1178:
365:"The most elaborate cruelty in the way of insolence and insult is unpunishable by the law when committed by the wife. The husband remains bound to support his torturer, who may publicly waylay and insult him, harass him at his work, procure his dismissal, libel him by postcards sent to his workshop, or to his club. If he be a rich man, he can get some tardy redress in the way of palliation; but he remains liable to divorce and expropriation at his wife's behest. Now the feminine noblesse can torture their slaves with impunity. If the husband retaliates, the magistrate's order promptly consigns him to gaol and the prisoners' lash."
599:
397:"The highest development of modern capitalism, as exemplified in the English-speaking countries, has placed man to all intents and purposes, legally under the heel of woman. So far as the relations of the sexes are concerned, it would be the task of Socialism to emancipate man from this position, if sex-equality be the goal aimed at. The first step on the road towards such equality would necessarily consist in the abolition of modern female privilege."
1197:
361:." In the volume, Bax draws on his extensive experience as a barrister to demonstrate the numerous ways in which the legal code favoured women to the detriment of men and boys. Chapters in the book include 'Matrimonial Privileges of Women', 'Non-Matrimonial Privileges of Women', 'The Actual Exercise of Women's Sex Privileges', and 'A Sex Noblesse'.
373:
since, according to him, feminism was failing to address inequities for both sexes evenly. According to Bax, the "anti-man crusades" of his day were responsible for anti-man laws being both preserved from the old legal canon, and for new laws being passed that were also anti-male and sexist. Bax
332:. His first major article on the subject was "Some Bourgeois Idols; Or Ideals, Reals, and Shams" (1886), in which he proposed that women were privileged under law at the expense of men. He was to continue writing articles on this topic for most of his life, published notably in
555:
As well as his contributions to philosophy, men's rights, and socialism, Bax published several in depth historical studies of individuals, and cultures. He records in his
Reminiscences that he always felt, from childhood on, the need of an intelligible doctrine of history.
386:, critiquing feminism. In it, he described chivalry as "the deprivation, the robbery from men of the most elementary personal rights in order to endow women with privileges at the expense of men."
289:
259:
In his youth Bax had an interest in music and could play the piano, and at the age of 21 (1875) he went to
Germany to study music. He visited there again in 1880 as Berlin correspondent of
1302:
1307:
393:
fuelled his interest in socialism, to which he turned for a potential solution to what he viewed as the exploitation of males by the capitalist system:
287:
In 1880 at the age of 26, Bax began studying philosophy in
Germany, beginning with Kant and Hegel. In 1883 he produced an English translation of Kant's
1312:
1267:
1257:
508:
Almost throughout his life, he saw economic conditions as ripe for socialism, but felt this progress was delayed by a lack of education of the
1317:
825:
Ernest
Belfort Bax (1854-1926), Socialist Writer, John Cresswell, in Friends of West Norwood Cemetery newsletter no. 31, Jan. 1998, pp. 11-13
378:
and elsewhere about
English laws partial to women against men, and women's privileged position before the law, and expressed his view that
44:
1297:
1292:
1272:
1137:
1032:
932:
907:
225:
and
Sabbatarianism in which he was brought up which he describes as having left "an enduringly unpleasant reminiscence behind it".
248:, which contributed to his dedication to rationalism. At the age of sixteen his interest in public affairs was awakened by the
101:
256:. His political ideas during this period amounted to a commonplace radicalism combined with aspirations to economic equality.
1277:
206:
1287:
865:
480:
237:
1282:
484:
495:
gained control of the League, he rejoined the SDF, and became the chief theoretician, and editor of the party paper
1262:
1202:
765:
The Last
Episode of the French Revolution: Being a History of Gracchus Babeuf and the Conspiracy of the Equals
178:
111:
948:
Bax, E. Belfort (April 1886), "Some bourgeois idols; or ideals, reals, and shams", in Bax, E. Belfort (ed.),
706:(1896 with Twentieth Century Press) with an unnamed Irish barrister, (republished in 1908 with New Age Press)
271:
in general. After studying for a period, his interest in Mill, Spencer and Bain yielded to the German greats
1213:
598:
358:
610:
1232:
329:
1252:
1247:
502:
1220:
1051:
497:
423:
419:
379:
325:
264:
525:
1173:
1133:
1110:
1085:
1028:
1010:
953:
928:
903:
873:
842:
390:
268:
249:
1208:
1182:
529:
517:
475:
354:
245:
142:
976:
561:
241:
209:. Bax's elder brother, barrister Alfred Ridley Bax, was father of the composer and writer
27:
English barrister, journalist, philosopher, men's rights advocate, socialist and historian
747:
711:
686:
678:
646:
626:
1104:
1079:
779:
727:
638:
895:
836:
787:
763:
755:
719:
702:
694:
662:
632:
488:
222:
198:
163:
91:
67:
1241:
795:
771:
618:
509:
415:
253:
233:
1164:
741:
513:
463:
370:
229:
228:
He was privately educated by tutors between the years 1864–1875, and influenced by
214:
1228:
735:
1056:
1006:
540:
536:
427:
342:
1169:
670:
654:
382:
would unfairly tip the balance of power to women. In 1913 he published a book,
43:
1000:
521:
407:
210:
202:
174:
170:
17:
1114:
1089:
1014:
877:
544:
492:
447:
443:
439:
411:
186:
182:
166:
115:
957:
846:
306:
The Roots of
Reality: Being Suggestions for a Philosophical Reconstruction
1191:
816:
Bax: A Composer and his time, Lewis
Foreman, Scolar Press, 1983, pp. 1, 9
459:
451:
1160:
455:
431:
950:
The religion of socialism: being essays in modern socialist criticism
470:
1187:
597:
276:
297:, which was published in 1885 for Bohn's Philosophical Library.
272:
1155:
442:
between the personal and the social, and also that between the
1130:
The
Victorian encounter with Marx: study of Ernest Belfort Bax
279:, and his philosophical interests remained with him for life.
952:, London: S. Sonnenschein, Lowrey & Co., pp. 25–26,
894:
Hill, Clive E. (2005), "Bax, Ernest Belfort (1854–1926)", in
602:
Inside cover of Legal Subjection of Men, first published 1896
543:, but by this point he was concentrating on his career as a
290:
Prolegomena, and Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science
148:
925:
The dictionary of twentieth-century British philosophers
838:
Reminiscences and reflexions of a mid and late Victorian
789:
Reminiscences and Reflexions of a mid and late Victorian
219:
Reminiscences and Reflexions of a Mid and Late Victorian
520:, but Kautsky had little time for what he saw as Bax's
483:, but grew disillusioned and in 1885 left to form the
406:
Bax was first introduced to socialism while studying
154:
151:
145:
121:
107:
97:
87:
75:
53:
34:
606:He wrote the following books on various subjects:
479:. On his return to England in 1882, he joined the
434:implications of socialism, he came to describe a "
1052:"Mr. Belfort Bax Replies to his Feminist Critics"
324:Bax was a passionate advocate for the social and
1156:Ernest Belfort Bax: Father of the Men's Movement
612:Jean-Paul Marat: A Historico-Biographical Sketch
197:Ernest Belfort Bax was born on 23 July 1854, in
628:A Short Account of the Commune of Paris of 1871
458:, keen to free workers from what he saw as the
328:, which he saw as lacking in comparison to the
973:Ernest Belfort Bax: collected essays, volume 1
902:, London New York: Routledge, pp. 36–37,
680:German Society at the Close of The Middle Ages
568:German Society at the Close of the Middle Ages
501:. He opposed the party's participation in the
1025:The legal subjection of men (classic reprint)
971:Bax, E. Belfort (2014). Wright, Peter (ed.).
572:The Social Side of the Reformation in Germany
8:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
900:Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century thought
505:, and eventually persuaded them to leave.
162:; 23 July 1854 – 26 November 1926) was an
42:
31:
584:The Last Episode of the French Revolution
300:Later philosophical works by Bax include
205:raincoat manufacturer and traditionalist
927:. Bristol, England: Thoemmes Continuum.
889:
887:
314:The Real, The Rational, and The Alogical
870:Ernest Belfort Bax: thinker and pioneer
809:
620:A Handbook of the History of Philosophy
872:. London: Hyndman Literary Committee.
860:
858:
856:
539:, Bax came to support the British in
295:Handbook to the History of Philosophy
7:
1303:Social Democratic Federation members
1179:Works by or about Ernest Belfort Bax
729:The Rise and Fall of the Anabaptists
721:Jean-Paul Marat: The People's Friend
688:A Short History of The Paris Commune
580:The Rise and Fall of the Anabaptists
1308:Socialist League (UK, 1885) members
975:. Collected Works. Houston, Texas:
450:. He saw this as a replacement for
648:The Story of The French Revolution
473:and worked as a journalist on the
25:
1050:Bax, E. Belfort (8 August 1908).
773:Problems of Men, Mind, and Morals
696:Socialism; Its Growth and Outcome
410:in Germany in 1879. He combined
1195:
749:Essays in Socialism, New and Old
559:Among his historical works are:
310:Problems of Men, Mind and Morals
221:(1918), he describes the narrow
213:and the playwright and essayist
141:
1313:20th-century English historians
1268:19th-century English historians
1258:British Socialist Party members
797:German Culture Past and Present
588:German Culture Past and Present
547:and did little political work.
503:Labour Representation Committee
319:
263:. It was then that he met with
201:, son of Daniel Bax, a wealthy
1109:. London: Grant Richards Ltd.
1084:. London: Grant Richards Ltd.
656:Outlooks From a New Standpoint
1:
438:" as a means to overcome the
1318:Translators of Immanuel Kant
737:A New Catechism of Socialism
699:, with William Morris (1894)
576:The Peasants' War in Germany
528:'s efforts to spread a more
481:Social Democratic Federation
1204:The Legal Subjection of Men
1194:(public domain audiobooks)
1188:Works by Ernest Belfort Bax
1170:Works by Ernest Belfort Bax
1027:. London: Forgotten Books.
1002:The legal subjection of men
713:The Peasants War in Germany
704:The Legal Subjection of Men
426:. Keen to explore possible
351:The Legal Subjection of Men
293:, and in 1884 he wrote his
267:and came into contact with
128:The Legal Subjection of Men
1334:
1298:People from Leamington Spa
999:Bax, E. Belfort (1908) .
631:, with Victor Dave &
353:whose title is a play on
41:
1293:Male critics of feminism
1273:English male journalists
1103:Bax, E. Belfort (1913).
1078:Bax, E. Belfort (1913).
1023:Bax, E. Belfort (2015).
841:. New York: T. Seltzer.
835:Bax, E. Belfort (1920).
1225:, full 1913 text online
1214:The Subjection of Women
1132:. London: I.B. Tauris.
672:The Ethics of Socialism
374:wrote many articles in
359:The Subjection of Women
923:Brown, Stuart (2005).
664:The Problem of Reality
603:
399:
367:
302:The Problem of Reality
1233:Spartacus Educational
1207:, 1908 antithesis of
1161:Archive of Bax's work
1128:Cowley, John (1993).
1106:The fraud of feminism
1081:The fraud of feminism
781:The Fraud of Feminism
640:Religion of Socialism
601:
564:: The People's Friend
436:religion of socialism
395:
384:The Fraud of Feminism
363:
330:legal rights of women
320:Men's rights advocacy
283:Studies in philosophy
252:, and by its sequel,
179:men's rights advocate
1278:English philosophers
757:The Roots of Reality
535:Initially very anti-
454:, and was a fervent
414:ideas with those of
1288:Freethought writers
424:Eduard von Hartmann
420:Arthur Schopenhauer
326:legal rights of men
265:Eduard von Hartmann
1283:English socialists
604:
526:Theodore Rothstein
452:organised religion
389:Bax's concern for
369:Bax was an active
349:In 1896, he wrote
137:Ernest Belfort Bax
70:, Warwickshire, UK
36:Ernest Belfort Bax
1222:Fraud of Feminism
1174:Project Gutenberg
1007:The New Age Press
269:German philosophy
250:Franco-German War
134:
133:
16:(Redirected from
1325:
1263:English atheists
1209:John Stuart Mill
1199:
1198:
1183:Internet Archive
1144:
1143:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1018:
996:
981:
980:
968:
962:
961:
945:
939:
938:
920:
914:
913:
891:
882:
881:
862:
851:
850:
832:
826:
823:
817:
814:
530:orthodox Marxism
524:, and supported
518:Eduard Bernstein
512:. Bax supported
485:Socialist League
476:Evening Standard
380:women's suffrage
355:John Stuart Mill
246:John Stuart Mill
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
124:
82:
79:26 November 1926
63:
61:
46:
32:
21:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1238:
1237:
1196:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1022:
998:
997:
984:
970:
969:
965:
947:
946:
942:
935:
922:
921:
917:
910:
896:Claeys, Gregory
893:
892:
885:
864:
863:
854:
834:
833:
829:
824:
820:
815:
811:
807:
596:
562:Jean-Paul Marat
553:
404:
357:'s 1869 essay "
340:, and later in
334:Social Democrat
322:
285:
242:Herbert Spencer
195:
144:
140:
122:
80:
71:
65:
59:
57:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1229:Article on Bax
1226:
1218:
1200:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1151:
1150:External links
1148:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1120:
1095:
1070:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1033:
982:
963:
940:
933:
915:
908:
883:
852:
827:
818:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
761:
753:
745:
733:
725:
717:
709:
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
644:
636:
633:William Morris
624:
616:
595:
592:
552:
549:
489:William Morris
403:
400:
391:men's equality
321:
318:
284:
281:
238:Alexander Bain
223:Evangelicanism
199:Leamington Spa
194:
191:
132:
131:
125:
119:
118:
109:
108:Known for
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
83:(aged 72)
77:
73:
72:
68:Leamington Spa
66:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
18:E. Belfort Bax
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1330:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1139:9781850436010
1135:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1071:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1036:
1034:9781330657508
1030:
1026:
1021:Reprinted as
1020:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
983:
978:
974:
967:
964:
959:
955:
951:
944:
941:
936:
934:9781843710967
930:
926:
919:
916:
911:
909:9780415244190
905:
901:
897:
890:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
861:
859:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
839:
831:
828:
822:
819:
813:
810:
804:
799:
798:
794:
791:
790:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
739:
738:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
714:
710:
707:
705:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
649:
645:
642:
641:
637:
634:
630:
629:
625:
622:
621:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
607:
600:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
563:
557:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:working class
506:
504:
500:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
469:Bax moved to
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:Immanuel Kant
413:
409:
401:
398:
394:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
372:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
291:
282:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:William Lecky
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:nonconformist
204:
200:
192:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
159:
138:
129:
126:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
78:
74:
69:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1165:Marxists.org
1129:
1123:
1105:
1098:
1080:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1055:
1045:
1024:
1001:
972:
966:
949:
943:
924:
918:
899:
869:
866:Arch, Robert
837:
830:
821:
812:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
756:
748:
742:Harry Quelch
736:
728:
720:
712:
703:
695:
687:
679:
671:
663:
655:
647:
639:
627:
619:
611:
605:
587:
586:(1911), and
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
558:
554:
534:
532:in the SDF.
514:Karl Kautsky
507:
496:
474:
468:
464:middle-class
435:
428:metaphysical
405:
396:
388:
383:
375:
371:antifeminist
368:
364:
350:
348:
341:
337:
333:
323:
313:
312:(1912), and
309:
305:
301:
299:
294:
288:
286:
261:The Standard
260:
258:
230:George Lewes
227:
218:
215:Clifford Bax
196:
136:
135:
127:
123:Notable work
112:Men's rights
81:(1926-11-26)
64:23 July 1854
48:Bax, c, 1880
29:
1253:1926 deaths
1248:1854 births
1057:The New Age
541:World War I
537:nationalist
376:The New Age
343:The New Age
254:the Commune
175:philosopher
88:Nationality
1242:Categories
1005:. London:
977:Zeta Press
805:References
522:utopianism
493:anarchists
408:philosophy
211:Arnold Bax
203:Mackintosh
171:journalist
98:Occupation
60:1854-07-23
1115:271179371
1090:271179371
1063:3 January
1015:875136389
878:942117666
551:Historian
545:barrister
491:. After
448:emotional
444:cognitive
440:dichotomy
412:socialist
402:Socialism
217:. In his
193:Biography
187:historian
183:socialist
167:barrister
116:Socialism
102:Barrister
1211:'s 1869
1192:LibriVox
868:(1927).
590:(1913).
582:(1903),
578:(1899),
574:(1894),
570:(1894),
566:(1879),
460:moralism
446:and the
316:(1920).
308:(1907),
304:(1892),
1181:at the
958:2342251
898:(ed.),
847:3645684
740:, with
498:Justice
462:of the
456:atheist
432:ethical
338:Justice
164:English
92:British
1136:
1113:
1088:
1031:
1013:
956:
931:
906:
876:
845:
800:(1915)
792:(1918)
784:(1913)
776:(1912)
768:(1911)
760:(1908)
752:(1906)
744:(1903)
732:(1900)
724:(1901)
716:(1899)
691:(1894)
683:(1894)
675:(1893)
667:(1893)
659:(1891)
651:(1890)
643:(1886)
635:(1886)
623:(1886)
615:(1882)
471:Berlin
336:, and
185:, and
130:(1896)
594:Works
516:over
487:with
277:Hegel
1134:ISBN
1111:OCLC
1086:OCLC
1065:2013
1029:ISBN
1011:OCLC
954:OCLC
929:ISBN
904:ISBN
874:OCLC
843:OCLC
430:and
422:and
275:and
273:Kant
244:and
76:Died
54:Born
1231:at
1190:at
1172:at
1163:on
1244::
1054:.
1009:.
985:^
886:^
855:^
466:.
418:,
346:.
240:,
236:,
232:,
189:.
181:,
177:,
173:,
169:,
114:,
1217:.
1142:.
1117:.
1092:.
1067:.
1037:.
1017:.
979:.
960:.
937:.
912:.
880:.
849:.
708:.
158:/
155:s
152:k
149:æ
146:b
143:/
139:(
62:)
58:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
