40:
560:," a method for comparing scholarly journals, as "the invention of Eugene Garfield, a man who has done enormous harm to true science." Colquhoun ridiculed C. Hoeffel's assertion that Garfield's impact factor "has the advantage of already being in existence and is, therefore, a good technique for scientific evaluation" by saying, "you can't get much dumber than that. It is a 'good technique' because it is already in existence? There is something better. Read the papers."
816:
Fifty years ago, on July 15, 1955, Eugene
Garfield, Ph.D published his groundbreaking paper on citation indexing, "Citation Indexes for Science: A New Dimension in Documentation through Association of Ideas." This innovative paper envisioned information tools that allow researchers to expedite their
340:
Working as a laboratory assistant at
Columbia University after his graduation, Garfield indexed all previously synthesized compounds so that not to remake them, which helped him understand that his inclination to information towards science was bigger than towards chemistry.
367:, which was located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the 1990's, ISI was faced with bankruptcy and was acquired by JPT Holdings who later sold it to Thomson (Thomas Business Information) where it formed a major part of the science division of
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His entrepreneurial flair in having turned what was, at least at the time, an obscure and specialist metric into a highly profitable business has been noted. A scientometric analysis of his top fifty cited papers has been conducted.
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Dr. Eugene
Garfield, founder and now Chairman Emeritus of ISI® (now Thomson Reuters), was deeply involved in the research relating to machine generated indexes in the mid-1950s and early 1960s
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in 1992). According to
Garfield, "the citation index ... may help a historian to measure the influence of an article — that is, its 'impact factor'". The creation of the
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Garfield, Eugene, Blaise Cronin, and Helen Barsky Atkins.The Web of
Knowledge: A Festschrift in Honor of Eugene Garfield. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, 2000.
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acknowledged Gene in their development of PageRank, the algorithm that powers their company's search engine. Garfield published over 1,000 essays.
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633:
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in 1949. Garfield also received a degree in
Library Science from Columbia University in 1953. He went on to do his PhD in the Department of
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Pandey, Shriram, and Dinesh K. Gupta. 2021. “A Scientometric
Analysis and Visualization of the 50 Highly Cited Papers of Eugene Garfield.”
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research process, evaluate the impact of their work, spot scientific trends, and trace the history of modern scientific thoughts.
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451:, which ostensibly measures the importance of scientific journals. It led to the unexpected discovery that a few journals like
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371:. In October 2016 Thomson Reuters completed the sale of its intellectual property and science division; it is now known as
39:
1509:
Eugene
Garfield, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by Robert V. Williams at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 29 July 1997
1113:
Eugene
Garfield, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by Robert V. Williams at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 29 July 1997
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Garfield E (1955). "Citation indexes for science: A new dimension in documentation through association of ideas".
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1135:"Acquisition of the Thomson Reuters Intellectual Property and Science Business by Onex and Baring Asia Completed"
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356:. In 1953, at the First Symposium on Machine Methods in Scientific Documentation, Garfield got introduced to
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Garfield is survived by a wife, three sons, a daughter, two granddaughters, and two great-grandchildren.
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Garfield, Eugene (1962). "An
Algorithm for Translating Chemical Names to Molecular Formulas".
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information systems were developed. There he built search and cataloging system methods using
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486:. Both use the structured citation between websites through hyperlinks. Google co-founders
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648:"Founding Father of Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Dr. Eugene Garfield Dies at 91"
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Garfield was born in 1925 in New York City as Eugene Eli Garfinkle, his mother being of
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1300:"Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science?"
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1557:(The Penn Libraries digitally archived this webpage. It is now available via this
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467:. The same pattern does not happen with the humanities or the social sciences.
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Garfield was responsible for many innovative bibliographic products, including
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The Agony and the Ecstasy—The History and Meaning of the Journal Impact Factor
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Garfield E (2006). "The history and meaning of the journal impact factor".
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745:. International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication. Chicago
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has a fund for doctoral research through an award named after Garfield.
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in 1984, and the Miles Conrad Award in 1985. He was also awarded the
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School of Information was honored to have him as lecturer for the
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ancestry. His parents were second generation immigrants living in
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An Algorithm for Translating Chemical Names to Molecular Formulas
208:
An algorithm for translating chemical names to molecular formulas
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The concept of the Science Citation Index is first articulated.
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showing the propagation of scientific thinking; he started the
418:, a bibliometric analysis and visualization software package.
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Garfield, Eugene (1955). "Citation indexes for science...".
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In 1951, he got a position at the Welch Medical Library at
1002:"Citation analytics pioneer Eugene Garfield dies, aged 91"
534:
Association for Library and Information Science Education
240:(September 16, 1925 – February 26, 2017) was an American
431:, Garfield undertook the development of a comprehensive
1418:"Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award for Supporting Industries"
877:
World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services
1404:"Miles Conrad Award and Lectures | NISO website"
406:, a news magazine for life scientists. In 2003, the
1324:Goodall, Amanda; Oswald, Andrew (October 9, 2014).
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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508:Association for Information Science and Technology
474:Garfield's work led to the development of several
44:Eugene Garfield at the Heritage Day awards in 2007
1519:. Archived from the original on November 17, 2023
841:. Archived from the original on November 17, 2023
1537:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1355:"Eugene Garfield – 1925–2017 – a life of impact"
859:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
797:"Fifty Years of Citation Indexing and Analysis"
320:, which he completed in 1961 for developing an
304:before getting a Bachelor of Science degree in
1471:"Eugene Garfield tells his life story (video)"
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400:. He was the founding editor and publisher of
626:"Scientometrics Pioneer Eugene Garfield Dies"
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16:American linguist and businessman (1925–2017)
8:
1587:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
1549:Essays of an Information Scientist vol. 1–15
1377:Annals of Library & Information Studies
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591:(PhD thesis). University of Pennsylvania.
365:Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)
348:in Baltimore, Maryland, where most of the
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27:
1326:"Do the social sciences need a shake-up?"
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390:(SCI), and other citation databases, the
274:, among others, and founded the magazine
244:and businessman, one of the founders of
736:Garfield, Eugene (September 16, 2005).
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1506:Williams, Robert V. (July 29, 1997).
1390:"Derek de Solla Price Memorial Medal"
1110:Williams, Robert V. (July 29, 1997).
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908:
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904:
830:"Deeds and Dreams of Eugene Garfield"
7:
437:Institute for Scientific Information
296:in New York City. He studied at the
142:Institute for Scientific Information
1597:University of South Florida faculty
632:. February 27, 2017. Archived from
552:of the Department of Pharmacology,
519:Derek de Solla Price Memorial Medal
166:Derek de Solla Price Memorial Medal
1602:Columbia College (New York) alumni
1298:Buranyi, Stephen (June 27, 2017).
1165:"Thomson Corporation acquired ISI"
302:University of California, Berkeley
14:
1607:University of Pennsylvania alumni
1053:Journal of Chemical Documentation
1029:. Medford, NJ: ASIS. p. 17.
799:. October 6, 2010. Archived from
915:Wouters, Paul (March 23, 2017).
650:. PR Newswire. February 27, 2017
525:in 2007. He was elected to the
1546:Garfield, Eugene (1962–1993).
765:"History of Citation Indexing"
527:American Philosophical Society
502:Garfield was honored with the
447:made it possible to calculate
363:In 1956, Garfield founded the
1:
1330:THE World University Rankings
917:"Eugene Garfield (1925–2017)"
587:Garfield, Eugene Eli (1961).
425:'s highly cited 1945 article
21:For the American lawyer, see
1517:Chemical Heritage Foundation
1218:10.1126/science.122.3159.108
1121:Chemical Heritage Foundation
706:10.1126/science.122.3159.108
439:in 1956 (it was sold to the
421:Following ideas inspired by
350:National Library of Medicine
1353:Gallagher, Richard (2017).
1173:. July 1992. Archived from
983:"Eugene Garfield Biography"
874:Wedgeworth, Robert (1993).
408:University of South Florida
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838:University of Pennsylvania
523:Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award
515:John Price Wetherill Medal
318:University of Pennsylvania
182:Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award
158:John Price Wetherill Medal
106:University of Pennsylvania
20:
1612:People from New York City
1498:Science History Institute
1491:Center for Oral History.
1423:Science History Institute
554:University College London
218:
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37:
1010:. London. Archived from
393:Journal Citation Reports
346:Johns Hopkins University
284:Early life and education
267:Journal Citation Reports
1075:2027/mdp.39015028143462
1025:Cronin, Blaise (2000).
548:, No. 69, Winter 2007,
414:. In 2007, he launched
1007:Times Higher Education
445:Science Citation Index
412:Alice G. Smith Lecture
387:Science Citation Index
298:University of Colorado
261:Science Citation Index
252:. He helped to create
174:Alice G. Smith Lecture
137:Science Citation Index
1365:on February 28, 2017.
1359:annualreviewsnews.org
1269:10.1001/jama.295.1.90
636:on February 28, 2017.
478:algorithms, like the
476:information retrieval
463:were core for all of
326:chemical nomenclature
1515:. Philadelphia, PA:
1450:search.amphilsoc.org
1446:"APS Member History"
1119:. Philadelphia, PA:
1027:The Web on Knowledge
1000:Elmes, John (2017).
772:Web of Science Group
54:Eugene Eli Garfinkle
1261:2006JAMA..295...90G
1210:1955Sci...122..108G
1066:10.1021/c160006a021
933:2017Natur.543..492W
698:1955Sci...122..108G
513:He was awarded the
441:Thomson Corporation
373:Clarivate Analytics
358:Shepard's Citations
336:Career and research
310:Columbia University
238:Eugene Eli Garfield
101:Columbia University
804:(Available online)
774:. October 15, 2010
768:(Available online)
64:September 16, 1925
23:Eugene K. Garfield
1493:"Eugene Garfield"
1014:on March 2, 2017.
556:, described the "
529:that same year.
498:Honors and awards
330:chemical formulas
290:Lithuanian Jewish
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195:Scientific career
78:February 26, 2017
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1555:. ISI Press.
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