250:, or "praise poems," funeral orations, or rhetoric as opposed to girls who are taught to listen and repeat conversations. Albert showed that women of higher social castes were able to exert authority despite and somewhat because of their silence. Albert also studied Burundi speech rules related to petitioning a superior, formal or informal visiting, social ceremonies, rules of precedence and good speech manners, respect patterns and role relativism and orders of speaking based on social rank. Albert used texts and biographies from the Burundi for her research related to values like her work with the Navajo (Diné). Albert also studied different political behaviors among closely related countries, including between Ruanda and Urundi.
207:
She also studied cultural changes relative to the
American value system. Albert prevented her research from being overwhelmed by these variables by forming a "normal operating base" of the value system. This normal operative base provided a reference point for the discussion of differences in individual beliefs and behaviors. Albert actively identified what she called "focal values," which vary between different nations. Albert identified knowledge, familial life, material possessions, and health as focal values for Ramah Navajo. Albert studied Navajo ontology through Navajo myths, origin stories, songs, and rituals that she recorded during her fieldwork and discussed in her publications.
31:
295:
243:. Albert studied speech differences based on class, age, and sex groups among the Rundi people, studying Burundi speaking rules in different social circumstances . Albert was especially interested in speech differences among women in the patrilineal Rundi society. In particular, Albert studied how the speech of Burundi women varied based on their social caste.
341:
Albert actively encouraged the continuation of her work in semiotics and ethnographic semantics. In 1966, Albert commented on a paper about ethnographic semantics, stating that she hoped that more work would be done related to this topic in the field. Later in life, Albert began a manuscript on cross
266:
along with Evon Z. Vogt. Albert also applied her value system research in the United States, publishing an article on value uncertainty and value conflicts in
American society, related to changes in the mid-twentieth century and the presence of alternative value systems make up of different cultural
311:
in
Stanford, California. From 1958 to 1966, Albert taught speech at the University of California at Berkley. According to a record from the United States Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs in 1961, Albert studied the beliefs, laws, and values of the non-literate peoples in the Ruandi-Urundi
206:
Albert acknowledged the many confounding factors that challenge ethnophilosophical research. Albert noted that no individual can provide the content of an entire Navajo community's value system, as there are individual differences in viewpoint and changes in beliefs and values that occur over time.
320:
from 1963 to 1965 before being appointed vice-chairman of the Speech
Department at the University of California at Berkeley in 1964. Albert worked as a professor of anthropology and speech at Northwestern University from 1966 to 1977, becoming chairman of the Anthropology and Speech Department in
186:
Albert's research focused on comparative ethnophilosophy and value systems in different Native
American groups. In 1953, she became a research associate at the Laboratory of Social Relations at Harvard University, a position she held until 1955 while conducting fieldwork with the Navajo (Diné).
352:
The Ethel Mary Albert Papers are kept at the
National Anthropological Archives. Albert's papers include writings, photographs, and sound recordings from her research among the Burundi, Rundi texts and biographies, research materials from Albert's fieldwork with the Navajo (Diné), and materials
161:(1944). Albert worked as a research associate at the Laboratory of Social Relations at Harvard University shortly before Kluckhohn's death in 1960. Albert's affiliation with Harvard was confirmed in her 1956 article, "The classification of values: a method and illustration," published in the
199:). Albert utilized this value scheme to describe the value system of the Ramah Band of the Navajo Nation. Albert's research utilized field notes, protocols, life histories, and monographs for analysis and generalization of value categories. Many of these materials are now at the
132:
in 1947. Albert received a PhD in philosophy from the
University of Wisconsin in 1949. Albert taught philosophy at Brooklyn College from 1946 to 1947 while pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University. After receiving her PhD in 1949, Albert taught philosophy at
270:
Despite her contributions to publications, semiotician Thomas Albert Seboek noted that it was her teaching rather than her publications that ensured her legacy in late-twentieth century
American semiotics. Albert taught graduate seminars on semiotics focused on
324:
Albert was actively involved in professional anthropological associations. She participated in a two-day conference of regional specialists in West and
Central Africa fieldwork in May 1958 at Northwestern University. The product of this conference was the
1077:
100:. Albert conducted ethnological research related to speech, values, and ethics, employing a cross-cultural approach studying different social classes, ethnic groups, and locations. Albert conducted research with the
253:
Albert published her work widely and contributed to the publications of other researchers. Albert published her research related to social values based on social statutes among the
Burundi in Denise Paulme's
988:
Colby, B. N.; Akhmanova, Olga; Albert, Ethel M.; Banks, E. Pendleton; Chafe, Wallace L.; Conklin, Harold C.; Fischer, J. L.; Grootaers, Willem A.; Hymes, Dell; Kay, Paul; Keesing, Roger M. (1966-02-01).
693:
149:
described Albert as "by profession a cultural anthropologist, by avocation a self-taught semiotician, by employment then a research associate on Kluckhohn's staff." American anthropologist
342:
cultural studies of fatalism, but it remains unpublished. Notes and drafts of Albert's unpublished manuscript are in the Ethel Mary Albert Papers at the National Anthropological Archives.
882:
Vogt, Evon Z; Albert, Ethel M; Whiting, John Wesley Mayhew; Chasdi, Eleanor Hollenberg; Antonovsky, Helen F; Pauker, Guy J; Bellah, Robert N; Kluckhohn, Clyde; Harvard University (1966).
308:
345:
Semiotician Thomas Albert Seboek notes that he kept in touch with Albert throughout the 1960s after he first met her in Kluckhohn's Harvard office. He explains in his book
174:
Albert developed a variety of research interests, including cross-cultural anthropological studies of values and speech, semiotics, and eventually later in her life,
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1107:
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people of Burundi. The Rundi are a people of the Republic of Burundi who speak Rundi, a Bantu language. Hundreds of speakers of the Rundi language live in
349:
that Albert was forced into early retirement due to a progressive chronic disease. Albert died in October 1989 in Sarasota, Florida at the age of 71.
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187:
Albert created a descriptive-analysis method for classifying values as specific parts of a value system, contributing her own data related to the
316:
from 1966 to 1977. Albert served as chairman of the Committee for African Studies, later renamed the Institute of International Studies, at the
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283:. Albert was also active in teaching anthropology and creating educational resources for students. She contributed to the
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Albert maintained numerous academic positions throughout her career. From 1957 to 1958, Albert became a Fellow at the
819:
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121:
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279:, reviving semiotics in the American university curriculum 25 years after Charles Morris' seminars at the
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to a cross-cultural analysis of value systems among five communities in the American southwest (Navajo,
124:, on March 28, 1918, to Zundel and Dorothy (Eisenstadt) Sokolsky. She received a Bachelor of Arts from
291:, and served as assistant director of the Ethnology of Educational Resources in Anthropology Project.
1052:
1047:
246:
Albert studied speech training among boys and girls in the Burundi tribe, including how they compose
108:. Albert is most well known among late twentieth-century American semiotics researchers for reviving
920:
International Educational, Cultural and Related Activities for African Countries South of the Sahara
837:"Socio-Political Organization and Receptivity to Change: Some Differences between Ruanda and Urundi"
288:
134:
129:
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Socio-political organization and receptivity to change: Some differences between Ruanda and Urundi
85:
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935:"Collection: Records of the Anthropology Department | Archival and Manuscript Collections"
329:(1959), by Alvin William Wolfe. Albert became the assistant director of Ethnology for the
216:
150:
632:
408:"'Rhetoric,' 'Logic,' and 'Poetics' in Burundi: Culture Patterning of Speech Behavior."
617:""Rhetoric," "Logic," and "Poetics" in Burundi: Culture Patterning of Speech Behavior"
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188:
146:
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Fellowship in the Overseas Africa Program to conduct an ethnographic study of the
991:"Ethnographic Semantics: A Preliminary Survey [and Comments and Replies]"
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30:
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333:
Project on Educational Resources in Anthropology for 1960 and 1961.
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903:
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821:
Guide to the National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
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territory during this tenure. Albert taught anthropology and speech at
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105:
714:"Conflict and Change in American Values a Culture-Historical Approach"
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University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
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Conflict and Change in American Values a Culture-Historical Approach.
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81:
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729:
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Affairs, United States Bureau of Educational and Cultural (1961).
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220:
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Brooklyn College; Columbia University; University of Wisconsin
104:(Diné) in the American southwest and the Rundi people in the
429:
edited by John N. Paden and Edward W. Soja, pp. 99–100.
529:"The Classification of Values: A Method and Illustration*"
364:
The classification of values: a method and illustration
885:
People of Rimrock: a study of values in five cultures
260:
People of Rimrock: A Study of Values in Five Cultures
309:
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
76:
68:
54:
40:
21:
153:was a researcher of the Navajo (Diné) people at
353:related to cross cultural studies of fatalism.
96:(28 March 1918 – October 1989) was an American
425:1970 "Conceptual Systems in Africa." In
8:
818:Archives, National Anthropological (1992).
392:edited by Denise Paulme, pp. 179–217.
386:Women of Burundi: A study of social values
29:
18:
544:
427:The African Experience, Volume I: Essays,
215:From 1955 to 1957, Albert was awarded a
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112:in the American university curriculum.
1098:20th-century American women scientists
964:Field Guide to West and Central Africa
327:Field Guide to West and Central Africa
1108:20th-century American anthropologists
1058:Writers from New Britain, Connecticut
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939:findingaids.library.northwestern.edu
841:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
824:. National Anthropological Archives.
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379:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
318:University of California at Berkeley
633:10.1525/aa.1964.66.suppl_3.02a00020
923:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
692:Mandelbaum, David Goodman (1963).
298:Two Batutsi and Ethel Albert, 1956
128:in 1942 and a Master of Arts from
14:
698:. University of California Press.
481:"Ethel Mary Albert Papers · SOVA"
201:National Anthropological Archives
662:Denzin, Norman K. (2011-10-06).
211:Fieldwork among the Rundi people
182:Fieldwork with the Navajo (Diné)
80:Ethnological research among the
712:Albert, Ethel M. (1963-10-01).
665:Studies in Symbolic Interaction
195:, Spanish American, Texan, and
1093:American women anthropologists
853:10.1086/soutjanth.16.1.3629054
581:Sebeok, Thomas Albert (2001).
120:Ethel Mary Albert was born in
1:
961:Wolfe, Alvin William (1959).
791:Paulme, Denise (2013-11-05).
546:10.1525/aa.1956.58.2.02a00020
888:. Harvard University Press.
695:The Teaching of Anthropology
668:. Emerald Group Publishing.
587:. Indiana University Press.
267:groups in American society.
1088:Syracuse University faculty
421:New York: American Book Co.
418:Great Traditions in Ethics.
331:National Science Foundation
1124:
1073:Columbia University alumni
167:. Albert had moved to the
835:Albert, Ethel M. (1960).
615:Albert, Ethel M. (1964).
527:Albert, Ethel M. (1956).
390:Women of tropical Africa,
28:
1103:American women academics
1083:Brooklyn College faculty
794:Women of Tropical Africa
403:74, no. 1 (1963): 19–33.
285:Teaching of Anthropology
256:Women of Tropical Africa
169:University of California
122:New Britain, Connecticut
116:Early life and education
48:New Britain, Connecticut
35:Ethel M. Albert, c. 1962
1068:Brooklyn College alumni
767:Encyclopedia Britannica
621:American Anthropologist
533:American Anthropologist
411:American Anthropologist
368:American Anthropologist
314:Northwestern University
164:American Anthropologist
967:. National Academies.
299:
258:. She also edited the
145:Hungarian semiotician
1043:American ethnologists
357:Selected bibliography
297:
281:University of Chicago
995:Current Anthropology
147:Thomas Albert Seboek
16:American ethnologist
370:58, no. 2: 221–248.
289:David G. Mandelbaum
137:from 1949 to 1952.
135:Syracuse University
130:Columbia University
106:Republic of Burundi
303:Academic positions
300:
273:discourse analysis
157:and the author of
155:Harvard University
895:978-0-674-86508-2
804:978-1-136-53297-9
675:978-1-78052-157-2
594:978-0-253-33957-7
413:66, no. 6: 35–54.
381:16, no. 1: 46–74.
159:Navaho Witchcraft
91:
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62:Sarasota, Florida
23:Ethel Mary Albert
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847:(1): 46–74.
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58:October 1989
1053:1989 deaths
1048:1918 births
1001:(1): 3–32.
485:sova.si.edu
416:1969
406:1964
287:(1963), by
98:ethnologist
84:(Diné) and
1037:Categories
944:2020-07-09
772:2020-07-09
490:2020-07-09
434:References
337:Later life
1023:147354358
1015:0011-3204
869:142847876
861:0038-4801
746:144554115
738:0014-1704
641:0002-7294
555:1548-1433
171:by 1964.
110:semiotics
237:Tanzania
176:fatalism
373:1960 "
362:1956 "
248:amazina
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321:1973.
262:(1967)
241:Rwanda
239:, and
233:Uganda
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197:Mormon
141:Career
102:Navajo
82:Navajo
1019:S2CID
865:S2CID
742:S2CID
645:JSTOR
221:Tutsi
86:Rundi
1011:ISSN
969:ISBN
900:OCLC
890:ISBN
857:ISSN
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670:ISBN
637:ISSN
589:ISBN
551:ISSN
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