67:
values between 0.32 and 0.76 and between 0.23 and 0.58 for the individual FSs were reported), offers poor assessment of upper limb and cognitive function, and lacks linearity between score difference and clinical severity. Other limitations of EDSS include that it relies heavily on the evaluation of motor function and the ability to walk; as such, a patient who might not be able to walk but maintains full dexterity is classified toward the severe end of the scale.
62:
The EDSS quantifies disability in eight
Functional Systems (FS) by assigning a Functional System Score (FSS) in each of these functional systems. It consists of ordinal rating system ranging from 0 (normal neurological status) to 10 (death due to MS) in 0.5 increments interval (when reaching EDSS 1).
66:
The EDSS is the most widely used measurement tool to describe disease progression in patients with MS and to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in clinical trials. Nonetheless, it has many criticisms, including the fact that it has moderate intra-rater reliability (EDSS kappa
63:
The lower scale values of the EDSS measure impairments based on the neurological examination, while the upper range of the scale (> EDSS 6) measures handicaps of patients with MS. The determination of EDSS 4 – 6 is heavily dependent on aspects of walking ability.
192:
Fully ambulatory without aid, up and about much of day, able to work a full day, may otherwise have some limitations of full activity or require minimal assistance. Relatively severe disability. Able to walk without aid 300
881:
444:"Systematic literature review and validity evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) in patients with multiple sclerosis"
972:
538:
682:
70:
Other validated assessment measures used in MS trials include the Timed 25-Foot Walk, the
Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, and the Short Form (36) Health Survey.
871:
967:
229:
Unable to take more than a few steps, restricted to wheelchair, may need aid to transfer; wheels self, but may require motorized chair for full day's activities
59:. The EDSS is based on a neurological examination by a clinician. However, a number of versions have been developed which enable patient self-administration.
531:
223:
Unable to walk beyond 5 meters even with aid, essentially restricted to wheelchair, wheels self, transfers alone; active in wheelchair about 12 hours a day
919:
1023:
556:
235:
Essentially restricted to bed, chair, or wheelchair, but may be out of bed much of day; retains self care functions, generally effective use of arms
180:
Fully ambulatory but with moderate disability in 1 FS and mild disability in 1 or 2 FS; or moderate disability in 2 FS; or mild disability in 5 FS
1028:
904:
851:
524:
1038:
843:
1003:
929:
889:
962:
1033:
909:
899:
856:
710:
677:
998:
186:
Fully ambulatory without aid, up and about 12hrs a day despite relatively severe disability. Able to walk without aid 500 meters
630:
130:
EDSS steps 1.0 to 4.5 refer to people with MS who are fully ambulatory. EDSS steps 5.0 to 9.5 are defined by the impairment to
914:
826:
1059:
211:
Intermittent or unilateral constant assistance (cane, crutch or brace) required to walk 100 meters with or without resting
993:
957:
652:
1064:
390:
Collins CD, Ivry B, Bowen JD, Cheng EM, Dobson R, Goodin DS, Lechner-Scott J, Kappos L, Galea I (September 2016).
894:
779:
569:
1069:
614:
442:
Meyer-Moock, Sandra; Feng, You-Shan; Maeurer, Mathias; Dippel, Franz-Werner; Kohlmann, Thomas (2014-03-25).
548:
516:
241:
Essentially restricted to bed much of day, some effective use of arms, retains some self care functions
937:
861:
594:
765:
687:
337:"Predicting falls and injuries in people with multiple sclerosis using machine learning algorithms"
866:
750:
745:
740:
730:
372:
52:
296:"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)"
17:
942:
725:
635:
483:
465:
421:
364:
356:
317:
217:
Constant bilateral support (cane, crutch or braces) required to walk 20 meters without resting
667:
473:
455:
411:
403:
348:
307:
82:
499:
497:
977:
947:
106:
56:
952:
642:
604:
478:
443:
416:
391:
97:
1053:
800:
376:
199:
Ambulatory without aid for about 200 meters. Disability impairs full daily activities
760:
392:"A comparative analysis of Patient-Reported Expanded Disability Status Scale tools"
174:
Moderate disability in 1 FS or mild disability in 3 - 4 FS, though fully ambulatory
335:
Piryonesi, S. Madeh; Rostampour, Sorour; Piryonesi, S. Abdurrahman (2021-04-01).
775:
770:
715:
504:
352:
819:
755:
735:
720:
694:
579:
336:
87:
469:
407:
360:
795:
790:
599:
584:
460:
92:
487:
425:
368:
312:
295:
321:
785:
574:
116:
589:
131:
564:
205:
Ambulatory for 100 meters, disability precludes full daily activities
111:
102:
509:. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. May 2018.
609:
520:
137:
The clinical meaning of each possible result is the following:
973:
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
269:
683:
Lesional demyelinations of the central nervous system
1016:
986:
928:
880:
842:
835:
809:
703:
623:
555:
37:
32:
437:
435:
168:Mild disability in 1 or Minimal disability in 2 FS
872:Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
253:Unable to communicate effectively or eat/swallow
51:(EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in
968:Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
78:Kurtzke defines functional systems as follows:
156:No disability, minimal signs in more than 1 FS
532:
247:Helpless bed patient, can communicate and eat
8:
839:
539:
525:
517:
920:Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
477:
459:
415:
311:
289:
287:
285:
41:quantify disability in multiple sclerosis
1024:List of multiple sclerosis organizations
341:Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
281:
1029:List of people with multiple sclerosis
905:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
852:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
29:
27:Multiple sclerosis measure of severity
7:
1004:Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
890:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
150:No disability, minimal signs in 1 FS
55:. The scale has been developed by
25:
1034:Multiple sclerosis drug pipeline
910:Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis
900:Marburg acute multiple sclerosis
857:Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis
711:Management of multiple sclerosis
678:Radiologically isolated syndrome
658:Expanded Disability Status Scale
49:Expanded Disability Status Scale
33:Expanded Disability Status Scale
18:Expanded disability status scale
631:Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
915:Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
827:Research in multiple sclerosis
547:Demyelinating diseases of the
1:
994:Central pontine myelinolysis
963:Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease
958:Metachromatic leukodystrophy
653:Clinically isolated syndrome
624:Investigations and diagnosis
506:Validity of Outcome Measures
294:Kurtzke JF (November 1983).
126:Results and clinical meaning
999:Marchiafava–Bignami disease
353:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102740
1086:
162:Minimal disability in 1 FS
895:Balo concentric sclerosis
408:10.1177/1352458515616205
144:Normal Neurological Exam
461:10.1186/1471-2377-14-58
836:Demyelinating diseases
549:central nervous system
313:10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
270:Online EDSS calculator
1060:Diagnostic neurology
938:Adrenoleukodystrophy
862:MOG antibody disease
664:Serological and CSF
615:Uhthoff's phenomenon
766:Monomethyl fumarate
1065:Multiple sclerosis
867:Multiple sclerosis
751:Interferon beta-1b
746:Interferon beta-1a
741:Glatiramer acetate
731:Diroximel fumarate
704:Approved treatment
557:Signs and symptoms
396:Multiple Sclerosis
74:Functional systems
53:multiple sclerosis
1047:
1046:
1012:
1011:
943:Alexander disease
726:Dimethyl fumarate
668:Oligoclonal bands
636:McDonald criteria
45:
44:
16:(Redirected from
1077:
840:
810:Other treatments
688:Dawson's fingers
541:
534:
527:
518:
511:
510:
501:
492:
491:
481:
463:
439:
430:
429:
419:
387:
381:
380:
332:
326:
325:
315:
291:
30:
21:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:Pathophysiology
1008:
982:
978:CAMFAK syndrome
948:Canavan disease
924:
876:
831:
805:
699:
619:
551:
545:
515:
514:
503:
502:
495:
441:
440:
433:
402:(10): 1349–58.
389:
388:
384:
334:
333:
329:
306:(11): 1444–52.
293:
292:
283:
278:
266:
259:Death due to MS
128:
76:
57:John F. Kurtzke
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1070:Medical scales
1067:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
988:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
953:Krabbe disease
950:
945:
940:
934:
932:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
886:
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
848:
846:
837:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
823:
822:
813:
811:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
780:+hyaluronidase
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
707:
705:
701:
700:
698:
697:
692:
691:
690:
685:
680:
672:
671:
670:
662:
661:
660:
655:
646:
645:
643:Poser criteria
640:
639:
638:
627:
625:
621:
620:
618:
617:
612:
607:
605:Optic neuritis
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
561:
559:
553:
552:
546:
544:
543:
536:
529:
521:
513:
512:
493:
431:
382:
327:
280:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
265:
264:External links
262:
261:
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194:
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100:
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14:
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989:
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966:
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845:
841:
838:
834:
828:
825:
821:
818:
817:
815:
814:
812:
808:
802:
801:Teriflunomide
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
781:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
702:
696:
693:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
674:Radiological
673:
669:
666:
665:
663:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
648:
647:
644:
641:
637:
634:
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629:
628:
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616:
613:
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608:
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603:
601:
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591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
560:
558:
554:
550:
542:
537:
535:
530:
528:
523:
522:
519:
508:
507:
500:
498:
494:
489:
485:
480:
475:
471:
467:
462:
457:
453:
449:
448:BMC Neurology
445:
438:
436:
432:
427:
423:
418:
413:
409:
405:
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397:
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386:
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179:
176:
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167:
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158:
155:
152:
149:
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143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
133:
125:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
79:
73:
71:
68:
64:
60:
58:
54:
50:
40:
36:
31:
19:
882:Inflammatory
761:Mitoxantrone
657:
595:Incontinence
505:
451:
447:
399:
395:
385:
344:
340:
330:
303:
299:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
202:
196:
189:
183:
177:
171:
165:
159:
153:
147:
141:
136:
129:
77:
69:
65:
61:
48:
47:The Kurtzke
46:
776:Ocrelizumab
771:Natalizumab
716:Alemtuzumab
1054:Categories
930:Hereditary
844:Autoimmune
820:Daclizumab
756:Laquinimod
736:Fingolimod
721:Cladribine
695:Frexalimab
580:Dysarthria
570:Depression
347:: 102740.
276:References
132:ambulation
88:cerebellar
796:Siponimod
791:Ponesimod
649:Clinical
600:Nystagmus
585:Dysphagia
470:1471-2377
377:231624230
361:2211-0348
300:Neurology
93:brainstem
83:pyramidal
786:Ozanimod
575:Diplopia
488:24666846
426:26564998
369:33450500
117:cerebral
816:Former
590:Fatigue
479:3986942
417:5015760
322:6685237
107:bladder
98:sensory
38:Purpose
565:Ataxia
486:
476:
468:
454:: 58.
424:
414:
375:
367:
359:
320:
193:meters
112:visual
1017:Other
987:Other
373:S2CID
257:10.0:
121:other
103:bowel
610:Pain
484:PMID
466:ISSN
422:PMID
365:PMID
357:ISSN
318:PMID
251:9.5:
245:9.0:
239:8.5:
233:8.0:
227:7.5:
221:7.0:
215:6.5:
209:6.0:
203:5.5:
197:5.0:
190:4.5:
184:4.0:
178:3.5:
172:3.0:
166:2.5:
160:2.0:
154:1.5:
148:1.0:
142:0.0:
105:and
474:PMC
456:doi
412:PMC
404:doi
349:doi
308:doi
1056::
496:^
482:.
472:.
464:.
452:14
450:.
446:.
434:^
420:.
410:.
400:22
398:.
394:.
371:.
363:.
355:.
345:49
343:.
339:.
316:.
304:33
302:.
298:.
284:^
134:.
782:)
778:(
540:e
533:t
526:v
490:.
458::
428:.
406::
379:.
351::
324:.
310::
20:)
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