1890:(1872) by Amilcare Ponchielli. For almost a century after this, the euphonium solo repertoire consisted of only a dozen or so virtuosic pieces, mostly light in character. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, American composers began to write the first of the "new school" of serious, artistic solo works specifically for euphonium. Since then, there has been a virtual explosion of solo repertoire for the euphonium. In a mere four decades, the solo literature has expanded from virtually zero to thousands of pieces. More and more composers have become aware of the tremendous soloistic capabilities of the euphonium, and have constantly "pushed the envelope" with new literature in terms of tessitura, endurance, technical demands, and extended techniques.
213:
1450:, featuring a second smaller bell in addition to the main one; the player could switch bells for certain passages or even for individual notes by use of an additional valve, operated with the left hand. Ostensibly, the smaller bell was intended to emulate the sound of a trombone (it was cylindrical-bore) and was possibly intended for performance situations in which trombones were not available. The extent to which the difference in sound and timbre was apparent to the listener, however, is up for debate. Michele Raffayolo of the Patrick S. Gilmore band introduced the instrument in the U.S. by 1880, and it was used widely in both school and service bands for several decades.
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1033:
142:
1454:(see "List of important players" below) brought the British-style compensating euphonium to the United States c. 1939, but the double-belled euphonium may have remained in common use even into the 1950s and 1960s. In any case, they have become rare (they were last in Conn's advertisements in the 1940s, and King's catalog in the 1960s), and are generally unknown to younger players. They are chiefly known now through their mention in the song "
1201:. Beginner models often have only the three top-action valves, while some intermediate "student" models may have a fourth top-action valve, played with the fourth finger of the right hand. Compensating systems are expensive to build, and there is in general a substantial difference in price between compensating and non-compensating models. For a thorough discussion of the valves and the compensation system, see the article on
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1692:(1976–91); former professor of euphonium at the University of North Texas, co-editor of "Arban's Method for Trombone and Euphonium". Bowman innovated a fusion of the mellow British sound with deep passion heard in Falcone recordings, becoming the best known American artist at the end of the 20th century through recording, teaching and the first euphonium recital at
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1741:, the first Brazilian typical music. Irineu was an active composer, euphoniumist, ophicleidist and professor, and has participated in the first commercial recordings of brazilian music, from 1900 onwards, in Rio de Janeiro, playing both euphonium and ophicleide, as a composer, soloist and counterpointist. De Almeida was also professor of the prodigy
1089:, it was notoriously difficult to control its pitch and tone quality due to its disproportionately small open finger holes. The ophicleide, which was used in bands and orchestras for a few decades in the early to mid-19th century, used a system of keys and was an improvement over the serpent but was still unreliable, especially in the high register.
1416:. Not all four-valve and three-plus-one-valve euphoniums are compensating. Only those designed with extra tubing are compensating. There were, at one time, three-valve compensating euphoniums available. This configuration utilized extra tubing, just as the three-plus-one compensating models did, in order to bring the notes C
886:. The difference is that the conical bore size of the baritone horn is typically smaller than that of the euphonium. It is controversial whether this is sufficient to make them two different instruments. In the trombone family large and small bore trombones are both called trombones, while the cylindrical
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Depending on the manufacturer, the weight of these instruments can be straining to the average marcher and require great strength to hold during practices and performances, leading to nerve problems in the right pinky, a callus on the left hand, and possibly back and arm problems. Marching euphoniums
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made by various brass instrument companies during the same time period. Some of the double-bell euphoniums had five valves, with the fifth valve either not on top with the other four, or by itself off to the side, but the double-bell fifth valve was used for switching the sound to the second smaller
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Another form of the marching euphonium is the convertible euphonium. Recently widely produced, the horn resembles a convertible tuba, being able to change from a concert upright to a marching forward bell on either the left or right shoulder. These are mainly produced by
Jupiter or Yamaha, but other
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Though the euphonium was, as previously noted, embraced from its earliest days by composers and arrangers in band settings, orchestral composers have, by and large, not taken advantage of this capability. There are, nevertheless, several orchestral works, a few of which are standard repertoire, in
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In the current age, there has been a huge number of new commissions and repertoire development and promotion through Steven Mead's World of the
Euphonium Series and the Beyond the Horizon series from Euphonium.com. There has also been a vast number of new commissions by more and more players and a
1745:, who later became the most important developer of the whole genre of Choro, and one of the most important creators in Brazilian music history. Due to Irineu Batina and his contemporaries, the bombardino is an essential part of the genre of Choro, which is an intangible cultural heritage in Brazil.
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German
Ferdinand Sommer, if one discounts the claims of Moritz and Sax each of whose horns also approached a euphonium in nature, in addition to being credited with inventing the euphonium as the Sommerhorn in 1843, as a soloist on the horn, qualifies as the first euphonium player to significantly
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Professional models have three top-action valves, played with the first three fingers of the right hand, plus a fourth valve, generally found midway down the right side of the instrument, played with the left index finger; such an instrument is shown at the top of this page. Such models also have
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The compensating euphonium is common among professionals. It utilizes a three-plus-one-valve system with three upright valves and one side valve. The compensating valve system uses extra tubing, usually coming off the back of the three upright valves, in order to achieve proper intonation in the
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Upon its invention, it was clear that the euphonium had, compared to its predecessors the serpent and ophicleide, a wide range and had a consistently rich, pleasing sound throughout that range. It was flexible both in tone quality and intonation and could blend well with a variety of ensembles,
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When
American composers also began writing for the concert band as its own artistic medium in the 1930s and 1940s, they continued the British brass and concert band tradition of using the euphonium as the principal tenor-voiced solo. This is not to say that composers, then and now, valued the
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Modern-day euphonium makers have been working to further enhance the construction of the instrument. Companies such as Adams and Besson have been leading the way in that respect. Adams euphoniums have developed an adjustable lead-pipe receiver, which allows players to change the timbre of the
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In contrast to the long-standing practice of extensive euphonium use in wind bands and orchestras, there was, until approximately forty years ago, literally no body of solo literature written specifically for the euphonium, and euphonium players were forced to borrow the literature of other
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down lies the "pedal range", i.e., the fundamentals of the instrument's harmonic series. They are easily produced on the euphonium as compared to other brass instruments, and the extent of the range depends on the make of the instrument in exactly the same way as just described. Thus, on a
1319:. While a truly characteristic euphonium sound is rather hard to define precisely, most players would agree that an ideal sound is dark, rich, warm, and velvety, with virtually no hardness to it. This also has to do with the different models preferred by British and American players.
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settings, especially in
Britain. It is no surprise, then, that when British composers – some of the same ones who were writing for brass bands – began to write serious, original music for the concert band in the early 20th century, they used the euphonium in a very similar role.
909:. While this instrument is a conical-cylindrical bore hybrid, somewhere between the classic baritone horn and euphonium, it was almost universally labelled a "baritone" by both band directors and composers, thus contributing to the confusion of terminology in the United States.
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1818, the construction of brass instruments with an even sound and facility of playing in all registers became possible. The euphonium is said to have been invented, as a "wide-bore, valved bugle of baritone range", by
Ferdinand Sommer of Weimar in 1843, though
1855:
1303:, the euphonium's tubing (excepting the tubing in the valve section, which is necessarily cylindrical) gradually increases in diameter throughout its length, resulting in a softer, gentler tone compared to cylindrical-bore instruments such as the
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proliferation of large-scale
Consortium Commissions that are occurring including current ones in 2008 and 2009 organized by Brian Meixner (Libby Larson), Adam Frey (The Euphonium Foundation Consortium), and Jason Ham (David Gillingham).
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Though the euphonium's fingerings are no different from those of the trumpet or tuba, beginning euphoniumists will likely experience significant problems with intonation, response and range compared to other beginning brass players.
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and non-fingering positions by which sound is produced. The Besson and the
Highams "clearbore" model rare fourth and fifth extra "side" valves change the possible fingering and non-fingering positions from eight to thirty-two.
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consists of solo literature and orchestral, or, more commonly, concert band parts written for the euphonium. Since its invention in 1843, the euphonium has been important in ensembles. While the
Euphonium is predominantly a
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Finally, the euphonium has, thanks to a handful of enterprising individuals, begun to make inroads in jazz, pop and other non-concert performance settings. One well-known euphonium player from the world of popular music is
905:, featuring three valves on the front of the instrument and a curved, forward-pointing bell, was dominant in American school bands throughout most of the 20th century, its weight, shape, and configuration conforming to the
1847:. Still, solo literature was slow to appear, consisting of only a handful of lighter solos until the 1960s. Since then, however, the breadth and depth of the solo euphonium repertoire has increased dramatically.
2750:
1085:. The search for a satisfactory foundational wind instrument that could support massed sound above its pitch took many years. While the serpent was used for over two centuries dating back to the late
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were invented at about the same time and the bass saxhorn is very similar to a euphonium, there are also differences—such as the bass saxhorn being narrower throughout the length of the instrument.
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1930:
1602:, to enlarge it and make it more resonant thereby creating the first true euphonium which he went on to popularize as a performer and author of an early instructional method for tenor brass.
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instruments. Fortunately, given the instrument's multifaceted capabilities discussed above, solos for many different instruments are easily adaptable to performance on the euphonium.
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instrument to whatever they find preferable. Besson has been credited with introducing an adjustable main tuning-slide trigger, which allows players more flexibility with intonation.
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euphonium only for its lyrical capabilities. Indeed, examination of a large body of concert band literature reveals that the euphonium functions as a "jack of all trades."
1495:. Typically in a drum corps, there will be two baritone parts and one euphonium part, with the euphonium playing the lower parts comparatively. Some corps (such as the
1010:, may have influenced Americans to adopt the name "baritone" for the instrument, due to the influx of German musicians to the United States in the nineteenth century.
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The five-valve euphonium (non-compensating) is an extremely rare variation of the euphonium manufactured in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by
Britain's
1499:) march all-euphonium sections rather than only marching baritone or a mix of both. In high school marching bands, the two will often be used interchangeably.
1646:(1873–1951), an Italian-born American baritone horn/euphonium virtuoso and also trombone artist at the start of the 20th century. Playing as soloist with the
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are given different names. As with the trumpet and flugelhorn, the two instruments are easily doubled by one player, with some modification of breath and
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tradition, euphonium music is always written this way. In continental European band music, parts for the euphonium may be written in the bass clef as a B
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noted for winning several prestigious international competitions and advancing the British euphonium sound through broadcast as well as recording media.
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1898:, the New Zealand musician who began his musical career as an orchestral brass player before finding success in popular music with bands such as
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1674:, (1917–2009), American euphonium soloist known as 'Art', Recording Artist, United States Marine Band, noted euphonium author of works such as
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863:. In British brass bands, it is typically treated as a treble-clef instrument, while in American band music, parts may be written in either
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in tune. This three-valve compensating configuration is still available in British style baritone horns, usually on professional models.
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Schudel, Matt (28 June 2009). "Arthur W. Lehman, 91, Retired Sergeant Played Euphonium With the Marine Band". The Washington Post.
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which composers have called for instruments, such as the Wagner tuba, for which euphonium is commonly substituted in the present.
2012:
1664:, and teacher of many noted euphonium artists. Falcone advanced an operatic passionate baritone style and is the namesake of the
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Bierley, Paul A., The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa, Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 2006
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Irineu de Almeida (known as Irineu Batina) (1863-1916), one of the most influential musicians and professors of the genre of
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Bands, Mantia was the first euphonium virtuoso to record and popularized this non-orchestral instrument in the United States.
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Several late 19th century music catalogs (such as Pepper and Lyon & Healy) sold a euphonium-like instrument called the "B
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horizontally not on top, but had an additional two piston valves off to the side. The standard euphonium has eight possible
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A person who plays the euphonium is known as a euphoniumist, a euphonist, a euphophonist or simply a euphonium player.
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1241:. The lowest notes obtainable depend on the valve set-up of the instrument. All instruments are chromatic down to E
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Morin, Alexander J., Classical music: the listener's companion, Backbeat Books, San Francisco CA, 2002, Page 1113
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The earliest surviving solo composition written specifically for euphonium or one of its saxhorn cousins is the
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Thus, only on four-valved, compensating instruments is a full chromatic scale from the pedal range up possible.
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gaining it immediate popularity with composers and conductors as the principal tenor-voices solo instrument in
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introduced the "Bass-baritone", and distinguished it from the baritone. The thicker tubing of the three-valve B
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means "sound", hence "of good sound"). The euphonium is a valved instrument. Nearly all current models have
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Bouldersdome, H. J., The Late Mr. A. J. Phasey, The British Bandsman, November 1888, Derby, England, P.33
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1660:(1899–1985), Italian-born American baritone/euphonium soloist, arranger, professor, Director of Bands at
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https://www.bigbandinstruments.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Catalogues/Cerveny_Rotary_Valve_Instruments.pdf
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1703:(1932-2024) jazz trombonist and euphonium player, one of the few jazz soloists on the latter instrument.
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1633:. Noted for extensive soloist experience with multiple organizations, amongst other musical accolades.
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musical instrument company and Highams of Manchester Musical Instrument Company. Higham and Besson's
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lower than written when notated in treble clef. It is also notated by its concert pitch in bass clef.
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bass allowed for production of strong false-tones, providing chromatic access to the pedal register.
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966:. Names in other languages, as included in scores, can be ambiguous as well. They include French
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2158:"AN ARGUMENT IN FAVOR OF THE SAXHORN BASSE (FRENCH TUBA) IN THE MODERN SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA"
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and marching baritones commonly have 3 valves, opposed to the regular euphonium having 4.
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Bass had thicker tubing than the baritone; both had three valves. Along the same lines,
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The major-ninth is transposition for the sake of trumpet players doubling on euphonium.
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and advanced the concept of a rich resonant sound with no vibrato pioneered by Mantia.
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1266:; compensating instruments do not have such intonation problems and can play the low B
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Lehman, Arthur, A Quick Analysis of Simone Mantia's Artistry on the Euphonium, 2008,
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1284:, sometimes called double pedal B, which is six ledger lines below the bass clef.
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1594:, baritone and euphonium artist credited with modifying the bore of the baritone
1249:. Non-compensating four-valved instruments suffer from intonation problems from E
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As a baritone-voiced brass instrument, the euphonium traces its ancestry to the
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Artist profile: Toru Miura, Jeju International Wind Ensemble Festival 2007, at
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2692:"Arthur W. Lehman, 91, Retired Sergeant Played Euphonium with the Marine Band"
2612:"Euphoniumist Simone Mantia Remembered (2008) - by Euphoniumist Arthur Lehman"
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The History of the Euphonium and its use in Orchestral Music by Jeff Cottrell
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1723:; soloist and clinician who was awarded a lifetime achievement award by the
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A euphonium (left) and tuba (right), the two lowest conical-bore instruments
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1138:. For a valved brass instrument like the euphonium, this means that when no
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Brass Methods An Essential Resource for Educators, Conductors, and Students
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898:, since the two have identical range and essentially identical fingering.
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Lloyd E. Bone Jr.; Eric Paull; R. Winston Morris, eds. (1 March 2007).
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Musical Instruments manufactures several euphoniums with five vertical
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2778:"Irineu Batina - Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira"
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The term 'five-valve euphonium' does not refer to variations of the
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transposing instrument sounding a major second lower than written.
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euphonium parts transposing down a major ninth are included in much
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The "British-style" compensating euphonium was developed in 1874 by
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compensating four-valved instrument, the lowest note possible is B
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Aspects for Arranging for Drum Corps: It's All About the Music!!!
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noted internationally for advancing the British euphonium sound.
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Euphonium is traditionally featured in most concert band music,
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The euphonium, like the tenor trombone, is pitched in concert B
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1071:. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
31:
3627:
List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers
1931:
List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers
831:
822:
813:
2900:
History of the Baritone and the Euphonium by historyman 2008
2833:
Herbert, Trevor; Myers, Arnold; Wallace, John, eds. (2019).
2488:
Guide to the Euphonium Repertoire: The Euphonium Source Book
1668:, the leading venue for the instrument in the United States.
1526:
The Besson five-valve euphonium featured the standard three
1245:, but four-valved instruments extend that down to at least C
1197:
compensating "knuckles" to resolve intonation issues below E
2534:
The Modern Brass Band: From the 1930s to the New Millennium
1727:(formerly TUBA) for his role in promoting the instrument.
1666:
Leonard Falcone International Tuba and Euphonium Festival
1523:
five-valve euphonium was economical but not widely used.
1142:
are in use the instrument will produce partials of the B
1688:, former soloist with the U.S. Navy Band (1971–75) and
1578:
advance and alter the understanding of the instrument.
1105:
in 1843 have also been credited. While Sax's family of
1403:
lower range of the instrument. This range being from E
857:
or in the treble clef as a transposing instrument in B
2456:
Baritone History, North Dakota State University, at
2427:
The British Brass Band: A Musical and Social History
2407:
The British Brass Band: A Musical and Social History
1991:, p. 484, Appendix 2: The Ranges of Labrosones.
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today, but this is an unrelated recent development.
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2358:1963 H.N. White/King catalog (Baritone/Euphonium),
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1835:instrument, certain composers have featured it in
1608:, English euphonium soloist and professor at the
2194:"The History & Development of the Euphonium"
1287:As with the other conical-bore instruments, the
2835:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Brass Instruments
2127:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1861:, composer of the first original euphonium solo
1446:A creation unique to the United States was the
1228:). In professional hands this may extend from B
2559:"David Thornton biography from Perfect People"
1092:With the invention of the piston valve system
3653:
2964:
821:, meaning "well-sounding" or "sweet-voiced" (
769:
8:
2944:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1678:. Lehman was a student of Harold Brasch and
1629:David Childs, Professor of Euphonium at the
1216:The euphonium has an extensive range, from E
956:. It is sometimes called the tenor tuba in B
952:'s original name for the instrument was the
134:
1999:
1997:
1794:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1370:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3660:
3646:
3638:
2971:
2957:
2949:
2805:"Don McGlashan - counting his lucky stars"
2605:
2603:
776:
762:
275:
1814:Learn how and when to remove this message
1390:Learn how and when to remove this message
853:may be notated in the bass clef as a non-
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2925:A list of original euphonium literature.
2913:Weston, Stephen. 2015 "Bass-Euphonium."
2116:Bevan, Clifford (2001). "Euphonium". In
1839:. Notably, it has iconic appearances in
1725:International Tuba Euphonium Association
1128:Construction and general characteristics
962:, although this can also refer to other
216:The Bâ™ euphonium sounds an octave and a
2111:
2109:
2107:
1981:
1952:
930:bass). In these catalog drawings, the B
792:is a medium-sized, 3 or 4-valve, often
283:
2896:2005 Archive retrieved 28 January 2008
2890:2005 Archive retrieved 28 January 2008
2618:from the original on 30 September 2011
2425:Arnold Myers, in Trevor Herbert, ed.,
2405:Arnold Myers, in Trevor Herbert, ed.,
2361:"H N White Euphoniums & Baritones"
1507:less expensive versions can be found.
133:
2646:Archives - Leonard Falcone Collection
2536:, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, p.
2088:"Lyon & Healy Catalog circa 1894"
2062:"Lyon & Healy Catalog circa 1880"
2042:from the original on 12 February 2008
1551:, and not for changing the fingering
7:
2894:Euphonium Asylum site by Nikk Pilato
2784:from the original on 30 October 2021
2704:from the original on 8 November 2012
2200:from the original on 19 October 2019
2015:from the original on 31 January 2013
1792:adding citations to reliable sources
1368:adding citations to reliable sources
1151:. It is generally orchestrated as a
60:adding citations to reliable sources
918:bass" (to distinguish it from the E
2252:from the original on 11 April 2021
2226:from the original on 16 April 2021
2100:from the original on 7 April 2012.
2068:from the original on 22 April 2016
2036:"Euphonium, Baritone, or ???"
878:The euphonium is in the family of
25:
1989:Herbert, Myers & Wallace 2019
3786:
2803:Anderson, Vicki (18 June 2015).
2673:Life and Work of Leonard Falcone
2367:from the original on 24 May 2013
2291:. Cambridge: Belknap Imprint of
1764:
1719:, professor of euphonium at the
1487:Marching euphoniums are used by
1340:
1224:for intermediate players (using
1031:
1022:
140:
36:
2174:from the original on 9 May 2019
2156:Kleinsteuber, Carl (May 2017).
1699:Bernard Atwell McKinney, later
1610:Royal Northern College of Music
1006:. The most common German name,
808:that derives its name from the
178:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
47:needs additional citations for
3545:Drum and bugle corps (classic)
1:
3550:Drum and bugle corps (modern)
3400:
2585:"David Childs - David Childs"
2222:. Adams Musical Instruments.
1618:, principal euphonium of the
1442:Double bell euphonium by Conn
1093:
1061:
1046:
2671:Myrna Delford Welch (1973).
1262:and cannot produce the low B
1167:with higher passages in the
3966:English musical instruments
2288:Harvard Dictionary of Music
1888:Concerto per Flicorno Basso
1620:Brighouse and Rastrick Band
1081:and ultimately back to the
830:means "well" or "good" and
3992:
3961:German musical instruments
3612:Pitch of brass instruments
2839:Cambridge University Press
1926:William Bell (tuba player)
1753:
1721:Kunitachi College of Music
1570:
1431:
1153:non-transposing instrument
907:needs of the marching band
843:, though some models with
832:
823:
814:
3976:Marching band instruments
3784:
2644:Michigan State University
2165:University of North Texas
1916:List of euphonium players
1662:Michigan State University
1631:University of North Texas
1573:List of euphonium players
1567:Notable euphonium players
1555:of the instrument. Also,
1226:scientific pitch notation
231:
210:
139:
3956:Concert band instruments
2732:Brian Bowman Euphonium,
2386:Legget, John A. (2004).
2293:Harvard University Press
2130:(2nd ed.). London:
1185:British-style brass band
188:sounded by lip movement)
2941:Encyclopædia Britannica
1014:History and development
867:or bass clef, or both.
3396:Marching baritone horn
2677:University of Illinois
2272:"Range of Instruments"
1862:
1484:
1443:
1213:
855:transposing instrument
3915:Low-frequency effects
3581:Classical trombonists
3178:Double bell euphonium
2923:Euphonium Music Guide
2847:10.1017/9781316841273
2767:, retrieved 4/12/2011
2739:Volume 63, 2008, P.34
2714:. Retrieved 2/24/2011
2429:(Oxford, 2000), 179.
2409:(Oxford, 2000), 179.
1857:
1590:(1834–1888), English
1540:double bell euphonium
1479:
1456:Seventy-Six Trombones
1448:double-bell euphonium
1441:
1434:Double bell euphonium
1211:
1041:Euphonium ancestors:
3683:Acoustic bass guitar
2639:"Leonard V. Falcone"
2628:, retrieved 4/1/2011
2475:retrieved 10/15/2011
2330:. GIA Publications.
2324:Kish, David (2021).
2295:. pp. 105–110.
2285:Apel, Willi (1972).
2132:Macmillan Publishers
1828:euphonium repertoire
1788:improve this section
1756:Euphonium repertoire
1676:The Art of Euphonium
1493:drum and bugle corps
1364:improve this section
938:drum and bugle corps
56:improve this article
3738:Contrabass trombone
2915:Grove Music Online.
2735:The Instrumentalist
2697:The Washington Post
2465:on 21 February 2012
1859:Amilcare Ponchielli
1690:U.S. Air Force Band
1598:, precursor of the
1588:Alfred James Phasey
1458:" from the musical
700:Electronic keyboard
285:Musical instruments
279:Part of a series on
226:Related instruments
136:
3951:B-flat instruments
3530:British brass band
3401:Marching euphonium
3168:Subcontrabass tuba
2495:Press. p. 7.
2493:Indiana University
2459:"Baritone History"
2248:. Buffet Crampon.
2220:"Adams Euphoniums"
1863:
1485:
1483:marching euphonium
1444:
1214:
429:String instruments
3938:
3937:
3688:Bass (voice type)
3635:
3634:
3591:Euphonium players
2980:Brass instruments
2935:"Euphonium"
2919:(by subscription)
2856:978-1-316-63185-0
2757:on 5 October 2011
2337:978-1-57463-545-4
2141:978-1-56159-239-5
1824:
1823:
1816:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1203:brass instruments
964:varieties of tuba
903:American baritone
880:brass instruments
786:
785:
364:Brass instruments
274:
273:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3983:
3790:
3718:Bass synthesizer
3662:
3655:
3648:
3639:
3586:Jazz trombonists
3566:(all) Trumpeters
3504:Axial flow valve
3416:Contrabass bugle
2973:
2966:
2959:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2884:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2753:. Archived from
2746:
2740:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2648:. Archived from
2635:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2607:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2561:. Archived from
2555:
2549:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2461:. Archived from
2454:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2423:
2417:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2196:. David Childs.
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2162:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2113:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1904:The Mutton Birds
1819:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1768:
1760:
1672:Arthur W. Lehman
1466:Meredith Willson
1412:
1411:
1395:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1344:
1336:
1275:
1274:
1254:
1253:
1237:
1236:
1192:
1191:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1095:
1066:
1063:
1051:
1048:
1035:
1026:
961:
960:
950:Ferdinand Sommer
945:
944:
935:
934:
929:
928:
923:
922:
917:
916:
890:and the conical
862:
861:
835:
834:
826:
825:
817:
816:
806:brass instrument
778:
771:
764:
276:
150:Brass instrument
144:
137:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
27:Brass instrument
21:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3902:
3896:
3797:
3791:
3782:
3671:
3666:
3636:
3631:
3600:
3571:Jazz trumpeters
3554:
3513:
3509:Harmonic series
3425:Parts/technique
3420:
3377:
3321:
3280:Soprano helicon
3250:Baroque trumpet
3245:Natural trumpet
3186:
3137:Alto/Tenor horn
3021:Fanfare trumpet
2982:
2977:
2928:
2909:
2857:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2707:
2705:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2565:on 21 July 2011
2557:
2556:
2552:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2503:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2440:
2424:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2338:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2303:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2115:
2114:
2105:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2034:Werden, David.
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2009:Merriam-Webster
2003:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1912:
1837:symphonic music
1820:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1785:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1734:
1713:
1658:Leonard Falcone
1640:
1622:and student of
1584:
1575:
1569:
1513:
1474:
1436:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1361:
1345:
1334:
1329:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1232:to as high as B
1231:
1223:
1219:
1200:
1189:
1188:
1149:harmonic series
1144:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1118:Boosey & Co
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1049:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1016:
958:
957:
942:
941:
932:
931:
926:
925:
920:
919:
914:
913:
876:
859:
858:
851:Euphonium music
782:
753:
752:
743:
735:
734:
685:
675:
674:
645:aka Kettledrums
558:
548:
547:
431:
421:
420:
366:
356:
355:
296:
215:
214:
196:1840s from the
183:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3989:
3987:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3910:Bass amplifier
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3857:Unfigured bass
3854:
3849:
3844:
3842:Basso continuo
3839:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3812:
3807:
3805:Alternate bass
3801:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Pedal keyboard
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Bass saxophone
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3045:Soprano cornet
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3016:Pocket trumpet
3013:
3008:
3003:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2932:, ed. (1911).
2930:Chisholm, Hugh
2926:
2920:
2908:
2907:External links
2905:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2855:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2795:
2769:
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2351:
2336:
2316:
2301:
2277:
2263:
2237:
2211:
2185:
2148:
2140:
2118:Sadie, Stanley
2103:
2079:
2053:
2026:
1993:
1980:
1979:
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1950:
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1928:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1900:Blam Blam Blam
1822:
1821:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1754:Main article:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:Joshua Jurchin
1704:
1697:
1683:
1669:
1655:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1616:David Thornton
1613:
1603:
1583:
1582:United Kingdom
1580:
1571:Main article:
1568:
1565:
1512:
1509:
1489:marching bands
1473:
1470:
1432:Main article:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1348:
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1333:
1330:
1328:
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1276:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1198:
1183:music: in the
1129:
1126:
1114:David Blaikley
1040:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1004:flicorno basso
875:
872:
784:
783:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
744:
741:
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736:
733:
732:
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722:
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712:
707:
702:
697:
695:Clavicytherium
692:
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254:
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212:
211:
208:
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194:
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189:
180:
174:
173:
159:
157:Classification
153:
152:
146:
145:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
18:Euphonium horn
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3988:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
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3959:
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3952:
3949:
3948:
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3899:
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3875:
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3865:
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3848:
3845:
3843:
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3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3789:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Keyboard bass
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Contrabassoon
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:Bass trombone
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3693:Bass clarinet
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:Brass section
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Brass quintet
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Hand-stopping
3452:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
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3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Slide trumpet
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3218:Tenor cornett
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Baritone horn
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
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3072:
3070:
3067:
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3055:
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3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
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3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:13 Sep. 2018.
2916:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:. Cambridge:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2796:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2756:
2752:
2751:"♬ ě śěŁĽęµě śę´€ě•…ě ś ♪"
2745:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2664:
2652:on 9 May 2008
2651:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2546:0-7546-0717-8
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:Roy Newsome,
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2502:9780253348111
2498:
2494:
2490:
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2343:
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2333:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2302:9780674375017
2298:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2122:Tyrrell, John
2119:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Baritone Horn
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:Don McGlashan
1891:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1818:
1815:
1807:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1773:This section
1771:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1694:Carnegie Hall
1691:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:Simone Mantia
1677:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:Simone Mantia
1642:
1641:
1638:United States
1637:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:baritone horn
1597:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1561:rotary valves
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:piston valves
1524:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1461:The Music Man
1457:
1453:
1452:Harold Brasch
1449:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1425:
1394:
1391:
1383:
1380:December 2022
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1349:This section
1347:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1317:baritone horn
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1227:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:concert pitch
1159:, written at
1158:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1059:
1055:
1044:
1034:
1025:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:Tenorbasshorn
985:
981:
977:
973:
972:saxhorn basse
969:
965:
955:
951:
947:
939:
910:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:baritone horn
881:
873:
871:
868:
866:
856:
852:
848:
846:
845:rotary valves
842:
841:piston valves
838:
829:
820:
811:
810:Ancient Greek
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
759:
757:
756:
749:
746:
745:
739:
738:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
684:
679:
678:
671:
668:
666:
663:
660:
659:Tubular bells
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
557:
552:
551:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
473:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
436:
430:
425:
424:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Baritone horn
369:
368:
365:
360:
359:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:Contrabassoon
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
295:
290:
289:
286:
282:
278:
277:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
251:
250:Baritone horn
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
232:
230:
227:
223:
219:
209:
206:
205:Playing range
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
181:
179:
175:
172:
169:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
138:
126:
123:
115:
112:December 2022
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3903:reproduction
3892:Walking bass
3852:Figured bass
3815:Bass effects
3796:Performance/
3778:Washtub bass
3747:
3669:Bass (sound)
3622:Horn section
3576:Horn players
3535:Balkan brass
3442:Rotary valve
3437:Piston valve
3368:Tibetan horn
3235:Natural horn
3213:Mute cornett
3172:
3160:
3124:
3085:
3051:
3037:
2993:
2939:
2914:
2902:2015 Archive
2834:
2812:. Retrieved
2808:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2772:
2759:. Retrieved
2755:the original
2744:
2733:
2728:
2719:
2706:. Retrieved
2695:
2685:
2672:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2642:
2633:
2620:. Retrieved
2593:
2579:
2567:. Retrieved
2563:the original
2553:
2533:
2528:
2519:
2487:
2480:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2452:
2441:
2426:
2421:
2406:
2401:
2388:
2381:
2369:. Retrieved
2354:
2326:
2319:
2287:
2280:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2246:"Euphoniums"
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2164:
2151:
2125:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2008:
1984:
1964:
1955:
1941:Brian Bowman
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1849:
1833:concert band
1827:
1825:
1810:
1801:
1786:Please help
1774:
1701:Kiane Zawadi
1686:Brian Bowman
1675:
1576:
1537:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1486:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1401:
1386:
1377:
1362:Please help
1350:
1332:Compensating
1321:
1286:
1215:
1195:
1181:concert band
1171:. While the
1131:
1122:
1111:
1101:in 1838 and
1091:
1076:
1068:
1053:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
953:
948:
911:
902:
900:
877:
869:
849:
836:
827:
818:
798:conical-bore
794:compensating
789:
787:
588:Glockenspiel
471:
470:
433:
380:
218:major second
161:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3872:Lament bass
3820:Bass chorus
3743:Double bass
3708:Bass pedals
3703:Bass guitar
3676:Instruments
3079:Wagner tuba
3074:Vienna horn
3069:German horn
3064:French horn
2005:"Euphonium"
1936:Steven Mead
1845:The Planets
1743:Pixinguinha
1624:Steven Mead
1606:Steven Mead
1511:Five valves
1497:Blue Devils
1428:Double-bell
1177:treble clef
1103:Adolphe Sax
1099:Carl Moritz
1087:Renaissance
1065: 1825
1050: 1800
865:treble clef
710:Harpsichord
488:Bass guitar
456:Hurdy-gurdy
446:Double bass
391:French horn
316:Cor anglais
71:"Euphonium"
3945:Categories
3862:Partimento
3525:Brass band
3474:Pedal tone
3464:Mouthpiece
3459:Embouchure
3411:Sousaphone
3406:Trombonium
3391:Mellophone
3326:Indigenous
3317:Jazzophone
3307:Saxotromba
3297:Sudrophone
3287:Ophicleide
3208:Cornettino
3191:Antiquated
3142:Flugelhorn
3093:Contrabass
3001:Contrabass
2881:Q114571908
2865:1038492212
2788:30 October
2469:15 October
2435:0191590126
2415:0191590126
2346:1267765869
2072:22 October
2046:29 January
1976:References
1868:brass band
1804:April 2020
1750:Repertoire
1717:Toru Miura
1592:ophicleide
1313:sudrophone
1293:flugelhorn
1220:to about F
1169:tenor clef
1079:ophicleide
1058:ophicleide
996:bombardino
990:; Italian
976:tuba basse
896:embouchure
892:flugelhorn
847:do exist.
690:Clavichord
665:Vibraphone
661:aka Chimes
633:Snare drum
603:Lithophone
556:Percussion
401:Tenor horn
396:Mellophone
386:Flugelhorn
331:Nadaswaram
262:Ophicleide
257:Mellophone
240:Flugelhorn
198:ophicleide
82:newspapers
3925:Subwoofer
3882:Slap bass
3867:Jazz bass
3832:Bass note
3825:Fuzz bass
3810:Bass clef
3753:GuitarrĂłn
3748:Euphonium
3698:Bass drum
3518:Ensembles
3499:Water key
3484:Valve oil
3240:Post horn
3173:Euphonium
3152:Kuhlohorn
3113:Superbone
2873:34730943M
2511:611786614
1775:does not
1532:fingering
1521:Clearbore
1407:down to B
1351:does not
1258:down to C
1173:bass clef
1165:bass clef
1155:like the
984:Tenorbass
978:; German
954:euphonion
790:euphonium
730:Virginals
705:Harmonium
683:Keyboards
670:Xylophone
654:Tubaphone
623:Mridangam
613:MarĂmbula
563:Bass drum
381:Euphonium
346:Saxophone
294:Woodwinds
245:Alto horn
193:Developed
186:aerophone
171:Aerophone
135:Euphonium
3920:Sub-bass
3887:Walkdown
3877:Ostinato
3837:Bassline
3798:notation
3763:Octobass
3494:Leadpipe
3383:Marching
3343:Vuvuzela
3118:Cimbasso
3087:Trombone
3026:Firebird
2877:Wikidata
2782:Archived
2761:24 April
2702:Archived
2656:24 April
2616:Archived
2569:24 April
2371:20 April
2365:Archived
2256:16 April
2250:Archived
2230:16 April
2224:Archived
2204:16 April
2198:Archived
2169:Archived
2124:(eds.).
2095:Archived
2066:Archived
2040:Archived
2013:Archived
1910:See also
1650:and the
1545:trombone
1472:Marching
1410:♭
1309:trombone
1273:♭
1270:. From B
1252:♭
1235:♭
1190:♭
1157:trombone
1145:♭
1135:♭
1107:saxhorns
992:baritono
959:♭
943:♭
933:♭
927:♭
921:♭
915:♭
860:♭
819:euphĹŤnos
804:-voiced
649:Triangle
638:Steelpan
598:Handbell
573:Carillon
518:Shamisen
508:Mandolin
406:Trombone
321:Clarinet
301:Bagpipes
235:Saxhorns
184:(Valved
3728:Bassoon
3596:Tubists
3559:Players
3333:Alphorn
3312:Bazooka
3302:Saxtuba
3292:Serpent
3275:Helicon
3270:Sackbut
3255:Buccina
3203:Cornett
3198:Clarion
3147:Fiscorn
3126:Saxhorn
3108:Soprano
3031:Flumpet
3011:Piccolo
2995:Trumpet
2827:Sources
2814:2 March
2622:1 April
1796:removed
1781:sources
1596:saxhorn
1557:Cerveny
1547:-sized
1491:and in
1372:removed
1357:sources
1305:trumpet
1163:in the
1083:serpent
1043:serpent
1008:Baryton
1000:eufonio
980:Baryton
888:trumpet
815:εὔφωνος
643:Timpani
608:Marimba
583:Cymbals
578:Celesta
533:Ukulele
528:Tambura
493:Guzheng
472:Plucked
411:Trumpet
341:Piccolo
306:Bassoon
182:423.232
96:scholar
3930:Woofer
3847:Burden
3469:Falset
3432:Valves
3363:Sringa
3358:Shofar
3353:Carnyx
3265:Buccin
3039:Cornet
2987:Modern
2879:
2871:
2863:
2853:
2708:5 July
2679:Press.
2544:
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2499:
2433:
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2309:
2299:
2138:
2019:26 May
1732:Brazil
1517:Besson
1315:, and
1299:, and
1289:cornet
1140:valves
1002:, and
986:, and
974:, and
924:and BB
748:Ghatam
742:Others
725:Spinet
543:Zither
483:Guitar
466:Violin
376:Cornet
351:Tharai
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
3971:Tubas
3901:Sound
3605:Other
3489:Crook
3449:Mutes
3373:Wazza
3348:Nyele
3338:Nabal
3225:Cornu
3059:Bugle
2809:Stuff
2393:(PDF)
2311:21452
2178:9 May
2172:(PDF)
2161:(PDF)
2098:(PDF)
2091:(PDF)
1947:Notes
1841:Holst
1739:Choro
1711:Japan
1652:Pryor
1648:Sousa
1553:pitch
1420:and B
1327:Types
1116:, of
1069:right
968:basse
837:phōnē
812:word
802:tenor
720:Piano
715:Organ
628:Parai
618:Melam
523:Sitar
478:Banjo
461:Viola
451:Huqin
441:Cello
435:Bowed
326:Flute
167:brass
103:JSTOR
89:books
3773:Tuba
3479:Bore
3230:Dord
3162:Tuba
3103:Alto
3098:Bass
3053:Horn
3006:Bass
2861:OCLC
2851:ISBN
2816:2023
2790:2021
2763:2011
2710:2009
2658:2011
2624:2011
2571:2011
2542:ISBN
2507:OCLC
2497:ISBN
2471:2011
2431:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2373:2013
2342:OCLC
2332:ISBN
2307:OCLC
2297:ISBN
2258:2021
2232:2021
2206:2021
2180:2019
2136:ISBN
2074:2014
2048:2008
2021:2012
1902:and
1826:The
1779:any
1777:cite
1549:bell
1481:King
1355:any
1353:cite
1301:tuba
1297:horn
1054:left
901:The
874:Name
833:φωνή
788:The
593:Gong
568:Bell
538:Yazh
513:Harp
503:Lyre
498:Koto
416:Tuba
336:Oboe
267:Tuba
163:Wind
75:news
2843:doi
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1790:by
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1996:^
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1062:c.
1060:,
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998:,
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