719:
731:
707:
36:
566:
674:
197:
658:
340:
695:
488:
730:
624:
28:
438:
639:
553:, the Baptism of Christ and many others with portraits, mythological scenes, pastoral scenes, topographical views and literary and anecdotal images. About a thousand such 'European subject' designs are known from the long 18th century. Many of the original print sources have been identified though many remain to be found. Other examples include the
706:
736:
19th century porcelain vase with cover painted with overglaze enamels and gilding Canton or
Guangdong province, in southern China. This type of ware, known for its colourful decoration that covers most of the surface of the piece, was popular as an export ware. On the backside of the porcelain vase a
579:
As trade with China developed, finer quality wares were shipped by private traders who rented space on the ships of the companies trading with the country. The bulk export wares of the 18th century were typically teawares and dinner services, often blue and white decorated with flowers, pine, prunus,
129:
It took some time for feedback from export markets to influence the shapes and decoration of the
Chinese product, especially in earlier periods, and with distant markets such as Europe. Initially markets were sent what the Chinese market, or older exports markets, liked. With the increasing reach of
105:
on
Western definitions, is one of the wares to produce large dishes that reflected Islamic dining habits, rather than the deeper bowls used by the Chinese. In general, wares made for export, especially in the early periods, were "mainly strong and rather roughly-finished articles", compared to those
412:
records that "...the porcelain that is sent to Europe is made after new models that are often eccentric and difficult to reproduce; for the least defect they are refused by the merchants, and so they remain in the hands of the potters, who cannot sell them to the
Chinese, for they do not like such
595:
Highly decorative Canton porcelain was produced throughout the 19th century, but the quality of wares waned. By the end of the century, blue and white wares in the Kangxi style were produced in large quantities and almost every earlier style and type was copied into the 20th century.
718:
109:
Other types of
Chinese wares made mainly for export to other markets may or may not be covered; they are certainly described as export wares in discussing the Chinese industry, but much discussion in Western sources only refers to wares intended for Europe. The other types include
538:
enamels for the export market included the
Mandarin Palette. Specific patterns such as tobacco leaf and faux tobacco leaf were popular as were, from around 1800, Canton decorated porcelain with its figures and birds, flowers and insects. Many other types of decoration such as
416:
In the later 18th century, as
European porcelain factories became established, there was more competition, and the quality of export wares declined, with many using fussy and over-elaborate shapes and decoration. So-called Canton porcelain was made as "blanks" at
599:
In modern times, historic
Chinese export porcelain is popular with the international fine arts market, though recently less so than wares made for the domestic market. In 2016, collections were auctioned for tens of millions USD, through companies such as
611:
In recent decades, modern porcelain production for export, mainly of basic household wares in contemporary styles, has increased enormously and once again become an important industry for China. Production of imitations of historic wares also continues.
673:
592:(enamelled) in the Netherlands and England to enhance their decorative appeal. By the late 18th century, imports from China had declined due to changing tastes and competition from new European factories, which used mass-production.
657:
476:
in blue and white. Chinese potters copied the popular
Japanese Imari porcelains, which continued to be made for export into the second half of the 18th century, examples being recovered as part of the
35:
694:
623:
255:. Chinese export porcelain was generally decorative, but without the symbolic significance of wares produced for the Chinese home market. Except for the rare Huashi soft paste wares, traditionally
1448:
977:
193:, assembled during the mid-16th century. These early collections, typically of blue-and-white ware, were regarded as rare curios and art objects, and were often mounted in precious metals.
298:
and their cargos, which included thousands of items of porcelain, were sold off at an auction, igniting a
European interest for porcelain. Buyers included the Kings of England and France.
39:
Chinese blue and white export porcelain, with European scene and French inscription "The Empire of virtue is established to the end of the Universe", Kangxi period, 1690–1700
1129:
549:. One significant and diverse group of export wares is those with European subject designs copied from Western prints taken out to China. Well known examples include the
565:
404:
For the potters of Jingdezhen the manufacture of porcelain wares for the European export market presented new difficulties. Writing from the city in 1712, the French
955:
Porcelain and the Dutch East India Company: As Recorded in the Dagh-Registers of Batavia Castle, Those of Hirado and Deshima and Other Contemporary Papers; 1602–1682
453:
on Chinese porcelain can be found on pieces made as early as the 16th century, around 1700 the demand for armorial porcelain increased dramatically. Thousands of
332:
The trade continued until the mid-17th century when the Ming dynasty fell in 1644, and civil war disrupted porcelain production. European traders then turned to
182:
196:
389:
The massive increase in imports allowed purchasers to amass large collections, which were often displayed in dedicated rooms or purpose-built structures. The
382:). Wares included garnitures of vases, dishes, teawares, ewers, and other useful wares along with figurines, animals and birds. Blanc de Chine porcelains and
1983:
1885:
1870:
523:
dancers were made for export to Europe. Birds and animals, including cows, cranes, dogs, eagles, elephants, pheasants, monkeys and puppies, were popular.
2324:
1548:
1171:
2295:
1456:
150:'s conquests in Persia, Syria, and Egypt from 1514 to 1517. These brought back large quantities of Chinese porcelain from the royal collections of
989:
339:
146:, though these were not made to match European taste. Turkey's acquisitions of Chinese porcelain were sporadic and on a small scale before Sultan
638:
461:
being sent out to China to be copied and shipped back to Europe and, from the late 18th century, to North America. Some were lavishly painted in
2330:
1895:
2187:
1623:
766:
239:, which were all largely or entirely made for export, as well as other types that were also sold to the domestic market. This group included
94:
2115:
1211:
370:
was reorganised and the export trade soon flourished again. Chinese export porcelain from the late 17th century included blue-and-white and
487:
73:
It is typically not used as a descriptive term for the much earlier wares that were produced to reflect Islamic taste and exported to the
1024:
2269:
2055:
1583:
409:
336:
instead, though much of that was still traded through Chinese ports. However, the Chinese had reasserted their dominance by the 1740s.
2393:
2259:
2037:
1256:
712:
Porcelain tureen and tray with lid shaped like a mandarin duck, decorated in overglaze enamels and gilding, Qing dynasty, c. 1750–1760
2291:
2007:
1724:
1514:
1397:
1332:
252:
190:
282:
blue and white porcelains to Europe, resulting in the growth of the Kraak porcelain trade (named after the Portuguese ships called
1320:
China Trade Porcelain: Patterns of Exchange: Additions to the Helena Woolworth McCann Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
1137:
267:. While rim chips and hairline cracks are common, pieces tend not to stain. Chinese wares were usually thinner than those of the
1318:
2398:
2073:
2061:
953:
58:
between the 16th and the 20th century. Whether wares made for non-Western markets are covered by the term depends on context.
1758:
1500:
1493:
1102:
268:
2121:
2031:
1718:
761:
680:
322:
343:
Dutch 17th-century still-life painting by Jan Jansz. Treck, showing late Ming blue and white porcelain export bowls, 1649
2306:
2151:
1832:
2181:
2264:
867:
800:"Between the Islamic and Chinese Universal Empires: The Ottoman Empire, Ming Dynasty, and Global Age of Explorations"
2388:
2348:
2169:
1989:
1506:
1324:
1280:
326:
1092:
2354:
1971:
1763:
751:
348:
333:
318:
310:
1183:
511:(the god of contentment), figurines with nodding heads, seated monks and laughing boys as well as figurines of
306:
248:
131:
82:
1576:
347:
As valuable and highly prized possessions, pieces of Chinese export porcelain appeared in many 17th century
2109:
2079:
1855:
1688:
224:
106:
for the elite domestic market, to allow for the stresses of transport, and less sophisticated customers.
2049:
1995:
1977:
1929:
756:
421:, then carried to Canton (Guangzhou) where it was painted in styles designed for Western markets at the
390:
27:
2157:
437:
355:
includes two Kraak-style bowls, probably late Ming, one in the foreground of a type the Dutch called
2300:
2254:
2223:
2213:
2208:
2001:
1682:
1556:
644:
629:
367:
174:
1249:
Mandarin and Menagerie: James E. Sowell Collection v. I: Chinese and Japanese Export Ceramic Figures
134:, this became possible, and eventually even specific armorial designs could be ordered from Europe.
2175:
1965:
1953:
394:
166:
in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries are recorded as having purchased Chinese porcelain there.
1272:
309:
or VOC. Between 1602 and 1682 the company carried between 30 and 35 million pieces of Chinese and
2366:
2360:
2013:
1569:
1222:
1179:
550:
422:
314:
228:
2019:
1094:
The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: Before and After the 2001 UNESCO Convention
2342:
2274:
2233:
2091:
2043:
1935:
1510:
1489:
1393:
1328:
1252:
1098:
1030:
819:
554:
546:
275:
159:
47:
737:
military general depicted in front of a walled city gate has a banner with the surname "Ma".
301:
After this, a number of European nations established companies trading with the countries of
2145:
2103:
2085:
1959:
1941:
1917:
1890:
1730:
1712:
1613:
985:
811:
520:
450:
405:
352:
256:
232:
115:
98:
59:
2312:
2133:
2025:
1923:
1785:
1700:
496:
465:
236:
216:
162:
then had the largest collection of Chinese porcelain outside China. European visitors to
2336:
2228:
2097:
1790:
1694:
585:
503:
or metalwork were made. Oriental figurines included Chinese gods and goddesses such as
363:
244:
143:
81:, though these were also very important, apparently driving the development of Chinese
1542:
2382:
2139:
1900:
1646:
1628:
1485:
605:
472:, while others, particularly later examples, might incorporate only a small crest or
442:
186:
178:
55:
401:
tiles both on the interior and exterior of the building. It was demolished in 1687.
2238:
1676:
1538:
Gotheborg.com Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Collectors' Help and Info Page
685:
571:
481:
458:
426:
279:
86:
78:
63:
1947:
601:
1421:
1053:
359:. The blue pigment used by the artist faded badly since the picture was painted.
1849:
1805:
1800:
1706:
648:
512:
295:
240:
220:
111:
74:
17:
2218:
1780:
815:
462:
425:, often including armorial porcelain for dining wares, with the design of the
418:
823:
632:
ewer, in an Islamic shape, with the arms of a Portuguese family, c. 1522–1566
397:'s collection of blue-and-white porcelain, set against French blue-and-white
386:
stonewares arriving in Europe and gave inspiration to many European potters.
286:
in which it was transported). In 1602 and 1604, two Portuguese carracks, the
1670:
1664:
1592:
541:
454:
302:
260:
205:
102:
67:
1356:
393:
built between 1670 and 1672 was a Baroque pavilion constructed to display
2067:
1795:
1658:
473:
264:
163:
155:
126:, but not Europe, between roughly the Tang and the early Ming dynasties.
2318:
2163:
2127:
1652:
516:
504:
500:
477:
469:
398:
283:
212:
170:
147:
123:
119:
1385:
Svenska ostindiska compagnierna 1731–1813: kryddor, te, porslin, siden
1390:
The Swedish East India company 1731–1813: spice, tea, porcelain, silk
664:
581:
383:
151:
51:
799:
114:(c. 1575–1625), made for South-East Asian and Japanese markets, and
1543:
East and West: Chinese Export Porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art
118:, made mainly for the Japanese market in the 17th century. Chinese
564:
508:
486:
436:
338:
195:
34:
26:
1383:
1212:"21st Century Antiques – Chinese Export Porcelain in China Today"
366:'s reign (1662–1722) the Chinese porcelain industry, now largely
1449:"2016 Top 20 Chinese porcelain auctions (Sotheby's/ Christie's)"
90:
31:
An armorial dinner service for the American market, c. 1785–1790
1565:
724:
Plate from the armorial Gripsholm Service, for Sweden, c. 1776
491:
Qing export porcelain with European Christian scene, 1725–1735
1392:] (in Swedish) (2 ed.). Malmö: Allhem. p. 134.
1023:
Burton, William (1906). "The Letters of Père D'Entrecolles".
66:
if not earlier, though initially they may not be regarded as
1561:
1537:
200:
Chinese porcelain plate for a Dutch sea-captain of the ship
913:
911:
700:
Export porcelain vase with a European scene, Kangxi period
515:
men and women. From the mid-18th century, even copies of
169:
Some other pieces came via the Portuguese settlement of
679:
A set of medallion, rice dish, and dinner plate of the
530:
palette was adopted and quickly supplanted the earlier
1549:"A History of Chinese Export Porcelain in Ten Objects"
978:"Still Life with a Pewter Flagon and Two Ming Bowls"
142:
Europeans purchased some Chinese porcelain from the
2283:
2247:
2201:
1910:
1878:
1869:
1842:
1825:
1818:
1773:
1751:
1744:
1639:
1606:
1599:
1091:Garabello, Roberta; Scovazzi, Tullio, eds. (2003).
305:, the most significant for the porcelain being the
958:. Vol. 11. Leiden: Brill Archive. p. 59
50:that was made (almost) exclusively for export to
557:from the Macquarie era in Australia, 1810–1820.
1505:(revised and extended ed.). New York: The
1097:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 23–28.
837:
835:
833:
429:of the buyer sent out from Europe and copied.
329:some 20 million pieces between 1766 and 1786.
1577:
495:A wide variety of shapes, some of Chinese or
8:
1306:. Vol. 34. Australiana. pp. 18–30.
569:Qing export porcelain with European figure,
317:also imported around 30 million pieces, the
1029:. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. Archived from
861:
859:
457:were ordered with drawings of individuals'
130:European trading companies, especially the
1875:
1822:
1748:
1603:
1584:
1570:
1562:
1158:
1078:
1026:Porcelain: its nature, art and manufacture
1010:
931:Porcelain and the Dutch East India Company
917:
902:
890:
850:
1480:Meister, Peter Wilhelm and Reber, Horst.
1205:
1203:
1201:
1247:Cohen, Michael; Motley, William (2008).
1123:
1121:
1210:Creutzfeldt, Benjamin (November 2003).
777:
619:
441:18th-century Chinese export porcelain,
1896:Chinese porcelain in European painting
1499:Valenstein, Susan G. (December 1989).
1482:European Porcelain of the 18th Century
1304:Chinese puzzles, the Sydney punchbowls
869:Beginner's Guide To Antique Collection
584:landscapes, a style that inspired the
62:made mainly for export go back to the
1624:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
767:Economic history of China before 1912
663:Kangxi porcelain adorned with French
138:Wares for Europe, to the 18th century
95:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
7:
1422:"Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) Porcelain"
1136:. Greenville Journal. Archived from
933:London; Victoria & Albert Museum
253:famille verte, noire, jaune and rose
2260:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
1251:. Reigate, UK: Cohen & Cohen.
25:
1725:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
534:porcelains of the Kangxi period.
2319:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
1455:. Leung Yi Ching. Archived from
1130:"19th Century Chinese Porcelain"
798:Chen, Yuan Julian (2021-10-11).
729:
717:
705:
693:
672:
656:
637:
622:
575:, first half of the 18th century
480:cargo from the shipwreck of the
191:Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria
804:Journal of Early Modern History
1502:A handbook of Chinese ceramics
1357:""Clobbered" export porcelain"
866:Newton, Bettina (2014). "14".
271:and did not have stilt marks.
183:Chamber of Art and Curiosities
1:
2325:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
2270:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
1317:Le Corbeiller, Clare (1974).
1302:Ellis, Elizabeth (May 2012).
786:The Wares of the Ming Dynasty
762:Porcelain trade in Qing China
739:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
681:Double Peacock Dinner Service
410:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
323:Portuguese East India Company
278:traders began importing late
2307:Dresden Porcelain Collection
1219:Antique Collector's Magazine
1382:Kjellberg, Sven T. (1975).
507:(the goddess of mercy) and
189:contains the collection of
2415:
2349:Victoria and Albert Museum
1507:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1325:Metropolitan Museum of Art
982:www.nationalgallery.org.uk
788:, "Preface", 2nd edn, 1962
545:or Jesuit wares, made for
526:From around 1720, the new
368:concentrated at Jingdezhen
327:Swedish East India Company
315:English East India Company
177:had several acquired from
2394:Economic history of China
2355:Museum of Royal Worcester
2331:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
2296:Percival David Foundation
2290:British Museum (London):
1764:Japanese export porcelain
1453:www.zentopia-culture.com/
1134:www.greenvillejournal.com
816:10.1163/15700658-bja10030
752:Japanese export porcelain
334:Japanese export porcelain
319:French East India Company
311:Japanese export porcelain
122:were exported to most of
46:includes a wide range of
2265:Johann Friedrich Böttger
1619:Chinese export porcelain
1553:Ceramics in America 2014
1172:"Export Goods Porcelain"
374:wares (and occasionally
307:Dutch East India Company
249:blue and white porcelain
83:blue and white porcelain
44:Chinese export porcelain
1281:Encyclopædia Britannica
499:origin, others copying
294:, were captured by the
2399:Foreign trade of China
588:. They were sometimes
576:
547:Christian missionaries
492:
446:
344:
225:transitional porcelain
209:
101:, which is mostly not
40:
32:
1547:Fuchs, Ronald W. II,
757:Chinese export silver
568:
490:
440:
391:Trianon de Porcelaine
342:
274:In the 16th century,
199:
38:
30:
2301:The David Collection
2224:Overglaze decoration
2214:Hard-paste porcelain
2209:Soft-paste porcelain
1557:Chipstone Foundation
1176:www.pin1.harvard.edu
1054:"Armorial porcelain"
1033:on 23 September 2015
645:Jingdezhen porcelain
630:Jingdezhen porcelain
2158:Bing & Grøndahl
2122:Dihl & Guérhard
2020:Villeroy & Boch
1459:on 24 February 2019
1420:Nilsson, Jan-Erik.
1355:Nilsson, Jan-Erik.
1161:, pp. 126–268.
1128:Stephenson, Sarah.
1052:Nilsson, Jan-Erik.
1013:, pp. 219–236.
433:Wares and figurines
325:10 million and the
2367:Ludwigsburg Palace
2361:Walters Art Museum
1759:Japanese porcelain
1649:(16th century BCE)
1428:. Jan-Erik Nilsson
1363:. Jan-Erik Nilsson
1361:www.gotheborg.com/
1277:www.britannica.com
1180:Harvard University
1060:. Jan-Erik Nilsson
1058:www.gotheborg.com/
952:Volker, T (1954).
929:Volker, T. (1954)
665:gilt-bronze mounts
577:
551:Judgement of Paris
519:figurines such as
493:
449:Although European
447:
423:Thirteen Factories
351:. A still life by
345:
229:armorial porcelain
210:
41:
33:
2389:Chinese porcelain
2376:
2375:
2275:Dmitry Vinogradov
2197:
2196:
2170:Wagner & Apel
1886:List of companies
1865:
1864:
1814:
1813:
1740:
1739:
1697:(14th century on)
1691:(14th century on)
1685:(11th century on)
1614:Chinese porcelain
1447:Yi Ching, Leung.
1426:www.gotheborg.com
1228:on 6 January 2015
1186:on 6 January 2015
1140:on 6 January 2015
992:on 6 January 2015
555:Sydney punchbowls
257:Chinese porcelain
241:Yixing stonewares
158:, and Cairo. The
48:Chinese porcelain
16:(Redirected from
2406:
1984:Saint Petersburg
1891:French porcelain
1876:
1833:Korean porcelain
1823:
1749:
1604:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1563:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1221:. Archived from
1216:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:. Archived from
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
988:. Archived from
986:National Gallery
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
949:
943:
940:
934:
927:
921:
915:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
863:
854:
848:
842:
839:
828:
827:
795:
789:
782:
733:
721:
709:
697:
676:
660:
651:mount, 1590–1610
641:
626:
408:missionary Père
353:Jan Jansz. Treck
321:12 million, the
233:Canton porcelain
116:Tianqi porcelain
99:Longquan celadon
60:Chinese ceramics
21:
18:Export porcelain
2414:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2313:Gardiner Museum
2292:Asia Department
2279:
2243:
2193:
2134:Hutschenreuther
1906:
1903:
1861:
1838:
1835:
1810:
1769:
1766:
1736:
1635:
1632:
1595:
1590:
1534:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1498:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1159:Valenstein 1989
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1079:Valenstein 1989
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1011:Valenstein 1989
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
976:
975:
971:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
941:
937:
928:
924:
918:Valenstein 1989
916:
909:
903:Valenstein 1989
901:
897:
891:Valenstein 1989
889:
885:
875:
873:
865:
864:
857:
851:Valenstein 1989
849:
845:
840:
831:
797:
796:
792:
784:Hobson, R. L.,
783:
779:
775:
748:
741:
734:
725:
722:
713:
710:
701:
698:
689:
677:
668:
661:
652:
642:
633:
627:
618:
580:bamboo or with
563:
435:
349:Dutch paintings
259:was made using
217:Kraak porcelain
140:
93:dynasties (see
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2412:
2410:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2343:Topkapı Palace
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2229:China painting
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1858:(14th century)
1853:
1852:(10th century)
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:(18th century)
1728:
1727:(17th century)
1722:
1721:(17th century)
1716:
1715:(17th century)
1710:
1709:(16th century)
1704:
1703:(16th century)
1698:
1695:Blanc de Chine
1692:
1689:Blue and white
1686:
1680:
1679:(12th century)
1674:
1673:(10th century)
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1532:External links
1530:
1529:
1528:
1515:
1496:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1439:
1412:
1398:
1374:
1347:
1333:
1309:
1294:
1264:
1258:978-0953718597
1257:
1239:
1197:
1163:
1151:
1117:
1103:
1083:
1081:, p. 236.
1071:
1044:
1015:
1003:
969:
944:
935:
922:
920:, p. 197.
907:
905:, p. 312.
895:
893:, p. 242.
883:
855:
853:, p. 193.
843:
829:
810:(5): 422–456.
790:
776:
774:
771:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
747:
744:
743:
742:
735:
728:
726:
723:
716:
714:
711:
704:
702:
699:
692:
690:
678:
671:
669:
662:
655:
653:
643:
636:
634:
628:
621:
617:
614:
586:willow pattern
562:
559:
542:encre de chine
434:
431:
364:Kangxi Emperor
292:Santa Catarina
245:Blanc de Chine
160:Topkapi Palace
144:Ottoman Empire
139:
136:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2411:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2369:(Ludwigsburg)
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2337:Palace Museum
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1901:Armorial ware
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:(6th century)
1666:
1663:
1661:(2nd century)
1660:
1657:
1655:(1st century)
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:Proto-celadon
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1629:Fonthill Vase
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1518:
1516:0-87099-514-6
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:Phaidon Press
1483:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1401:
1399:91-7004-058-3
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1375:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1336:
1334:0-87099-089-6
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:"Jesuit ware"
1268:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
991:
987:
983:
979:
973:
970:
957:
956:
948:
945:
942:Meister, p 18
939:
936:
932:
926:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
899:
896:
892:
887:
884:
872:. Karan Kerry
871:
870:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
844:
841:Meister, p 17
838:
836:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
791:
787:
781:
778:
772:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
745:
740:
732:
727:
720:
715:
708:
703:
696:
691:
688:
687:
682:
675:
670:
666:
659:
654:
650:
647:with English
646:
640:
635:
631:
625:
620:
615:
613:
609:
607:
603:
597:
593:
591:
587:
583:
574:
573:
567:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
537:
533:
532:famille verte
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
489:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
443:Guimet Museum
439:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
414:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
380:famille jaune
377:
376:famille noire
373:
372:famille verte
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
341:
337:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:Chinese Imari
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
207:
203:
198:
194:
192:
188:
187:Ambras Castle
184:
180:
179:Vasco da Gama
176:
175:King Manuel I
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
137:
135:
133:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:North America
54:and later to
53:
49:
45:
37:
29:
19:
2303:(Copenhagen)
2239:Factory mark
2202:Technologies
2110:Clignancourt
1618:
1552:
1520:. Retrieved
1501:
1481:
1475:Bibliography
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1452:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1425:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1389:
1384:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1360:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1323:. New York:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1248:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1218:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1175:
1166:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1133:
1108:. Retrieved
1093:
1086:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1057:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1031:the original
1025:
1018:
1006:
994:. Retrieved
990:the original
981:
972:
960:. Retrieved
954:
947:
938:
930:
925:
898:
886:
874:. Retrieved
868:
846:
807:
803:
793:
785:
780:
738:
686:famille rose
684:
610:
598:
594:
589:
578:
572:famille rose
570:
540:
536:Famille rose
535:
531:
528:famille rose
527:
525:
494:
482:Geldermalsen
459:coat of arms
448:
427:coat of arms
415:
403:
388:
379:
375:
371:
361:
356:
346:
331:
300:
291:
287:
280:Ming dynasty
273:
211:
201:
168:
141:
128:
108:
79:Central Asia
72:
64:Tang dynasty
43:
42:
2363:(Baltimore)
2357:(Worcester)
2284:Collections
2050:Ludwigsburg
2032:Frankenthal
2008:Nymphenburg
2002:FĂĽrstenberg
1978:Capodimonte
1930:Saint-Cloud
667:, 1710–1720
649:silver-gilt
561:Later trade
221:Swatow ware
112:Swatow ware
75:Middle East
2383:Categories
2345:(Istanbul)
2219:Bone china
2104:Copenhagen
2098:Loosdrecht
2080:Wallendorf
1683:Jingdezhen
1494:0714821977
1463:15 January
1104:9041122036
773:References
606:Christie's
463:polychrome
419:Jingdezhen
362:Under the
276:Portuguese
2339:(Beijing)
2315:(Toronto)
2309:(Dresden)
2182:Porsgrund
2176:Rosenthal
2116:Hollóháza
2026:Worcester
1966:Vincennes
1954:Chantilly
1948:Rörstrand
1791:Nabeshima
1593:Porcelain
1522:6 January
1432:6 January
1367:6 January
1340:6 January
1287:6 January
1232:6 January
1190:6 January
1144:6 January
1110:6 January
1064:6 January
1037:5 January
996:6 January
962:6 January
876:6 January
824:1385-3783
602:Sotheby's
590:clobbered
413:pieces".
395:Louis XIV
303:East Asia
132:Dutch VOC
103:porcelain
68:porcelain
2351:(London)
2321:(Moscow)
2255:Chinamen
2188:Augarten
2068:Wedgwood
2014:Plymouth
1879:General:
1826:General:
1796:Kakiemon
1752:General:
1607:General:
1484:, 1983,
746:See also
521:Tyrolean
474:monogram
455:services
357:klapmuts
288:San Yago
284:carracks
269:Japanese
265:petuntse
215:include
164:Istanbul
156:Damascus
120:celadons
2333:(Paris)
2327:(Paris)
2234:Biscuit
2164:Zsolnay
2140:Doulton
2128:Mintons
2092:Limoges
1990:Mennecy
1972:Chelsea
1936:Meissen
1677:Qingbai
1653:Celadon
1405:19 July
616:Gallery
517:Meissen
505:Guanyin
501:faience
497:Islamic
478:Nanjing
470:gilding
466:enamels
445:, Paris
399:faience
202:Vryburg
171:Malacca
148:Selim I
124:Eurasia
85:in the
2248:People
2190:(1923)
2184:(1885)
2178:(1879)
2172:(1877)
2166:(1853)
2160:(1853)
2154:(1826)
2152:Herend
2148:(1822)
2146:Lichte
2142:(1815)
2136:(1814)
2130:(1793)
2124:(1781)
2118:(1777)
2112:(1775)
2106:(1775)
2100:(1774)
2094:(1771)
2088:(1768)
2082:(1764)
2076:(1763)
2074:Berlin
2070:(1759)
2064:(1760)
2062:Retiro
2058:(1759)
2052:(1758)
2046:(1757)
2040:(1756)
2038:Sèvres
2034:(1755)
2028:(1751)
2022:(1748)
2016:(1748)
2010:(1747)
2004:(1747)
1998:(1747)
1992:(1745)
1986:(1744)
1980:(1743)
1974:(1743)
1968:(1740)
1962:(1735)
1960:Doccia
1956:(1730)
1950:(1726)
1944:(1718)
1942:Vienna
1938:(1710)
1932:(1693)
1926:(1673)
1920:(1575)
1918:Medici
1911:Types:
1871:Europe
1856:Joseon
1850:Goryeo
1843:Types:
1806:Hirado
1801:Kutani
1774:Types:
1731:Canton
1719:Kangxi
1713:Tianqi
1707:Swatow
1640:Types:
1631:(1338)
1513:
1492:
1396:
1331:
1255:
1101:
984:. The
822:
582:pagoda
451:crests
406:Jesuit
384:Yixing
313:. The
261:kaolin
251:, and
235:, and
208:, 1756
206:Canton
181:. The
152:Tabriz
52:Europe
2086:Revol
2056:Weesp
2044:Derby
1924:Rouen
1819:Korea
1786:Imari
1781:Arita
1745:Japan
1701:Kraak
1600:China
1388:[
1283:, Inc
1226:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
513:Dutch
509:Budai
296:Dutch
213:Wares
1671:Ding
1665:Xing
1524:2015
1511:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1465:2017
1434:2015
1407:2014
1394:ISBN
1369:2015
1342:2015
1329:ISBN
1289:2015
1253:ISBN
1234:2015
1192:2015
1146:2015
1112:2015
1099:ISBN
1066:2015
1039:2015
998:2015
964:2015
878:2015
820:ISSN
604:and
468:and
378:and
290:and
263:and
91:Ming
89:and
87:Yuan
77:and
1996:Bow
1659:Yue
812:doi
185:at
97:).
2385::
2294:/
1555:,
1551:,
1509:.
1488:,
1451:.
1424:.
1359:.
1327:.
1279:.
1275:.
1217:.
1200:^
1178:.
1174:.
1132:.
1120:^
1056:.
980:.
910:^
858:^
832:^
818:.
808:25
806:.
802:.
683:,
608:.
484:.
247:,
243:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
219:,
204:,
173:;
154:,
70:.
1585:e
1578:t
1571:v
1526:.
1467:.
1436:.
1409:.
1371:.
1344:.
1291:.
1261:.
1236:.
1194:.
1148:.
1114:.
1068:.
1041:.
1000:.
966:.
880:.
826:.
814::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
