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This zone is essentially lowland, but retains some characteristics of upland rivers. It has a gentle gradient with a moderate water flow and temperature. It also has a good oxygen content and a mixed substrate of silt and gravel in which plants can take root. Most of the fish species found in this
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The true lowland zone, has a very gentle gradient and slow flowing water, there is usually good oxygen content but the temperature is much more variable than in the other zones. This zone has a silty substrate and is often
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Aarts, B. G. W. and
Nienhuis, P. H. (2003) ‘Fish zonations and guilds as the basis for assessment of ecological integrity of large rivers’, Hydrobiologia, 500, pp. 157–178. doi: 10.1023/A:1024638726162.
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This zone has a characteristic steep gradient, fast flowing water and cool temperature. The fast flow rate causes turbulence which keeps the water well oxygenated. Fish species found in this zone usually lay
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Similar in physical characteristics to the Trout zone, although the temperature is usually slightly higher. Fish species in this zone also lay adhesive eggs.
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zone lay their eggs in the vegetation on the river bed, this provides them with good protection and allows the eggs a good supply of oxygen given off from
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Characteristic fish species include only a few species from the Barbel zone (Roach, Rudd, Perch and Pike), with the addition of:
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Characteristic fish species include all of the species from the previous zones with addition of;
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Characteristic fish species include all of the above species, with the addition of;
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composition relate to physical and chemical changes that occur longitudinally.
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142:Zonation (from headwater to estuary)
48:adding citations to reliable sources
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163:Characteristic fish species are:
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303:Scardinius erythrophthalmus
156:eggs that can stick to the
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134:found in them. Changes in
63:"European river zonation"
126:The classification of
130:comes from the fish
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255:Leuciscus leuciscus
225:Thymallus thymallus
202:Barbatula barbatula
245:Leuciscus cephalus
333:Anguilla anguilla
313:Perca fluviatilis
235:Phoxinus phoxinus
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396:Further reading
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293:Rutilus rutilus
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178:Atlantic salmon
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104:December 2009
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42:Please help
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371:Tinca tinca
323:Esox lucius
262:Barbel zone
182:Salmo salar
168:Brown trout
388:References
340:Bream zone
147:Trout zone
74:newspapers
158:substrate
136:taxonomic
31:does not
408:Category
221:Grayling
188:Bullhead
154:adhesive
88:scholar
52:removed
37:sources
347:turbid
279:Barbel
231:Minnow
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367:Tench
357:Bream
309:Perch
289:Roach
198:Loach
132:fauna
95:JSTOR
81:books
377:Carp
319:Pike
299:Rudd
251:Dace
241:Chub
67:news
35:any
33:cite
329:Eel
46:by
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