56:
values between 0.32 and 0.76 and between 0.23 and 0.58 for the individual FSs were reported), offers poor assessment of upper limb and cognitive function, and lacks linearity between score difference and clinical severity. Other limitations of EDSS include that it relies heavily on the evaluation of motor function and the ability to walk; as such, a patient who might not be able to walk but maintains full dexterity is classified toward the severe end of the scale.
51:
The EDSS quantifies disability in eight
Functional Systems (FS) by assigning a Functional System Score (FSS) in each of these functional systems. It consists of ordinal rating system ranging from 0 (normal neurological status) to 10 (death due to MS) in 0.5 increments interval (when reaching EDSS 1).
55:
The EDSS is the most widely used measurement tool to describe disease progression in patients with MS and to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in clinical trials. Nonetheless, it has many criticisms, including the fact that it has moderate intra-rater reliability (EDSS kappa
52:
The lower scale values of the EDSS measure impairments based on the neurological examination, while the upper range of the scale (> EDSS 6) measures handicaps of patients with MS. The determination of EDSS 4 – 6 is heavily dependent on aspects of walking ability.
181:
Fully ambulatory without aid, up and about much of day, able to work a full day, may otherwise have some limitations of full activity or require minimal assistance. Relatively severe disability. Able to walk without aid 300
870:
433:"Systematic literature review and validity evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) in patients with multiple sclerosis"
961:
527:
671:
59:
Other validated assessment measures used in MS trials include the Timed 25-Foot Walk, the
Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, and the Short Form (36) Health Survey.
860:
956:
218:
Unable to take more than a few steps, restricted to wheelchair, may need aid to transfer; wheels self, but may require motorized chair for full day's activities
48:. The EDSS is based on a neurological examination by a clinician. However, a number of versions have been developed which enable patient self-administration.
520:
212:
Unable to walk beyond 5 meters even with aid, essentially restricted to wheelchair, wheels self, transfers alone; active in wheelchair about 12 hours a day
908:
1012:
545:
224:
Essentially restricted to bed, chair, or wheelchair, but may be out of bed much of day; retains self care functions, generally effective use of arms
169:
Fully ambulatory but with moderate disability in 1 FS and mild disability in 1 or 2 FS; or moderate disability in 2 FS; or mild disability in 5 FS
1017:
893:
840:
513:
1027:
832:
992:
918:
878:
951:
1022:
898:
888:
845:
699:
666:
987:
175:
Fully ambulatory without aid, up and about 12hrs a day despite relatively severe disability. Able to walk without aid 500 meters
619:
119:
EDSS steps 1.0 to 4.5 refer to people with MS who are fully ambulatory. EDSS steps 5.0 to 9.5 are defined by the impairment to
903:
815:
1048:
200:
Intermittent or unilateral constant assistance (cane, crutch or brace) required to walk 100 meters with or without resting
982:
946:
641:
1053:
379:
Collins CD, Ivry B, Bowen JD, Cheng EM, Dobson R, Goodin DS, Lechner-Scott J, Kappos L, Galea I (September 2016).
883:
768:
558:
1058:
603:
431:
Meyer-Moock, Sandra; Feng, You-Shan; Maeurer, Mathias; Dippel, Franz-Werner; Kohlmann, Thomas (2014-03-25).
537:
505:
230:
Essentially restricted to bed much of day, some effective use of arms, retains some self care functions
926:
850:
583:
754:
676:
326:"Predicting falls and injuries in people with multiple sclerosis using machine learning algorithms"
855:
739:
734:
729:
719:
361:
41:
285:"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)"
931:
714:
624:
472:
454:
410:
353:
345:
306:
206:
Constant bilateral support (cane, crutch or braces) required to walk 20 meters without resting
656:
462:
444:
400:
392:
337:
296:
71:
488:
486:
966:
936:
95:
45:
941:
631:
593:
467:
432:
405:
380:
86:
1042:
789:
365:
188:
Ambulatory without aid for about 200 meters. Disability impairs full daily activities
749:
381:"A comparative analysis of Patient-Reported Expanded Disability Status Scale tools"
163:
Moderate disability in 1 FS or mild disability in 3 - 4 FS, though fully ambulatory
324:
Piryonesi, S. Madeh; Rostampour, Sorour; Piryonesi, S. Abdurrahman (2021-04-01).
764:
759:
704:
493:
341:
808:
744:
724:
709:
683:
568:
325:
76:
458:
396:
349:
784:
779:
588:
573:
449:
81:
476:
414:
357:
301:
284:
310:
774:
563:
105:
578:
120:
553:
194:
Ambulatory for 100 meters, disability precludes full daily activities
100:
91:
498:. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. May 2018.
598:
509:
126:
The clinical meaning of each possible result is the following:
962:
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
258:
672:
Lesional demyelinations of the central nervous system
1005:
975:
917:
869:
831:
824:
798:
692:
612:
544:
26:
21:
426:
424:
157:Mild disability in 1 or Minimal disability in 2 FS
861:Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
242:Unable to communicate effectively or eat/swallow
40:(EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in
957:Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
67:Kurtzke defines functional systems as follows:
145:No disability, minimal signs in more than 1 FS
521:
236:Helpless bed patient, can communicate and eat
8:
828:
528:
514:
506:
909:Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
466:
448:
404:
300:
278:
276:
274:
30:quantify disability in multiple sclerosis
1013:List of multiple sclerosis organizations
330:Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
270:
1018:List of people with multiple sclerosis
894:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
841:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
18:
16:Multiple sclerosis measure of severity
7:
993:Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
879:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
139:No disability, minimal signs in 1 FS
44:. The scale has been developed by
14:
1023:Multiple sclerosis drug pipeline
899:Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis
889:Marburg acute multiple sclerosis
846:Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis
700:Management of multiple sclerosis
667:Radiologically isolated syndrome
647:Expanded Disability Status Scale
38:Expanded Disability Status Scale
22:Expanded Disability Status Scale
620:Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
904:Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
816:Research in multiple sclerosis
536:Demyelinating diseases of the
1:
983:Central pontine myelinolysis
952:Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease
947:Metachromatic leukodystrophy
642:Clinically isolated syndrome
613:Investigations and diagnosis
495:Validity of Outcome Measures
283:Kurtzke JF (November 1983).
115:Results and clinical meaning
988:Marchiafava–Bignami disease
342:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102740
1075:
151:Minimal disability in 1 FS
884:Balo concentric sclerosis
397:10.1177/1352458515616205
133:Normal Neurological Exam
450:10.1186/1471-2377-14-58
825:Demyelinating diseases
538:central nervous system
302:10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
259:Online EDSS calculator
1049:Diagnostic neurology
927:Adrenoleukodystrophy
851:MOG antibody disease
653:Serological and CSF
604:Uhthoff's phenomenon
755:Monomethyl fumarate
1054:Multiple sclerosis
856:Multiple sclerosis
740:Interferon beta-1b
735:Interferon beta-1a
730:Glatiramer acetate
720:Diroximel fumarate
693:Approved treatment
546:Signs and symptoms
385:Multiple Sclerosis
63:Functional systems
42:multiple sclerosis
1036:
1035:
1001:
1000:
932:Alexander disease
715:Dimethyl fumarate
657:Oligoclonal bands
625:McDonald criteria
34:
33:
1066:
829:
799:Other treatments
677:Dawson's fingers
530:
523:
516:
507:
500:
499:
490:
481:
480:
470:
452:
428:
419:
418:
408:
376:
370:
369:
321:
315:
314:
304:
280:
19:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:Pathophysiology
997:
971:
967:CAMFAK syndrome
937:Canavan disease
913:
865:
820:
794:
688:
608:
540:
534:
504:
503:
492:
491:
484:
430:
429:
422:
391:(10): 1349–58.
378:
377:
373:
323:
322:
318:
295:(11): 1444–52.
282:
281:
272:
267:
255:
248:Death due to MS
117:
65:
46:John F. Kurtzke
17:
12:
11:
5:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1059:Medical scales
1056:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
995:
990:
985:
979:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
942:Krabbe disease
939:
934:
929:
923:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
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853:
848:
843:
837:
835:
826:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
812:
811:
802:
800:
796:
795:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
769:+hyaluronidase
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
696:
694:
690:
689:
687:
686:
681:
680:
679:
674:
669:
661:
660:
659:
651:
650:
649:
644:
635:
634:
632:Poser criteria
629:
628:
627:
616:
614:
610:
609:
607:
606:
601:
596:
594:Optic neuritis
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
550:
548:
542:
541:
535:
533:
532:
525:
518:
510:
502:
501:
482:
420:
371:
316:
269:
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254:
253:External links
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790:Teriflunomide
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665:
664:
663:Radiological
662:
658:
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497:
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489:
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469:
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438:
437:BMC Neurology
434:
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109:
107:
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78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
68:
62:
60:
57:
53:
49:
47:
43:
39:
29:
25:
20:
871:Inflammatory
750:Mitoxantrone
646:
584:Incontinence
494:
440:
436:
388:
384:
374:
333:
329:
319:
292:
288:
245:
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227:
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185:
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160:
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142:
136:
130:
125:
118:
66:
58:
54:
50:
37:
36:The Kurtzke
35:
765:Ocrelizumab
760:Natalizumab
705:Alemtuzumab
1043:Categories
919:Hereditary
833:Autoimmune
809:Daclizumab
745:Laquinimod
725:Fingolimod
710:Cladribine
684:Frexalimab
569:Dysarthria
559:Depression
336:: 102740.
265:References
121:ambulation
77:cerebellar
785:Siponimod
780:Ponesimod
638:Clinical
589:Nystagmus
574:Dysphagia
459:1471-2377
366:231624230
350:2211-0348
289:Neurology
82:brainstem
72:pyramidal
775:Ozanimod
564:Diplopia
477:24666846
415:26564998
358:33450500
106:cerebral
805:Former
579:Fatigue
468:3986942
406:5015760
311:6685237
96:bladder
87:sensory
27:Purpose
554:Ataxia
475:
465:
457:
443:: 58.
413:
403:
364:
356:
348:
309:
182:meters
101:visual
1006:Other
976:Other
362:S2CID
246:10.0:
110:other
92:bowel
599:Pain
473:PMID
455:ISSN
411:PMID
354:PMID
346:ISSN
307:PMID
240:9.5:
234:9.0:
228:8.5:
222:8.0:
216:7.5:
210:7.0:
204:6.5:
198:6.0:
192:5.5:
186:5.0:
179:4.5:
173:4.0:
167:3.5:
161:3.0:
155:2.5:
149:2.0:
143:1.5:
137:1.0:
131:0.0:
94:and
463:PMC
445:doi
401:PMC
393:doi
338:doi
297:doi
1045::
485:^
471:.
461:.
453:.
441:14
439:.
435:.
423:^
409:.
399:.
389:22
387:.
383:.
360:.
352:.
344:.
334:49
332:.
328:.
305:.
293:33
291:.
287:.
273:^
123:.
771:)
767:(
529:e
522:t
515:v
479:.
447::
417:.
395::
368:.
340::
313:.
299::
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