71:
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is at a clearly delineated increased risk for occurrence. These infections can cause blindness within 24 – 48 hours and there is a possibility that the infection can move into the peri-orbital socket, resulting in the need for evisceration of the eyeball. In rare cases, the infection can enter the
160:
may also have an eye injury - these are usually severe in nature with multiple lacerations, shards of glasses embedded in tissues, orbital fractures, severe hematoma and penetrating open-globe injuries with prolapse of eye contents. Other causes of intraocular trauma may arise from workplace tools
489:
In cases of globe penetration, pressure patches should never be applied, and instead a shield patch should be applied that protects the eye without applying any pressure. If a shield patch is applied to one eye, the other eye should also be patched due to eye movement. If the uninjured eye moves,
514:. The same study concluded that sports-related injuries due to eyeglasses wear were more common in those under the age of 18 and that fall-related injuries due to wearing eyeglasses were more common in those aged 65 and over. Although eyeglasses-related injuries do occur, prescription
478:
found that patching simple corneal abrasions may not improve healing or reduce pain. Pressure patching should never be used on an individual presenting with a corneal abrasion who has a history of contact lens wear. In this circumstance, a virulent infection caused by the bacterium
671:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
469:
should be applied. Up until circa 1987, pressure patches were the preferred method of treatment for corneal abrasions in non-contact lens wearers; multiple controlled studies conducted by accredited organizations such as the
888:
152:, and other high speed flying objects can strike the eye. The eye is also susceptible to blunt trauma in a fistfight. Children’s games such as bow-and-arrows, bb guns and firecrackers can lead to eye trauma.
114:
contact, such as with hammering a metal surface. Corneal foreign bodies are one of the most common preventable occupational hazards. Intraocular foreign bodies do not cause pain because of the lack of
328:
is caused by blunt trauma, classically described for fist or ball injury, leading to fracture of the floor or medial wall of the orbit due to sudden increased pressure on the orbital contents.
881:
502:, sutures may be a part of appropriate management by the primary care physician so long as the laceration does not threaten the canaliculi, is not deep, and does not affect the lid margins.
303:: the globe integrity is disrupted by a full-thickness entry wound and may be associated with prolapse of the internal contents of the eye. Such injuries are often referred to as a
148:
Flicking sand, flying pieces of wood, metal, glass and stone are notorious for causing much of the eye trauma. Sporting balls such as cricket ball, lawn tennis ball, squash ball,
874:
827:
May DR, Kuhn FP, Morris RE, Witherspoon CD, Danis RP, Matthews GP, Mann L (Feb 2000). "The epidemiology of serious eye injuries from the United States Eye Injury
Registry".
274:: the eye globe is intact, but the seven rings of the eye have been classically described as affected by blunt trauma. Types include contusion and lamellar laceration
216:
The goal of investigation is the assessment of the severity of the ocular injury with an eye to implementing a management plan as soon as is required. The usual
318:: the globe integrity is disrupted in two places due to an entrance and exit wound (through and through injury). This is a quite severe type of eye injury.
594:
Feist RM, Lim JI, Joondeph BC, Pflugfelder SC, Mieler WF, Ticho BH, Resnick K (Jan 1991). "Penetrating ocular injury from contaminated eating utensils".
474:
have shown that pressure patching is of little or no value in healing corneal abrasions and is actually detrimental to healing in some cases. A
541:
471:
141:. Ideally, ointment would not be used when referring to an ophthalmologist, since it diminishes the ability to carry out a thorough
375:
or corneal foreign bodies; hyphema (must be referred); eyelid lacerations that are deep, involve the lid margin or involve the
522:
have been found to "offer measurable protection which results in a lower incidence of severe eye injuries to those wearing ".
784:
Sinclair SA, Smith GA, Xiang H (Feb 2006). "Eyeglasses-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments in 2002-2003".
546:
439:
510:
A recent study estimated that from 2002–2003 there were 27,152 injuries in the United States related to the wearing of
411:
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if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion. The most obvious presentation of ocular (eye) injuries is
866:
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719:"BestBets: Proxymetacaine is the local anaesthetic of choice for removal of corneal foreign bodies"
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Based on the injury to the eyewall (outer fibrous coat of the eye consisting of cornea and sclera)
208:. The complications risk is high with retinal tears, penetrating injuries and severe blunt trauma.
201:
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may cause neither symptom. Tiny metallic projectiles should be suspected when a patient reports
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or even common household implements, including bottle-caps suddenly propelling at great force.
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Fracture of the orbital bones can lead to muscular entrapment limiting gaze in one direction.
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Onkar A. Commentary: Tackling the corneal foreign body. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:57-8.
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in order to be tolerable. Many topical agents cause burning upon instillation.
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case must be treated within hours. This includes penetrating globe injuries;
948:
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Der
Ophthalmologe: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
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633:"[Eye injuries caused by opening or explosion of beverage bottles]"
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the injured eye will also move involuntarily possibly causing more damage.
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About 5.3 million cases of foreign bodies in the eyes occurred in 2013.
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The first line of management for chemical injuries is usually copious
280:: there is a full thickness injury of the eye wall (cornea and sclera)
103:
of the affected eyes. This is not, however, universally true, as tiny
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123:
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Multiple complications are known to occur following eye injury:
100:
870:
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296:: a full-thickness wound caused by sharp objects. It includes
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88:
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A small piece of iron has lodged in the margin of the cornea
311:, although these can be incurred by blunt trauma as well.
445:. In the cases of chemical burns, one should not try to
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that can transmit pain sensations. As such, general or
290:: caused by blunt trauma and is an inside-out injury.
631:
Spang, S.; Höh, H.; Ruprecht, K. W. (February 1995).
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cases must be managed within 1–2 days. They include
992:
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35:
461:Depending on the type of ocular injury, either a
137:of the eye or intraocular foreign bodies to an
347:must be treated within minutes. This includes
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228:has been found to have the best tolerance.
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263:Eye injury by impact of small plastic body
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27:Physical or chemical injuries of the eye
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220:should be attempted, and may require a
486:brain and cause death to the patient.
897:Nonmusculoskeletal injuries of head (
239:should designate the eye injury as a
7:
610:10.1001/archopht.1991.01080010065034
25:
732:Lim CH, Turner A, Lim BX (2016).
681:(9995): 743–800. 22 August 2015.
542:United States Eye Injury Registry
472:American Academy of Ophthalmology
235:and preliminary examination, the
133:should refer cases involving the
829:Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol
558:
734:"Patching for corneal abrasion"
750:10.1002/14651858.CD004764.pub3
547:Wilderness medical emergencies
1:
687:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4
326:Blowout fracture of the orbit
412:subconjunctival hemorrhages
91:can be a serious threat to
1037:
738:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
453:it with copious flushing.
449:the solution, but instead
798:10.1080/09286580500346645
597:Archives of Ophthalmology
49:
40:
391:; or, rarely, traumatic
1000:Penetrating head injury
482:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
264:
237:primary care physician
154:Road traffic accidents
518:and non-prescription
262:
156:(RTAs) with head and
786:Ophthalmic Epidemiol
567:at Wikimedia Commons
321:Other types include
128:emergency department
537:Chemical eye injury
431:of the eye with an
387:(welder's burn) or
377:lacrimal canaliculi
332:Muscular Entrapment
294:B) Globe laceration
272:Closed globe injury
202:vitreous hemorrhage
980:Perforated eardrum
841:10.1007/pl00007884
316:Perforating trauma
301:Penetrating trauma
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222:topical anesthetic
206:retinal detachment
1008:
1007:
988:
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563:Media related to
500:eyelid laceration
408:orbital fractures
373:corneal abrasions
278:Open globe injury
231:Depending on the
189:, post-traumatic
135:posterior segment
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30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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959:Corneal abrasion
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393:optic neuropathy
288:A) Globe rupture
179:corneal scarring
87:injuries of the
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744:(7): CD004764.
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233:medical history
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143:eye examination
139:ophthalmologist
120:vitreous humour
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463:pressure patch
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389:snow blindness
383:burns such as
381:radiant energy
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349:chemical burns
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305:Globe fracture
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665:
643:(1): 35–37.
640:
636:
626:
604:(1): 23–30.
601:
595:
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565:Eye injuries
509:
506:Epidemiology
498:In cases of
497:
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467:shield patch
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168:Presentation
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18:Eye injuries
993:Either/both
916:neurotrauma
899:head injury
404:Semi-urgent
399:Semi-urgent
353:conjunctiva
249:semi-urgent
150:shuttlecock
108:projectiles
1021:Eye injury
954:Eye injury
901:) and neck
572:References
520:sunglasses
516:eyeglasses
512:eyeglasses
429:irrigation
423:Irrigation
418:Management
36:Eye injury
949:Black eye
649:0941-293X
532:Black eye
345:emergency
339:Emergency
212:Diagnosis
65:neurology
56:Specialty
1015:Category
857:24082780
849:10766285
814:23327492
806:16510343
768:27457359
705:26063472
526:See also
494:Suturing
457:Patching
433:isotonic
198:cataract
191:glaucoma
105:metallic
85:chemical
81:Physical
759:6457868
696:4561509
657:7719073
618:1987951
440:sterile
385:arc eye
195:uveitis
183:hyphema
131:doctors
118:in the
97:redness
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675:Lancet
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451:dilute
447:buffer
436:saline
369:urgent
363:Urgent
357:cornea
245:urgent
124:retina
93:vision
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853:S2CID
810:S2CID
443:water
307:or a
914:see
845:PMID
802:PMID
764:PMID
701:PMID
653:PMID
645:ISSN
614:PMID
410:and
355:and
204:and
122:and
101:pain
99:and
970:ear
939:eye
837:doi
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794:doi
754:PMC
746:doi
691:PMC
683:doi
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