269:
251:
666:
Caplan, M.L. and Bustin, R.M. 1996. Factors governing organic matter accumulation and preservation in a marine petroleum source rock from the Upper
Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Exshaw Formation, Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol. 44, no. 3, p.
458:
near Exshaw and typically ranges between 7 metres (20 ft) and 50 metres (160 ft) thick. It is a widespread unit that can be seen in outcrop at many locations in the
Canadian Rockies, and it is present in the subsurface from the prairies of northern
746:
649:
Meijer Dries, N.C. and
Johnston, D.I. 1996. Famennian and Tournaisian biostratigraphy of the Big Valley, Exshaw and Bakken Formations, southeastern Alberta and Southwestern Saskatchewan. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol. 44, no. 4, p.
419:. There is no evidence of disturbance by biological activity. They are believed to have been deposited in an offshore environment on the outer continental shelf under anoxic conditions. The shales are sparsely fossiliferous and contain some
679:
Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of
Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM.
741:
751:
716:
756:
446:
by burrowing marine organisms is common and indicates that they were deposited in an oxygenated environment, closer to the paleocoastline than the lower black shales were.
1609:
709:
631:
1599:
1584:
733:
702:
1604:
204:
1629:
1614:
612:"The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 13: Devonian Wabamun Group of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin"
568:
314:
685:
725:
813:
1574:
1624:
1589:
803:
610:
Mossop, G.D. and
Shetsen, I., (compilers), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Geological Survey (1994).
197:
597:
1619:
1579:
1421:
487:
Because the Exshaw
Formation is a widespread unit, it overlies different formations in different areas. It rests
1594:
1138:
808:
373:
350:
1416:
1165:
1160:
1150:
455:
338:
1538:
1380:
1303:
1288:
1116:
1101:
983:
917:
1543:
1387:
1123:
1069:
1015:
912:
907:
464:
1456:
1426:
1360:
1308:
1185:
1170:
1133:
1020:
973:
946:
860:
611:
572:
468:
369:
112:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1190:
1128:
978:
902:
865:
1518:
1486:
1446:
1370:
1333:
1268:
1253:
1111:
1079:
897:
885:
880:
845:
840:
508:
439:
148:
1513:
1481:
1451:
1436:
1355:
1318:
1248:
1243:
1084:
1064:
1047:
1000:
988:
956:
939:
934:
929:
875:
870:
681:
625:
492:
412:
140:
1528:
1508:
1441:
1407:
1375:
1263:
1175:
1096:
1074:
1042:
1037:
1025:
1005:
961:
890:
786:
772:
519:
504:
500:
476:
420:
416:
365:
322:
144:
1553:
1548:
1533:
1523:
1498:
1476:
1466:
1397:
1392:
1345:
1328:
1323:
1278:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1145:
1106:
1054:
777:
512:
472:
318:
289:
130:
1461:
1431:
1365:
1283:
1258:
1195:
1155:
1091:
1010:
995:
966:
924:
381:
329:
on the banks of Jura Creek north of Exshaw by P.S. Warren in 1937. The formation is of
1568:
358:
346:
330:
69:
27:
1493:
1032:
951:
850:
818:
694:
535:
527:
523:
488:
443:
310:
1471:
1338:
1298:
1293:
1273:
1180:
855:
798:
388:
342:
44:
38:
435:
428:
89:
54:
220:
206:
511:
in the
Canadian Rockies and foothills. It is disconformably overlain by the
408:
404:
385:
334:
185:
181:
94:
34:
518:
The Exshaw
Formation is equivalent to the lower and middle members of the
1313:
824:
454:
The Exshaw
Formation has a thickness of 46.7 metres (150 ft) at its
424:
354:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
434:
The upper member consists of brown-weathering, medium- to thick-bedded,
531:
496:
460:
326:
256:
99:
74:
415:
to laminated, and rich in organic matter, with scattered sulphide and
596:
Warren, P.S., 1937. Age of the Exshaw shale in the
Canadian Rockies.
274:
400:
377:
171:
364:
The Exshaw strata were deposited in a marine setting during the
698:
399:
The Exshaw Formation is informally subdivided into a lower
16:
Stratigraphic unit in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
411:
member. The lower shales are dark grey to black, thin-
1406:
1236:
833:
765:
732:
295:
285:
280:
262:
244:
196:
191:
177:
167:
162:
154:
136:
126:
118:
108:
21:
471:Arch, and the upper siltstone member is absent in
442:siltstones with subordinate silty limestones.
710:
8:
630:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
717:
703:
695:
18:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
391:of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
1610:Devonian southern paleotropical deposits
662:
660:
658:
656:
592:
590:
588:
675:
673:
547:
395:Lithology and Environment of Deposition
317:. It takes the name from the hamlet of
623:
1600:Carboniferous System of North America
600:, Series 5, volume 33, pages 454-457.
7:
747:Frontier exploration and development
645:
643:
641:
380:of the Exshaw Formation are rich in
1585:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
569:Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units
384:and are one of the most important
14:
1605:Devonian System of North America
726:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
315:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
267:
249:
325:, and was first described from
1630:Limestone formations of Canada
1615:Geologic formations of Alberta
1:
158:up to 50 metres (160 ft)
782:Northwestern Alberta Plains
598:American Journal of Science
483:Relationship to other units
1646:
450:Thickness and Distribution
26:
809:Northern Rocky Mountains
374:Late Devonian extinction
351:conodont biostratigraphy
795:North-central foothills
742:Oil sands and heavy oil
353:, and it straddles the
467:. It is absent at the
221:51.09139°N 115.15806°W
122:Lower and Upper Exshaw
1575:Carboniferous Alberta
465:Northwest Territories
1625:Siltstone formations
1590:Mississippian Series
766:Depositional regions
403:member and an upper
372:associated with the
370:oceanic anoxic event
226:51.09139; -115.15806
113:Geological formation
1544:Beaverhill Lake GRP
1388:Beaverhill Lake GRP
1237:Northeastern plains
1124:Beaverhill Lake GRP
752:Natural gas liquids
734:Hydrocarbon history
339:Early Mississippian
216: /
28:Stratigraphic range
1422:Porcupine Hills FM
974:Schooler Creek GRP
573:"Exshaw Formation"
509:Palliser Formation
149:Palliser Formation
1562:
1561:
1139:Fort Vermilion FM
903:Fort St. John GRP
792:North-east Plains
493:Wabamun Formation
421:conodont elements
417:phosphate nodules
349:as determined by
303:
302:
299:P.S. Warren, 1937
141:Wabamun Formation
1637:
1620:Shale formations
1580:Devonian Alberta
1417:Cypress Hills FM
1408:Southern Alberta
1166:Sulphur Point FM
1151:Watt Mountain FM
962:Poker Chip Shale
834:Northwest plains
787:Canadian Rockies
773:Southern Alberta
719:
712:
705:
696:
689:
677:
668:
664:
651:
647:
636:
635:
629:
621:
619:
618:
607:
601:
594:
583:
582:
580:
579:
565:
524:southern Alberta
520:Bakken Formation
505:British Columbia
503:in northeastern
501:Kotcho Formation
477:northern Alberta
366:Hangenberg event
323:Canadian Rockies
307:Exshaw Formation
273:
271:
270:
255:
253:
252:
240:
239:
237:
236:
235:
233:
232:Exshaw Formation
228:
227:
222:
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
145:Kotcho Formation
104:
41:
22:Exshaw Formation
19:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1595:Famennian Stage
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1554:Canadian Shield
1539:Cooking Lake FM
1437:Belly River GRP
1402:
1398:Canadian Shield
1381:Cooking Lake FM
1319:Lloydminster SS
1289:Grand Rapids FM
1249:Belly River GRP
1232:
1228:Canadian Shield
1117:Cooking Lake FM
1102:Fort Simpson FM
984:Charlie Lake FM
918:Spirit River FM
886:Pouce Coupe MBR
829:
778:Central Alberta
761:
728:
723:
693:
692:
678:
671:
665:
654:
648:
639:
622:
616:
614:
609:
608:
604:
595:
586:
577:
575:
567:
566:
549:
544:
515:in most areas.
513:Banff Formation
485:
473:central Alberta
452:
397:
319:Exshaw, Alberta
290:Exshaw, Alberta
268:
266:
250:
248:
231:
229:
225:
223:
219:
218:
215:
210:
207:
205:
203:
202:
131:Banff Formation
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
32:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1216:Basal Red Beds
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:Jean Marie MBR
1077:
1072:
1070:Trout River FM
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:Taylor Flat FM
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
992:
991:
986:
981:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
957:Rock Creek MBR
949:
944:
943:
942:
937:
932:
922:
921:
920:
915:
913:Peace River FM
910:
908:Shaftesbury FM
900:
895:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
853:
848:
843:
837:
835:
831:
830:
828:
827:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
793:
790:
785:South-central
783:
780:
775:
769:
767:
763:
762:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
736:
730:
729:
724:
722:
721:
714:
707:
699:
691:
690:
669:
652:
637:
602:
584:
546:
545:
543:
540:
489:disconformably
484:
481:
451:
448:
396:
393:
382:organic matter
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
282:
278:
277:
264:
260:
259:
246:
242:
241:
200:
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138:
134:
133:
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98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1642:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Elk Point GRP
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Mannville GRP
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Milk River FM
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Ravenscrag FM
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Elk Point GRP
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Winterburn FM
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Clearwater FM
1307:
1305:
1304:Gen. Petr. SS
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:Mannville GRP
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Pine Point FM
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:Presqu’ile FM
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:Elk Point GRP
1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:Swan Hills FM
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Kiskatinaw FM
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
948:
947:Nikanassin FM
945:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
891:Doe Creek MBR
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:Puskwaskau FM
859:
858:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
832:
826:
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:Fort St. John
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
768:
764:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
737:
735:
731:
727:
720:
715:
713:
708:
706:
701:
700:
697:
687:
686:0-920230-23-7
683:
676:
674:
670:
663:
661:
659:
657:
653:
646:
644:
642:
638:
633:
627:
613:
606:
603:
599:
593:
591:
589:
585:
574:
570:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
548:
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
482:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
456:type locality
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
394:
392:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
359:Carboniferous
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:Late Devonian
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:stratigraphic
308:
298:
294:
291:
288:
284:
279:
276:
265:
261:
258:
247:
243:
238:
201:
199:
195:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
36:
29:
25:
20:
1503:
1462:Colorado GRP
1432:Edmonton GRP
1366:Woodbend GRP
1350:
1329:Cummings MBR
1324:Wabiskaw MBR
1259:La Biche GRP
1221:Granite Wash
1211:Ernestina FM
1206:Cold Lake FM
1201:Chinchaga FM
1191:Keg River FM
1156:Gillwood MBR
1129:Waterways FM
1092:Woodbend GRP
1059:
1011:Stoddart GRP
979:Baldonnel FM
925:Bullhead GRP
819:Saskatchewan
615:. Retrieved
605:
576:. Retrieved
536:North Dakota
528:Saskatchewan
517:
499:plains, the
486:
463:to southern
453:
444:Bioturbation
433:
398:
389:source rocks
376:. The black
363:
313:unit in the
306:
304:
281:Type section
1519:Crowfoot FM
1487:Sawtooth FM
1447:Foremost FM
1371:Grosmont FM
1334:McMurray FM
1284:McLaren MBR
1269:Joli Fou FM
1254:Lea Park FM
1196:Rainbow MBR
1186:Black Shale
1112:Duvernay FM
1080:Redknife FM
967:Nordegg MBR
898:Dunvegan FM
881:Kaskapau FM
866:Badheart FM
846:Scollard FM
841:Paskapoo FM
804:Fort Nelson
799:Liard River
757:Natural gas
526:, southern
469:Peace River
343:Tournaisian
224: /
211:115°09′29″W
198:Coordinates
39:Tournaisian
1569:Categories
1514:Wabamun FM
1494:Rundle GRP
1482:Rierdon FM
1452:Pakowki FM
1376:Irteton FM
1356:Wabamun FM
1244:Bearpaw FM
1097:Irteton FM
1065:Wabamun FM
1048:Pekisko FM
1033:Rundle GRP
1001:Montney FM
989:Halfway FM
952:Fernie GRP
940:Cadomin FM
935:Gething FM
930:Bluesky FM
876:Cardium FM
871:Muskiki FM
851:Wapiti GRP
617:2014-10-18
578:2009-03-01
542:References
507:, and the
436:calcareous
429:brachiopod
361:boundary.
230: (
208:51°05′29″N
37:to Middle
1529:Ireton FM
1509:Bakken FM
1504:Exshaw FM
1472:Ellis GRP
1442:Oldman FM
1351:Exshaw FM
1299:Sparky SS
1294:Waseca SS
1274:Colony SS
1264:Viking FM
1176:Muskeg FM
1075:Kakisa FM
1060:Exshaw FM
1043:Shunda FM
1038:Debolt FM
1026:Golata FM
1006:Belloy FM
856:Smoky GRP
789:foothills
440:dolomitic
425:ostracods
409:limestone
405:siltstone
386:petroleum
335:Famennian
286:Named for
186:limestone
182:Siltstone
163:Lithology
155:Thickness
127:Underlies
119:Sub-units
35:Famennian
1534:Leduc FM
1524:Nisku FM
1499:Banff FM
1477:Swift FM
1346:Banff FM
1339:Dina MBR
1181:Zama MBR
1107:Leduc FM
1055:Banff FM
825:Manitoba
823:Western
667:474-494.
650:683-694.
626:cite web
431:shells.
355:Devonian
341:(middle
327:outcrops
296:Named by
192:Location
137:Overlies
996:Doig FM
532:Montana
497:Alberta
495:in the
491:on the
461:Montana
321:in the
263:Country
257:Alberta
168:Primary
1410:plains
1314:Rex SS
684:
413:bedded
378:shales
333:(late
275:Canada
272:
254:
245:Region
401:shale
368:, an
337:) to
309:is a
178:Other
172:Shale
33:Late
682:ISBN
632:link
534:and
475:and
438:and
427:and
407:and
305:The
109:Type
45:PreꞒ
522:in
347:age
1571::
672:^
655:^
640:^
628:}}
624:{{
587:^
571:.
550:^
538:.
530:,
479:.
423:,
345:)
184:,
147:,
143:,
95:Pg
30::
718:e
711:t
704:v
688:.
634:)
620:.
581:.
357:-
234:)
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:Ꞓ
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