2053:
44:
363:
681:
2279:
2291:
2121:
532:, a Provincial Temperance enforcer, shot and killed an illicit liquor trader. The pastor, a strongly zealous and articulate personality, was acquitted of manslaughter, but the resultant publicity, generally linked with a major professed aim of Drury's administration, served to call the aim of rigorous temperance enforcement into question in the minds of many Ontarians.
418:
611:
Ferguson described the
Commission as "claptrap political conspiracy", accused Drury and Raney of "political knavery", and the UFO as "intellectual and political freaks who were projected into prominence by accident and who grew out of garbage". This scuttled any attempts at reform and helped to contribute to their later downfall.
564:
his own plan (which generated great controversy). An Act that favoured Beck's view, through subsidizing up to 50% of construction costs in the rural power zone, was passed in 1921, which effectively tightened Hydro's control over public distributors and denied payments to private electricity producers.
563:
proposed a levy of $ 2 per 1 horsepower (0.75 kW) on all electricity generated in the province in order to subsidize up to 80% of construction costs on rural transmission lines (whenever there was an average of three customers per mile of line). Beck rejected the idea of a levy, but put forward
605:
We are of the opinion that no officer, Minister or otherwise, should have the power to grant rights over large areas of the public domain at will without regard to
Regulation; that power was never contemplated by the statutes; it does not at present exist, and should not be given to any individual.
610:
Despite the amount of evidence gathered about the improper administration of forest lands (including
Ferguson's self-professed arrogance in the matter) and the recommendations given as to how it should be improved, the industry and Ferguson launched a vigorous attack against the United Farmers.
555:
in line. At one point in 1922, Carmichael announced to the
Legislature that he was quitting his position as Commissioner because Hydro "was either inefficient or dishonest". He was forced to retract the allegation of dishonesty, and continued to be a Commissioner until the following year.
652:
The government under Drury tried to be a "people's government" rather than a "class government", but in so doing, alienated the base of its support, particularly farmers. In a series of erratic events, the UFO government clashed with the uncooperative UFO organization (led by
520:
observed that the only means of transportation where citizens could be free from search were "balloons and submarines". Another Act was passed which effectively prevented any movement of liquor within the
Province, but it was later held not to prohibit exports to the
676:
for his personal use. In fact, the device was an old scuttle which had been retrieved from storage and polished up. Drury never responded to the false claim, however, and it contributed to opposition claims of the government's extravagance.
619:
Many labour leaders distrusted a government dominated by farmers, feeling that they could not understand the problems of urban workers. Drury's failure to establish fair wage provisions in government contracts and his commitment to
1080:"ONTARIO ACQUIRES ELECTRIC INTERESTS; Province Takes Over Mackenzie Concerns, Valued at More Than $ 32,000,000. RAIL AND POWER PLANTS. All Electrical Development Now Passes to Public Ownership Under Hydro Board"
314:, continued the family farm and was a forward-looking farmer, who used new techniques and technologies. In 1882, he was president of the Agricultural and Arts Association of Ontario. He also served as
2336:
1645:
331:
507:, which prevented him from receiving an expected appointment to the Cabinet. He became House Leader for the Labour Party but found himself at odds with Attorney-General
586:
The Drury government investigated the administration of forest concessions granted under the previous Hearst administration, which had been directed by its minister
2341:
1958:
791:
in the 1960s, Drury wrote "the next government of Canada... should refuse to accept nuclear arms. The whole nuclear program of the United States is dangerous."
883:
593:
A particular issue with
Ferguson's previous actions was that he had sold timber limits to the Shevlin-Clarke Lumber Company (headed by fellow Conservative
2331:
548:
448:
1896:
720:
343:
129:
1627:
2356:
2346:
2061:
1653:
285:
1844:
578:
By battling with Beck and his plans for expansion of the province's hydro-electric system, Drury also alienated industrialists and many workers.
2326:
1603:
406:
174:
390:(MLAs) asked Drury to lead them. The UFOs 49 MLAs joined with 11 Labour members to form a coalition government. It was the first of a wave of
1248:
2109:
1851:
1124:
White, Randall (1995). "The
Province of Ontario Savings Office, 1922–1990: A Case Study in the Complexities of Ontario Political Culture".
787:
Drury remained interested in political matters. During the debate on whether or not Canada should install
American-operated nuclear-tipped
709:
575:'s report on the subject recommended it in 1921, and its affairs in general were the subject of the Gregory Commission appointed in 1922.
2361:
1410:
2228:
1816:
1756:
597:) for less than half the price they would have normally fetched, and the company later paid a fine of $ 1.5 million for breaching the
463:
387:
1586:
1463:
2041:
1951:
1824:
1791:
1764:
1688:
1207:
811:
632:
601:. This transaction, as well as others, were criticized in a subsequent inquiry by the Latchford-Riddell Commission, which reported:
704:
Drury retired from politics but later ran as a federal candidate. Unlike many other members of the UFO, he never joined either the
867:
477:
891:
815:
751:, a position which he held until 1959. A portrait of Drury is still displayed prominently at the local courthouse in Barrie.
732:
728:
724:
456:
347:
2366:
669:
379:
469:
It began the first major reforestation program in North
America, and initiated construction of the modern highway system.
2351:
2282:
1967:
1944:
1875:
736:
371:
261:
2125:
1855:
716:
661:
395:
391:
351:
110:
2163:
1264:
572:
544:
1983:
1918:
1888:
895:
434:
281:
241:
2138:
2102:
2069:
1441:
685:
590:, and passed an Act to provide for corrective measures with regard to permits that had been improperly issued.
514:
When police and liquor officials were authorized to search automobiles and private yachts for illegal liquor,
466:
was created, effectively a provincially-owned bank that was designed to lend money to farmers at a lower rate.
1437:
807:
705:
152:
90:
1734:
1649:
1552:
1534:
800:
503:
498:
399:
1883:
1079:
459:, together with various railway interests, thus making it the largest electric power system in the world.
2168:
1631:
1423:
1384:
1223:
1171:
1157:
1110:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1021:
1007:
1001:
987:
973:
959:
945:
931:
560:
559:
In 1920, responding to a campaign to have Hydro's rates made uniform, a
Legislature committee headed by
452:
327:
94:
1936:
1143:
1038:
917:
684:
Last surviving members of the UFO–Labour coalition government (1919–1923) in 1955. From left to right:
660:
The Drury government collapsed after it introduced bills in the Legislature that would have brought in
2321:
2316:
2208:
2193:
2183:
2153:
1991:
1352:
628:
594:
516:
319:
311:
288:
231:
2052:
276:(January 22, 1878 – February 17, 1968) was a farmer, politician and writer who served as the eighth
43:
2158:
2095:
1445:
668:
and Drury called an early election. The government was defeated when it ran for re-election in the
665:
494:
323:
300:
202:
2290:
638:
The government was opposed by all the major newspapers in the province, with the exception of the
362:
2023:
2003:
1971:
1269:
1087:
841:
568:
540:
529:
277:
59:
1859:
1783:
1820:
1797:
1787:
1760:
1684:
1244:
1203:
831:
654:
473:
1553:"Bill 179, 4th Session, 15th Legislature: The Ontario Election (Transferable Vote) Act, 1923"
1193:
2188:
1867:
1810:
1750:
1238:
859:
2253:
2178:
2009:
1928:
1840:
819:
587:
220:
122:
98:
719:
following the demise of his provincial government. He ran as a Progressive candidate in
680:
2294:
2258:
2233:
2203:
1812:
Politics of Development: Forests, Mines, and Hydro-Electric Power in Ontario, 1849–1941
1776:
1677:
1415:
1368:
438:
315:
164:
624:
that threatened the livelihood of industrial workers alienated urban workers further.
2310:
2035:
1997:
1468:
1199:
871:
836:
788:
766:
748:
522:
508:
367:
230:
Holy Cross St. Nektarios Greek Orthodox Church (formerly St. James Anglican Church),
1778:
Lost Initiatives: Canada's Forest Industries, Forest Policy, and Forest Conservation
1535:"Bill 178, 4th Session, 15th Legislature: The Proportional Representation Act, 1923"
1054:
An Act respecting the Filing of Claims against Certain Companies or their Properties
803:
erected a marker at Drury's gravesite, as part of its Premiers' Gravesites Program.
2218:
2213:
2148:
2143:
2075:
693:
673:
640:
430:
761:
1728:
1717:
1706:
480:, at that time relatively unknown researchers, as a result of their discovery of
398:. Drury was the first premier of Ontario to have been born in the province after
2243:
2198:
2029:
689:
383:
409:
in 1920, after John Featherstone Ford, the sitting UFO MLA, had stepped aside.
2248:
2223:
2120:
1841:
Ernest Charles Drury – Ontario Legislative Assembly parliamentary history
621:
304:
256:
1801:
547:, was given the responsibility of being the government representative on the
511:
over temperance by admitting, "I was an out-and-out wet in the Legislature."
2263:
1646:"EVENT – Ernest Charles Drury honoured through Premiers' Gravesites Program"
552:
2087:
672:, in part, due to false claims that Drury had used $ 100 to purchase a new
330:
member. He served from 1882 to 1890, the last two years as Ontario's first
417:
17:
1240:
Canada's Entrepreneurs: From the Fur Trade to the 1929 Stock Market Crash
644:, and, despite its attempt to broaden its base, was opposed by business.
606:
Such an arbitrary power subject to no control is obviously open to abuse.
442:
382:, which returned farmer candidates as the largest bloc in the provincial
80:
2238:
1354:
Reports of Commission appointed to inquire into hydro-electric railways
781:
481:
437:
benefits improved the support mechanisms for parents and children born
394:
governments that took power in several provinces and that founded the
1604:"Oro-Medonte's Drury family rooted in both local, provincial history"
773:
1683:. Ontario Historical Studies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1195:
Whisky and Ice: The Saga of Ben Kerr, Canada's Most Daring Rumrunner
918:
An Act respecting the Department of Agriculture and other Industries
366:
A group of mostly-black Canadians poses with Premier Drury and Sir
679:
416:
361:
1752:
Power at Cost: Ontario Hydro and Rural Electrification, 1911–1958
1572:"Free-trader, writer and farmer, former Premier E.C. Drury dies"
1505:
1503:
378:
Drury was a co-founder of the UFO in 1913 but did not run in the
657:
throughout Drury's term) which ultimately withdrew its support.
2091:
1940:
842:
J. O. L. Spracklin#Prohibition controversies and events of 1920
497:
measures, amidst mixed publicity. The newly-elected Labour MLA
425:
The Drury government had a significant impact on the Province:
739:
candidates by margins of 600, 200 and 800 votes respectively.
837:
William Raney#Close involvement with Ontario Temperance Act
1237:
Réal Bélanger; J. Andrew Ross; Andrew Smith, eds. (2011).
322:, in Simcoe County, for 13 years and was elected to the
299:
Drury was the grandson of Richard Drury, who arrived in
1708:
The Story of Simcoe County: Land of Holiday and History
1370:
General report of the Hydro-Electric Inquiry Commission
1719:
All for a Beaver Hat: A History of Early Simcoe County
2337:
Leaders of the United Farmers of Ontario/Progressives
1730:
Farmer Premier; Memoirs of the Honourable E. C. Drury
1243:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 388.
433:
for women, a mandatory weekly day of rest, broadened
429:
It introduced allowances for widows and children, a
2060:
1982:
747:In 1934, he was appointed sheriff and registrar of
255:
247:
237:
226:
208:
189:
184:
170:
158:
146:
128:
116:
104:
86:
76:
57:
34:
1775:
1676:
405:Drury was elected to the Legislative Assembly in
1587:SIMCOE NORTH, Ontario (1867 - ) election results
780:along with interviews with his descendants on a
354:, but was defeated by the Government candidate.
1172:The Banting and Best Medical Research Act, 1923
1039:The Rural Hydro-Electric Distribution Act, 1921
603:
1411:"Mixed Division on Timber Bill in Legislature"
1265:"First Time Carmichael Ever Withdrew Anything"
1111:The Agricultural Development Finance Act, 1921
1066:The Toronto Suburban Railway Company Act, 1922
832:James J. Morrison#Collapse of Drury government
2103:
1952:
1373:. Vol. I. Toronto: King's Printer. 1924.
551:, and specifically with keeping its chairman
493:The government was also a strict enforcer of
8:
1774:Gillis, R. Peter; Roach, Thomas R. (1986).
1509:
1424:The Shevlin-Clarke Timber License Act, 1922
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1060:The County of York Radial Railway Act, 1922
1033:
1031:
1008:The Children of Unmarried Parents Act, 1921
769:. He did not write his memoirs until 1966.
501:was immediately convicted of violating the
2110:
2096:
2088:
1959:
1945:
1937:
1902:
549:Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario
72:November 14, 1919 – July 16, 1923
42:
31:
1852:"Plaque: Honourable Ernest Charles Drury"
571:were significantly scaled back after the
142:February 16, 1920 – May 10, 1923
1919:Leader of the United Farmers of Ontario
1568:
1566:
1385:The Timber Cutting Privileges Act, 1922
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1132:(1). Ontario Historical Society: 21–44.
852:
2342:Members of the United Church of Canada
1521:
1494:
1482:
1464:"Lumber Company is Charged with Fraud"
1397:
765:and also wrote two local histories of
631:that resulted in Provincial Treasurer
627:The government was also harmed by the
451:saw greater expansion in the field of
1782:. Westport: Greenwood Press. p.
1591:History of Federal Ridings since 1867
960:The One Day's Rest in Seven Act, 1922
776:published a poem of Drury’s entitled
342:Drury was an Opposition candidate in
280:, from 1919 to 1923 as the head of a
7:
2032:(Provincial Secretary and Registrar)
974:The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1920
710:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
1224:The Liquor Transportation Act, 1920
810:, which was closed and replaced by
567:Hydro's plans for the promotion of
472:Drury also arranged for a grant to
388:Members of the Legislative Assembly
464:Province of Ontario Savings Office
307:, Warwickshire, England, in 1819.
25:
2332:Canadian political party founders
1628:"Canadian Peace Congress leaflet"
1446:"Report of the Timber Commission"
1158:The Highway Improvement Act, 1920
988:The Parents Maintenance Act, 1921
860:"E.C. Drury was his father's son"
812:Craig Kielburger Secondary School
2289:
2278:
2277:
2119:
2051:
1652:. March 24, 2011. Archived from
1357:. Toronto: King's Printer. 1921.
455:and in 1921, Hydro acquired the
1817:McGill-Queen's University Press
1757:McGill-Queen's University Press
892:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
816:E. C. Drury School for the Deaf
759:He wrote for magazines such as
386:. Not having a leader, the UFO
2357:United Farmers of Ontario MLAs
2347:Politicians from Simcoe County
1679:E. C. Drury: Agrarian Idealist
1472:. November 2, 1920. p. 5.
806:There was a secondary school,
725:1925 Canadian federal election
457:Toronto Electric Light Company
1:
2327:20th-century Canadian farmers
1675:Johnston, Charles M. (1986).
1593:, accessed February 14, 2008.
1421:, discussing the adoption of
2283:Category:Premiers of Ontario
1876:Ontario Agricultural College
1630:. March 1963. Archived from
1419:. March 27, 1922. p. 2.
1192:Claude William Hunt (1995).
372:Ontario Legislative Building
350:, which was held during the
262:Ontario Agricultural College
1856:Ontario Heritage Foundation
1144:The Reforestation Act, 1921
932:The Mother's Allowances Act
884:"Charles Alfred Drury, MPP"
778:An Ode to Freedom in Canada
717:Progressive Party of Canada
662:proportional representation
396:Progressive Party of Canada
352:Conscription Crisis of 1917
2383:
2362:Writers from Simcoe County
1749:Fleming, Keith R. (1992).
1452:. Toronto: King's Printer.
1002:The Legitimation Act, 1921
772:In June 2019, the city of
715:Drury was active with the
545:Minister without Portfolio
2272:
2134:
2049:
1984:United Farmers of Ontario
1925:
1916:
1910:
1905:
1889:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1722:. Toronto: Ryerson Press.
1442:Latchford, Francis Robert
818:is still in operation in
784:called Barrie Today.com.
282:United Farmers of Ontario
267:
242:United Farmers of Ontario
180:
135:
65:
53:
41:
1994:(Public Works, Highways)
1906:Party political offices
1438:Riddell, William Renwick
1063:, S.O. 1922, c. 34 and
1005:, S.O. 1921, c. 53 and
814:in 2012. The provincial
670:1923 provincial election
489:Temperance controversies
1585:Library of Parliament,
1510:Gillis & Roach 1986
808:E. C. Drury High School
706:Liberal Party of Canada
332:Minister of Agriculture
91:John Strathearn Hendrie
2044:(Treasurer of Ontario)
1884:"Ernest Charles Drury"
1868:"Ernest Charles Drury"
1809:Nelles, H. V. (2005).
1735:McClelland and Stewart
1650:Ontario Heritage Trust
1022:The Adoption Act, 1921
801:Ontario Heritage Trust
733:1930 federal elections
696:
608:
504:Ontario Temperance Act
435:workmen's compensation
422:
375:
153:John Featherstone Ford
123:George Howard Ferguson
1977:(1919–1923 coalition)
1899:, Archives of Ontario
1656:on December 22, 2015.
1057:, S.O. 1922, c. 33 ,
683:
573:Sutherland Commission
453:rural electrification
420:
365:
348:1917 wartime election
328:Ontario Liberal Party
95:Lionel Herbert Clarke
2367:Farmers from Ontario
1992:Frank Campbell Biggs
1576:, February 19, 1968.
946:The Minimum Wage Act
735:but was defeated by
629:Ontario Bond Scandal
595:James Arthur Mathieu
517:The Toronto Telegram
499:George Grant Halcrow
370:on the steps of the
312:Charles Alfred Drury
289:coalition government
274:Ernest Charles Drury
232:Springwater, Ontario
36:Ernest Charles Drury
2352:Premiers of Ontario
2127:Premiers of Ontario
2006:(without Portfolio)
2000:(Lands and Forests)
1512:, pp. 103–104.
1497:, pp. 389–391.
1427:, S.O. 1922, c. 20
1388:, S.O. 1922, c. 19
1227:, S.O. 1920, c. 80
1175:, S.O. 1923, c. 56
1161:, S.O. 1920, c. 20
1147:, S.O. 1921, c. 19
1114:, S.O. 1921, c. 31
1069:, S.O. 1922, c. 35
1042:, S.O. 1921, c. 21
1025:, S.O. 1921, c. 55
1011:, S.O. 1921, c. 54
991:, S.O. 1921, c. 52
977:, S.O. 1920, c. 43
963:, S.O. 1922, c. 93
949:, S.O. 1920, c. 87
935:, S.O. 1920, c. 89
898:on February 5, 2012
666:preferential ballot
569:interurban railways
441:, and standardized
324:Ontario Legislature
301:Crown Hill, Ontario
203:Crown Hill, Ontario
87:Lieutenant Governor
2038:(Attorney-General)
2024:Robert Henry Grant
2004:Dougall Carmichael
1270:The Morning Leader
1202:. pp. 59–60.
1091:. December 5, 1920
1088:The New York Times
921:, S.O. 1888, c. 8
870:July 20, 2012, at
697:
615:Other difficulties
561:John G. Lethbridge
541:Dougall Carmichael
530:J. O. L. Spracklin
528:In 1920, Reverend
423:
376:
358:Premier of Ontario
278:premier of Ontario
60:Premier of Ontario
27:Premier of Ontario
2304:
2303:
2085:
2084:
1935:
1934:
1926:Succeeded by
1559:. April 12, 1923.
1541:. April 12, 1923.
1342:, pp. 74–76.
1330:, pp. 63–64.
1306:, pp. 57–59.
1250:978-1-4426-4478-6
655:James J. Morrison
474:Frederick Banting
271:
270:
213:February 17, 1968
16:(Redirected from
2374:
2293:
2281:
2280:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2078:(Labour, Health)
2055:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1938:
1911:Preceded by
1903:
1897:E.C. Drury fonds
1893:
1879:
1863:
1858:. Archived from
1830:
1815:(2nd ed.).
1805:
1781:
1770:
1738:
1727:— (1966).
1723:
1716:— (1959).
1712:
1711:. Simcoe County.
1705:— (1955).
1694:
1682:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
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1594:
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1407:
1401:
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1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1273:. March 18, 1922
1261:
1255:
1254:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1189:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1154:
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1096:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1026:
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998:
992:
984:
978:
970:
964:
956:
950:
942:
936:
928:
922:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
894:. Archived from
880:
874:
866:, June 30, 2008
857:
743:Local government
599:Crown Timber Act
218:
216:
200:January 22, 1878
199:
197:
185:Personal details
161:
149:
140:
119:
107:
70:
46:
32:
21:
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2381:
2377:
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2375:
2373:
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2371:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2268:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2116:
2086:
2081:
2056:
2047:
2010:Manning Doherty
1978:
1965:
1931:
1929:Manning Doherty
1922:
1914:
1882:
1872:www.uoguelph.ca
1866:
1850:
1837:
1827:
1808:
1794:
1773:
1767:
1748:
1745:
1726:
1715:
1704:
1701:
1691:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1664:Further reading
1661:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1608:BarrieToday.com
1602:
1601:
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1571:
1564:
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2015:
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1860:the original
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1654:the original
1640:
1632:the original
1622:
1611:. Retrieved
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1304:Fleming 1992
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1292:Fleming 1992
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
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1093:. Retrieved
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902:December 17,
900:. Retrieved
896:the original
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786:
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771:
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737:Conservative
721:Simcoe North
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694:Walter Rollo
674:coal scuttle
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641:Toronto Star
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478:Charles Best
431:minimum wage
424:
413:Achievements
404:
377:
344:Simcoe North
341:
338:Early career
320:Oro Township
310:His father,
309:
298:
273:
272:
215:(1968-02-17)
171:Constituency
160:Succeeded by
137:
118:Succeeded by
67:
29:
2322:1968 deaths
2317:1878 births
2070:Harry Mills
2042:Peter Smith
2030:Harry Nixon
2026:(Education)
2017:E. C. Drury
1975:E. C. Drury
1733:. Toronto:
1557:archive.org
1539:archive.org
1522:Nelles 2005
1495:Nelles 2005
1483:Nelles 2005
1450:archive.org
1398:Nelles 2005
1277:October 19,
1198:. Toronto:
888:ontla.on.ca
795:Recognition
690:Harry Nixon
686:Harry Mills
633:Peter Smith
445:procedures.
384:legislature
148:Preceded by
130:Ontario MPP
106:Preceded by
2311:Categories
1923:1919–1924
1613:2020-04-05
1095:August 16,
848:References
700:Later life
622:free trade
495:temperance
305:Kenilworth
257:Alma mater
196:1878-01-22
18:E.C. Drury
2139:Macdonald
2020:(Premier)
1802:0084-9235
1669:Biography
762:Maclean's
553:Adam Beck
138:In office
68:In office
2254:McGuinty
2234:Peterson
2179:Ferguson
1444:(1922).
868:Archived
826:See also
755:Writings
443:adoption
374:in 1920.
81:George V
2219:Robarts
2209:Kennedy
2189:Hepburn
2164:Whitney
2072:(Mines)
1972:Premier
1968:Cabinet
1845:archive
782:website
723:in the
708:or the
482:insulin
346:in the
303:, from
77:Monarch
2244:Harris
2229:Miller
2194:Conant
2169:Hearst
2062:Labour
1823:
1800:
1790:
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1247:
1206:
774:Barrie
664:and a
407:Halton
326:as an
295:Family
286:Labour
248:Spouse
175:Halton
2259:Wynne
2224:Davis
2214:Frost
2199:Nixon
2184:Henry
2174:Drury
2154:Hardy
2149:Mowat
2144:Blake
1743:Other
1083:(PDF)
316:reeve
2264:Ford
2249:Eves
2204:Drew
2159:Ross
1913:none
1821:ISBN
1798:ISSN
1788:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1279:2013
1245:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1097:2013
904:2015
731:and
729:1926
692:and
476:and
462:The
209:Died
190:Born
58:8th
2239:Rae
1970:of
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318:of
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194:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
