:Fluorescence imaging
256:Sensing technologies
203:implantable RFID tag
782:on 20 February 2006
734:on 22 February 2013
564:Agricultural drones
1287:. FAO. 20 May 2016
1262:. FAO. 20 May 2015
1237:. FAO. 20 May 2015
1212:. FAO. 20 May 2015
708:. FAO. 20 May 2015
683:. FAO. 20 May 2015
658:. FAO. 20 May 2015
191:
161:agricultural robot
154:
88:
35:ICT in agriculture
1015:978-81-308-0104-9
820:on 20 August 2013
537:); United States
157:Automatic milking
138:precision farming
41:, is a subset of
37:), also known as
16:(Redirected from
1463:
1419:www.ictforag.com
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1386:. Archived from
1380:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1312:AgInfo Worldwide
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1187:on 20 March 2016
1177:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1064:
1034:
1028:
1027:
997:
991:
990:
942:
933:
924:
923:
905:
896:(9): 1557–1566.
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
810:
804:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
707:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
682:
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
657:
649:
643:
642:
640:
638:
633:on 20 March 2016
623:
617:
612:
417:Papua New Guinea
314:Papua New Guinea
278:herbicide injury
272:is also used in
21:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1436:
1435:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1390:on 1 April 2017
1382:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1044:Photosynthetica
1036:
1035:
1031:
1016:
999:
998:
994:
940:
935:
934:
927:
883:
882:
878:
868:
866:
860:
859:
855:
845:
843:
838:
837:
833:
823:
821:
812:
811:
807:
799:
795:
785:
783:
774:
773:
769:
759:
757:
752:
751:
747:
737:
735:
726:
725:
721:
711:
709:
705:
701:
700:
696:
686:
684:
680:
676:
675:
671:
661:
659:
655:
651:
650:
646:
636:
634:
625:
624:
620:
613:
609:
604:
555:
495:
445:
437:
379:
290:
258:
246:
230:RFID technology
201:management. An
195:mad-cow disease
183:
174:
146:
127:
80:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1408:
1407:External links
1405:
1402:
1401:
1375:
1361:
1347:
1321:
1298:
1273:
1248:
1223:
1198:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1029:
1014:
992:
925:
876:
853:
831:
805:
793:
767:
745:
719:
694:
669:
644:
618:
606:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
593:
588:
582:
576:
571:
566:
561:
554:
551:
494:
491:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
444:
441:
436:
433:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
289:
286:
280:and attack by
266:digital camera
257:
254:
245:
242:
182:
179:
173:
170:
145:
142:
126:
123:
79:
76:
72:coaxial cables
60:
57:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1468:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:E-agriculture
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1006:Kerala, India
1003:
996:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:: 1152–1167.
956:
952:
948:
947:
939:
932:
930:
926:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
877:
864:
857:
854:
841:
835:
832:
819:
815:
809:
806:
803:
797:
794:
781:
777:
771:
768:
755:
749:
746:
733:
729:
723:
720:
704:
698:
695:
679:
673:
670:
654:
648:
645:
632:
628:
622:
619:
616:
611:
608:
601:
597:
594:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
502:
500:
492:
490:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
464:
463:
460:
458:
454:
450:
442:
440:
434:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
394:
390:
388:
384:
376:
371:
368:
365:
362:
361:
360:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
299:
295:
287:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
251:
243:
241:
238:
236:
231:
225:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
187:
180:
178:
171:
169:
166:
162:
158:
150:
143:
141:
139:
135:
131:
124:
122:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
86:GPS receivers
84:
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
58:
56:
55:agriculture.
53:
47:
44:
40:
39:e-agriculture
36:
32:
19:
18:E-agriculture
1392:. Retrieved
1388:the original
1378:
1364:
1350:
1340:25 September
1338:. Retrieved
1324:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:the original
1175:
1164:
1153:
1142:
1131:
1120:
1109:
1098:
1087:
1055:): 483–491.
1048:
1042:
1032:
1001:
995:
950:
944:
893:
889:
879:
867:. Retrieved
856:
844:. Retrieved
834:
822:. Retrieved
818:the original
808:
796:
784:. Retrieved
780:the original
770:
758:. Retrieved
748:
736:. Retrieved
732:the original
722:
710:. Retrieved
697:
685:. Retrieved
672:
660:. Retrieved
647:
635:. Retrieved
631:the original
621:
610:
503:
496:
493:WSIS process
487:
461:
446:
438:
406:
395:
391:
380:
350:
303:
291:
262:image sensor
259:
247:
239:
226:
223:
192:
175:
165:animal feeds
155:
128:
112:
108:cartographer
89:
62:
48:
38:
34:
30:
29:
1394:13 February
824:3 September
421:Philippines
318:Philippines
207:transponder
96:geo-fencing
52:smallholder
1440:Categories
602:References
591:E-learning
547:World Bank
342:Tajikistan
250:E-commerce
244:E-commerce
100:map-making
1071:0300-3604
1024:299502085
971:1860-6768
955:Wiley-VCH
912:1751-7311
413:Sri Lanka
334:Indonesia
310:Sri Lanka
215:Wisconsin
104:surveying
1079:23909274
979:19557794
920:25959418
869:15 March
846:15 March
786:15 March
760:15 March
738:14 March
553:See also
400:and the
330:Cambodia
322:Pakistan
260:Various
64:Wireless
987:5462195
545:); the
435:History
429:Vanuatu
346:Armenia
1291:9 June
1266:9 June
1241:9 June
1216:9 June
1191:9 June
1077:
1069:
1022:
1012:
985:
977:
969:
918:
910:
890:Animal
712:9 June
687:9 June
662:9 June
637:9 June
543:UNDESA
409:Bhutan
338:Turkey
306:Bhutan
1334:(PDF)
1285:(PDF)
1260:(PDF)
1235:(PDF)
1210:(PDF)
1075:S2CID
983:S2CID
953:(8).
941:(PDF)
706:(PDF)
681:(PDF)
656:(PDF)
587:(CAM)
581:(CAD)
511:CGIAR
235:halal
211:chips
132:, or
115:Kenya
1396:2019
1342:2016
1318:(1).
1293:2016
1268:2016
1243:2016
1218:2016
1193:2016
1067:ISSN
1020:OCLC
1010:ISBN
975:PMID
967:ISSN
916:PMID
908:ISSN
871:2013
848:2013
826:2013
788:2013
762:2013
740:2013
714:2016
689:2016
664:2016
639:2016
535:IICD
531:IFAD
523:GFAR
519:GAID
453:DFID
427:and
425:Fiji
344:and
326:Fiji
292:The
219:USDA
102:and
1057:doi
959:doi
898:doi
515:CTA
457:FAO
387:FAO
357:ITU
353:FAO
298:ITU
294:FAO
205:or
134:GiS
119:SMS
113:In
1442::
1314:.
1310:.
1073:.
1065:.
1049:38
1047:.
1041:.
1018:.
1004:.
981:.
973:.
965:.
949:.
943:.
928:^
914:.
906:.
894:10
892:.
888:.
549:.
423:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
340:,
336:,
332:,
328:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
284:.
268:.
252:.
110:.
98:,
74:.
1398:.
1372:.
1358:.
1344:.
1316:1
1295:.
1270:.
1245:.
1220:.
1195:.
1081:.
1059::
1026:.
989:.
961::
951:4
922:.
900::
873:.
850:.
828:.
800:*
790:.
764:.
742:.
716:.
691:.
666:.
641:.
355:-
296:-
33:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
