2206:
2195:
2201:
229:
2212:
188:
2235:
1056:
60:
495:
While other dromaeosaurids filled a variety of specialized ecological niches, mainly those of small predators or larger fish-eating forms, eudromaeosaurs functioned as large-bodied predators of often medium- to large-sized prey. Aside from their generally larger size, eudromaeosaurs are characterized
590:
is still uncertain. The
Dromaeosaurinae are usually found to consist of medium- to giant-sized species, with generally box-shaped skulls (the other subfamilies generally have narrower snouts). A number of eudromaeosaurs have not been assigned to any particular subfamily, because they are too poorly
505:
The second distinguishing characteristic of eudromaeosaurs is an expanded and enlarged "heel" on the last bone in the second toe (phalanx), which bore the enlarged, sickle-like toe claw. Finally, the first bone of the second toe also possessed an enlarged expansion at the joint, another adaptation
502:, these grooves ran parallel to each other on either side of the claw along its length. In eudromaeosaurs, the grooves were asymmetrical, with the inner one split into two distinct grooves and elevated toward the top of the claw, while the single outer groove remained positioned at the midline.
1089:
Joeckel, R. M.; Ludvigson, G.; Moeller, A.; Hotton, C. L.; Suarez, M. B.; Suarez, C. A.; Sames, B.; Kirkland, J. I.; Hendrix, B. (2019). "Chronostratigraphy and
Terrestrial Palaeoclimatology of Berriasian–Hauterivian Strata of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA".
611:
in 2013. Their analysis used an updated version of the dataset originally compiled by Nick
Longrich and Phil Currie to study dromaeosaurid relationships, and found a relatively traditional arrangement of eudromaeosaurian relationships.
506:
relating to the unusually enlarged claw, and which helped the animal hold the claw high off the ground. Also unlike their more basal relatives, the sickle claw of eudromaeosaurs was sharper and more blade-like. In
561:
The subgroups of
Eudromaeosauria frequently shift in content based on new analysis, but typically consist of the following groups. For example, the subfamily Velociraptorinae has traditionally included
554:, their most recent common ancestor and all of its other descendants. The various "subfamilies" have also been redefined as clades, usually defined as all species closer to the group's namesake than to
496:
by several features of the foot. First, differences existed in the positions of the grooves that anchored blood vessels and keratin sheathes of the toe claws. In primitive dromaeosaurids like
1319:
Evans, D. C.; Larson, D. W.; Currie, P. J. (2013). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) with Asian affinities from the latest
Cretaceous of North America".
1388:
1260:
1127:"The first record of velociraptorine dinosaurs (Saurischia, Theropoda) from the Wealden (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) of southern England"
2228:
1069:
2205:
2194:
228:
1381:
2211:
2200:
30:
667:
911:
812:
432:
Eudromaeosaur fossils are known almost exclusively from the northern hemisphere. They first appeared during the
1485:
1374:
887:
458:
1275:
2315:
778:
733:
2255:
969:
935:
829:
716:
2287:
2238:
1295:
650:
1539:
1328:
1213:
90:
86:
1956:
636:
527:
479:
387:
75:
1693:
1512:
1352:
1287:
1107:
223:
2292:
1160:
422:(with diets consisting almost entirely of other terrestrial vertebrates) that flourished in the
2153:
2044:
1980:
1876:
1669:
1344:
1241:
576:
2077:
2023:
1883:
1861:
1336:
1279:
1271:
1231:
1221:
1175:
1141:
1099:
1061:
852:
531:
470:
433:
426:
395:
69:
187:
2137:
1991:
1607:
1585:
1551:
1470:
1397:
763:
511:
437:
409:
379:
312:
81:
1202:"A microraptorine (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America"
1332:
1217:
1795:
1236:
1201:
952:
419:
1161:"Velociraptorine dromaeosaurid teeth from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Germany"
1126:
2309:
2116:
2030:
1922:
1907:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1822:
1757:
1750:
1679:
1111:
795:
498:
441:
360:
145:
1356:
1291:
2175:
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2007:
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1965:
1944:
1929:
1868:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1711:
1658:
1643:
592:
564:
540:
507:
484:
209:
1145:
2130:
2108:
2059:
2015:
1972:
1937:
1915:
1854:
1765:
1700:
1524:
570:
546:
466:
370:
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215:
203:
120:
2123:
2100:
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1803:
1772:
1650:
1628:
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1427:
1340:
1051:
474:
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286:
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130:
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2161:
2093:
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1780:
1686:
1497:
1445:
1226:
299:
240:
170:
1348:
1261:"A small derived theropod from Öösh, Early Cretaceous, Baykhangor Mongolia"
1245:
1103:
451:). The earliest known definitive eudromaeosaur is the large dromaeosaurine
1180:
2272:
2145:
2066:
2037:
1811:
1621:
1421:
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412:
273:
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155:
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125:
2168:
1454:
582:
175:
150:
1743:
1635:
1415:
1283:
250:
2249:
446:
195:
Eudromaeosauria diversity, featuring from top left to lower right:
1366:
523:
2253:
1408:
1370:
53:
1276:
10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3557[1:ASDTFS]2.0.CO;2
1195:
1193:
1191:
534:
in 2009, as the most inclusive natural group containing
34:
1159:
Van der Lubbe, T.; Richter, U.; Knotschke, N. (2009).
392:
384:
376:
366:
356:
346:
2262:
2076:
1990:
1955:
1893:
1821:
1710:
1668:
1605:
1550:
1523:
1496:
1469:
408:("true dromaeosaurs") is a subgroup of terrestrial
1092:Geological Society of London, Special Publications
522:Eudromaeosauria was first defined as a node-based
607:The below cladogram follows an analysis by Evans
1259:Turner, A.S.; Hwang, S.H.; Norell, M.A. (2007).
586:lent support to this grouping, the inclusion of
483:and several indeterminate teeth dating to the
1382:
8:
418:. They were small to large-sized, feathered
18:
2250:
1899:
1613:
1602:
1529:
1502:
1475:
1466:
1405:
1389:
1375:
1367:
186:
106:
1235:
1225:
1179:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
1081:
20:
591:preserved to be placed confidently in
1200:Longrich, N.R.; Currie, P.J. (2009).
558:or any namesakes of other subclades.
7:
487:stage may represent eudromaeosaurs.
927:
903:
879:
859:
770:
758:
708:
701:
642:
632:
625:
615:
514:, the claw is broader at its base.
1070:Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
436:and survived until the end of the
49:
2234:
2233:
2210:
2204:
2199:
2193:
1054:
457:, from the Yellow Cat Member of
227:
58:
1:
1168:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1146:10.1016/j.cretres.2004.01.004
580:, and while the discovery of
668:Saurornitholestes langstoni
333:Longrich & Currie, 2009
67:It has been suggested that
2332:
96:Proposed since April 2024.
51:Extinct clade of dinosaurs
2223:
2191:
1902:
1616:
1601:
1582:
1532:
1505:
1478:
1465:
1404:
1341:10.1007/s00114-013-1107-5
1268:American Museum Novitates
966:
949:
932:
925:
912:Velociraptor mongoliensis
908:
901:
884:
877:
864:
857:
826:
813:Dromaeosaurus albertensis
809:
792:
775:
768:
756:
730:
713:
706:
699:
664:
647:
640:
630:
623:
343:
338:
224:Scientific classification
222:
194:
185:
109:
888:Acheroraptor temertyorum
459:Cedar Mountain Formation
31:latest accepted revision
1227:10.1073/pnas.0811664106
779:Achillobator giganticus
734:Deinonychus antirrhopus
449: million years ago
1125:Sweetman S.C. (2004).
1104:10.1144/SP498-2018-133
970:Velociraptor osmolskae
936:Adasaurus mongoliensis
830:Utahraptor ostrommaysi
717:Atrociraptor marshalli
595:analysis (see section
454:Utahraptor ostrommaysi
2288:Paleobiology Database
1181:10.4202/app.2008.0007
651:Bambiraptor feinbergi
461:, dated between the
89:into this article. (
1957:Saurornitholestinae
1333:2013NW....100.1041E
1321:Naturwissenschaften
1218:2009PNAS..106.5002L
1134:Cretaceous Research
637:Saurornitholestinae
480:Nuthetes destructor
388:Saurornitholestinae
76:Saurornitholestinae
21:Page version status
27:
2303:
2302:
2256:Taxon identifiers
2247:
2246:
2219:
2218:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2154:Saurornitholestes
2045:Saurornitholestes
1981:Saurornitholestes
1670:Halszkaraptorinae
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
990:
989:
981:
980:
841:
840:
745:
744:
688:
687:
679:
678:
588:Saurornitholestes
577:Saurornitholestes
552:Saurornitholestes
403:
402:
334:
110:Eudromaeosaurians
103:
102:
98:
2323:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2251:
2237:
2236:
2214:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2078:Velociraptorinae
2024:Dromaeosauroides
1900:
1884:Zhongjianosaurus
1862:Sinornithosaurus
1614:
1603:
1530:
1503:
1476:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1406:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1294:. Archived from
1265:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1197:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1086:
1064:
1062:Dinosaurs portal
1059:
1058:
1057:
928:
904:
880:
860:
853:Velociraptorinae
771:
759:
709:
702:
643:
633:
626:
616:
532:Philip J. Currie
471:Early Cretaceous
450:
434:Early Cretaceous
396:Velociraptorinae
394:
386:
378:
368:
358:
348:
332:
327:
311:
232:
231:
190:
180:
117:
113:Temporal range:
107:
94:
70:Velociraptorinae
62:
61:
54:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2264:Eudromaeosauria
2258:
2248:
2243:
2215:
2181:
2138:Luanchuanraptor
2072:
1992:Dromaeosaurinae
1986:
1951:
1895:Eudromaeosauria
1889:
1817:
1706:
1664:
1610:
1608:Dromaeosauridae
1589:
1586:Dromaeosauridae
1566:
1552:Dromaeosauridae
1546:
1519:
1492:
1486:Avemetatarsalia
1471:Avemetatarsalia
1461:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1398:Dromaeosauridae
1395:
1365:
1364:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1199:
1198:
1189:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
982:
842:
764:Dromaeosaurinae
746:
689:
680:
620:Eudromaeosauria
605:
520:
512:microraptorines
493:
445:
438:Late Cretaceous
420:hypercarnivores
406:Eudromaeosauria
380:Dromaeosaurinae
331:
329:Eudromaeosauria
325:
313:Dromaeosauridae
309:
226:
181:
179:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
115:
114:
111:
99:
82:Dromaeosaurinae
63:
59:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
2329:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2316:Eudromaeosaurs
2308:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2284:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1796:Unquillosaurus
1792:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1625:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
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1489:
1488:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1327:(11): 1041–9.
1311:
1270:(3557): 1–27.
1251:
1212:(13): 5002–7.
1187:
1174:(3): 401–408.
1151:
1140:(3): 353–364.
1117:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
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1066:
1065:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
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1023:
1020:
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1005:
1002:
1001:
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993:
992:
988:
987:
984:
983:
979:
978:
975:
974:
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962:
961:
958:
957:
953:Tsaagan mangas
948:
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926:
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883:
878:
876:
873:
872:
869:
868:
863:
858:
856:
848:
847:
844:
843:
839:
838:
835:
834:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
774:
769:
767:
757:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
738:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
712:
707:
705:
700:
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690:
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685:
682:
681:
677:
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672:
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659:
656:
655:
646:
641:
639:
631:
629:
624:
622:
614:
604:
601:
519:
518:Classification
516:
492:
489:
401:
400:
399:
398:
390:
382:
374:
364:
354:
341:
340:
336:
335:
323:
316:
315:
307:
303:
302:
297:
290:
289:
284:
277:
276:
271:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
220:
219:
192:
191:
183:
182:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
118:
112:
101:
100:
66:
64:
57:
50:
48:
28:
22:
19:
17:
16:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2328:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2240:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2117:Kansaignathus
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2031:Dromaeosaurus
2028:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1923:Dineobellator
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:Hesperonychus
1844:
1842:
1841:
1840:Graciliraptor
1837:
1835:
1834:
1833:Changyuraptor
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:Microraptoria
1820:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:Ornithodesmus
1755:
1753:
1752:
1751:Neuquenraptor
1748:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
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2014:
2008:Dakotaraptor
2006:
2001:Achillobator
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1966:Atrociraptor
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1945:Zhenyuanlong
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1930:Tianyuraptor
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1727:
1722:Austroraptor
1720:
1712:Unenlagiinae
1699:
1692:
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1659:Zhenyuanlong
1657:
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1644:Tianyuraptor
1642:
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1303:. Retrieved
1296:the original
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541:Velociraptor
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508:unenlagiines
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208:
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104:
95:
80:
74:
68:
39:28 July 2024
38:
29:This is the
23:
2131:Linheraptor
2109:Deinonychus
2060:Yurgovuchia
2016:Deinonychus
1973:Bambiraptor
1938:Vectiraptor
1916:Bambiraptor
1855:Microraptor
1766:Pamparaptor
1701:Natovenator
1540:Maniraptora
1525:Maniraptora
866:IGN 100/23
571:Deinonychus
547:Deinonychus
491:Description
467:Hauterivian
371:Vectiraptor
351:Deinonychus
216:Bambiraptor
204:Deinonychus
2227:See also:
2101:Boreonykus
2053:Utahraptor
1804:Variraptor
1773:Pyroraptor
1651:Variraptor
1629:Pyroraptor
1561:see below↓
1437:Dinosauria
1428:Sauropsida
1305:2007-03-29
1098:: 75–100.
1076:References
475:Berriasian
463:Berriasian
424:Cretaceous
339:Subgroups
287:Saurischia
274:Dinosauria
198:Utahraptor
116:Cretaceous
2094:Adasaurus
1789:Unenlagia
1781:Rahonavis
1687:Hulsanpes
1513:Theropoda
1498:Theropoda
1446:Theropoda
1414:Kingdom:
1284:2246/5845
1112:210296827
416:dinosaurs
300:Theropoda
247:Kingdom:
241:Eukaryota
2310:Category
2273:Wikidata
2239:Category
2229:Timeline
2146:Nuthetes
2067:Zapsalis
2038:Itemirus
1812:Ypupiara
1694:Mahakala
1622:Daurlong
1422:Chordata
1420:Phylum:
1416:Animalia
1357:14978813
1349:24248432
1292:31096081
1246:19289829
1048:See also
599:below).
413:theropod
306:Family:
261:Chordata
257:Phylum:
251:Animalia
237:Domain:
35:reviewed
2279:Q897132
2169:Tsaagan
1455:Paraves
1426:Class:
1329:Bibcode
1237:2664043
1214:Bibcode
855:
766:
583:Tsaagan
444:stage,
91:Discuss
2293:143994
1908:Balaur
1877:Wulong
1744:Diuqin
1636:Shanag
1355:
1347:
1290:
1244:
1234:
1110:
851:
762:
609:et al.
574:, and
550:, and
477:taxon
473:. The
427:Period
87:merged
1451:Clade
1442:Clade
1433:Clade
1353:S2CID
1299:(PDF)
1288:S2CID
1264:(PDF)
1164:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
1108:S2CID
524:clade
320:Clade
294:Clade
281:Clade
268:Clade
2162:Shri
2124:Kuru
1538:see
1511:see
1484:see
1345:PMID
1242:PMID
1206:PNAS
530:and
510:and
465:and
213:and
121:PreꞒ
79:and
1337:doi
1325:100
1280:hdl
1272:doi
1232:PMC
1222:doi
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1176:doi
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1100:doi
1096:498
526:by
85:be
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1204:.
1190:^
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1106:.
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322::
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161:J
156:T
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141:D
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126:Ꞓ
93:)
41:.
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