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31:
447:
Eastern milk snake is able to eat venomous snakes due to its venom neutralizing properties found in its blood. In a study on
Eastern milk snakes in Kansas, they identified specific prey items. Twenty natural food items were recorded as follows: 12 Eumeces fasciatus, 2 Diadophis punctatus, 4 Cryptotis parva, 1 Eumeces obsoletus (juvenile, tail only), 1 Carphophis vermis, and 1 Peromyscus maniculatus.
438:
summer and hatch after 2-2½ months. The eastern milk snake takes 3-4 years to reach full maturity. Little is known about their mating patterns. However, it is assumed that they probably mate while still in their hibernacula in the spring before emerging and dispersing to their summer ranges. Mating is inferred to be indiscriminate.
408:(reddish brown sometimes) blotches along the length of the snake on a gray or tan ground. The blotches in the dorsal series are large, while the blotches in the two (or possibly four) lateral series are smaller. The belly pattern is black and white checks (often irregular). The eastern milk snake is often described as exhibiting
390:, chain snake, checkered adder, checkered snake, chequered adder, chequered snake, chicken snake, common milk snake, cow-sucker, highland adder, horn snake, house snake, king snake, leopard-spotted snake, milk sucker, pilot, red snake, sachem snake, sand-king, scarlet milk snake, spotted adder, and thunder-and-lightning snake.
455:
Eastern milk snake jaws are small and delicate, not adapted for ingestion of bulk prey .The eastern milk snake is a constrictor. After striking and seizing prey, it quickly wraps its body around the prey animal to suffocate it. It swallows its prey whole. Common predators of the eastern milk snake
428:
The eastern milk snake is a species commonly found in rural areas where hibernation and feeding sites, such as buildings and mammal burrows, are abundant, and it also uses a variety of open habitats and forest edges. Milksnakes in fragmented habitat, select locations with a greater number of cover
407:
color pattern consists of brownish dorsal saddles, which are edged with black. The dorsal saddles are sometimes reddish or reddish brown in southern areas of its range. The pattern on the top and sides of the snake has also been described as three (or possibly five) series of black-bordered brown
437:
The eastern milk snake is oviparous with an average clutch size of 4-12 eggs. Eggs are typically laid in rotting wood or beneath rocks and logs. Occasionally, some eggs may be buried several inches deep in the soil. Most of the eggs will adhere to one another. Eggs are usually laid in the early
446:
The eastern milk snake is a nocturnal hunter. It feeds primarily on mice but consumes other small mammals, snakes, birds, bird eggs, slugs, and other invertebrates. Juveniles commonly eat other small snakes, amphibians, and insects. As they age, they tend to feed on more birds and rodents. The
456:
include opossums, skunks, raccoons, hawks, owls, and coyotes. For predator avoidance, it mimics the colors of the venomous coral snake and venomous copperhead, which deters its predators. It has also been known to shake its tail to mimic rattlesnakes when threatened.
892:
Marcus P. Maddalena, Jeffrey R. Row, Matthew E. Dyson, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, Bradley C. Fedy; Movement and
Habitat Selection of Eastern Milksnakes (Lampropeltis triangulum) at Intact and Fragmented Sites. Copeia 1 December 2020; 108 (4): 847–854. doi:
1023:
Pfennig, D.W.; Harper, G.R.; Brumo, A.F.; Harcombe, W.R.; Pfennig, K.S. (2007). "Population differences in predation on
Batesian mimics in allopatry with their model: selection against mimics is strongest when they are common".
398:
The eastern milk snake averages 60 to 91 centimetres (24 to 36 in) in total length (including tail), although specimens as long as 132 centimetres (52 in) in total length have been measured. It has smooth and shiny
464:
Like many species of milk snakes, the eastern milk snake is often bred in captivity for the pet trade. It is generally docile and rarely attempts to bite, though it may do so if feeling restrained.
1466:
905:
Dyrkacz, S. (1977). The
Natural History of the Eastern Milk Snake (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) in a Disturbed Environment. Journal of Herpetology, 11(2), 155–159.
870:
Maddalena, Marcus P.; Row, Jeffrey R.; Dyson, Matthew E.; Blouin-Demers, Gabriel; Fedy, Bradley C. (2020). "Movement and
Habitat Selection of Eastern Milk Snakes (
856:
1413:
1011:
Fitch, H. S., & Fleet, R. R. (1970). Natural
History of the Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) in Northeastern Kansas. Herpetologica, 26(4), 387–396.
999:
Fitch, H. S., & Fleet, R. R. (1970). Natural
History of the Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) in Northeastern Kansas. Herpetologica, 26(4), 387–396.
1461:
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1202:. Third Edition, Fifth Printing. (Photographs by Hal H. Harrison). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Fish Commission. 24 pp. (
1126:
1119:. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century. Frontispiece map + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (
184:
1446:
1072:
Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ.
505:
978:
Weinstein, Scott A., et al. (1992). "Variability of Venom-Neutralizing
Properties of Serum from Snakes of the Colubrid Genus
1405:
1209:
1081:
776:
591:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). (
273:
1074:
London: Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 382 pp. + Plates I-XX. (
48:
1451:
1257:
1418:
695:
Armstrong, Michael P.; Frymire, David; Zimmerer, Edmund J. (December 2001). "Analysis of sympatric populations of
703:, in western Kentucky and adjacent Tennessee with relation to the taxonomic status of the scarlet kingsnake".
966:
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1218:
Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition
1195:
941:
664:
605:
580:
256:
217:
1287:
1173:
1117:
What Snakes Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains
1112:
720:
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43:
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1191:
1097:
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817:"Imperfect Batesian mimicry—the effects of the frequency and the distastefulness of the model"
794:
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756:
752:
746:
675:
646:
613:
543:
367:
277:
1088:. The Peterson Field Guide Series. Boston: Houghton Miffflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48.
1086:
A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition
918:
Virginia Herpetological Society. www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
836:
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1220:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures.
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359:
243:
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857:"Illinois Is Getting an Official State Snake. Here's What to Know About the Serpent"
30:
1387:
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1180:. New York: Ronald Press. (A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by
290:
1337:
1162:. (Design and illustrations by Michael Antonoplos). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
320:
316:
144:
120:
130:
60:
832:
650:
1146:
Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares et des Serpens. Tome Quatrième
967:
https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/entry/eastern-milksnake
929:
https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/entry/eastern-milksnake
1331:
748:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians
328:
100:
80:
1379:
1131:
Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares et des Serpens. Tome Second
1045:
724:
420:
In 2023, the eastern milk snake became the official snake of Illinois.
355:
351:
90:
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948:, Colubridae) in the Western United States," Journal of Herpetology,
70:
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429:
objects within open patches surrounded by high density vegetation.
374:) in a portion of its southern range, but this has been disproved.
1246:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 plates, 103 figures. (
987:
906:
612:. Vol. 7: Reptiles, 2nd Edition. Detroit: Gale. p. 477.
412:, being a palatable organism mimicing the unpalatable coral snake
347:
331:
110:
953:
1366:
497:
1312:
1298:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (
645:. Auburn, Alabama: Auburn Printing Company. pp. 200–201.
815:
Lindström, Leena; Alatalo, Rauno V; Mappes, Johanna (1997).
669:
Systematics and Natural History of the American Milk Snake,
789:. Peterson Field Guides. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p.
1262:
Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification
1178:
Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them
362:
in the south. It was once thought by herpetologists to
1296:
A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles
1232:, p. 381 + Plate 35 + Figure 159 on p. 330).
1244:
Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada
1133:. Paris: Imprimerie du Roi, HĂ´tel de Thou. 671 pp. (
1321:
589:Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada
568:". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
674:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Milwaukee Public Museum.
608:(2004). Hutchins, Michael; et al. (eds.).
1250:, pp. 186–188, Figure 56 + Plates 5, 20).
595:, pp. 368-372, Figure 112 + Map 31 on p. 338).
8:
859:. NBCUniversal Media, LLC. 14 December 2022.
1160:Identification Guide to Pennsylvania Snakes
944:(2012). "Feeding Ecology of the Milksnake (
1309:
1108:, pp. 204, 206 + Plate 30 + Map 153).
29:
20:
1467:Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède
840:
633:
631:
629:
576:
574:
1123:, pp. 80–81 + Plate 13, figure 37).
557:
471:
643:The Reptiles and Amphibians of Alabama
38:Adult eastern milk snake in Tennessee
940:Hamilton, Bryan Tyler; Hart, Rachel;
334:is indigenous to eastern and central
7:
1200:Pennsylvania Reptiles and Amphibians
1026:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1013:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3890759
1001:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3890759
874:) at Intact and Fragmented Sites".
346:The eastern milk snake ranges from
1462:Fauna of the Eastern United States
1353:Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum
1323:Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum
1164:Carnegie Museum of Natural History
821:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
701:Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides
610:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
304:Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum
268:Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum
177:Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum
14:
1264:. New York: Golden Press.240 pp.
1047:"House Snake or Milk Snake"
895:https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-19-187
535:
516:
504:
489:
474:
47:
1204:Lampropeltis doliata triangulum
1186:Lampropeltis doliata triangulum
1141:, pp. 86–87). (in French).
988:https://doi.org/10.2307/1565123
907:https://doi.org/10.2307/1563136
697:Lampropeltis triangulum syspila
593:Lampropeltis doliata triangulum
481:Juvenile eastern milk snake in
251:Lampropeltis doliata triangulum
954:https://doi.org/10.1670/10-091
542:Eastern Milk Snake found near
386:include the following: adder,
1:
1457:Reptiles of the United States
1152:", p. 188). (in French).
1148:. Paris: Saugrain. 386 pp. ("
876:Ichthyology & Herpetology
382:Additional common names for
751:. New York: Knopf. p.
1485:
1300:Lampropeltis t. triangulum
1282:Lampropeltis t. triangulum
1248:Lampropeltis t. triangulum
1121:Lampropeltis t. triangulum
1106:Lampropeltis t. triangulum
982:". Journal of Herpetology
523:Eastern milk snake at the
199:
192:
173:
166:
44:Scientific classification
42:
37:
28:
23:
990:. Accessed 25 Apr. 2023.
969:. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
965:Chesapeake Bay Program.
931:. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
927:Chesapeake Bay Program.
307:, commonly known as the
1447:Snakes of North America
1230:Lampropeltis triangulum
1188:, pp. 24–26, 180).
1168:Lampropeltis triangulum
946:Lampropeltis triangulum
872:Lampropeltis triangulum
786:Reptiles and Amphibians
671:Lampropeltis triangulum
566:Lampropeltis triangulum
372:Lampropeltis elapsoides
325:Lampropeltis triangulum
285:Lampropeltis triangulum
1053:Encyclopedia Americana
833:10.1098/rspb.1997.0022
705:Journal of Herpetology
529:Battle Creek, Michigan
496:Eastern milk snake in
212:Lampropeltis triangula
986:(4): 452–461. JSTOR,
159:L. t. triangulum
1078:, pp. 200–201).
1076:Coronella triangulum
665:Williams, Kenneth L.
581:Wright, Albert Hazen
327:). The nonvenomous,
238:Coronella triangulum
225:Ophibolus triangulus
1284:, p. 180-181).
1184:). viii + 185 pp. (
388:blatschich schlange
24:Eastern milk snake
16:Subspecies of snake
1452:Reptiles of Canada
1302:, pp. 89–90).
1198:(editors) (1970).
1150:Couleuvre triangle
1144:Lacépède (1789).
1135:Coluber triangulum
781:Collins, Joseph T.
585:Wright, Anna Allen
511:Eastern milk snake
309:eastern milk snake
203:Coluber triangulum
145:L. triangulum
1429:
1428:
1315:Taxon identifiers
1226:978-0-544-12997-9
827:(1379): 149–153.
800:978-0-395-58389-0
762:978-0-394-50824-5
681:978-0-89326-158-0
619:978-0-7876-5783-3
606:Savitzky, Alan H.
544:Decatur, New York
451:Predator and prey
368:scarlet kingsnake
313:eastern milksnake
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442:Feeding behavior
415:Micrurus fulvius
410:Batesian mimicry
384:L. t. triangulum
354:in the north to
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62:
59:
56:
55:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1442:Lampropeltis
1322:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1281:
1261:
1258:Brodie ED Jr
1247:
1243:
1229:
1217:
1212:, Conant R,
1203:
1199:
1185:
1177:
1167:
1159:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1116:
1105:
1085:
1075:
1071:
1068:Boulenger GA
1051:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
980:Lampropeltis
979:
974:
961:
949:
945:
936:
923:
914:
901:
888:
879:
875:
871:
865:
851:
824:
820:
809:
785:
771:
747:
733:
708:
704:
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696:
690:
672:
668:
659:
642:
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592:
588:
565:
560:
463:
454:
445:
436:
433:Reproduction
427:
419:
413:
397:
387:
383:
381:
378:Common names
371:
345:
324:
312:
308:
303:
302:
301:
293:et al., 2014
284:
267:
250:
237:
224:
211:
202:
176:
174:
158:
157:
153:Subspecies:
143:
132:Lampropeltis
131:
18:
1388:iNaturalist
1347:Wikispecies
1288:Stejneger L
1196:Richmond ND
394:Description
261:A.A. Wright
257:A.H. Wright
1436:Categories
1236:Schmidt KP
1214:Collins JT
1192:Netting MG
1166:. 12 pp. (
1111:Conant R,
1031:: 505-511.
882:: 847–854.
552:References
364:intergrade
321:milk snake
317:subspecies
121:Colubridae
107:Suborder:
1292:Barbour T
1174:Morris PA
1127:Lacépède
1113:Bridges W
366:with the
139:Species:
111:Serpentes
67:Kingdom:
61:Eukaryota
1338:Q2998807
1332:Wikidata
1294:(1917).
1260:(1982).
1254:Smith HM
1242:(1941).
1240:Davis DD
1216:(2016).
1210:Powell R
1176:(1948).
1158:(1980).
1156:McCoy CJ
1129:(1789).
1115:(1939).
1084:(1975).
1082:Conant R
1070:(1894).
783:(1991).
745:(1979).
667:(1988).
641:(1975).
587:(1957).
460:As a pet
329:colubrid
244:Boettger
194:Synonyms
185:Lacépède
117:Family:
101:Squamata
91:Reptilia
81:Chordata
77:Phylum:
71:Animalia
57:Domain:
1380:7190732
1367:1251049
1056:. 1920.
842:1688248
725:1565915
651:1958638
468:Gallery
424:Habitat
356:Alabama
352:Ontario
319:of the
315:, is a
291:Wallach
278:Collins
187:, 1789)
127:Genus:
97:Order:
87:Class:
1419:165055
1406:209242
1276:
1268:
1224:
1100:
1092:
839:
797:
759:
723:
678:
649:
616:
405:dorsal
403:. The
401:scales
280:, 1991
276:&
274:Conant
263:, 1957
259:&
246:, 1898
233:, 1884
231:Garman
220:, 1860
1393:29783
721:JSTOR
348:Maine
332:snake
1414:NCBI
1401:ITIS
1375:GBIF
1274:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1090:ISBN
795:ISBN
757:ISBN
699:and
676:ISBN
647:OCLC
614:ISBN
498:Ohio
358:and
218:Cope
1362:EoL
1228:. (
837:PMC
829:doi
825:264
791:207
753:457
713:doi
527:in
350:to
311:or
1438::
1416::
1403::
1390::
1377::
1364::
1349::
1334::
1290:,
1256:,
1238:,
1194:,
1050:.
1029:61
984:26
956:.
950:46
909:.
878:.
835:.
823:.
819:.
793:.
779:;
755:.
741:;
719:.
709:35
707:.
628:^
583:;
573:^
338:.
289:—
272:—
255:—
242:—
229:—
216:—
880:4
845:.
831::
813:.
803:.
765:.
727:.
715::
684:.
653:.
622:.
564:"
370:(
323:(
183:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
