1029:#197 (June 1964). That issue began the "New Blackhawks", an attempt to modernize the team that included new uniforms. Chop-Chop got a uniform and his own aircraft (he had nearly always ridden with Blackhawk or one of the other team members prior to this time). Chop-Chop was treated and portrayed as a full member of the team from this point on but certain stereotypical factors were still in play. Like most Asian comic book heroes, he was now a martial arts expert. This was emphasized even more when the Blackhawks tried being super-powered heroes in issues #228 (January 1967) to #241 (Jun–Jul 1968). In that run of stories, Chop-Chop was known as "Dr. Hands".
820:, and were politically motivated. They were frequently pitted against White villains, representing the Black struggle against 'The Man': a catch-all phrase popularized during the Civil Rights Movement to represent the White power structure. However, as much as the blaxploitation era superheroes contrasted earlier racial caricatures of Blacks in comics, one attribute remained common—hypersexuality; many Blaxploitation heroes were still highly masculinized, reminiscent of the Mandingo stereotype, and were frequently seen sexually dominating White female characters. Examples of such blaxploitation characters include
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778:, argues that the need for comic strips to appeal to diverse national audiences in the US meant that the outright racial caricatures of minstrelsy did not translate to the comic strips with any commercial success. Instead artists and writers developed "de-raciate" Black stereotypes in the form of funny animal characters the first of which Felix the Cat owed his existence directly to the
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441:, some members of ethnic and racial communities have focused their attention on stereotypes within comics, and have begun lobbying to change them. This is accomplished in many ways, frequently by either writing new character of color or "trans-racializing" existing characters to become racial or ethnic minorities (e.g. the changing of
452:, and many writers advocate not just the inclusion of characters of color into predominantly White casts of characters, but that these minority characters defy the racial and ethnic stereotypes so prevalent in the history of comics, as well as maintaining the high standard of comic book writing. Daley Osiyemi, creator of
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said: "Many companies were still coloring Asians bright yellow... In the '40s and '50s, the character Chop Chop in the 'Blackhawks' had big buck teeth, a long pigtail and lots of cleavers. It wasn't until sometime in the '60s that he evolved into a short slim guy who was a jaundiced shade of orange".
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of Eisner's 1940s and 1950s character The Spirit. Eisner later admitted to consciously stereotyping the character, but said he tried to do so with "responsibility", and argued that "at the time humor consisted in our society of bad
English and physical difference in identity". The character developed
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avoided all the racial and ethnic stereotypes that had previously defined Chop-Chop's character except one. They put him back in the coolie outfit that the character had worn for a large part of his existence. This was a deliberate move so they could examine why Chop-Chop was not treated like a full
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appearance (for example, a long wispy moustache and yellow-tinted skin). They were often highly intelligent or in possession of a powerful, supernatural ability and generally occupied themselves with elaborate plans for world domination, although they were usually thwarted by the
American heroes of
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both published comic books featuring
Chinese villains physically resembling Fu Manchu and possessing the same personality, sexual ambiguity, and ambitions for world domination. Because neither publisher possessed a license for the Fu Manchu character, these early Chinese comic book villains were
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bringing civilization to the uneducated blacks. According to one reviewer, "the
Africans are portrayed as primitive, simple-minded folk". Hergé, 23 years old when he began the album, defended himself as being naïve instead of intentionally racist. Nevertheless, the album was not translated into
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In the next revival of the
Blackhawks (with issue #244, Jan–Feb 1976), Chop-Chop got a new name, Chopper, and was treated pretty much like all the other members of the team. He was no longer an ethnic caricature and the decades of his portrayal as one were simply ignored as if they had never
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Although both DC and Marvel have since declined to renew their license for the Fu Manchu character, Fu Manchu has made brief appearances in modern comics, As the result of Marvel Comics later losing the rights to the Fu Manchu name, his later appearances give him the real name of
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Nearly all Asian characters in mainstream
American comics are capable of martial arts, and for several Asian characters, this is their only skill or ability. An overwhelming number of Asian characters, particularly those of Japanese descent, are portrayed as masters of
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of Black faces. These features often included long unkempt hair, broad noses, enormous red-tinted lips, dark skin and ragged clothing reminiscent of those worn by Black slaves. These characters were also depicted as speaking accented
English. In the early 20th century
1191:(MI6), a top-secret British intelligence agency, where she became a high-ranking official, although she did this only in further pursuit of power for herself. As the result of Marvel Comics later losing the rights to the Fu Manchu, she is currently known as
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community found the character of Chop-Chop to be highly controversial and offensive. Addressing the disparity of Asian
American characters in the comic industry and the stereotypical images of early characters, noted Asian American comics writer
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In 1938, DC Comics obtained the license for Sax Rohmer's character, and subsequent titles featured Fu Manchu as a recurring villain. Marvel Comics obtained the rights for Fu Manchu in 1972, and he was notably introduced as the father of Marvel's
1187:'s sister, and a hypersexualized temptress with the power of hypnosis. Her loyalties lay only with her own ambitions, and she was willing to turn on anyone, including her own father, if it would benefit her. She eventually joined the
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feature by his former office manager-turned-journalist, Marilyn Mercer wrote: "Ebony never drew criticism from Negro groups (in fact, Eisner was commended by some for using him), perhaps because, although his speech pattern was early
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470:) devoted an entire issue to the literary and sociological representations of race and ethnicity in comics. The issue was guest edited by Derek Parker Royal, and it included essays on older graphic narratives (such as Jackie Ormes's
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and co-founder of Pulp
Theatre Entertainment said, "...we don't just want black characters or superheroes in comics as mere tokens, they have to be strong characters in their own right and have strong stories built around them".
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Many Asian characters were pitted against White
American protagonists in early American comics, capturing America's real-world frustrations and political distrust of foreign Asian powers. Symbolizing America's "phobia of the
1012:. His primary role seemed to be as the chef of the Blackhawk team. Strangely, Chop-Chop was also the only member of the Blackhawks who did not wear a Blackhawk uniform; instead, he wore traditional Chinese shirt and pants.
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member of the team in a story titled "What's the Matter with Chop-Chop?" (#265, December 1983). The story has the other Blackhawks examine their attitudes and feelings and, at the end, Wu Cheng gets respect and a uniform.
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Female Asian characters in comics are frequently depicted as hypersexualized, cold-blooded and untrustworthy, in a racial caricature frequently referred to as the dragon lady. This stereotype references the popular
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Nonetheless, for many years, comic book characters noticeably lacked racial and ethnic diversity. Diversity in comics first started during the 1940s but persisted during the decades. Comics writer and artist
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Critics of the portrayal of early Black characters note the frequency with which Black characters were shown as "savages", frequently shown with bones in their ears, noses, and hair, or depicted as
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Several early characters of Asian descent were introduced as the clumsy, foolish and bumbling sidekicks of White male superheroes. These characters were frequently caricatures of the Chinese
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540:
has written extensively on the plight of Arabs in the American mass media. He wrote that due to ignorance, fear, and political beliefs, Arabs are rarely portrayed as anything but
620:-style costume and was poor, and uneducated. Since the introduction of Lothar, black characters have received a variety of treatments in comics, and not all of them positive.
397:-oriented storylines and transitioned into the comic medium format. It began addressing important contemporary political issues. For example, some have suggested that the
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limited series explains the earlier stereotypical representations as a comic-book-within-a-comic-book and the Chop-Chop of that team expresses indignation toward them.
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beyond the stereotype as the series progressed, and Eisner also introduced black characters (such as the plain-speaking Detective Grey) who defied popular stereotypes.
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Early graphic art of all kinds often depicted Black characters in a stylized fashion, emphasizing certain physical features to form a recognizable racial
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as the inspiration for his mutant team of superheroes, and has translated many of the tensions of majority-minority race politics into the X-Men title.
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or as a convenient hostage for the villain of the day. Examples of such characters include the controversial Chop-Chop (aka Wu Cheng) of DC's
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437:—dammit, these characters weren't even allowed to be Jewish like their creators, let alone be black". Recognizing the influence of comics on
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Given the recent popularity of injecting characters of color into popular comic titles, a new concern has arisen regarding possible
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Prasso, Sheridan. The Asian Mystique: Dragon Ladies, Geisha Girls, & Our Fantasies of the Exotic Orient (2005 Public Affairs)
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1008:. Resembling other Chinese caricatures typical of the era, Chop-Chop was short with bright yellow skin, bucked teeth, and a
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In the 1970s, several African American heroes were created and paired with established white heroes as sidekicks and
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protagonists, nor overshadowing the active role of the evil Arabs in the book. Examples include Marvel's Fasaud,
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captures an Arab who is attempting to drive American oil companies out by launching a terrorist campaign.
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In the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, several African-American heroes were created in the vein of
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An early black character to be incorporated into a syndicated comic strip was Lothar, who appeared in
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2013:
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either unnamed or had a different name than Fu Manchu. Examples include DC's Red Dragon and Marvel's
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their time. While usually serious threats, one somewhat humorous Yellow Peril villain was DC's
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humor of a strip named "Sambo and His Funny Noises". Other examples of such characters include
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attitudes of their writers and readers. In America, early comics consisted primarily of short,
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Zimmerman, Carla B. "From Chop-Chop to Wu Cheng: The Evolution of the Chinese Character in
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said "...when you look at the shelves and see half the titles on sale are characters like
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The Asian Mystique: Dragon Ladies, Geisha Girls, and Our Fantasies of the Exotic Orient
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English until 1991—more than 50 years after its initial release—due to those concerns.
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movement. These (predominantly male) heroes were often martial artists, came from the
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character and title evolved as a vehicle to communicate pro-American attitudes during
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637:, these kinds of representations were seen frequently in newspaper comic strips and
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1179:. Fah Lo Suee's name meant "Sweet Perfume", and she was Fu Manchu's daughter. In
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published a series of novels focusing on the wildly popular Chinese villain, Dr.
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1109:. Frequently, martial arts masters are associated with Asian religions, such as
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1993:
1397:"Afros, Icons, and Spandex: A Brief History of the African American Superhero"
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comic strips printed in newspapers. In the 1930s, comics evolved into longer,
1879:
Prasso, Sheridan (2006). "Hollywood, Burbank, and the Resulting Imaginings".
524:
illustrated the cover, and the issue included an interview with him as well.
468:
The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
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We don't just want black characters or superheroes in comics as mere tokens.
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812:-era movie protagonists, and seemed to be a direct response to the notable
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in the 1930s. He was Mandrake's sidekick: the circus strongman, who wore a
749:, first serialized beginning in 1930, presented the typical colonial view
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883:, a giant Communist egg with facial features and a prehensile moustache.
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683:
502:
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deal primarily with USA (one short Belgian entry) and do not represent a
1855:"Why Shang-Chi's Sister Had to Change for the Marvel Cinematic Universe"
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2141:
1631:
1070:
750:
541:
357: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2555:
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1904:
Restrictive Portrayals of Asians in the Media and How to Balance Them
1822:
Restrictive Portrayals of Asians in the Media and How to Balance Them
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319:) have evolved over time, reflecting the changing political climate.
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870:", these characters were frequently of foreign nationality (usually
679:
is sometimes criticized for his depiction of Ebony White, the young
195:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1606:"'Black Skins' and White Masks: Comic books and the secret of race"
988:
Chop-Chop was the youngest member of the Blackhawk team created by
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2256:
406:
1396:
1371:
Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America
1249:"Reading Wonder Woman’s Body: Mythologies of Gender & Nation
1114:
3349:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
2024:
326:
222:
160:
58:
17:
1142:, and was later popularized in film by roles such as that of
1923:"Blogging Marvel's Master of Kung Fu, Part Ten – Black Gate"
1662:
The Deathly Embrace: Orientalism and Asian American Identity
1477:
Mercer, Marilyn, "The Only Real Middle-Class Crimefighter",
500:), as well as various comic book series (Dwayne McDuffie's
1420:
1418:
960:, appearing short in stature, sporting bucked teeth and a
2020:
1726:"Benson Unleashes Shang-Chi's "Deadly Hands of Kung Fu""
1033:
happened. It took a third revival of the title in 1982 (
1883:(Illustrated ed.). PublicAffairs. pp. 77–83.
247:
184:
1585:
Fanzing 32, March 2001: Black Power or Blaxploitation?
1113:, and a common archetype is that of the elderly, wise
938:, usually referred to merely as 'The Doctor' (as in
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1953:
The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1299:
1297:
1152:, where she played Princess Ling Moy, daughter of
3364:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
1503:"Tintin: Heroic Boy Reporter or Sinister Racist?"
1573:. (Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press 2002)
3163:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
1136:who first appeared in the vintage comic strip,
536:, professor emeritus of mass communications at
3354:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
3242:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
743:received much criticism for his first comics.
385:Throughout history, comics have reflected the
2036:
1675:"Don Markstein's Toonopedia: The Yellow Claw"
713:hero, and color didn't really come into it".
236:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1571:Comic Strips and Consumer Culture, 1890-1945
1037:#251) to finally address that issue. Writer
899:. Attempting to capitalize on this success,
776:Comic Strips and Consumer Culture, 1890–1945
2004:, Oddball Comics #1148, February 25, 2007.
1025:The event to which Hama refers occurred in
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3402:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
3290:
3200:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
3063:
2761:
2468:
2277:
2043:
2029:
2021:
1848:
1846:
1700:"Shang-Chi Creator Doesn't Want Fu Manchu"
968:English. These characters often served as
3397:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
3311:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
373:Learn how and when to remove this message
292:Learn how and when to remove this message
274:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
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3359:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
1338:Shaheen, Jack (November–December 1991).
1664:, (University of Minnesota Press, 2000)
1543:
1541:
1266:, copyright 2004 Blackwell Publishing).
1240:
1175:'s series of pulp novels featuring Dr.
1437:from the original on 18 September 2008
3217:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
1989:Sax Rohmer and Fu Manchu - the comics
1949:"Fah Lo Suee (Daughter of Fu Manchu)"
7:
3168:Comics solicited but never published
596:As far back as 1953, in an issue of
355:adding citations to reliable sources
87:adding citations to reliable sources
3488:
3316:Australian Cartoonists' Association
3306:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
1224:List of Native American superheroes
976:team and Wing-How, sidekick of the
1403:from the original on 16 March 2004
891:In the early 20th century, author
14:
945:League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
33:This article has multiple issues.
3487:
3478:
3477:
3466:
3454:
3417:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
3331:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
3232:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
1304:Redington, James (26 May 2006).
1146:'s title character in the film,
331:
227:
165:
63:
22:
3247:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
1509:. New York City. Archived from
1425:Dotinga, Randy (19 July 2003).
1395:Hogan, Eric (5 February 2004).
480:), more recent graphic novels (
342:needs additional citations for
323:Sociopolitical impact of comics
74:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
3519:Depictions of people in comics
3321:Comic Art Professional Society
2061:Glossary of comics terminology
1549:Tintin: The Complete Companion
1535:. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
1501:Cendrowicz, Leo (4 May 2010).
1376:Johns Hopkins University Press
1264:The Journal of Popular Culture
1260:The Journal of Popular Culture
462:In 2007 the scholarly journal
445:'s race from White to Asian).
98:"Ethnic stereotypes in comics"
1:
3514:Ethnic and racial stereotypes
3412:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
1195:and his father is now called
3326:National Cartoonists Society
3115:Based on television programs
2017:#48, May 2005, pp. 7–25
1853:Cronin, Brian (2021-09-25).
723:African characters in comics
538:Southern Illinois University
305:Ethnic stereotypes in comics
3257:Words & Pictures Museum
1799:SFGate.com (June 1, 2006):
1788:Ethnic Images in the Comics
1756:www.internationalhero.co.uk
1533:Amazon.com Editorial Review
1487:), Jan. 9, 1966; reprinted
1193:Zheng Bao Yu / Cursed Lotus
1189:Secret Intelligence Service
1134:villainess of the same name
1093:, and as Kwannon herself),
598:John Wayne Adventure Comics
514:, and Los Bros Hernandez's
250:, discuss the issue on the
191:the claims made and adding
3535:
3301:Academy of Comic Book Arts
3273:Center for Cartoon Studies
3195:Belgian Comic Strip Center
1427:"Coloring the Comic Books"
1214:List of Latino superheroes
1124:
801:
720:
3449:
3407:Club des bandes dessinées
3141:Best-selling comic series
2719:Portrayal of black people
2058:
1368:Wright, Bradford (2001).
1306:"Black couples in comics"
1219:List of Asian superheroes
1209:List of black superheroes
804:List of black superheroes
413:has frequently cited the
315:minorities in mainstream
1648:LookSmart's FindArticles
1399:. Comic Book Resources.
874:) and often possessed a
753:had about the people in
3212:British Cartoon Archive
3205:National Cartoon Museum
2011:Will Eisner interview,
1611:African American Review
1590:March 17, 2008, at the
1551:. London: John Murray.
1484:New York Herald Tribune
1458:.com (Sept. 19, 2003):
693:New York Herald Tribune
496:, and Mark Kalesniko's
307:(the representation of
3422:Finnish Comics Society
3379:Svenska Serieakademien
3369:Comics Studies Society
3237:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
2741:Women in Refrigerators
2736:The Hawkeye Initiative
2374:Female comics creators
1840:Prasso, Sheridan, 2005
1594:Accessed 29 June 2006.
1547:Farr, Michael (2001).
1346:. AMEU. Archived from
1149:Daughter of the Dragon
790:who was biracial, and
3158:Comic books on CD/DVD
2408:Comics historiography
1604:Singer, Marc (2002).
1460:Will Eisner interview
1340:"The Comic Book Arab"
1277:"Superhero Diversity"
1139:Terry and the Pirates
1125:Further information:
924:, protagonist of the
876:stereotypically Asian
614:Mandrake the Magician
415:Civil Rights Movement
3374:Sequart Organization
3120:Based on video games
2702:Gender and webcomics
2267:Publishing companies
1481:(Sunday supplement,
1281:www.qualitycomix.com
1081:, Psylocke (both as
1015:Many members of the
661:'s valet Steamboat.
624:Physical caricatures
351:improve this article
256:create a new article
248:improve this article
83:improve this article
3432:The Hero Initiative
2712:American mainstream
2514:Comics in education
2117:Comic strip formats
2006:Archive.org archive
1171:was a character in
1069:or the ways of the
1060:Martial arts master
746:Tintin in the Congo
735:Tintin in the Congo
580:and from DC comics
532:On the other hand,
494:The Jew of New York
3473:Cartoon portal
3227:The Cartoon Museum
3222:Cartoon Art Museum
2946:France and Belgium
2731:Portrayal of women
2724:African characters
2692:Ethnic stereotypes
1909:2006-08-06 at the
1827:2006-08-06 at the
1679:www.toonopedia.com
1583:Griffin, Rupert.
1465:2011-03-10 at the
1310:comicsbulletin.com
1254:2006-05-14 at the
1183:, Fah Lo Suee was
798:Blaxploitation era
709:, with a touch of
639:political cartoons
176:possibly contains
3501:
3500:
3461:Comics portal
3445:
3444:
3278:The Kubert School
3181:
3180:
3053:
3052:
2751:
2750:
2676:Widescreen comics
2519:Comics journalism
2389:
2388:
2181:Political cartoon
2122:Daily comic strip
1971:Sources consulted
1890:978-1-58648-394-4
1786:Comic Books", in
1557:978-0-7195-5522-0
1531:Horiuchi, David.
927:Master of Kung Fu
814:Black Nationalist
522:Gilbert Hernandez
476:and Miné Okubo's
423:Kev F. Sutherland
383:
382:
375:
302:
301:
294:
284:
283:
276:
258:, as appropriate.
221:
220:
213:
178:original research
159:
158:
151:
133:
56:
3526:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3459:
3458:
3437:Xeric Foundation
3291:
3105:Based on fiction
3064:
2838:China and Taiwan
2762:
2561:Graphic medicine
2504:Autobiographical
2469:
2447:Japanese (manga)
2353:Japanese (manga)
2278:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2000:All-Negro Comics
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1945:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1919:
1913:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1791:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1638:on 21 March 2005
1634:. Archived from
1601:
1595:
1581:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1545:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1498:
1492:
1475:
1469:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1392:
1386:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1312:. Archived from
1301:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1273:
1267:
1245:
757:, including the
681:African American
517:Love and Rockets
498:Mail Order Bride
466:(publication of
378:
371:
367:
364:
358:
335:
327:
297:
290:
279:
272:
268:
265:
259:
231:
230:
223:
216:
209:
205:
202:
196:
193:inline citations
169:
168:
161:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
3534:
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3529:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3465:
3453:
3441:
3427:Friends of Lulu
3389:
3383:
3341:
3335:
3282:
3261:
3187:
3186:Collections and
3177:
3151:manga magazines
3124:
3093:
3084:Manga magazines
3049:
3033:
2922:
2826:
2776:
2747:
2680:
2651:Talking animals
2627:
2588:Science fiction
2499:Anthropomorphic
2465:and narratology
2464:
2456:
2403:Years in comics
2385:
2362:
2326:Jewish American
2309:
2276:
2221:
2185:
2105:Trade paperback
2063:
2054:
2049:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1946:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1911:Wayback Machine
1902:
1898:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1852:
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1844:
1839:
1835:
1829:Wayback Machine
1820:
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1719:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1660:Ma, Sheng-Mei.
1659:
1655:
1641:
1639:
1624:10.2307/2903369
1603:
1602:
1598:
1592:Wayback Machine
1582:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1476:
1472:
1467:Wayback Machine
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1350:on 29 June 2006
1337:
1336:
1332:
1319:
1317:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1256:Wayback Machine
1246:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1205:
1166:
1129:
1123:
1062:
986:
978:Crimson Avenger
954:
889:
863:
858:
842:
834:Black Lightning
806:
800:
788:George Herriman
768:
737:
725:
719:
667:
626:
610:
594:
576:, the original
558:Living Monolith
530:
482:Ho Che Anderson
439:popular culture
379:
368:
362:
359:
348:
336:
325:
298:
287:
286:
285:
280:
269:
263:
260:
245:
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228:
217:
206:
200:
197:
182:
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155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
80:
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3532:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3485:
3475:
3463:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3388:Charitable and
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3173:Limited series
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:Based on films
3107:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3022:United Kingdom
3019:
3018:
3017:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2936:Czech Republic
2932:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2466:
2462:Comics studies
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2284:
2282:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2149:Digital comics
2146:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:Ongoing series
2092:
2087:
2085:Limited series
2082:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2009:
1991:
1986:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1935:
1914:
1896:
1889:
1871:
1842:
1833:
1814:
1805:
1792:
1768:
1752:"Dr Fu Manchu"
1743:
1717:
1691:
1666:
1653:
1618:(1): 107–119.
1596:
1576:
1561:
1537:
1524:
1513:on 25 May 2013
1493:
1470:
1448:
1414:
1387:
1361:
1330:
1316:on 23 May 2011
1293:
1268:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1165:
1162:
1156:, inspired by
1122:
1119:
1107:Cassandra Cain
1095:Silver Samurai
1083:Betsy Braddock
1061:
1058:
1050:Howard Chaykin
1017:Asian American
1002:Quality Comics
985:
982:
953:
950:
888:
885:
862:
859:
857:
854:
846:black proteges
841:
840:Black proteges
838:
810:blaxploitation
799:
796:
770:The historian
767:
764:
736:
733:
718:
715:
666:
663:
625:
622:
609:
606:
593:
590:
578:Arabian Knight
570:Abdul Alhazred
529:
526:
387:sociopolitical
381:
380:
363:September 2022
339:
337:
330:
324:
321:
300:
299:
282:
281:
242:of the subject
240:worldwide view
235:
233:
226:
219:
218:
173:
171:
164:
157:
156:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3531:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3494:
3486:
3484:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:Organizations
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
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2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
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2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:United States
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Decompression
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Tijuana bible
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Comics poetry
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Silent comics
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Graphic novel
2174:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
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3340:Critical and
3294:Professional
3079:Comic strips
2772:South Africa
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2671:Supervillain
2207:Photo comics
2202:Motion comic
2154:Mobile comic
2080:Ashcan comic
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1956:. Retrieved
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1706:. 2019-07-19
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1646:– via
1642:23 September
1640:. Retrieved
1636:the original
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1087:body-swapped
1079:Colleen Wing
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1006:World War II
987:
964:, and spoke
955:
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914:The Mandarin
890:
868:Yellow Peril
864:
861:Yellow Peril
843:
830:Bronze Tiger
826:Misty Knight
807:
792:Mickey Mouse
775:
774:, author of
769:
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691:
689:
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659:Billy Batson
653:'s sidekick
647:Looney Tunes
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582:Ra's al Ghul
534:Jack Shaheen
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455:Brodie's Law
453:
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403:World War II
399:Wonder Woman
384:
369:
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349:Please help
344:verification
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81:Please help
76:verification
73:
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42:
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35:Please help
32:
15:
3493:WikiProject
3129:Other lists
3074:Comic books
2990:Netherlands
2896:Philippines
2608:Underground
2571:Non-fiction
2489:Alternative
2235:Cartoonists
2217:Text comics
2171:Gag cartoon
2127:Lianhuanhua
2112:Comic strip
1994:Shaw, Scott
1441:2 September
1407:2 September
1247:Emad, M.C.
1169:Fah Lo Suee
1164:Fah Lo Suee
1158:Fah Lo Suee
1127:Dragon Lady
1121:Dragon Lady
1043:Dan Spiegle
1041:and artist
990:Will Eisner
910:Yellow Claw
739:The artist
677:Will Eisner
665:Ebony White
655:Ebony White
554:Shadow King
512:Optic Nerve
490:Ben Katchor
317:comic books
3508:Categories
2757:By country
2598:Teen humor
2433:Modern Age
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2197:Film comic
2190:Techniques
2075:Comic book
1984:backissues
1803:(archived)
1704:ScreenRant
1230:References
1173:Sax Rohmer
1103:Lady Shiva
1022:Larry Hama
998:Bob Powell
940:Alan Moore
893:Sax Rohmer
856:East Asian
802:See also:
780:racialized
772:Ian Gordon
759:missionary
721:See also:
703:Tom Sawyer
690:In a 1966
651:The Spirit
630:caricature
602:John Wayne
550:Apocalypse
443:Karate Kid
435:Spider-Man
185:improve it
109:newspapers
38:improve it
3098:By source
3089:Webcomics
3067:By format
3045:Australia
2848:Hong Kong
2788:Argentina
2666:Superhero
2623:Wrestling
2593:Superhero
2534:Dystopian
2509:Celebrity
2494:Ambiguous
2452:Webcomics
2305:Webcomics
2288:Editorial
2281:By format
2262:Letterers
2247:Colorists
2100:Minicomic
2014:Alter Ego
1801:Asian pop
1784:Blackhawk
1761:28 August
1736:28 August
1710:28 August
1684:28 August
1489:Alter Ego
1185:Shang-Chi
1177:Fu Manchu
1154:Fu Manchu
1075:Shang-Chi
1054:Blackhawk
1035:Blackhawk
1027:Blackhawk
984:Chop-Chop
974:Blackhawk
922:Shang-Chi
901:DC Comics
897:Fu Manchu
887:Fu Manchu
822:Luke Cage
784:Krazy Kat
729:cannibals
717:"Savages"
546:Caucasian
409:creator,
264:June 2022
252:talk page
189:verifying
44:talk page
3483:Category
3390:outreach
3342:academic
3252:ToonSeum
3000:Portugal
2908:Thailand
2891:Pakistan
2781:Americas
2697:Feminist
2641:Antihero
2479:Abstract
2413:American
2348:Filipino
2338:Canadian
2321:American
2227:Creators
2159:Webcomic
2090:One-shot
2002:, No. 1"
1907:Archived
1825:Archived
1588:Archived
1559:, p. 22.
1479:New York
1463:Archived
1435:Archived
1401:Archived
1344:The Link
1286:17 March
1252:Archived
1203:See also
1197:Zheng Zu
1111:Buddhism
1067:ninjutsu
1052:'s 1987
936:Zheng Zu
751:Belgians
684:sidekick
542:villains
503:Deathlok
450:tokenism
427:Superman
411:Stan Lee
391:humorous
246:You may
201:May 2008
139:May 2008
3266:Schools
3188:museums
3038:Oceania
2973:Ireland
2968:Hungary
2963:Germany
2956:Belgium
2941:Croatia
2918:Vietnam
2656:Masking
2618:Western
2576:Romance
2544:Fantasy
2395:History
2272:Writers
2252:Editors
2164:Webtoon
2142:Yonkoma
2068:Formats
1980:journal
1632:2903369
1354:29 June
1097:, DC's
1091:Kwannon
1071:samurai
1004:during
930:title.
872:Chinese
766:Animals
574:Saracen
183:Please
123:scholar
3136:Awards
3005:Serbia
2995:Poland
2928:Europe
2913:Turkey
2810:Mexico
2803:Quebec
2798:Canada
2793:Brazil
2765:Africa
2685:Themes
2633:Tropes
2566:Horror
2556:Gekiga
2539:Erotic
2472:Genres
2438:events
2257:Inkers
2137:Topper
2052:Comics
1958:1 June
1928:1 June
1887:
1864:2 June
1630:
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1517:6 June
1382:
1320:25 May
1105:, and
1099:Katana
1085:while
996:, and
966:pidgin
958:coolie
952:Coolie
881:Egg Fu
818:ghetto
707:Penrod
674:artist
670:Writer
643:Disney
618:Tarzan
564:, the
431:Batman
395:action
313:ethnic
309:racial
125:
118:
111:
104:
96:
3146:manga
3059:Lists
3027:Wales
3010:Spain
2978:Italy
2879:Korea
2872:lists
2867:Japan
2855:India
2661:Rogue
2529:Crime
2484:Adult
2367:Other
2343:Cuban
1978:MELUS
1628:JSTOR
1431:Wired
1235:Notes
1089:with
1010:queue
962:queue
741:Hergé
608:Black
528:Arabs
464:MELUS
407:X-Men
254:, or
130:JSTOR
116:books
3015:list
2983:list
2951:list
2901:list
2884:list
2860:list
2843:list
2831:Asia
2820:list
2707:LGBT
2581:list
2549:list
2379:list
2293:list
2240:list
1982:and
1960:2022
1930:2022
1885:ISBN
1866:2022
1763:2021
1738:2021
1712:2021
1686:2021
1644:2022
1553:ISBN
1519:2013
1507:Time
1456:Time
1443:2017
1409:2017
1380:ISBN
1356:2006
1322:2008
1288:2022
1115:monk
1000:for
912:and
903:and
832:and
705:and
657:and
645:and
584:and
486:King
311:and
102:news
2613:War
1859:CBR
1730:CBR
1620:doi
1491:#48
948:).
942:'s
562:Asp
520:).
510:'s
492:'s
484:'s
353:by
187:by
85:by
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1938:^
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54:)
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