117:, it became common practice for music promoters in north Western Germany, a number of whom were British themselves, to book British acts. However, some parts of Hamburg were off limits to soldiers and airmen and they never seem to have had the influence, which one might have expected, in the post-war development of
212:, here and there, can be everything and such comparisons may well have been dismissed by Exis (or Rockers), at the time. There are also similarities to jazz musicians and some of their fans but the Exis did not listen exclusively to rock and roll, that unruly mix of
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Aside from the utterly transformed political and cultural atmosphere in
Germany after the war, the biggest difference between the two movements was that, where the Swing Kids wholeheartedly embraced American culture (right down to
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or conservative quality (and, given the middle-class background of most of them, this was probably unavoidable), many sought to distance themselves from the blue-jeaned, check-shirted excesses of
President
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for the nation's youth. Thus, they were bound to be more attractive to those adolescents, who were trying to stand out from the rest of society, than the "respectable" performers, whom parents admired.
141:, originally just outside the city boundary, was where people were allowed to "do their own thing", in various ways (but primarily when it came to religion), as far back as the eighteenth century.
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One of the factors, which had strengthened the link between
British musical acts and the Hamburg clubs, was the presence of large numbers of British servicemen (see
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member. Before the establishment of the
Federal Republic of Germany (i.e. West Germany) in 1949, the British forces had actually governed their sector.
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became internationally famous. In addition, "Hamburgers" have always had some sense of being different from other
Germans and the area around the
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of the 1930s. Both movements were heavily influenced by the prevailing popular culture and music of the United States, whether 1930s
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In any case, the St. Pauli district was a place for sailors to relax and artisans to experiment with new ideas, long before the
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were the most obvious symbols. In an interview with NPR,
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