216:), a women's rights organization founded to achieve gender equality. By 1906, she was serving on the board of the organization and was giving lectures for parent conferences the organization sponsored. The lectures covered a variety of topics including education, health, including sex education, and employment training. In addition, she wrote and published articles in journals like
293:. She also pressed for educational opportunities for women and in 1923, sent a memorandum to the government, signed by other FE members as well, denouncing the Budapest Medical University's decision to bar female students from enrollment. Meller also wrote articles stressing the importance of equal pay and access to unemployment benefits for men and women.
262:, who headed the political committee focused on suffrage, when Schwimmer was unable to fulfill the obligations of the chair. In 1913, Meller authored a critique of the Hungarian Civil Code's marriage regulations, while simultaneously serving as a member of the committee responsible for the preparations for the
167:(WILPF) arguing for disarmament and urging the passage of international laws codifying citizenship regulations to protect women. Though she had converted to Lutheranism, she was arrested when the Nazis invaded Hungary in 1944 and disappeared. In 1946, she was posthumously honored for her humanitarian works.
374:
found evidence that Meller may have survived the war. A credit application by her dated 13 August 1945, which was not authenticated because it did not bear Meller's signature, was submitted to the municipal authorities of
Budapest to reconstruct a property her husband had owned. A guardianship of his
284:
and prevention by authorities of the 1916 Feminist
Congress, which Meller had planned to use as a public demonstration against the war. When the war ended, Meller resumed her pressure for suffrage and when partial suffrage was granted in 1919, urged members of the FE to support the only female
187:
family of Laura (née Weisz or Weiss) and Adolf
Miskolczy. She was the only surviving child of the family, as her older brother József, aged six, died in 1876; her sister Irén, aged five, died in 1879; and her sister Laura, aged four, died in 1883. Her father was a craftsman originally from
312:
platform, and pressing for international legislation to address statelessness and lack of legal protections for women. On one of those trips in 1924, Meller came to the United States and participated in several speaking engagements for WILPF. In 1932, in protest of the execution of
31:
296:
During the interwar period, Meller, who spoke fluent
English and French, was employed by the Társadalmi Múzeum, the social museum of Budapest, as well as a language instructor. In 1923, she served as a consultant on the executive meeting of the WILPF held in
1028:
280:
and was one of the main forces which drove FE to endorse pacifism, while other feminist organizations remained focused on supporting the war effort. The stance resulted in censorship of
289:, in spite of Slachta's positions, which they considered to be anti-feminist. That same year, Meller and her family converted to Lutheranism and she attended the WILPF conference in
248:
164:
669:"Diverse Constructions: Feminist And Conservative Women's Movements And Their Contribution To The (Re-)Construction Of Gender Relations In Hungary After The First World War"
998:
1013:
308:
From the 1920s to 1935, she participated in the international congresses of IWSA and WILPF, urging disarmament, lobbying for women's issues to be part of the
865:
1018:
151:; 14 January 1872 – 1944/1945) was one of the most active feminists and women's rights activists in Hungary from the turn of the century to the
802:
891:"'It is a strange thing not to belong to any country, as is my case now.' Fascism, Refugees, Statelessness, and Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948)"
854:
783:
754:
680:
263:
1048:
993:
375:
mother was granted to her son, Vilmos Meller, on 12 October 1945, who eventually applied in his own name to restore the property in 1948.
890:
901:
1043:
988:
347:
to emigrate to the United States. Catt refused on the grounds of her age and the responsibility that such an affidavit would entail.
1033:
843:
Pető, Andrea (2007). "An Untold Story about the
Feminist Association". In Gazsi, Judit; Pető, Andrea; Toronyi, Zsuzsanna (eds.).
772:
Biographical dictionary of women's movements and feminisms in
Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th centuries
692:
1023:
1008:
189:
1038:
159:, she served as a leader for many of the organizations committees and events, arguing for gender equality, as well as
382:
carried a notice that Meller had been posthumously awarded the silver honorarium of the
Hungarian Order of Freedom.
370:
The circumstances of Meller's death are murky. Some sources state she died in captivity at
Kistarcsa in late 1944.
873:
1003:
936:
197:
196:. After being privately educated in music and languages, Miskolczy married Artúr Meller, an inspector at the
240:), which called for civil inequalities for men and women to be addressed. Meller would become the editor of
983:
952:
335:, Meller wrote a pamphlet against using capital punishment for those accused of political crimes. When
978:
775:
766:
355:
156:
344:
340:
160:
314:
269:
When
Schwimmer moved to London in 1914, Meller became de facto leader of the political committee.
831:
729:
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325:
233:
221:
209:
144:
302:
30:
913:
800:(August 2014). "Broken continuities and silencing the feminist legacy of the First World War".
905:
850:
823:
811:
779:
750:
742:
713:
701:
676:
668:
309:
305:, who was the president of FE died, Meller became the recognized leader of the organization.
815:
705:
259:
350:
The FE was forced to dissolve in 1941 by the authorities and Meller became a target of the
319:
301:
and in 1926, she served as a delegate to the Paris Peace
Congress The following year, when
180:
152:
65:
36:
797:
371:
286:
184:
972:
835:
733:
244:, as well as a lecturer who traveled throughout Hungary speaking on women's issues.
953:"Memorandum in re: Delegates to Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"
789:
955:. Washington, D. C.: Federal Bureau of Investigation. 28 April 1924. file 100-607
932:
273:
709:
476:
474:
472:
470:
330:
819:
909:
827:
717:
208:
In 1904, Meller was one of the founding members of the Feminist Association (
359:
336:
200:
in 1896. The couple had four children: Vilmos, Laura, Erzsébet and Rózsa.
743:"Development Defined by Paradoxes: Hungarian History and Female Suffrage"
277:
176:
61:
351:
298:
725:
872:(in Hungarian). Budapest, Hungary: A Nőkért Egyesület. Archived from
770:. In de Haan, Francisca; Daskalova, Krassimira; Loutfi, Anna (eds.).
747:
The Struggle for Female Suffrage in Europe: Voting to Become Citizens
290:
252:
673:
Aftermaths of War: Women's Movements and Female Activists, 1918-1923
457:
455:
844:
774:. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. pp.
595:
593:
591:
339:
in 1938, Meller's colleague, Rosika Schwimmer tried to persuade
258:
As early as 1912, Meller had begun to serve as a substitute for
193:
96:
Eugénia Miskolczi, Mrs. Artur Meller, Eugénia Mellerné-Miskolczy
493:
491:
489:
480:
403:
401:
399:
524:
522:
520:
518:
1029:
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom people
611:
285:
candidate to run in the parliamentary elections of 1920,
745:. In Rodriguez Ruiz, Blanca; Rubio-Marín, Ruth (eds.).
578:
576:
539:
537:
430:
428:
749:. Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL. pp. 421–438.
690:
Ignotus, Paul (1966). "Radical Writers in Hungary".
675:. Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL. pp. 307–332.
358:
in March 1944, Meller was arrested and taken to the
124:
116:
108:
100:
92:
84:
72:
43:
21:
767:"Meller, Mrs Artur, Eugénia Miskolczy (1872–1944)"
765:
249:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
165:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
638:
175:Eugénia Miskolczy was born on 14 January 1872 in
35:1913, photograph for the Budapest conference by
650:
599:
567:
497:
461:
407:
343:to sign an affidavit allowing both Meller and
266:(IWSA) congress held in Budapest that year.
8:
671:. In Sharp, Ingrid; Stibbe, Matthew (eds.).
866:"Mellerné Miskolczy Eugénia (1872 - 1944)"
528:
509:
29:
18:
764:Papp, Claudia; Zimmermann, Susan (2006).
999:Hungarian Jews who died in the Holocaust
354:, who arrested her four times. When the
898:Rivista DEP: Deportate, Esuli, Profughe
849:. Budapest: Balassi. pp. 105–121.
626:
395:
555:
247:In 1909, she was a participant in the
264:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
163:. A pacifist, Meller worked with the
155:. One of the founding members of the
7:
1014:20th-century Hungarian women writers
582:
543:
481:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1924
446:
434:
419:
889:Wernitznig, Dagmar (January 2015).
803:European Journal of Women's Studies
192:and her mother was originally from
741:Kollonay-Lehoczky, Csilla (2012).
14:
864:Pető, Andrea (27 December 2016).
902:Ca' Foscari University of Venice
810:(3). Thousand Oaks, California:
700:(2). Thousand Oaks, California:
104:Women's rights activist, teacher
693:Journal of Contemporary History
1019:20th-century Hungarian writers
1:
1049:People from Austria-Hungary
994:19th-century Hungarian Jews
846:Gender, memory, and Judaism
1065:
933:"Special Services Tonight"
710:10.1177/002200946600100209
651:Papp & Zimmermann 2006
600:Papp & Zimmermann 2006
568:Papp & Zimmermann 2006
498:Papp & Zimmermann 2006
462:Papp & Zimmermann 2006
408:Papp & Zimmermann 2006
276:, Meller became active in
214:Feministák Egyesülete (FE)
149:Mellerné Miskolczy Eugénia
1044:Hungarian women activists
989:Politicians from Budapest
937:The Chicago Daily Tribune
820:10.1177/1350506814529629c
613:The Chicago Daily Tribune
337:the Nazis annexed Austria
251:(WILPF) congress held in
28:
939:. 30 May 1924. p. 2
362:detention camp in July.
356:Germans occupied Hungary
238:A Nő—Feminista Folyóirat
230:Woman—A feminist journal
198:National Bank of Hungary
141:Eugénia Miskolczy Meller
23:Eugénia Miskolczy Meller
1034:Activists from Budapest
667:Acsády, Judit (2011).
639:Kollonay-Lehoczky 2012
378:In December 1946, the
237:
225:
213:
148:
1024:Hungarian suffragists
935:. Chicago, Illinois:
900:(27). Venice, Italy:
570:, pp. 331, 333.
226:A Nő és a Társadalom
157:Feminist Association
1009:Hungarian feminists
464:, pp. 331–332.
345:Sarolta Steinberger
341:Carrie Chapman Catt
1039:Jewish suffragists
16:Hungarian feminist
856:978-963-506-742-8
812:SAGE Publications
785:978-9-637-32639-4
756:978-90-04-22425-4
702:SAGE Publications
682:978-90-04-19172-3
310:League of Nations
218:Women and Society
138:
137:
109:Years active
48:Eugénia Miskolczy
1056:
1004:Jewish feminists
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962:
960:
948:
946:
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919:on 19 April 2017
918:
912:. Archived from
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366:Death and legacy
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260:Rosika Schwimmer
190:Hódmezővásárhely
185:Hungarian-Jewish
161:women's suffrage
93:Other names
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510:Wernitznig 2015
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303:Vilma Glücklich
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181:Austria-Hungary
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153:interwar period
133:
131:
129:
80:
77:
68:
66:Austria-Hungary
59:
58:14 January 1872
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5:
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870:Nőkért Hungary
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738:
687:
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663:
661:
658:
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653:, p. 335.
643:
641:, p. 430.
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629:, p. 160.
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602:, p. 334.
587:
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548:
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533:
531:, p. 108.
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502:
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439:
437:, p. 304.
424:
422:, p. 116.
412:
410:, p. 331.
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387:
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380:Magyar Közlöny
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287:Margit Slachta
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101:Occupation(s)
99:
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91:
87:
83:
75:
71:
67:
63:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
984:1940s deaths
957:. Retrieved
941:. Retrieved
921:. Retrieved
914:the original
897:
878:. Retrieved
874:the original
869:
845:
807:
801:
798:Pető, Andrea
790:Project MUSE
788:– via
771:
746:
697:
691:
672:
660:Bibliography
646:
634:
627:Ignotus 1966
622:
617:, p. 2.
612:
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315:Sándor Fürst
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241:
229:
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207:
174:
140:
139:
120:Artúr Meller
979:1872 births
814:: 304–307.
704:: 149–167.
556:Acsády 2011
372:Andrea Pető
329: [
326:Imre Sallai
318: [
274:World War I
85:Nationality
973:Categories
386:References
171:Early life
54:1872-01-14
910:1824-4483
836:147123966
828:1350-5068
734:159171813
718:0022-0094
583:Pető 2007
544:Pető 2007
447:Pető 2016
435:Pető 2014
420:Pető 2007
391:Citations
360:Kistarcsa
234:Hungarian
222:Hungarian
210:Hungarian
145:Hungarian
132:Erzsébet
112:1904-1941
88:Hungarian
76:1944/1945
37:Olga Máté
959:19 April
943:19 April
923:19 April
880:19 April
278:pacifism
177:Budapest
125:Children
62:Budapest
776:331–335
352:Gestapo
299:Dresden
272:During
183:to the
128:Vilmos
79:Hungary
908:
853:
834:
826:
782:
753:
732:
726:259928
724:
716:
679:
291:Geneva
253:London
228:) and
204:Career
130:Laura
117:Spouse
917:(PDF)
894:(PDF)
832:S2CID
730:S2CID
722:JSTOR
333:]
322:]
282:Woman
242:Woman
134:Rózsa
961:2017
945:2017
925:2017
906:ISSN
882:2017
851:ISBN
824:ISSN
780:ISBN
751:ISBN
714:ISSN
677:ISBN
615:1924
324:and
194:Buda
73:Died
44:Born
816:doi
706:doi
255:.
975::
904:.
896:.
868:.
830:.
822:.
808:21
806:.
778:.
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696:.
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331:hu
320:hu
236::
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232:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
