179:
3135:
1149:
3149:
1288:
77:
36:
1310:
to the elected legislature, which must maintain the confidence of the legislature or one part of it, if bicameral. In certain circumstances (varying by state), the legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either a change in governing party or group of parties or a
1210:
The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to the executive.
1262:, the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature. Since the executive requires the support and approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of
1266:
means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from the control of the government
1230:
is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the
3306:
1641:
1330:
In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include:
1619:
3201:
540:
1938:
1912:
3301:
1849:
1177:
3383:
3116:
1829:
1864:
1689:
94:
49:
344:
1891:
573:
3194:
498:
1649:
3296:
3291:
3286:
2542:
2100:
1999:
1922:
1045:
373:
282:
225:
160:
63:
141:
2656:
2525:
1874:
651:
389:
113:
3111:
2458:
2359:
1917:
314:
2618:
2252:
1884:
1879:
1170:
1040:
818:
666:
98:
120:
3373:
3187:
1971:
1055:
2778:
2257:
1834:
1611:
1484:
1342:
804:
636:
607:
535:
277:
1327:, the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters.
191:
3368:
2773:
1682:
1360:
1323:), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In
1108:
349:
200:
127:
55:
2748:
2247:
1541:
641:
612:
87:
3260:
2831:
1859:
1844:
1777:
1263:
1163:
768:
512:
493:
109:
3255:
2626:
2608:
1792:
1782:
1202:, is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes decisions and holds power.
883:
773:
507:
2277:
1315:) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the
3001:
2788:
2262:
1869:
1824:
1802:
1787:
1307:
813:
566:
457:
3056:
1896:
1854:
1839:
1797:
1675:
1319:, the principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of the executive (
1050:
938:
469:
1460:
is the head of government, while the head of state is usually a largely ceremonial monarch or president.
1311:
general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called
3332:
3160:
2753:
2431:
2242:
1751:
1453:
1320:
1312:
1295:
870:
703:
396:
3327:
3210:
2881:
2227:
1809:
1450:
1446:
1303:
1255:
1219:
980:
851:
841:
826:
753:
671:
481:
369:
364:
3378:
3265:
3036:
2176:
2093:
1819:
1435:
1324:
1291:
1092:
1002:
856:
758:
708:
646:
519:
134:
2851:
2510:
2364:
2349:
2327:
2071:
2051:
2004:
1994:
1593:
1533:
1390:
1352:
1316:
1130:
723:
559:
486:
476:
401:
329:
302:
1438:, the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government. In some cases, such as
1239:. The executive can also be the source of certain types of law or law-derived rules, such as a
2836:
2758:
2596:
2339:
2334:
2287:
2212:
2206:
2046:
1964:
1717:
1585:
1525:
1442:, there is a Prime Minister who assists the President, but who is not the head of government.
1398:
1376:
1125:
799:
661:
656:
617:
590:
377:
242:
1564:"Fiscal performance and the re-election of finance ministers–evidence from the Swiss cantons"
3322:
3270:
2841:
2808:
2307:
2171:
2166:
2131:
1575:
1517:
1418:
1404:
1386:
1366:
1215:
1075:
831:
685:
3337:
3090:
3063:
3051:
3031:
2965:
2960:
2943:
2923:
2918:
2898:
2763:
2743:
2738:
2641:
2601:
2312:
2237:
2161:
2146:
2066:
1412:
1272:
1251:
1244:
1153:
1135:
960:
945:
549:
178:
3167:
2975:
2893:
2482:
2448:
2399:
2384:
2156:
2061:
2041:
2031:
1761:
1394:
1356:
1346:
1276:
1259:
1031:
950:
904:
846:
339:
324:
319:
272:
1148:
3362:
3347:
3250:
3021:
2980:
2866:
2846:
2818:
2768:
2733:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2646:
2586:
2426:
2416:
2374:
2297:
2292:
2222:
2181:
2105:
1756:
1741:
1712:
1698:
1597:
1408:
1380:
1334:
1223:
955:
933:
908:
738:
257:
1287:
3342:
3153:
2903:
2871:
2826:
2564:
2559:
2530:
2443:
2421:
2389:
2322:
2302:
2196:
2136:
2126:
2078:
2036:
2014:
1957:
1737:
1479:
1469:
1370:
718:
1235:
is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the executive, and interpreted by the
3229:
3134:
3075:
3016:
3006:
2803:
2798:
2636:
2537:
2453:
2412:
2379:
2344:
2267:
2191:
2141:
2056:
1732:
1722:
1457:
1439:
1268:
1232:
1022:
987:
890:
878:
743:
76:
1580:
1563:
3139:
3068:
2948:
2886:
2631:
2552:
2547:
2505:
2487:
2475:
2436:
2282:
2272:
2232:
2217:
2201:
2151:
2088:
2083:
1727:
1112:
1102:
1097:
836:
698:
443:
431:
309:
292:
17:
1589:
1529:
1421:– overseeing criminal prosecutions, corrections, enforcement of court orders.
3234:
3046:
3011:
2953:
2928:
2793:
2690:
2678:
2663:
2651:
2579:
2497:
2470:
2354:
1236:
1227:
997:
895:
778:
733:
713:
3095:
3080:
2783:
2668:
2465:
2009:
1746:
1120:
1080:
763:
748:
728:
597:
464:
452:
421:
1537:
1505:
3179:
2985:
2933:
2913:
2861:
2673:
2591:
2407:
2369:
2317:
1814:
1474:
1338:
1035:
693:
334:
267:
3085:
2938:
2683:
2574:
2569:
2515:
2186:
1521:
1240:
1085:
1027:
925:
3026:
2970:
2876:
2717:
2520:
2019:
1286:
426:
2908:
2856:
2712:
2110:
2026:
1667:
1349:, the chief representative and living symbol of national unity.
3183:
1953:
1671:
1980:
172:
70:
29:
1373:, determining military policy, and managing external safety.
196:
1949:
1506:"Inherent Executive Power: A Comparative Perspective"
3315:
3279:
3243:
3217:
3104:
2994:
2817:
2726:
2617:
2496:
2398:
2119:
1987:
1905:
1770:
1705:
1383:, enforcing the law, and managing internal control.
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3195:
1965:
1683:
1171:
567:
27:Branch overseeing administration of the state
8:
1939:Civil service reform in developing countries
1562:Buchs, Aurélia; Soguel, Nils (2022-04-01).
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3202:
3188:
3180:
1972:
1958:
1950:
1690:
1676:
1668:
1642:"Executive Branch of Government in Canada"
1178:
1164:
585:
574:
560:
237:
1579:
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
3117:History of the American legal profession
1317:Westminster type of parliamentary system
1496:
1407:– overseeing the treasury, determining
596:
527:
442:
291:
256:
249:
1271:, especially in the areas of overall
345:President of the Council of Ministers
7:
1622:from the original on 20 January 2021
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1913:National civil service commissions
25:
2101:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1046:Biology and political orientation
374:Cabinet collective responsibility
283:President of the council of state
190:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
45:This article has multiple issues.
3384:Executive branches of government
3148:
3147:
3133:
1147:
177:
75:
34:
3112:History of the legal profession
1544:from the original on 2022-12-30
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1041:Theories of political behavior
667:Political history of the world
1:
1056:Critique of political economy
541:Heads of state and government
1485:Rule according to higher law
637:Outline of political science
1504:Martinez, Jenny S. (2006).
350:President of the government
110:"Executive" government
3400:
2779:International legal theory
2258:International slavery laws
2253:International human rights
2248:International criminal law
1581:10.1007/s11127-021-00949-z
1306:systems, the executive is
1194:, also referred to as the
642:Index of politics articles
3127:
2832:Administration of justice
1931:
1363:of all affairs of state.
1264:parliamentary sovereignty
3256:Civil service commission
2609:Basic structure doctrine
2459:Natural and legal rights
2340:Public international law
1923:Civil service by country
1430:Presidents and ministers
1224:United States of America
203:may contain suggestions.
188:may need to be rewritten
2789:Principle of typicality
2263:International trade law
1051:Political organisations
814:International relations
652:Politics by subdivision
1918:Government occupations
1612:"The Executive Branch"
1299:
3333:Judicial independence
2784:Principle of legality
2543:Delegated legislation
2243:Intellectual property
1752:Public administration
1290:
1256:parliamentary systems
1131:Political campaigning
871:Public administration
704:Collective leadership
3374:Separation of powers
3328:Separation of duties
3211:Separation of powers
3002:Barristers' chambers
2944:Legal representation
2882:Justice of the peace
2228:Financial regulation
1771:By country/territory
1646:Parliament of Canada
1510:The Yale Law Journal
1447:parliamentary system
1325:presidential systems
1220:separation of powers
981:Separation of powers
852:Political psychology
827:Comparative politics
805:political scientists
792:Academic disciplines
672:Political philosophy
536:National governments
370:Government formation
251:Executive government
95:improve this article
3244:Additional branches
3037:Election commission
2749:Expressive function
2278:Landlord–tenant law
2177:Consumer protection
1456:responsible to the
1436:presidential system
1292:Vanhanen II Cabinet
1154:Politics portal
1003:Election commission
974:Government branches
857:Political sociology
709:Confessional system
647:Politics by country
243:the Politics series
3369:Constitutional law
2995:Legal institutions
2862:Lawsuit/Litigation
2852:Dispute resolution
2657:Catholic canon law
2365:State of emergency
2328:Will and testament
2052:Law of obligations
2005:Constitutional law
1995:Administrative law
1391:diplomatic service
1353:head of government
1300:
1296:Finnish Parliament
1250:In those that use
837:Political analysis
769:Semi-parliamentary
494:Semi-parliamentary
330:Minister-president
303:Head of government
3356:
3355:
3177:
3176:
2837:Constitutionalism
2759:Law and economics
2597:Act of parliament
2335:Product liability
2288:Legal archaeology
2213:Environmental law
2207:Entertainment law
2047:International law
1947:
1946:
1718:Government agency
1399:foreign relations
1389:– overseeing the
1379:– overseeing the
1377:interior minister
1369:– overseeing the
1359:, overseeing the
1216:political systems
1188:
1187:
1136:Political parties
1076:Electoral systems
800:Political science
774:Semi-presidential
686:Political systems
662:Political history
657:Political economy
584:
583:
508:Semi-presidential
236:
235:
228:
218:
217:
192:quality standards
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3391:
3323:Fusion of powers
3218:Typical branches
3204:
3197:
3190:
3181:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
2961:Question of fact
2842:Criminal justice
2172:Construction law
2167:Conflict of laws
2132:Agricultural law
1974:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1885:Northern Ireland
1692:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1648:. Archived from
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1583:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1522:10.2307/20455703
1516:(9): 2480–2511.
1501:
1419:justice minister
1405:finance minister
1387:foreign minister
1367:defence minister
1294:in a session of
1252:fusion of powers
1180:
1173:
1166:
1152:
1151:
942:
887:
842:Political theory
832:Election science
822:
808:
586:
576:
569:
562:
516:
504:
490:
473:
461:
238:
231:
224:
213:
210:
204:
181:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3338:Judicial review
3311:
3275:
3239:
3213:
3208:
3178:
3173:
3146:
3132:
3123:
3100:
3091:Political party
3064:Legal education
3052:Law enforcement
3032:Court of equity
2990:
2966:Question of law
2919:Practice of law
2899:Judicial review
2813:
2764:Legal formalism
2744:Comparative law
2739:Contract theory
2722:
2642:Legal pluralism
2613:
2602:Act of Congress
2526:Executive order
2492:
2394:
2313:Nationality law
2238:Immigration law
2162:Competition law
2115:
1983:
1978:
1948:
1943:
1927:
1901:
1766:
1701:
1696:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1616:The White House
1610:
1609:
1605:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1466:
1432:
1413:national budget
1285:
1245:executive order
1208:
1200:executive power
1184:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1071:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1007:
976:
975:
966:
965:
961:Public interest
946:Domestic policy
936:
929:
928:
917:
916:
881:
874:
873:
862:
861:
823:
816:
809:
802:
794:
793:
784:
783:
689:
688:
677:
676:
632:
631:
622:
591:Politics series
580:
550:Politics portal
510:
496:
484:
467:
455:
436:
406:
376:
372:
368:
354:
315:Chief executive
287:
232:
221:
220:
219:
214:
208:
205:
195:
182:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3397:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3302:United Kingdom
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3143:
3140:Law portal
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:Trial advocacy
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2506:Ballot measure
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2483:Legal treatise
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2449:Letters patent
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2400:Sources of law
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2385:Unenforced law
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Commercial law
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1897:European Union
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1880:United Kingdom
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1762:Public service
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1633:
1603:
1554:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1402:
1395:foreign policy
1393:, determining
1384:
1374:
1361:administration
1357:prime minister
1347:supreme leader
1284:
1281:
1277:foreign policy
1260:United Kingdom
1258:, such as the
1222:, such as the
1207:
1204:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1025:
1019:
1016:Related topics
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
983:
977:
973:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
958:
953:
951:Foreign policy
948:
943:
930:
924:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
913:
912:
898:
893:
888:
875:
869:
868:
867:
864:
863:
860:
859:
854:
849:
847:Policy studies
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
812:
810:
798:
795:
791:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
690:
684:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
633:
630:Primary topics
629:
628:
627:
624:
623:
621:
620:
615:
610:
604:
601:
600:
594:
593:
582:
581:
579:
578:
571:
564:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
544:
543:
538:
530:
529:
525:
524:
523:
522:
517:
513:cohabitational
505:
491:
479:
474:
462:
458:Constitutional
447:
446:
440:
439:
438:
437:
435:
434:
429:
424:
418:
410:
409:
408:
407:
405:
404:
399:
393:
383:
382:
381:
380:
358:
357:
356:
355:
353:
352:
347:
342:
340:Prime minister
337:
332:
327:
325:First minister
322:
320:Chief minister
317:
312:
306:
296:
295:
289:
288:
286:
285:
280:
275:
273:Supreme leader
270:
264:
261:
260:
254:
253:
247:
246:
234:
233:
216:
215:
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Executive body
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3396:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3349:
3348:Unified power
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3307:United States
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Fourth Estate
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:Civil society
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Trier of fact
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Legal opinion
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Court-martial
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2819:Jurisprudence
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Statutory law
2706:
2704:
2703:Socialist law
2701:
2697:
2696:Byzantine law
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2647:Religious law
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2619:Legal systems
2616:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2587:Statutory law
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:Statutory law
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:Transport law
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Legal fiction
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:Financial law
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Corporate law
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Statutory law
2104:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:Core subjects
1986:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:United States
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:Public policy
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Spoils system
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Public sector
1711:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:Civil service
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1652:on 2 May 2017
1651:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1568:Public Choice
1565:
1558:
1555:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:and managing
1410:
1409:fiscal policy
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:and managing
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:police forces
1378:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:head of state
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1304:parliamentary
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:, government
1225:
1221:
1218:based on the
1217:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
982:
979:
978:
970:
969:
962:
959:
957:
956:Civil society
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
940:
935:
934:Public policy
932:
931:
927:
921:
920:
910:
906:
902:
901:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
885:
880:
877:
876:
872:
866:
865:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
820:
815:
811:
806:
801:
797:
796:
788:
787:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
754:Parliamentary
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:Hybrid regime
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
687:
681:
680:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
626:
625:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
603:
602:
599:
595:
592:
588:
587:
577:
572:
570:
565:
563:
558:
557:
555:
554:
551:
548:
547:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
518:
514:
509:
506:
502:
501:
495:
492:
488:
483:
482:Parliamentary
480:
478:
475:
471:
470:Parliamentary
466:
463:
459:
454:
451:
450:
449:
448:
445:
441:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
411:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
392:
391:
387:
386:
385:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:
362:
361:
360:
359:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
305:
304:
300:
299:
298:
297:
294:
290:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
263:
262:
259:
258:Head of state
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:
230:
227:
212:
209:November 2019
202:
198:
193:
189:
186:This article
184:
180:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3343:Dual mandate
3224:
3166:
3159:
3145:
3131:
3041:
2904:Jurisdiction
2872:Legal remedy
2827:Adjudication
2727:Legal theory
2565:Ratification
2560:Promulgation
2531:Proclamation
2511:Codification
2444:Human rights
2432:Divine right
2422:Constitution
2390:Women in law
2308:Military law
2303:Marriage law
2298:Maritime law
2197:Election law
2137:Aviation law
2127:Abortion law
2079:Property law
2015:Criminal law
1935:
1738:Merit system
1654:. Retrieved
1650:the original
1645:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1615:
1606:
1574:(1): 31–49.
1571:
1567:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1513:
1509:
1499:
1480:Legal reform
1470:Constitution
1444:
1433:
1371:armed forces
1355:– often the
1337:– often the
1329:
1301:
1254:, typically
1249:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1189:
992:
884:street-level
759:Presidential
719:Dictatorship
589:Part of the
520:Presidential
499:
415:
388:
363:
301:
250:
222:
206:
197:You can help
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3271:Prosecutory
3230:Legislature
3076:Legislature
3007:Bureaucracy
2804:Rule of man
2799:Rule of law
2774:Libertarian
2637:Chinese law
2538:Legislation
2488:Regulations
2476:Law reports
2454:Natural law
2350:Reparations
2345:Refugee law
2268:Jurimetrics
2209:(Media law)
2147:Banking law
2142:Amnesty law
2120:Disciplines
2057:Private law
1850:New Zealand
1733:Technocracy
1723:Bureaucracy
1458:legislature
1440:South Korea
1308:responsible
1269:bureaucracy
1233:legislature
1023:Sovereignty
988:Legislature
891:Technocracy
879:Bureaucracy
744:Meritocracy
724:Directorial
500:simul simul
487:Westminster
477:Directorial
3379:Public law
3363:Categories
3280:By country
3069:Law school
2949:Prosecutor
2887:Magistrate
2674:Jewish law
2632:Common law
2553:Rulemaking
2548:Regulation
2498:Law making
2437:Divine law
2413:Legal code
2360:Sports law
2283:Law of war
2233:Health law
2218:Family law
2202:Energy law
2152:Bankruptcy
2089:Punishment
2084:Public law
1906:Categories
1783:Bangladesh
1728:Bureaucrat
1548:2022-12-30
1491:References
1113:Governance
1103:Government
1098:Federalism
699:City-state
432:Presidency
310:Chancellor
293:Government
151:April 2020
121:newspapers
50:improve it
3297:Singapore
3292:Hong Kong
3287:Australia
3266:Electoral
3235:Judiciary
3225:Executive
3047:Judiciary
3042:Executive
3017:The bench
2954:Solicitor
2929:Barrister
2809:Sociology
2794:Pseudolaw
2734:Anarchist
2691:Roman law
2679:Parsi law
2664:Hindu law
2652:Canon law
2627:Civil law
2580:Concordat
2471:Precedent
2380:Trust law
2355:Space law
2192:Drugs law
2062:Procedure
2000:Civil law
1936:See also:
1875:Sri Lanka
1870:Singapore
1803:Hong Kong
1778:Australia
1598:246371550
1590:1573-7101
1530:0044-0094
1343:president
1321:ministers
1313:ministers
1283:Ministers
1237:judiciary
1228:authority
1192:executive
1093:Unitarism
1081:Elections
1069:Subseries
998:Judiciary
993:Executive
896:Adhocracy
779:Theocracy
734:Feudalism
714:Democracy
402:Secretary
378:Secretary
278:President
201:talk page
56:talk page
3316:See also
3261:Auditory
3154:Category
3096:Tribunal
3081:Military
2924:Attorney
2894:Judgment
2754:Feminist
2669:Jain law
2466:Case law
2187:Cyberlaw
2094:Corporal
2072:Criminal
2042:Evidence
2032:Doctrine
2010:Contract
1860:Pakistan
1845:Malaysia
1747:Diplomat
1706:Concepts
1620:Archived
1542:Archived
1538:20455703
1464:See also
1454:minister
1273:economic
1206:Function
1196:juditian
1121:Ideology
939:doctrine
900:Service
764:Republic
749:Monarchy
729:Federacy
618:Category
598:Politics
465:Republic
453:Monarchy
422:Governor
397:Minister
390:Ministry
241:Part of
3168:Outline
3105:History
3012:The bar
2986:Verdict
2934:Counsel
2914:Justice
2769:History
2592:Statute
2408:Charter
2370:Tax law
2318:Probate
1855:Nigeria
1830:Ireland
1815:Germany
1475:Diarchy
1451:cabinet
1345:or the
1339:monarch
1298:in 2007
1126:Culture
1036:Country
694:Anarchy
608:Outline
444:Systems
365:Cabinet
335:Premier
268:Monarch
135:scholar
3086:Police
3057:Agency
2939:Lawyer
2684:Sharia
2575:Treaty
2570:Repeal
2516:Decree
2427:Custom
2323:Estate
2273:Labour
2037:Equity
1865:Russia
1820:Greece
1810:France
1793:Canada
1788:Brazil
1656:4 July
1626:4 July
1596:
1588:
1536:
1528:
1341:, the
1241:decree
1086:voting
1028:Polity
926:Policy
905:Public
819:theory
199:. The
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
3161:Index
3027:Court
2971:Trial
2877:Judge
2718:Yassa
2521:Edict
2067:Civil
2020:Crime
1840:Japan
1835:Italy
1825:India
1798:China
1594:S2CID
1534:JSTOR
1445:In a
1434:In a
1109:forms
1032:State
909:Civil
613:Index
528:Lists
427:Mayor
416:Other
142:JSTOR
128:books
2909:Jury
2857:Fiqh
2713:Xeer
2111:Tort
2027:Deed
1658:2015
1628:2015
1586:ISSN
1526:ISSN
1449:, a
1190:The
114:news
1981:Law
1576:doi
1572:191
1518:doi
1514:115
1302:In
1275:or
1243:or
1214:In
1198:or
97:by
3365::
2415:/
1740:/
1644:.
1618:.
1614:.
1592:.
1584:.
1570:.
1566:.
1540:.
1532:.
1524:.
1512:.
1508:.
1279:.
1247:.
1111:/
1034:/
1030:/
907:/
245:on
59:.
3203:e
3196:t
3189:v
1973:e
1966:t
1959:v
1691:e
1684:t
1677:v
1660:.
1630:.
1600:.
1578::
1551:.
1520::
1415:.
1401:.
1179:e
1172:t
1165:v
1115:)
1107:(
941:)
937:(
911:)
903:(
886:)
882:(
821:)
817:(
807:)
803:(
575:e
568:t
561:v
515:)
511:(
503:)
497:(
489:)
485:(
472:)
468:(
460:)
456:(
229:)
223:(
211:)
207:(
194:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
