291:"Beginning today, DHS has rescinded certain policies unique to Cuban nationals. Specifically, DHS has eliminated a special parole policy for arriving Cuban nationals commonly known as the 'wet-foot/dry-foot' policy, as well as a policy for Cuban medical professionals known as the Cuban Medical Professional Parole Program. It is now Department policy to consider any requests for such parole in the same manner as parole requests filed by nationals of other countries."
413:: Here, the person is formally charged and placed in immigration court proceedings before an immigration judge. However, the person does not actually appear before the judge, but rather agrees (or "stipulates") to deportation and gives up their right to a hearing. The immigration judge may enter the order of removal without seeing the person and asking them whether the stipulation was entered into knowingly and voluntarily.
485:, a group that advocates reduced immigration to the United States (both legal and illegal), has noted that expedited removal, as authorized by the IIRIRA, gave the executive branch sufficient power to deport a large fraction of illegal immigrants, but that the executive branch had been exceedingly cautious with its application.
407:: This applies to noncitizens who return illegally to the United States after having previously been deported. Essentially, DHS "reinstates" the original removal order without considering the individual's current situation, reasons for returning to the United States, or the presence of flaws in the original removal proceedings.
46:(IIRIRA)) allows for its use against most unauthorized entrants who have been in the United States for less than two years. Its rollout so far has been restricted to people seeking admission and those who have been in the United States for 14 days or less, and excludes first-time violators from Mexico and Canada.
232:
In July 2019, it was announced that expedited removal would be implemented to include "(1) aliens who did not arrive by sea, who are encountered anywhere in the United States more than 100 air miles from a U.S. international land border, and who have been continuously present in the United States for
464:
noted that expedited removal proceedings and other rapid deportation decisions "often fail to take into account many critical factors, including whether the individual is eligible to apply for lawful status in the United States, whether he or she has long-standing ties here, or whether he or she has
371:
to reconsider an expedited removal order. The challenge should be filed within 30 days of the decision. Based on the information and evidence provided, the CBP may exercise its discretion and overturn its prior expedited removal order. If an expedited removal order was issued at a designated port of
302:
Anybody who states under oath to a border agent that they are a citizen, lawful permanent resident, or asylee cannot be subject to expedited removal and gets an opportunity to appear before an immigration judge. Lying about one's status in these circumstances may make one inadmissible and could even
265:
officer. If they are able to demonstrate to the officer that they have a credible fear of persecution or torture, they may no longer be subject to expedited removal, but go through a regular immigration hearing before a judge. If they fail to convince the USCIS officer that they have a credible fear
294:"DHS is also eliminating an exemption that previously prevented the use of expedited removal proceedings for Cuban nationals apprehended at ports of entry or near the border. The existing Cuban Family Reunification Parole Program is not affected by this announcement and remains in effect."
472:
has noted that the 100-mile "border zone" within which expedited removal can be carried out houses roughly 2/3 of the United States population, and has expressed concern about the implications of these broad enforcement powers for civil rights and constitutional protections.
233:
less than two years; and (2) aliens who did not arrive by sea, who are encountered within 100 air miles from a U.S. international land border, and who have been continuously present in the United States for at least 14 days but for less than two years."
1839:
1809:
1824:
1613:
278:". Cubans already present in the United States were eligible to stay, and weren't subject to expedited removal proceedings. However, those who arrived at a designated port of entry could be subject to expedited removal.
150:
expanding the application of expedited removal to aliens who are encountered within 100 miles of any land or sea border and who entered the U.S. without inspection less than 14 days before the time they are encountered.
74:(the name for the umbrella organization responsible for immigration enforcement at the time) the authority to remove from the United States, without the need for a hearing before an immigration judge, people who:
1309:
43:
332:) comes in contact with the person believed to be eligible for expedited removal, the official asks the person if they want to apply for asylum or fear persecution or torture if returned to their home country.
1549:
108:
Starting April 1997, when the IIRIRA came into force, the INS implemented expedited removal only against noncitizens seeking admission at designated ports of entry (such as airports and sea ports).
1304:
445:
A number of immigrant rights advocates have expressed concern about the lack of due process involved with expedited removal, both at designated ports of entry and for people in the border zone.
453:
2099:
1680:
1014:
1727:
155:
could therefore identify possible immigration violators anywhere in this 100-mile border zone and process them for expedited removal if they had been in the country for less than 14 days.
1375:
1319:
1111:
384:
As far as the effects on future admissibility to the United States, expedited removal is treated similarly to ordinary removal. For first-time offenders who have not committed an
351:
If the person answers negatively, or after the person answers positively but receives an unfavorable determination in the credible fear interview, the person is issued Form I-860
1314:
841:
130:
Given that expedited removal now included people who were already present in the United States, and therefore might affect people eligible for asylum, the INS also introduced a
2044:
388:
and did not lie under oath, the typical ban length is five years. However, the ban could be a five-year, ten-year, twenty-year, or permanent ban based on the circumstances.
1519:
262:
704:
1752:
1462:
576:
345:
1788:
1335:
311:
The officer at a designated port of entry may discretionarily give people being turned back the option of "voluntary return" as an alternative to expedited removal. A
93:
are inadmissible under certain statutory grounds primarily due to failure to comply with visa or other entry document requirements, and/or fraud or misrepresentation,
189:
Due to resource constraints, the expansion of expedited removal to the entire border zone did not happen immediately. The implementation was done in three phases:
2049:
1665:
1277:
1272:
1007:
1494:
1474:
1258:
143:
1829:
1819:
2024:
1685:
499:
257:
Those who request to apply for asylum, or express a fear of persecution or torture when they make contact with immigration enforcement, are referred for a
2059:
1814:
1717:
1457:
1289:
177:
Mexican or
Canadian nationals with histories of criminal or immigration violations, such as smugglers or aliens who have made numerous illegal entries.
2168:
1000:
791:
2039:
1757:
1499:
1051:
1529:
1267:
1263:
519:
39:
1732:
873:
1700:
1524:
1360:
71:
1907:
1737:
315:
also goes on the person's immigration record, but has fewer serious legal consequences for attempted future entry than an order of removal.
736:
1902:
1237:
1573:
1400:
1340:
900:
524:
1514:
368:
329:
181:
It also indicated that officers could exercise discretion not to commence expedited removal proceedings based on individual equities.
152:
1675:
980:
543:
452:
expressed concern about the expansion of expedited removal to the entire border zone considering that the concerns expressed by the
1872:
1762:
1395:
1172:
1023:
373:
1783:
1778:
1882:
1643:
1581:
1425:
1101:
711:
624:
449:
282:
2034:
1597:
1539:
956:
931:
683:
658:
482:
469:
457:
2084:
1968:
1834:
1690:
1557:
819:
1534:
1467:
1345:
60:
1415:
762:
424:: This is a program where those caught crossing borders without authorization are subject to federal criminal charges.
116:
In
November 2002, the INS expanded the application of expedited removal to people satisfying these three conditions:
2104:
2094:
2079:
1973:
1958:
1854:
1410:
1167:
1116:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1844:
1437:
1212:
877:
461:
397:
367:
An expedited removal order cannot be appealed. However, it is possible to submit a challenge to the order to the
275:
1207:
620:
2146:
2074:
1897:
1447:
1420:
1355:
1106:
986:
679:
504:
404:
220:
In
September 2005, expedited removal was expanded to all nine Border Patrol Sectors along the southwest border.
159:
952:
460:
has argued that expedited removal can lead to many people who would qualify for asylum getting deported. The
274:
Prior to
President Obama's re-formalization of diplomatic relations with Cuba, the United States followed a "
59:
Expedited removal was first introduced in United States immigration law as part of the IIRIRA, passed by the
1892:
1299:
1294:
1217:
1202:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1162:
1141:
1126:
2140:
1565:
927:
1627:
1370:
1365:
1131:
431:
may be removed immediately after finishing their prison term without going through removal proceedings.
992:
223:
In March 2006, it was announced that expedited removal had been implemented in the entire border zone.
2019:
1989:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1695:
1670:
514:
421:
1242:
1928:
1635:
1405:
1192:
1056:
281:
As part of the re-normalization of diplomatic relations, on
January 12, 2017, the Secretary of the
35:
1933:
1722:
1504:
509:
410:
621:"DHS Announces Latest in Series of Expedited Removal Expansions. Entire U.S. Border Now Covered"
2089:
2064:
1943:
1923:
1747:
1590:
428:
385:
90:, and have been continuously physically present in the United States for less than two years,
2054:
2029:
1705:
1136:
1121:
905:
427:
Administrative removal for aggravated felons: This is a process where those convicted of an
312:
147:
456:
regarding protections for asylum-seekers had not been adequately addressed. Similarly, the
2069:
1994:
1222:
763:"FACT SHEET: CHANGES TO PAROLE AND EXPEDITED REMOVAL POLICIES AFFECTING CUBAN NATIONALS"
2119:
2109:
1877:
1605:
1232:
87:
372:
entry such as an airport, the affected party may also file a complaint with the DHS's
86:
satisfy the following conditions: have entered the United States without admission or
2162:
1999:
1620:
874:"Removal Without Recourse: The Growth of Summary Deportations from the United States"
494:
441:
Criticism from civil rights, constitutional rights, and immigrant rights perspectives
341:
258:
210:
131:
23:
2124:
1887:
1227:
901:"Deported Without Seeing A Judge: One of the Worst Parts of the Immigration System"
138:
Expansion to a 100-mile border zone and all people within 14 days of arrival (2004)
64:
134:
screening process for those who indicated that they might be eligible for asylum.
655:"Deportation Basics. How Immigration Enforcement Works (or Doesn't) in Real Life"
547:
1840:
Border
Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1350:
1284:
285:
112:
Expansion to arrivals by sea and formalization of credible fear screening (2002)
31:
27:
400:
identified a few other summary removal practices similar to expedited removal:
2114:
1849:
1804:
1197:
1146:
705:"Key Statistics and Findings on Asylum Protection at the U.S.-Mexico Border"
1310:
Illegal
Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
1742:
1710:
1442:
1432:
792:"What to do if You are in Expedited Removal or Reinstatement of Removal"
202:
198:
193:
Initially, the DHS implemented expedited removal against aliens in the
126:
have not been continuously present in the U.S. for at least two years.
2100:
National Korean
American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
1508:
1320:
1315:
Nicaraguan
Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
628:
266:
of persecution or torture, they may be subject to expedited removal.
194:
171:
167:
654:
741:
Federal Register: The Daily Journal of The United States Government
44:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
1305:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
336:
If the person answers affirmatively, they are issued a Form M-444
214:
206:
953:"Know Your Rights: The Government's 100-Mile "Border" Zone - Map"
797:. Florence Immigrant and Refugee Rights Project. October 1, 2011
477:
Support from groups concerned with combating illegal immigration
358:
The person may now be physically removed from the United States.
1376:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
996:
772:. United States Department of Homand Security. January 12, 2017
1336:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
55:
Legal authority given by IIRIRA (passed 1996, effective 1997)
454:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
820:"Things to Know About the Expedited Removal Order Process"
928:"ACLU Comments on INS Notice to Expand Expedited Removal"
680:"ACLU Comments on INS Notice to Expand Expedited Removal"
417:
Other procedures related to expedited removal include:
328:
After an immigration enforcement official (working for
120:
entered the U.S. by sea, either by boat or other means,
22:
is a process related to immigration enforcement in the
96:
make no claim to lawful permanent resident status, and
1341:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
42:). The legal authority for expedited removal (in the
2045:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
380:
Effects on future admissibility to the United States
99:
do not seek asylum or express a fear of persecution.
2133:
2008:
1982:
1916:
1863:
1797:
1771:
1654:
1548:
1483:
1388:
1328:
1251:
1155:
1089:
1065:
1044:
1031:
34:from the country, without going through the normal
981:§ 1235.3 Inadmissible aliens and expedited removal
842:"Returning to the United States After Deportation"
710:. Human Rights First. June 1, 2014. Archived from
263:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
868:
866:
849:Center for Human Rights and International Justice
346:United States Citizenship and Immigration Service
146:published an immediately effective notice in the
1789:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
228:Expansion nationwide up to two years after entry
104:Initial implementation at ports of entry (1997)
2050:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
1728:List of people deported from the United States
162:, the DHS would apply the expansions only to:
82:applicants for admission to the United States
1475:Trump administration family separation policy
1008:
144:United States Department of Homeland Security
8:
1525:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
2025:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
500:Catch and release (U.S. immigration policy)
63:and signed into law by then U.S. President
2060:Federation for American Immigration Reform
1041:
1015:
1001:
993:
303:lead to a lifetime bar to U.S. admission.
158:The notice clarified that, as a matter of
123:were not admitted or paroled into the U.S.
1835:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
1830:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
1820:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
1763:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
1520:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1290:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
814:
812:
338:Information About Credible Fear Interview
2040:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1183:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
1052:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1974:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
1530:Executive Office for Immigration Review
899:Caplan-Bricker, Nora (April 14, 2014).
536:
520:Withdrawal of application for admission
249:exceptions apply to expedited removal.
1990:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
72:Immigration and Naturalization Service
1238:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
648:
646:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
363:Contesting an expedited removal order
353:Notice and Order of Expedited Removal
30:is denied entry to and/or physically
7:
1959:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1264:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
237:Exceptions and government discretion
1645:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
1615:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1500:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1102:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
525:Voluntary departure (United States)
185:Rollout of expansion to border zone
1733:Mexico–United States border crisis
1515:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
743:. National Archives. July 23, 2019
369:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
330:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
166:third-country nationals (not from
153:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
38:(which involve hearings before an
16:US immigration enforcement process
14:
1954:"Streamline" (2005–present)
1676:Central American migrant caravans
1223:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
2169:Immigration to the United States
1738:Mexico–United States border wall
1213:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
1024:Immigration to the United States
766:(Portable Document Format (PDF))
627:. March 23, 2006. Archived from
374:Traveler Redress Inquiry Program
288:announced the following change:
1495:Department of Homeland Security
770:Department of Homeland Security
653:Reasoner, W.D. (July 1, 2011).
625:National Immigration Law Center
450:National Immigration Law Center
283:Department of Homeland Security
2035:Center for Immigration Studies
1964:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
1949:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
1599:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
1540:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1295:American Homecoming Act (1989)
989:, American Immigration Council
957:American Civil Liberties Union
932:American Civil Liberties Union
684:American Civil Liberties Union
659:Center for Immigration Studies
483:Center for Immigration Studies
470:American Civil Liberties Union
465:U.S.-citizen family members."
458:American Civil Liberties Union
396:A "Just Facts" summary by the
1:
2085:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
1929:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
1691:Eugenics in the United States
987:A Primer on Expedited Removal
851:. Boston College. August 2011
1753:Illegal immigrant population
1535:Board of Immigration Appeals
1371:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
1366:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1259:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
1173:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
737:"Notice to Federal Register"
584:American Immigration Council
1969:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
1944:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
1815:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
1805:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
1784:Canada–United States border
1779:Mexico–United States border
1346:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1208:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
822:. Mshale. February 29, 2012
2185:
2105:Negative Population Growth
2095:National Immigration Forum
2080:Migration Policy Institute
1855:US Citizenship Act of 2021
1411:Temporary protected status
1193:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
324:Order of expedited removal
1438:Security Advisory Opinion
878:Immigration Policy Center
462:Immigration Policy Center
398:Immigration Policy Center
276:wet feet, dry feet policy
70:The IIRIRA gave the U.S.
2147:Missing in Brooks County
2075:Mexicans Without Borders
1575:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1448:National Origins Formula
1132:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
1107:Civil Rights Act of 1866
505:Reinstatement of removal
405:Reinstatement of removal
217:) Border Patrol Sectors.
160:prosecutorial discretion
1426:Central American Minors
1356:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1218:Nationality Act of 1940
1168:Naturalization Act 1906
1142:Immigration Act of 1891
1127:Immigration Act of 1882
1117:Naturalization Act 1870
1097:Naturalization Law 1802
1073:Naturalization Act 1790
2141:Borderland (TV series)
1995:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
1468:Unaccompanied children
1243:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
1033:Relevant colonial era,
1718:Immigration reduction
1629:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1233:War Brides Act (1945)
1112:14th Amendment (1868)
2020:Arizona Border Recon
2000:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
1864:Immigration stations
1798:Proposed legislation
1696:Guest worker program
1671:Brooks County, Texas
1583:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1300:Immigration Act 1990
1203:Immigration Act 1924
1188:Immigration Act 1918
1178:Immigration Act 1907
1163:Immigration Act 1903
515:Operation Streamline
422:Operation Streamline
1939:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
1866:and points of entry
1758:Reverse immigration
1637:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
1550:Supreme Court cases
1406:Visa Waiver Program
1401:Permanent residence
1228:Magnuson Act (1943)
1057:Plantation Act 1740
577:"Expedited Removal"
340:and referred for a
61:104th U.S. Congress
36:removal proceedings
1723:Immigration reform
1559:US v. Wong Kim Ark
1505:U.S. Border Patrol
1421:Green Card Lottery
1389:Visas and policies
1351:Real ID Act (2005)
1285:Refugee Act (1980)
1037:international laws
1026:and related topics
586:. 20 February 2017
510:Stipulated removal
411:Stipulated removal
392:Related procedures
2156:
2155:
2090:Minuteman Project
2065:Improve The Dream
1983:State legislation
1934:"Babylift" (1975)
1908:Washington Avenue
1903:Sullivan's Island
1825:STRIVE Act (2007)
1748:March for America
1701:Human trafficking
1591:Zadvydas v. Davis
1453:Expedited removal
1384:
1383:
1035:United States and
429:aggravated felony
386:aggravated felony
344:interview with a
261:interview with a
40:immigration judge
20:Expedited removal
2176:
2055:Community Change
2030:CASA of Maryland
2010:Non-governmental
1924:"Wetback" (1954)
1850:RAISE Act (2017)
1810:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1198:Cable Act (1922)
1147:Geary Act (1892)
1137:Scott Act (1888)
1042:
1017:
1010:
1003:
994:
968:
967:
965:
963:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
906:The New Republic
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
880:. April 28, 2014
870:
861:
860:
858:
856:
846:
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
816:
807:
806:
804:
802:
796:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
767:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
716:
709:
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
650:
641:
640:
638:
636:
631:on July 22, 2015
617:
596:
595:
593:
591:
581:
573:
550:
541:
313:voluntary return
307:Voluntary return
298:Status claimants
148:Federal Register
2184:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2129:
2070:Mexica Movement
2013:
2011:
2004:
1978:
1912:
1865:
1859:
1845:SAFE Act (2015)
1793:
1767:
1706:Human smuggling
1681:Economic impact
1659:
1657:
1650:
1544:
1488:
1486:
1479:
1380:
1324:
1252:1950–1999
1247:
1156:1900–1949
1151:
1122:Page Act (1875)
1085:
1061:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1021:
977:
972:
971:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
936:
934:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
872:
871:
864:
854:
852:
844:
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
818:
817:
810:
800:
798:
794:
790:
789:
785:
775:
773:
765:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
735:
734:
730:
720:
718:
717:on July 4, 2015
714:
707:
703:
702:
698:
688:
686:
678:
677:
673:
663:
661:
652:
651:
644:
634:
632:
619:
618:
599:
589:
587:
579:
575:
574:
553:
542:
538:
533:
491:
479:
443:
438:
394:
382:
365:
326:
321:
309:
300:
272:
270:Cuban nationals
255:
239:
230:
187:
140:
114:
106:
57:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2120:Save Our State
2117:
2112:
2110:No More Deaths
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
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24:United States
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2125:Utah Compact
1888:Ellis Island
1873:Angel Island
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1066:18th century
1045:Colonial era
960:. Retrieved
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882:. Retrieved
853:. Retrieved
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836:
824:. Retrieved
799:. Retrieved
786:
774:. Retrieved
769:
757:
745:. Retrieved
740:
731:
719:. Retrieved
712:the original
699:
689:November 13,
687:. Retrieved
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662:. Retrieved
633:. Retrieved
629:the original
588:. Retrieved
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83:
79:
69:
65:Bill Clinton
58:
19:
18:
1883:East Boston
1567:Ozawa v. US
1396:Visa policy
1361:DACA (2012)
855:17 December
776:14 February
590:17 December
548:§ 1225
286:Jeh Johnson
2115:NumbersUSA
1917:Operations
1898:San Ysidro
1658:and events
1485:Government
531:References
1893:Otay Mesa
1772:Geography
1458:Detention
436:Reception
348:official.
319:Procedure
26:where an
2163:Category
1711:Coyotaje
1443:E-Verify
1433:US-VISIT
962:July 19,
937:July 19,
912:July 19,
884:July 19,
826:July 19,
801:July 23,
747:July 26,
664:July 19,
635:July 19,
489:See also
243:de facto
1686:Effects
983:, USCIS
721:June 3,
247:de jure
209:), and
203:McAllen
199:Arizona
50:History
32:removed
1639:(2021)
1631:(2021)
1624:(2020)
1609:(2020)
1601:(2011)
1594:(2001)
1585:(1975)
1577:(1923)
1569:(1922)
1561:(1898)
1509:BORTAC
1463:Family
1416:Asylum
546:
211:Laredo
195:Tucson
172:Canada
168:Mexico
80:either
845:(PDF)
795:(PDF)
715:(PDF)
708:(PDF)
580:(PDF)
215:Texas
207:Texas
28:alien
1268:1965
1081:1798
1077:1795
964:2015
939:2015
914:2015
886:2015
857:2017
828:2015
803:2015
778:2017
749:2019
723:2015
691:2016
666:2015
637:2015
592:2017
481:The
468:The
448:The
245:and
78:are
201:),
170:or
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