65:
496:
111:
244:
484:
321:
by Arab sources (e.g. they would say "Ghanah in the country of
Genewah"). Conversely, it remains possible that both Ghana and Djenné themselves owe their original city names to the Berber appellation for the blacks that lived there. A possible reconciliation of the theories is that the Berber
866:
Cooley (1841) endorses the theory (p.18n) that Djenné, rather than blacks, was the source of the Arabic term
Genewah (and thus Portuguese Guiné), but at the same time (p.20n) recognizes that Djenné itself might originally come from the Berber Ghinawen
393:, but they had far higher population densities and were more centralized politically. The cohesion of these kingdoms caused the region to show more resistance to European incursions than other areas of Africa. Such resistance, combined with a
937:
914:
463:, a name later given to a British colony in the area which ultimately absorbed earlier European colonies. West of this was the Ivory Coast, still the name of the nation in that region. Farthest west, the area around modern
946:
895:
1662:
389:
made the region wealthy, with a number of centralized kingdoms developing in the 18th and 19th centuries. These were much smaller than the large states of the wide-open
889:. They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets, and had clear central direction from ...
366:, for the hegemony of the Guinea trade (gold, ivory and black pepper). The war ended both with a Portuguese naval victory and the official recognition by the
976:
806:
374:, 1479). This was the first of many colonial wars among European powers. After the Portuguese and Castilians came the Dutch, Danes, French, and British.
1707:
715:
455:
European traders in the region subdivided the region based on its main exports. The eastern portion around Benin and
Nigeria was named the
1216:
801:
495:
64:
397:
environment hostile to
Europeans, meant that much of Guinea was not colonised by Europeans until the very end of the 19th century.
885:, was intercepted ... in 1480. (...) All things considered, it is not surprising that the Portuguese emerged victorious from this
232:
969:
347:
1542:
1236:
831:
1557:
1054:
429:. It includes the coastal regions as well as the interior. Upper Guinea is far less densely populated and stretches from
1682:
1139:
460:
1770:
1517:
962:
456:
110:
1452:
371:
778:
754:. The Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries. Baltimore, Maryland State Colonization Society. p. 280.
1652:
705:
31:
1169:
1594:
1552:
1547:
1462:
1325:
1144:
1064:
1059:
640:
635:
588:
187:
1248:
1069:
882:
499:
171:, a generic term used by the Portuguese to refer to the "black" African peoples living south of the
1667:
1647:
1512:
1184:
1092:
675:
592:
576:
550:
294:, hitherto just a small Djenné outpost). It is during the period of Djenné dominance that the term
243:
191:
158:
430:
1727:
1632:
1241:
1189:
596:
441:
118:
54:
1657:
1637:
1589:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1377:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1102:
711:
687:
530:
367:
282:. Djenné dominated the gold and salt trade across West Africa, from the 11th century (fall of
46:
854:
167:
165:. The Portuguese term emerged in the mid-15th century to refer to the lands inhabited by the
1749:
1737:
1722:
1702:
1687:
1562:
1226:
1204:
679:
584:
359:
351:
251:
237:
206:
132:
114:
58:
878:“However, in 1478 the Portuguese surprised thirty-five Castilian ships returning from Mina
1744:
1472:
1457:
1422:
1392:
1288:
413:". Lower Guinea is one of the most densely populated regions of Africa, covering southern
228:
95:
1642:
690:) corrects himself and notes that the term "Guinea" really applies only the lands of the
483:
1732:
1567:
1482:
1477:
1467:
1382:
1355:
1273:
1221:
1194:
1179:
1154:
1097:
1074:
1010:
997:
911:“In a war in which the Castilians were victorious on land and the Portuguese at sea, …”
732:
683:
247:
127:
91:
749:
1764:
1532:
1298:
1293:
1283:
1255:
1159:
580:
540:
526:
263:
179:
172:
42:
1692:
1507:
1345:
1265:
1199:
1174:
1112:
846:
560:
546:
472:
468:
449:
445:
410:
406:
306:
283:
17:
305:
Other theories try to connect "Guinea" to "Ghana", but this is less certain. The
1677:
1622:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1527:
1522:
1499:
1370:
1340:
1335:
1084:
1044:
1039:
881:
and seized them and all their gold. Another...Castilian voyage to Mina, that of
682:) and although Zurara starts off using the term "Guinea" loosely to include the
645:
566:
378:
287:
279:
142:
87:
76:
370:
of the
Portuguese sovereignty over most of the African territories in dispute (
1627:
1601:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1365:
1350:
1315:
1231:
1049:
1017:
764:
Rogado
Quintino (1965) "O problema da origem dos termos «Guiné» e «Guinéus»",
650:
520:
50:
1697:
1617:
1487:
1164:
1149:
1127:
985:
818:
Leo
Africanus uses the word "Ghinea" for both a village and a large kingdom.
655:
70:
267:
136:
1442:
1432:
1303:
1027:
779:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Guinea: Overview"
606:
334:(land dominated by that city), which finally made it into the Portuguese
314:
291:
829:
The
History and Description of Africa: and of the notable things therein
799:
The year Leo completed the manuscript of his book on
African geography (
1320:
1278:
1209:
1022:
623:
616:
556:
514:
464:
434:
414:
394:
386:
355:
176:
1712:
1672:
1447:
1330:
1032:
989:
536:
363:
216:
38:
954:
1717:
1360:
612:
572:
494:
482:
426:
418:
390:
242:
210:
186:). The term "Guinea" is extensively used in the 1453 chronicle of
109:
99:
1310:
1132:
602:
422:
382:
958:
658:, a ship used to transport slaves from the region of Guinea
805:) according to the date on the sole surviving manuscript (
98:
or savanna that stretches along the coast and borders the
313:
mentioned already by 11th-century Arab geographers (e.g.
149:
The etymology of "Guinea" is uncertain. The
English term
236:, "of the burned face"). The Berber terms "aginaw" and "
919:, volume I, University of Minnesota Press, 1985, p.152.
302:– Arabic for "blacks" – is used more commonly before).
240:" mean "black" and "land of the blacks", respectively.
1663:
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
290:
invasion disrupted its routes and redirected trade to
948:
A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668
897:
A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668
86:
is a traditional name for the region of the coast of
1610:
1498:
1391:
1264:
1083:
996:
278:), the great interior commercial city on the Upper
851:The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained
298:really comes forward into usage in Arab sources (
942:, Volume 1, University of Minnesota Press, 1977.
599:all ended up absorbed by the British Gold Coast)
145:(see upper right hand corner – south is upwards)
939:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580
678:discoveries as the "conquest of Guinee", (e.g.
227:) meaning "the burnt people" (analogous to the
916:Foundations of the Portuguese empire 1415-1580
694:, the black people south of the Senegal River.
549:(British part of the Pepper Coast, originally
330:(city), which in turn gave rise to the Arabic
266:in 1526, claims that "Guinea" is derived from
970:
448:refers to the country's coastal plain, while
8:
748:Maryland State Colonization Society (1835).
559:(from U.S. settlements for ex-slaves on the
309:is named after the Medieval trading city of
977:
963:
955:
936:DIFFIE, Bailey W. and WINIUS, George D. -
73:and Guinea with the European Settlements"
674:Zurara titled his 1453 chronicle of the
63:
842:
840:
827:Leo Africanus (written 1526, pub.1550)
807:Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emmanuele
667:
262:A competing theory, first forwarded by
201:It is believed the Portuguese borrowed
909:Bailey W. Diffie and George D. Winius
710:. Yale University Press. p. 318.
1708:Portuguese-speaking African countries
900:, Routledge, New York, 2005, p.39,40.
781:. Minority Rights Group International
153:comes directly from the Spanish word
7:
766:Boletim Cultural da Guiné portuguesa
707:Prince Henry 'the Navigator': A Life
704:Russell, Peter Edward (2001-01-01).
459:. What is now Ghana was called the
286:) until the 13th century (when the
452:refers to the country's interior.
358:and a Portuguese fleet fought the
317:), but it is used distinctly from
25:
405:Guinea is often subdivided into "
157:, which in turn derives from the
182:, north of it, whom they called
348:War of the Castilian Succession
326:(blacks) was the source of the
1543:Guinean Forests of West Africa
504:Verfolg van de Kust van Guinee
479:Countries in the Guinea region
471:was referred to as either the
254:from 1339 showing the region "
1:
1558:Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
1055:Cameroonian Highlands forests
751:Maryland colonization journal
198:(Lord of Guinea) from 1481.
1683:Middle East and North Africa
1140:East African montane forests
951:, Routledge, New York, 2005.
258:(see lower left hand corner)
175:(in contrast to the "tawny"
887:first maritime colonial war
768:, vol. 20, no.78, p.117-45.
731:Stephens, H. Morse (1891).
1787:
94:. It is a naturally moist
36:
29:
1453:Indian Ocean coastal belt
487:Jodocus Hondius II's map
876:Historian Malyn Newitt:
37:Not to be confused with
1653:Guineo-Congolian region
377:The extensive trade in
270:(which he refers to as
32:Guinea (disambiguation)
686:coast, he eventually (
507:
492:
354:armada of thirty-five
259:
146:
80:
1595:West Sudanian savanna
1553:Lower Guinean forests
1548:Upper Guinean forests
1463:Cape Floristic Region
1326:Cataracts of the Nile
1145:Eastern Arc Mountains
1065:Congolian rainforests
1060:East Sudanian savanna
802:Description of Africa
641:Upper Guinean forests
636:Lower Guinean forests
589:Portuguese Gold Coast
510:From north to south:
498:
486:
246:
194:took up the title of
188:Gomes Eanes de Zurara
113:
90:which lies along the
67:
27:Region of West Africa
1249:Zanzibar Archipelago
1217:Indian Ocean islands
883:Eustache de la Fosse
500:Jakob van der Schley
475:or the Grain Coast.
461:(British) Gold Coast
425:and stretching into
346:In 1478 (during the
30:For other uses, see
1668:Mediterranean Basin
1648:Greater Middle East
1185:Ethiopian Highlands
1093:African Great Lakes
593:Prussian Gold Coast
551:Province of Freedom
372:Treaty of Alcáçovas
192:John II of Portugal
121:from 1154 showing "
102:belt in the north.
18:Etymology of Guinea
1728:Sub-Saharan Africa
1633:Commonwealth realm
1242:Northern Highlands
1190:Dahlak Archipelago
523:(formerly British)
508:
493:
442:Republic of Guinea
362:in the waters off
260:
248:Portolan world map
147:
81:
55:Western New Guinea
1771:Regions of Africa
1758:
1757:
1658:Islands of Africa
1638:Equatorial Africa
1590:Inner Niger Delta
1378:Tibesti Mountains
1237:Central Highlands
1123:Virunga Mountains
1118:Rift Valley lakes
1108:Great Rift Valley
1103:East African Rift
1070:Ouaddaï highlands
717:978-0-300-09130-4
531:Portuguese Guinea
517:(formerly French)
368:Catholic Monarchs
47:Equatorial Guinea
16:(Redirected from
1778:
1750:Zambezian region
1738:Sudanian savanna
1723:Southeast Africa
1703:Northeast Africa
1688:Miombo woodlands
1563:Guinea Highlands
1227:Lamu Archipelago
1205:Gulf of Tadjoura
979:
972:
965:
956:
920:
907:
901:
874:
868:
864:
858:
844:
835:
825:
819:
816:
810:
797:
791:
790:
788:
786:
775:
769:
762:
756:
755:
745:
739:
738:
728:
722:
721:
701:
695:
672:
569:or Côte d'Ivoire
360:battle of Guinea
252:Angelino Dulcert
238:Akal n-Iguinawen
115:Tabula Rogeriana
59:Papua New Guinea
21:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1745:Tropical Africa
1606:
1494:
1473:Kalahari Desert
1458:Albany thickets
1423:Succulent Karoo
1387:
1289:Atlas Mountains
1260:
1079:
992:
983:
945:NEWITT, Malyn-
928:
923:
908:
904:
875:
871:
865:
861:
845:
838:
826:
822:
817:
813:
798:
794:
784:
782:
777:
776:
772:
763:
759:
747:
746:
742:
730:
729:
725:
718:
703:
702:
698:
673:
669:
665:
632:
481:
403:
344:
229:Classical Greek
196:Senhor da Guiné
108:
96:tropical forest
62:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1733:Sudan (region)
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1568:Gulf of Guinea
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1483:Cape Peninsula
1480:
1478:Okavango Delta
1475:
1470:
1468:Skeleton Coast
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1383:Western Sahara
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:Nuba Mountains
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1274:Eastern Desert
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1222:Comoro Islands
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:Hanish Islands
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:Danakil Desert
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1155:Horn of Africa
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:Albertine Rift
1089:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1075:Ennedi Plateau
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1011:Gulf of Guinea
1002:
1000:
994:
993:
984:
982:
981:
974:
967:
959:
953:
952:
943:
927:
924:
922:
921:
902:
869:
859:
836:
820:
811:
792:
770:
757:
740:
737:. p. 164.
723:
716:
696:
684:Western Sahara
666:
664:
661:
660:
659:
653:
648:
643:
638:
631:
628:
627:
626:
620:
610:
600:
597:Swedish Guinea
575:(formerly the
570:
564:
554:
544:
534:
524:
518:
480:
477:
402:
399:
343:
340:
107:
104:
92:Gulf of Guinea
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1783:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:Macro-regions
1609:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:Guinea region
1536:
1534:
1533:Cape Mesurado
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Gibraltar Arc
1297:
1295:
1294:Barbary Coast
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Ancient Libya
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1256:Swahili coast
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Afar Triangle
1158:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:Guinea region
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
975:
973:
968:
966:
961:
960:
957:
950:
949:
944:
941:
940:
935:
934:
933:
932:
925:
918:
917:
912:
906:
903:
899:
898:
893:
890:
888:
884:
879:
873:
870:
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
830:
824:
821:
815:
812:
808:
804:
803:
796:
793:
780:
774:
771:
767:
761:
758:
753:
752:
744:
741:
736:
735:
727:
724:
719:
713:
709:
708:
700:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
671:
668:
662:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
601:
598:
594:
591:(the first),
590:
586:
582:
581:Danish Guinea
578:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
558:
555:
552:
548:
545:
542:
541:French Guinea
538:
535:
532:
528:
527:Guinea-Bissau
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
511:
505:
501:
497:
490:
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
431:Côte d'Ivoire
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
398:
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392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
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353:
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341:
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333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Gheneo, Genni
269:
265:
264:Leo Africanus
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
239:
235:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
173:Senegal River
170:
169:
164:
160:
156:
152:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:world map by
116:
112:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
78:
74:
72:
66:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:Guinea-Bissau
40:
33:
19:
1693:Mittelafrika
1643:Françafrique
1537:
1508:Pepper Coast
1346:Middle Egypt
1200:Gulf of Aden
1175:Danakil Alps
1113:Gregory Rift
1005:
947:
938:
930:
929:
915:
910:
905:
896:
891:
886:
880:
877:
872:
862:
850:
847:W. D. Cooley
828:
823:
814:
800:
795:
783:. Retrieved
773:
765:
760:
750:
743:
733:
726:
706:
699:
691:
670:
585:Dutch Guinea
561:Pepper Coast
547:Sierra Leone
509:
503:
488:
473:Pepper Coast
469:Sierra Leone
454:
450:Upper Guinea
446:Lower Guinea
439:
411:Upper Guinea
407:Lower Guinea
404:
401:Subdivisions
376:
345:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
310:
307:Ghana Empire
304:
299:
295:
275:
271:
261:
255:
231:
224:
220:
219:as غِنَاوَة
211:
202:
200:
195:
183:
166:
162:
154:
150:
148:
137:
125:
122:
83:
82:
68:
1678:Middle East
1623:Afromontane
1585:Niger Delta
1580:Niger Basin
1573:Dahomey Gap
1528:Cape Palmas
1523:Ivory Coast
1518:Slave Coast
1371:Upper Egypt
1341:Lower Nubia
1336:Lower Egypt
1311:Nile Valley
1045:Congo Basin
1040:Pool Malebo
646:West Africa
567:Ivory Coast
457:Slave Coast
440:Within the
280:Niger River
215:(sometimes
143:Niger River
88:West Africa
77:Herman Moll
1628:Arab world
1602:Yorubaland
1513:Gold Coast
1438:Maputaland
1428:Nama Karoo
1418:Thembuland
1366:The Sudans
1351:Nile Delta
1316:Nile Delta
1232:Madagascar
1050:Chad Basin
1018:Cape Lopez
926:References
809:, MS 953).
651:New Guinea
605:(formerly
577:Gold Coast
539:(formerly
529:(formerly
521:The Gambia
159:Portuguese
133:two cities
51:New Guinea
1698:Negroland
1618:Aethiopia
1488:False Bay
1165:Al-Habash
1150:Serengeti
1128:Kavirondo
867:(blacks).
656:Guineaman
622:Southern
352:Castilian
205:from the
184:Azenegues
141:" on the
135:labeled "
126:Gana min
119:Al-Idrisi
106:Etymology
71:Negroland
1765:Category
1443:Highveld
1433:Bushveld
1401:Rhodesia
1304:Ifriqiya
1170:Barbaria
1028:Igboland
734:Portugal
676:Henrican
630:See also
607:Togoland
356:caravels
324:Ghinawen
315:al-Bakri
300:al-Sudan
292:Timbuktu
233:Aithiops
221:Guinauha
217:Arabized
212:Ghinawen
190:. King
128:al-Sudan
1321:Bashmur
1279:Maghreb
1210:Red Sea
1023:Mayombe
998:Central
986:Regions
849:(1841)
692:Guineus
624:Nigeria
617:Dahomey
557:Liberia
515:Senegal
502:'s map
465:Liberia
435:Senegal
415:Nigeria
409:" and "
395:disease
342:History
332:Genewah
319:Genewah
296:Genewah
256:Ganuya"
225:Genewah
203:Guineus
180:Berbers
177:Sanhaja
168:Guineus
131:" near
1713:Sahara
1673:MENASA
1448:Fynbos
1331:Darfur
1033:Mbaise
990:Africa
892:John.”
785:24 May
714:
537:Guinea
506:, 1747
491:, 1621
489:Guinea
387:slaves
385:, and
364:Elmina
328:Djenné
311:Ghanah
276:Ghinea
268:Djenné
207:Berber
155:Guinea
151:Guinea
84:Guinea
79:, 1727
39:Guinea
1718:Sahel
1411:South
1406:North
1393:South
1361:Nubia
1266:North
931:Books
688:p.153
663:Notes
613:Benin
573:Ghana
427:Ghana
419:Benin
391:Sahel
379:ivory
350:), a
336:Guiné
284:Ghana
209:term
163:Guiné
161:word
123:Bilad
100:Sahel
57:, or
1500:West
1133:Zanj
1085:East
855:p.20
832:p.79
787:2016
712:ISBN
603:Togo
595:and
467:and
423:Togo
383:gold
288:Mali
274:and
138:Gana
988:of
913:in
894:In
680:p.1
433:to
250:of
223:or
1767::
853:.
839:^
587:,
583:,
579:;
444:,
437:.
421:,
417:,
381:,
338:.
75:,
53:,
49:,
45:,
41:,
978:e
971:t
964:v
857:.
834:)
789:.
720:.
619:)
615:(
609:)
563:)
553:)
543:)
533:)
69:"
61:.
34:.
20:)
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