844:
1031:
33:
720:. The Tamil area had an independent existence outside the control of these northern empires. The Tamil kings and chiefs were always in conflict with each other mostly over property. The royal courts were mostly places of social gathering rather than places of dispensation of authority; they were centres for distribution of resources.
1209:'There were three levels of redistribution corresponding to the three categories of chieftains, namely: the Ventar, Velir and Kilar in descending order. Ventar were the chieftains of the three major lineages, viz Cera, Cola and Pandya. Velir were mostly hill chieftains, while Kilar were the headmen of settlements...' —
1027:. This work also describes the numerous battles Karikala fought against the other two Tamil kings in one of which the Chera king was disgraced (received a wound on his back) and committed suicide. Karikala thus broke the confederacy that was formed against him and established hegemony over Pandyas and Cheras.
1098:
by
Poygayar mentions the Chola King Kocengannan and his battle with the Chera king Kanaikkal Irumporai. The Chera was taken prisoner and Poygayar, who was a friend of the Chera, sang a poem praising the Chola King Kochchenganan in 40 stanzas. The Chola king, pleased with the work, released the Chera.
1143:
The Chola monarchs were approachable by subjects and justice was meted out directly by the king in most occasions. This is in marked contrast to the magnificent empires of the later Cholas where the
Emperor was kept much away from contact with the lay people. The kings often took the field in person
968:
The Chola kings namely
Dharmavarcholan and Killivalavan developed the shrine of Srirangam into big temple seen now. They laid the basic foundations and primary Buildings. Killi, Thiru Mangai, Kulasekaran, Rajamahendra and Thiru Vikrama were named in the Sri Ranganathar temple in Tiruchchirappalli as
987:
The earliest Chola kings of whom we have tangible evidence are those mentioned in the Sangam literature, written in the period 600 BCE–300 CE. Unfortunately, it has not been possible to piece together an internal chronology of the Sangam works. Due to this, we know of several rulers, but not
960:
which gives fifteen names before
Vijayalaya Cholan including the historical ones of Karikala, Perunarkilli and Kocengannan. The Thiruvalangadu Plate swells this list to forty-four, and the Kanyakumari Plate runs up to fifty-two. There are other lists gathered from literary works such as
1139:
Hereditary monarchy was the prevailing form of government. Disputed succession and civil war was not uncommon. The sphere of state activity was limited. In a society steeped in respect for custom, even the most perverse dictator could not have done much harm.
1078:. Nedunkilli shut himself in a fort in Avur, which was being besieged by Mavalattan, Nalankilli's younger brother. The poet chided Nedunkilli to come out and fight like a man instead of causing untold misery to the people of the city.
955:
These historic incidents received enormous emphasis in the later Chola period in the long mythical genealogies incorporated into the copper-plate charters of the 10th and 11th centuries. The earliest version of this is found in the
1135:
The land of the Cholas was fertile and there was ample food. Sangam poems say that in the Chola country watered by the river Kaveri, in a space in which an elephant could lie, one can produce enough grain to feed seven.
843:
1044:
and in inscriptions and literary works of the 11th and 12th centuries. They attribute to him the conquest of the whole of India up to the
Himalayas and the construction of the flood banks,
1015:, a brave king and a hard fighter. 'Karikala' means 'elephant feller' or 'charred leg', which is assumed to be a reference to an accident by fire that befell the prince early in his life.
1294:
894:
directed by a parrot. Beyond the ancient textual history, archaeological evidence such as inscriptions refer to this temple, and these stone inscriptions are from late
921:
are replete with history about the Early Chola kings. The Cholas were looked upon as descended from the sun. These historic incidents speak of the Chola king
969:
being ancestors of
Killivallavan. Dharmavarma was another ancestor of Killivallavan, possibly his father. It is located in the middle of the Trichy town.
627:
1716:
898:. Hence, making it one of the oldest surviving active temple complexes in South India. there are many mandapas which were built near the main
1605:
1473:
1368:
978:
1726:
988:
their chronology. All three kings have been portrayed as fighting the war or involved in feeding both the armies at that legendary war.
948:) as the just king who '..had a bell with a rope attached at the head of his bed, so that all who sought redress might ring it..'. King
1253:'Everywhere within Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi's domain, and among the people beyond the borders, the Cholas, the Pandyas, the
1211:
1661:
1411:
Schalk, Peter (2002). "Buddhism Among Tamils in Pre-colonial
Tamilakam and Ilam: Prologue. The Pre-Pallava and the Pallava period".
1132:
Sangam literature gives an unusually complete and true picture of the social and economic conditions during the early Chola period.
847:
1489:
1302:
957:
768:
524:
1425:
details King
Kulakottan's involvement in the restoration of Koneswaram temple in 438 A.D. (Pillay, K., Pillay, K. (1963).
1019:
describes this accident and the enterprising way in which the prince escaped and established himself in the Chola throne.
744:
1711:
620:
599:
1144:
in battles and if the kings was killed or wounded in battle, his army immediately gave up the fight and surrendered.
1081:
In another poem, the poet begs both the princes to give up the civil war as whoever wins, the loser will be a Chola.
758:
Another source for the available information of the early Cholas is the early Tamil literature of the Sangam Period.
952:
who rescued a dove from a hawk by giving his own flesh to the hungry hawk was also part of the early Chola history.
559:
544:
564:
1052:
with the aid of his feudatories. These legends however are conspicuous by their absence in the works of Sangam.
788:(81–96 CE) and contains precious information of the Chola country. Writing half a century later, the geographer
1515:
752:
1721:
613:
584:
860:
811:
692:
481:
324:
766:. There are also brief notices on the Chola country and its towns, ports and commerce furnished by the
421:
411:
1344:
have been the main source for the information we attribute now to
Karikala. See also K.A.N. Sastri,
1024:
391:
1416:
1330:
832:
820:
441:
371:
344:
334:
254:
1641:
Krishnamurthy, R Non-Roman
Ancient Foreign Coins from Karur in India, Garnet Publishers, Chennai
933:
who sentenced his son to death for having accidentally killed a calf. Mahavamasa portrays King
1657:
1601:
1469:
1364:
1181:
982:
930:
929:, whose devotion brought the river Kaveri into existence. There is also the story of the king
899:
851:
824:
763:
736:
497:
314:
304:
1595:
1358:
872:
1393:
1110:
Kocengannan became the subject of many instances in later times and is portrayed as a pious
549:
529:
294:
264:
194:
1219:
1034:
Kallanai / Grand Anicut built by Karikala Cholan, on the River Kaveri, near Tiruchirappalli
1693:
918:
224:
185:
1541:
1493:
1324:
1040:
1007:
997:
878:
759:
728:
669:
665:
534:
489:
132:
87:
1030:
739:(inscribed 273–232 BCE) inscriptions, among the kingdoms, which though not subject to
1705:
1682:
1176:
1127:
732:
724:
677:
653:
649:
554:
473:
381:
141:
43:
1440:
1259:
1171:
1148:
1049:
1045:
1012:
949:
938:
887:
762:
was the most famous early Chola. He is mentioned in a number of poems in the Tamil
702:
and several chieftaincies, headed by the chiefs called by the general denomination
579:
431:
362:
274:
234:
150:
123:
1070:
The poet Kovur Kilar mentions a protracted civil war between two Chola chieftains
965:. No two of these lists agree, although some names and details are common to all.
1555:
1463:
1100:
1090:
886:. The Kaveri river flood destroyed the temple, and later, the early Cholas King
828:
816:
401:
214:
78:
850:
is the largest functioning religious complex in the world and mentioned in the
1397:
1340:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1061:
866:
855:
781:
755:
of the confederacy of the Tamil kingdoms that had existed for over 100 years.
695:
539:
284:
114:
105:
32:
792:
has more to tell us about the Chola country, its port and its inland cities.
795:
748:
657:
594:
589:
569:
1633:
1099:
Kalavali describes the battle fought at Kalumalam, near the Chera capital.
17:
1384:
Hellmann-Rajanayagam, Dagmar (1994). "Tamils and the meaning of history".
1114:
devotee who built many fine temples for Siva along the banks of the river
1104:
1002:
934:
799:
785:
504:
244:
204:
96:
926:
907:
789:
673:
574:
62:
1254:
1115:
1038:
In later times Karikala was the subject of many legends found in the
803:
802:
text, also recounts a number of conflicts between the inhabitants of
740:
708:
661:
645:
1147:
The trade that flourished between the Chola country and the ancient
1111:
1029:
910:
842:
684:
history goes back to the period when written records were scarce.
681:
1645:
1644:
Codrington, H. W. A short History of Ceylon, London (1926) <
1519:
835:
of the west coast, and as the royal who settled ancient Vanniar.
712:. Still lower at the local level there were clan chiefs called
1005:(c. 90 BCE) stands pre-eminent amongst all those mentioned in
1299:
Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XX (1929–1930). Delhi, 1933, pp 86–89
698:
contained three monarchical states, headed by kings called
656:(600 BCE–300 CE). It was one of the three main kingdoms of
858:(500 BCE - 300 CE), there are mentions in many books like
815:
and stone inscriptions like Konesar Kalvettu recount that
1638:
Nagaswamy, R, Roman Karur, Brahadish Publications (1995)
1218:. Kerala Council for Historical Research. Archived from
1570:
Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature
1301:. Missouri Southern State University. Archived from
1200:
K.A.N. Sashtri, A History of South India, pp 109–112
751:, who ruled around 150 BCE, mentioned in the famous
882:. The temple was first built by the Chola ruler,
743:, were on friendly terms with him. The king of
1257:, the Keralaputras, as far as Tamraparni...' —
1465:Coromandel: A Personal History of South India
806:and the Tamil immigrants from Chola Country.
621:
8:
890:rebuilt the temple complex after seeing the
1671:
628:
614:
39:
1516:"Welcome to Sri Ranganathar Swamy Temple"
1468:. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 154.
1023:is a long poem on the then Chola capital
1656:. New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers.
1634:http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/
819:, an early Chola king and descendant of
31:
1556:"Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam"
1193:
42:
7:
1334:and a number of individual poems in
979:Tamil history from Sangam literature
925:, supposed contemporary of the sage
1452:Silappadikaram book 11, lines 35–40
27:One of three ancient Tamil kingdoms
1629:, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
1597:The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1360:The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1260:"Ashoka's second minor rock edict"
723:The names of the three dynasties,
25:
823:, was the restorer of the ruined
784:merchant, written in the time of
1212:"Perspectives on Kerala History"
848:Srirangam Ranganathaswamy temple
1625:Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955).
1646:http://lakdiva.org/codrington/
1413:Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis
1153:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
769:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1:
1717:Empires and kingdoms of India
1156:
942:
167:
68:
1632:South Indian Inscriptions -
1600:. Ashgate Publishing. 1980.
1421:The Tamil stone inscription
1363:. Ashgate Publishing. 1980.
660:. Their early capitals were
1262:. Colorado State University
1151:is given in much detail by
973:Cholas in Sangam literature
600:Legendary early Chola kings
1743:
1727:History of Tiruchirappalli
1443:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
1125:
1088:
1059:
995:
976:
780:is a work by an anonymous
560:Great Living Chola Temples
545:Chola art and architecture
1690:
1680:
1674:
1398:10.1080/09584939408719724
1295:"Hathigumpha Inscription"
1056:Nalankilli and Nedunkilli
1627:A History of South India
1583:A History of South India
1490:"27. King Killivazhavan"
1242:A History of South India
1011:. Karikala's father was
917:The inscriptions of the
774:Periplus Maris Erythraei
1386:Contemporary South Asia
809:Chronicles such as the
753:Hathigumpha inscription
735:, are mentioned in the
1568:Kamil Veith Zvelebil,
1542:"History of Srirangam"
1427:South India and Ceylon
1392:(1). Routledge: 3–23.
1035:
946: 3rd century BCE
914:
585:Gangaikonda Cholapuram
255:Parantaka II (Sundara)
37:
1033:
846:
812:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
505:Rajahnate of Sanmalan
35:
937:who was defeated by
265:Aditya II (Karikala)
1652:Keay, John (2000).
1305:on 17 November 2006
902:which dates around
1712:Dynasties of India
1581:Nilakanta Sastri,
1522:on 30 October 2022
1462:Allen, C. (2017).
1417:Uppsala University
1331:Porunaraatruppadai
1036:
915:
833:Munneswaram temple
821:Manu Needhi Cholan
46:Kings and Emperors
38:
1700:
1699:
1691:Succeeded by
1607:978-0-904180-05-3
1475:978-1-4087-0540-7
1441:Sangam literature
1370:978-0-904180-05-3
1222:on 26 August 2006
1182:Sangam literature
1122:Social conditions
1103:is one of the 63
983:Sangam literature
900:Sanctum Sanctorum
896:100 BCE to 100 CE
852:Sangam literature
825:Koneswaram temple
764:Sangam literature
737:Pillars of Ashoka
672:. Along with the
638:
637:
565:Solesvara Temples
525:Ganges Expedition
510:
509:
498:Rajahnate of Cebu
466:Related dynasties
450:
449:
353:
352:
158:
157:
16:(Redirected from
1734:
1675:Preceded by
1672:
1667:
1654:India: A History
1612:
1611:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1518:. Archived from
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1492:. Archived from
1486:
1480:
1479:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1423:Konesar Kalvettu
1408:
1402:
1401:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1355:
1349:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1216:P.J.Cherian (Ed)
1207:
1201:
1198:
1161:
1158:
963:Kalingathuparani
947:
944:
904:100 CE to 300 CE
630:
623:
616:
550:Chola literature
530:Chola government
470:
469:
368:
367:
191:
190:
176:
172:
169:
73:
70:
59:
58:
40:
21:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1694:Medieval Cholas
1686:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1651:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1496:on 29 June 2020
1488:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1280:K.A.N. Sastri,
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1240:K.A.N. Sastri,
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1168:
1159:
1130:
1124:
1093:
1087:
1068:
1060:Main articles:
1058:
1000:
994:
985:
975:
945:
919:Medieval Cholas
841:
831:in 438 CE, the
690:
652:- pre and post
648:kingdom of the
634:
605:
604:
520:
512:
511:
467:
452:
451:
365:
355:
354:
225:Rajaditya Chola
188:
186:Medieval Cholas
174:
170:
160:
159:
71:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1587:
1574:
1561:
1547:
1533:
1507:
1481:
1474:
1454:
1445:
1433:
1403:
1376:
1369:
1350:
1325:Pattinappaalai
1316:
1286:
1273:
1246:
1233:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1126:Main article:
1123:
1120:
1089:Main article:
1086:
1083:
1057:
1054:
1041:Cilappatikaram
1025:Kaveripattinam
1017:Pattinappaalai
1008:Pattinappaalai
1003:Karikala Chola
998:Karikala Chola
996:Main article:
993:
992:Karikala Chola
990:
974:
971:
840:
837:
760:Karikala Chola
689:
686:
670:Kaveripattinam
666:Tiruchirapalli
636:
635:
633:
632:
625:
618:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
535:Chola military
532:
527:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
508:
507:
501:
500:
494:
493:
490:Nidugal Cholas
486:
485:
478:
477:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
454:
453:
448:
447:
444:
438:
437:
434:
428:
427:
424:
422:Kulothunga III
418:
417:
414:
412:Rajadhiraja II
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
394:
388:
387:
384:
378:
377:
374:
366:
361:
360:
357:
356:
351:
350:
347:
341:
340:
337:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
317:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
277:
271:
270:
267:
261:
260:
257:
251:
250:
247:
241:
240:
237:
231:
230:
227:
221:
220:
217:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
197:
189:
184:
183:
180:
179:
162:
161:
156:
155:
153:
147:
146:
144:
138:
137:
135:
133:Kopperuncholan
129:
128:
126:
120:
119:
117:
111:
110:
108:
102:
101:
99:
93:
92:
90:
88:Ilamchetchenni
84:
83:
81:
75:
74:
72: 161 BCE
65:
57:
52:
51:
48:
47:
36:Karikala Chola
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1739:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:Chola dynasty
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1695:
1688:
1687:Early Cholas
1684:
1673:
1665:
1663:0-00-255717-7
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Chola Dynasty
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Sangam period
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:Pattinappalai
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
991:
989:
984:
980:
972:
970:
966:
964:
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939:Duttha Gamini
936:
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619:
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555:Flag of Chola
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541:
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531:
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519:Chola society
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474:Telugu Chodas
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392:Kulothunga II
390:
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364:
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348:
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175: 848 CE
166:Interregnum (
164:
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142:Kochchenganan
140:
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55:
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41:
34:
30:
19:
1683:Chola empire
1681:
1653:
1626:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1564:
1550:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1494:the original
1484:
1464:
1457:
1448:
1436:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1419:: 159, 503.
1412:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1359:
1353:
1345:
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1335:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1298:
1289:
1281:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1249:
1241:
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1215:
1205:
1196:
1172:Chola Empire
1160: 75 CE
1152:
1149:Roman Empire
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1080:
1069:
1050:Kaveri River
1046:Grand Anicut
1039:
1037:
1020:
1016:
1013:Ilamcetcenni
1006:
1001:
986:
967:
962:
958:Anbil Plates
954:
922:
916:
903:
895:
891:
888:Killivalavan
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
839:Early Cholas
827:and tank at
810:
808:
794:
777:
773:
767:
757:
722:
717:
713:
707:
703:
699:
691:
642:Early Cholas
641:
639:
580:Melakadambur
492:of Karnataka
457:
442:Rajendra III
432:Rajaraja III
372:Kulothunga I
363:Later Cholas
345:Athirajendra
335:Virarajendra
325:Rajamahendra
235:Gandaraditya
165:
151:Perunarkilli
124:Killivalavan
54:Early Cholas
53:
29:
1309:15 November
1284:, 1935 p 20
1266:15 November
1255:Satyaputras
1226:15 November
1101:Kocengannan
1091:Kocengannan
1085:Kocengannan
884:Dharmavarma
829:Trincomalee
817:Kulakkottan
782:Alexandrian
482:Chodagangas
402:Rajaraja II
315:Rajendra II
305:Rajadhiraja
215:Parantaka I
79:Kulakkottan
18:Early Chola
1706:Categories
1619:References
1341:Purananuru
1076:Nedunkilli
1072:Nalankilli
1066:Nedunkilli
1062:Nalankilli
977:See also:
867:Purananuru
856:Sangam era
696:Tamil Nadu
540:Chola Navy
484:of Kalinga
295:Rajendra I
285:Rajaraja I
195:Vijayalaya
173: – c.
171: 200
115:Nalankilli
106:Nedunkilli
1415:. 19–20.
1346:The Colas
1336:Akananuru
1282:The CōĻas
1048:, of the
906:built by
873:Paripāṭal
861:Akanaṉūṟu
796:Mahavamsa
749:Kharavela
658:Tamilakam
595:Tiruvarur
590:Thanjavur
570:Poompuhar
476:of Andhra
446:1246–1279
436:1216–1256
426:1178–1218
416:1166–1178
406:1146–1173
396:1133–1150
386:1118–1135
376:1070–1120
349:1067–1070
339:1063–1070
329:1060–1063
319:1051–1063
309:1018–1054
299:1012–1044
67:205 BCE–
1166:See also
1105:nayanars
1096:Kalavali
935:Ellaalan
923:Kantaman
800:Buddhist
786:Domitian
778:Periplus
676:and the
289:985–1014
245:Arinjaya
205:Aditya I
199:848–871?
97:Karikala
1585:, p 105
1526:29 June
1500:29 June
1244:, p 129
927:Agastya
908:Uraiyur
854:of the
790:Ptolemy
745:Kalinga
729:Pandyas
700:Vendhar
693:Ancient
688:Sources
674:Pandyas
644:were a
575:Uraiyur
458:Related
382:Vikrama
279:971–987
269:966–971
259:950–980
249:955–956
239:949–962
229:935–949
219:907–955
209:871–907
63:Ellalan
1660:
1604:
1472:
1367:
1348:, 1935
1116:Kaveri
911:Cholas
804:Ceylon
741:Ashoka
733:Cheras
731:, and
725:Cholas
718:mannar
714:kizhar
680:, the
678:Cheras
662:Urayur
275:Uttama
1648:>.
1572:, p12
1188:Notes
709:Velir
682:Chola
646:Tamil
44:Chola
1658:ISBN
1602:ISBN
1528:2020
1502:2020
1470:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1338:and
1311:2006
1268:2006
1228:2006
1112:Siva
1074:and
1064:and
981:and
950:Sibi
931:Manu
876:and
798:, a
668:and
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