136:
115:
593:
Merriam, J.C. 1911. Tertiary mammal beds of Virgin Valley and
Thousand Creek in northwestern Nevada. Part 2. Vertebrate faunas. Bulletin of the Department of Geology of the University of California 11:
1900:
740:
494:
R. H. Tedford and Z. Qiu. 1996. A new canid genus from the
Pliocene of Yushe, Shanxi Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica (Gujizhui Dongwu Xuebao) 34(#1):27-40
1994:
1979:
1999:
1887:
1989:
1984:
533:
314:
about 6 million years ago, followed by the genus going extinct 3 million years ago. This genus is proposed to have given rise to genus
310:
10 million years ago. It was the size of a jackal and weighed around 15kg. It was one of the few North
American mammals which invaded
733:
335:
and the South
American canines that would follow it. In 2009, Tedford revised its diagnosis and described two of its species,
511:
376:
1969:
1824:
1795:
726:
1964:
525:
135:
659:
An Early
Pliocene North American Deer: Bretzia pseudalces, Its Osteology, Biology, and Place in Cervid History
642:
1974:
1725:
1840:
1765:
1715:
1257:
1926:
303:
553:
1247:
1237:
1665:
1565:
1411:
686:
Tedford & Qiu, 1996 (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae, Canini) in the Mio-Pliocene of the Old World"
1555:
1401:
1277:
1705:
1640:
1436:
1300:
1267:
705:
662:
625:
576:
515:
454:
380:
130:
1931:
1913:
1905:
1785:
1685:
1675:
1585:
1455:
529:
457:
406:
1941:
1918:
1615:
1310:
697:
617:
568:
401:
1471:
1320:
876:
825:
608:
revisited: diet ecomorphology of some long gone (Late
Miocene and Pliocene) fossil dogs".
718:
1605:
1595:
1575:
1526:
1331:
1031:
811:
372:
433:
A medium canid - it is the size of a jackal, weighing around 15 kg (33 lb).
1958:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1695:
1119:
1083:
1065:
1010:
709:
629:
72:
34:
666:
580:
554:"Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)"
1878:
1376:
1340:
1038:
965:
956:
911:
855:
353:
233:
30:
519:
1872:
1212:
1133:
1110:
1024:
983:
924:
897:
869:
834:
47:
1863:
621:
1775:
1627:
1147:
1056:
1045:
1017:
883:
848:
789:
749:
442:
292:
285:
92:
57:
1491:
1388:
1366:
1192:
1182:
1126:
1099:
1092:
1072:
1003:
996:
972:
945:
938:
931:
890:
862:
783:
187:
147:
97:
41:
1857:
1652:
1501:
1423:
1356:
1202:
841:
777:
771:
473:
469:
461:
396:
167:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
701:
1892:
1224:
1166:
1140:
753:
392:
311:
307:
207:
197:
102:
77:
1288:
765:
465:
450:
414:
295:
279:
268:
177:
157:
1834:
681:
331:
was named by
Tedford and Qiu in 1996. Phyletically it stood between
1538:
1513:
572:
446:
347:
by
Merriam in 1911. Numerous species were previously described as
316:
299:
288:
114:
1838:
722:
552:
Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009).
274:
263:
417:) was in existence. They proposed that the progression from
395:(6 million YBP) in the southwestern U.S. and Mexico. By the
371:
existed in North
America from 10 million YBP until the
521:
Dogs: Their Fossil
Relatives and Evolutionary History
1791:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1741:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1636:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1522:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1467:
1432:
1407:
1397:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
908:
822:
807:
240:
1847:
1650:
1625:
1536:
1511:
1454:
1421:
1386:
1339:
1330:
1287:
1222:
1165:
1109:
1082:
1055:
982:
955:
907:
821:
798:
561:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
604:Saverio Bartolini Lucenti; Lorenzo Rook (2020). "
476:and many other locations across the Old World.
734:
547:
545:
490:
488:
8:
1835:
1544:
1460:
1451:
1345:
1336:
1171:
988:
916:
741:
727:
719:
506:
504:
502:
500:
113:
20:
391:, remains of which first appeared in the
484:
405:appeared in the same region and by the
387:was the descendant of the coyote-like
7:
441:The fossil remains are found in the
425:to the coyote was linear evolution.
14:
1995:Taxa named by Richard H. Tedford
1980:Miocene mammals of North America
661:(Thesis). University of Oregon.
134:
2000:Ringold Formation Miocene Fauna
680:Rook, Lorenzo (December 2009).
610:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1:
1990:Fossil taxa described in 1996
1985:Prehistoric carnivoran genera
657:Gustafson, Eric Paul (2015).
343:, which was originally named
528:, New York. pp. 1β232.
399:(5 million YBP), the larger
280:
269:
302:that first appeared in the
16:Extinct genus of carnivores
2016:
622:10.1007/s10914-020-09500-1
275:
264:
1821:
1547:
1463:
1348:
1174:
991:
919:
760:
526:Columbia University Press
239:
232:
131:Scientific classification
129:
121:
112:
23:
682:"The wide ranging genus
383:proposed that the genus
306:during the late Middle
752:members of the family
460:, as well as northern
227:Tedford and Qiu (1996)
1927:Paleobiology Database
320:6 million years ago.
304:Western United States
1527:C. alpinus europaeus
643:Fossilworks website
1970:Prehistoric canines
1766:C. l. mogollonensis
702:10.5252/g2009n4a723
516:Tedford, Richard H.
437:Fossil distribution
122:Fossil skeleton of
1776:C. l. monstrabilis
423:C. lepophagus
1965:Canina (subtribe)
1952:
1951:
1914:Open Tree of Life
1841:Taxon identifiers
1832:
1831:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1736:C. l. griseoalbus
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
535:978-0-231-13529-0
458:Ringold Formation
407:Early Pleistocene
367:The jackal-sized
255:
254:
228:
2007:
1945:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1836:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1763:
1756:C. l. hodophilax
1753:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1713:
1706:C. l. floridanus
1703:
1696:C. l. cristaldii
1693:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1638:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1556:C. apolloniensis
1553:
1545:
1524:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1461:
1452:
1434:
1409:
1399:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1346:
1337:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1172:
989:
917:
910:
824:
809:
743:
736:
729:
720:
714:
713:
677:
671:
670:
654:
648:
640:
634:
633:
601:
595:
591:
585:
584:
558:
549:
540:
539:
508:
495:
492:
409:(1 million YBP)
402:Canis lepophagus
337:E. skinneri
283:
278:
277:
272:
267:
266:
250:(Merriam, 1911)
242:
226:
219:
139:
138:
117:
107:
44:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1843:
1833:
1828:
1801:
1676:C. l. beothucus
1646:
1621:
1532:
1507:
1442:
1417:
1412:L. ensenadensis
1382:
1326:
1283:
1258:U. minicephalus
1218:
1153:
1105:
1078:
1051:
978:
951:
903:
877:Paraenhydrocyon
826:Hesperocyoninae
817:
794:
756:
747:
717:
679:
678:
674:
656:
655:
651:
641:
637:
603:
602:
598:
592:
588:
556:
551:
550:
543:
536:
510:
509:
498:
493:
486:
482:
439:
431:
365:
326:
251:
248:
225:
217:
133:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2013:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Miocene canids
1972:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1923:
1910:
1897:
1884:
1869:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1726:C. l. gregoryi
1719:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1686:C. l. bernardi
1679:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1586:C. cedazoensis
1579:
1569:
1566:C. armbrusteri
1559:
1548:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1301:V. qiuzhudingi
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1032:Microtomarctus
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
986:
980:
979:
977:
976:
969:
961:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
942:
935:
928:
920:
914:
905:
904:
902:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
830:
828:
819:
818:
816:
815:
812:Prohesperocyon
804:
802:
800:incertae sedis
796:
795:
793:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
761:
758:
757:
748:
746:
745:
738:
731:
723:
716:
715:
696:(4): 723β741.
672:
649:
635:
616:(2): 285β306.
596:
586:
541:
534:
512:Wang, Xiaoming
496:
483:
481:
478:
438:
435:
430:
427:
373:Early Pliocene
364:
359:
341:E. davisi
325:
322:
273:: good, true;
253:
252:
249:
237:
236:
230:
229:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
40:10.3β3.6
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2012:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:C. l. nubilus
1780:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1641:C. l. orcutti
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1616:C. lepophagus
1610:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1402:L. cultridens
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1268:U. progressus
1262:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1120:Paratomarctus
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1084:Aelurodontina
1081:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1066:Paracynarctus
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1011:Metatomarctus
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
985:
981:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
963:
962:
960:
958:
954:
948:
947:
943:
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
921:
918:
915:
913:
906:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
886:
885:
881:
879:
878:
874:
872:
871:
867:
865:
864:
860:
858:
857:
853:
851:
850:
846:
844:
843:
839:
837:
836:
832:
831:
829:
827:
820:
814:
813:
806:
805:
803:
801:
797:
791:
787:
785:
781:
779:
775:
773:
769:
767:
763:
762:
759:
755:
751:
744:
739:
737:
732:
730:
725:
724:
721:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Geodiversitas
687:
685:
676:
673:
668:
664:
660:
653:
650:
647:
646:
645:Eucyon davisi
639:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:"Canis" ferox
600:
597:
590:
587:
582:
578:
574:
573:10.1206/574.1
570:
566:
562:
555:
548:
546:
542:
537:
531:
527:
523:
522:
517:
513:
507:
505:
503:
501:
497:
491:
489:
485:
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
464:, along with
463:
459:
456:
452:
448:
444:
436:
434:
428:
426:
424:
420:
419:Eucyon davisi
416:
412:
411:Canis latrans
408:
404:
403:
398:
394:
390:
389:Eucyon davisi
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
363:
362:Eucyon davisi
360:
358:
356:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
323:
321:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
284:: dog) is an
282:
271:
261:
260:
247:
246:
245:Eucyon davisi
238:
235:
231:
224:
223:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:Eucyon davisi
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
36:
35:Late Pliocene
32:
26:
22:
19:
1848:
1823:
1796:C. l. youngi
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1746:C. l. hattai
1744:
1734:
1724:
1716:C. l. fuscus
1714:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1651:
1639:
1626:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1537:
1525:
1512:
1500:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1437:S. pacivorus
1435:
1422:
1410:
1400:
1387:
1377:Theriodictis
1375:
1365:
1355:
1341:Cerdocyonina
1319:
1311:V. riffautae
1309:
1299:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1223:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1098:
1091:
1071:
1064:
1044:
1039:Protomarctus
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
971:
966:Cynarctoides
964:
957:Phlaocyonini
944:
937:
930:
923:
912:Borophaginae
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
856:Sunkahetanka
854:
847:
840:
833:
810:
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658:
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613:
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564:
560:
520:
455:Washington's
440:
432:
422:
418:
410:
400:
388:
384:
368:
366:
361:
354:Eucyon ferox
352:
351:, including
348:
345:Canis davisi
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:
315:
258:
257:
256:
244:
243:
234:Type species
221:
220:
123:
31:Late Miocene
24:
18:
1873:Wikispecies
1666:C. l. alces
1606:C. etruscus
1596:C. edwardii
1576:C. arnensis
1472:Cynotherium
1321:V. skinneri
1248:U. galushai
1238:U. citrinus
1213:Prototocyon
1134:Protepicyon
1111:Borophagina
1025:Psalidocyon
984:Borophagini
925:Archaeocyon
898:Ectopocynus
870:Enhydrocyon
835:Hesperocyon
449:to western
429:Description
291:of medium
204:Subfamily:
1959:Categories
1628:C. latrans
1148:Borophagus
1057:Cynarctina
1046:Tephrocyon
1018:Euoplocyon
884:Osbornodon
849:Cynodesmus
790:Caniformia
788:Suborder:
480:References
443:Rio Grande
293:omnivorous
1389:Lycalopex
1367:Protocyon
1193:Metalopex
1183:Leptocyon
1127:Carpocyon
1100:Aelurodon
1093:Tomarctus
1073:Cynarctus
1004:Desmocyon
997:Cormocyon
973:Phlaocyon
946:Rhizocyon
939:Otarocyon
932:Oxetocyon
891:Caedocyon
863:Philotrox
784:Carnivora
764:Kingdom:
710:130345058
630:218694252
567:: 1β218.
188:Carnivora
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
1864:Q1791493
1858:Wikidata
1825:Category
1653:C. lupus
1502:Xenocyon
1492:Aenocyon
1424:Speothos
1357:Dusicyon
1278:U. webbi
1203:Nurocyon
842:Mesocyon
778:Mammalia
772:Chordata
770:Phylum:
766:Animalia
667:83622137
594:199β304.
581:83594819
518:(2008).
474:Mongolia
470:Ethiopia
462:Nebraska
397:Pliocene
324:Taxonomy
262:(Greek:
194:Family:
178:Mammalia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
1942:4601072
1919:3612566
1906:1209133
1893:4833469
1225:Urocyon
1167:Caninae
1141:Epicyon
782:Order:
776:Class:
754:Canidae
750:Extinct
393:Miocene
381:Tedford
312:Eurasia
308:Miocene
286:extinct
214:Genus:
208:Caninae
198:Canidae
184:Order:
174:Class:
1939:uBio:
1879:Eucyon
1849:Eucyon
1482:Eucyon
1456:Canina
1332:Canini
1289:Vulpes
708:
684:Eucyon
665:
628:
579:
532:
466:Greece
451:Oregon
415:coyote
369:Eucyon
329:Eucyon
298:-like
296:coyote
259:Eucyon
222:Eucyon
25:Eucyon
1932:41213
1901:IRMNG
1539:Canis
706:S2CID
663:S2CID
626:S2CID
577:S2CID
557:(PDF)
447:Texas
413:(the
385:Canis
349:Canis
333:Canis
317:Canis
300:canid
289:genus
276:ΞΊαΏ ΜΟΞ½
1888:GBIF
1514:Cuon
530:ISBN
453:and
379:and
377:Wang
339:and
281:cyon
48:Preκ
698:doi
618:doi
569:doi
565:325
421:to
1961::
1929::
1916::
1903::
1890::
1875::
1860::
704:.
694:31
692:.
688:.
624:.
614:28
612:.
575:.
563:.
559:.
544:^
524:.
514:;
499:^
487:^
472:,
468:,
445:,
375:.
357:.
270:eu
265:Ξ΅α½
98:Pg
42:Ma
37:,
1792:β
1782:β
1772:β
1762:β
1752:β
1742:β
1732:β
1722:β
1712:β
1702:β
1692:β
1682:β
1672:β
1662:β
1637:β
1612:β
1602:β
1592:β
1582:β
1572:β
1562:β
1552:β
1523:β
1498:β
1488:β
1478:β
1468:β
1433:β
1408:β
1398:β
1373:β
1363:β
1353:β
1317:β
1307:β
1297:β
1274:β
1264:β
1254:β
1244:β
1234:β
1209:β
1199:β
1189:β
1179:β
909:β
823:β
808:β
742:e
735:t
728:v
712:.
700::
669:.
632:.
620::
583:.
571::
538:.
241:β
218:β
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:κ
33:β
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