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445:
738:), in that the novel form would be the direct result of poking fun at a collection of heroic folk legends. This is fully in keeping with the spirit of the age of enlightenment which began from about this time and delighted in giving a satirical twist to the stories and ideas of the past. It is worth noting that this trend toward satirising previous writings was only made possible by the
938:. Slaves were also bought or received as gifts. They were made to serve as pages at court or in the households of the affluent, or as soldiers and bodyguards. Young men, slaves or not, also, served wine at banquets and receptions, and the more gifted among them could play music and maintain a cultivated conversation. It was
729:
has been called "the first novel" by many literary scholars (or the first of the modern
European novels). It was published in two parts. The first part was published in 1605 and the second in 1615. It might be viewed as a parody of
1226:
Many genres of literature made their début during the Edo Period, helped by a rising literacy rate among the growing population of townspeople, as well as the development of lending libraries. Although there was a
871:
Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose never managed to develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of
473:
1239:
might be said to have given birth to the modern consciousness of the novel in Japan, mixing vernacular dialogue into his humorous and cautionary tales of the pleasure quarters.
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copies of a book it would not be possible to assume the reader will have seen the earlier work and will thus understand the references within the text. In the 18th century
825:. Of the two, poetry—specifically, Divan poetry—was by far the dominant stream. Moreover, until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not contain any examples of
466:
1235:, it was the importation of Chinese vernacular fiction that proved the greatest outside influence on the development of Early Modern Japanese fiction.
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A new spirit of science and investigation in Europe was part of a general upheaval in human understanding, which began with the discovery of the
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performers improvised in the streets of Italy and France. Some
Commedia dell'arte plays were written down. Both the written plays and the
990:
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became established as a form there first had to be a transitional stage when "novelty" began to appear in the style of the epic poem.
1391:
1220:
1042:'s lines. More developed forms of Khariboli can be seen in some mediocre literature produced in early 18th century. Examples are
1249:, which is a mix of travelogue and comedy. Tsuga Teisho, Takebe Ayatari, and Okajima Kanzan were instrumental in developing the
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Plays for entertainment (as opposed to religious enlightenment) returned to Europe's stages in the early modern period.
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which was the subject of lyrical introductions to panegyrics from the beginning of
Persian poetry, and of the ghazal."
679:
were influential upon literature of the time, particularly upon the work of Molière. Shakespeare drew upon the arts of
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is the most notable of the early modern playwrighters, but numerous others made important contributions, including
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notes, "As a rule, the beloved is not a woman, but a young man. In the early centuries of Islam, the raids into
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and strolling players in creating new style comedies. All the parts, even the female ones, were played by men (
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841:(though analogous genres did, to some extent, exist in both the Turkish folk tradition and in Divan poetry).
1352:
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1255:, which were historical romances almost entirely in prose, influenced by Chinese vernacular novels such as
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Nevertheless, there was a tradition of prose in the literature of the time. This tradition was exclusively
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remains mostly unaffected by
European influence, and effects of modernization that would lead up to the
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1219:, perhaps Japan's most famous woodblock print artist, also illustrated fiction as well as his famous
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689:) but that would change, first in France and then in England too, by the end of the 17th century.
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and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a sentence, there must be a
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art form. From the
Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of
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in 1492 and continues through the subsequent centuries, even up to the present day.
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Cambridge
History of Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.973-974. 1986
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In Europe, the Early Modern period lasts roughly from 1550 to 1750, spanning the
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in the sense the work is usually understood dates from around 1597. It is
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love toward young pages, soldiers, or novices in trades and professions
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whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير
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829:; that is, there were no counterparts to, for instance, the European
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The two primary streams of
Ottoman written literature are poetry and
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went into decline in the High Middle Ages, to the benefit of
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became apparent only from the Late Qing period in the 1890s.
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that was written in 1796, though not published until 1867.
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sees the development of various literary dialects such as
922:
Regarding the tradition of
Persian love poetry during the
632:
The form of writing now commonplace across the world—the
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underwent various attempts of modernization from 1828 (
957:styles) took over. This style has its roots in the
1374:Persian Poetry in the Timurid and Safavid Periods,
1058:by Anonymous, a translation of Ravishenacharya's
1205:became popular at the end of the 17th century.
887:, a type of writing descended from the Arabic
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908:tradition was limited to narrative poetry.
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949:of Persian poetry (sometimes also called
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1181:Literature during the largely peaceful
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621:French literature of the 17th century
561:lasts until the establishment of the
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1231:trickling into the country from the
671:. From the 16th to the 18th century
1006:, notably in use for Late Medieval
991:Literature of the Kingdom of Mysore
844:Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly
16:16th–early 18th-century literature
14:
757:The 16th century saw outstanding
1291:
868:)—were more or less prescribed.
706:for an elite circle of literate
692:The earliest work considered an
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1343:One apparent exception was the
983:Early Modern Bengali literature
597:Early Modern English literature
537:corresponds to the rule of the
1215:(奥の細道, 1702), a travel diary.
961:era and produced the likes of
514:, and in Europe in particular
1:
1359:, a collection of stories of
1269:masterpieces were written by
1044:Chand Chhand Varnan Ki Mahima
996:Classical Sanskrit literature
987:Early Modern Tamil literature
879:(سجع, also transliterated as
545:, the "Early Modern period" (
533:. The Early Modern period in
531:wars of the French Revolution
1233:Dutch settlement at Nagasaki
945:After the 15th century, the
817:Poetry of the Ottoman Empire
769:. Later the most well-known
1062:by Daulatram (dated 1824).
1030:. The earliest examples of
1026:, the latter showing heavy
813:Prose of the Ottoman Empire
742:. Without the invention of
734:(and other examples of the
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1312:17th century in literature
1307:16th century in literature
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793:are appreciated for their
661:Pedro Calderón de la Barca
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1372:Yar-Shater, Ehsan. 1986.
1050:by Ramprasad Niranjani,
726:Don Quixote de la Mancha
702:, (now lost) written by
1392:Early modern literature
1229:minor Western influence
1034:can be seen in some of
926:era, Persian historian
864:) and opposition (تضاد
605:Jacobean era literature
508:early modern literature
504:18th century literature
1317:Renaissance literature
1221:36 Views of Mount Fuji
609:Restoration literature
601:Elizabethan literature
516:Renaissance literature
1246:Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige
1201:and kabuki dramatist
1175:Further information:
1070:Further information:
977:Further information:
916:Further information:
811:Further information:
775:Juana Inés de la Cruz
754:wrote famous novels.
713:who gathered as the "
595:Further information:
488:history of literature
450:Literature portal
23:History of literature
1203:Chikamatsu Monzaemon
1002:vernaculars such as
963:Amir Khosrow Dehlavi
934:produced many young
585:New Culture Movement
527:Age of Enlightenment
525:and ending with the
1279:Harusame monogatari
1177:Japanese literature
1052:Gora-Badal ki katha
787:Jean de La Fontaine
721:Miguel de Cervantes
669:Christopher Marlowe
645:William Shakespeare
613:Augustan literature
512:Medieval literature
492:early modern period
251:Old Church Slavonic
241:Maharashtri Prakrit
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1056:Mandovar ka varnan
918:Persian literature
807:Ottoman literature
673:commedia dell'arte
577:Chinese literature
246:Pre-Proto-Mongolic
1299:Literature portal
1275:Ugetsu monogatari
1028:Persian influence
979:Indian literature
736:chivalric romance
732:Le Morte d'Arthur
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1127:Qing dynasty
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1083:Gui Youguang
1078:Ming dynasty
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1015:
1010:poetry. The
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947:Indian style
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932:Central Asia
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902:nonfictional
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369:Early modern
368:
108:
47:
1156:Gong Zizhen
1054:by Jatmal,
1040:Amir Khusro
965:, and Bhai
835:short story
779:John Milton
704:Jacopo Peri
686:en travesti
657:Jean Racine
563:British Raj
510:, succeeds
502:and partly
256:Old English
158:Old Persian
1347:(مخيّلات "
1345:Muhayyelât
1334:Belge, 389
1323:References
1183:Edo Period
1012:Mughal era
846:ritualized
785:. In turn
759:epic poems
708:Florentine
559:Mughal era
547:Edo period
421:by century
371:by century
332:by century
276:Old Turkic
261:Old German
49:Bronze Age
1138:Liu Dakui
1107:Zhang Dai
1032:Khariboli
1004:Old Hindi
711:humanists
627:New World
316:Tocharian
271:Old Malay
266:Old Khmer
163:Old Tamil
110:Classical
1386:Category
1285:See also
1189:(modern
1162:Wei Yuan
1150:Yuan Mei
1132:Fang Pao
1095:Xu Xiake
1017:Dakkhini
951:Isfahani
860:/ تناسب
850:symbolic
715:Camerata
571:Tanzimat
529:and the
330:Medieval
231:Japanese
226:Georgian
201:Bactrian
196:Armenian
168:Sanskrit
153:Phrygian
148:Parthian
97:Sumerian
62:Akkadian
1349:Fancies
1267:yomihon
1252:yomihon
1217:Hokusai
1144:Yao Nai
1113:Tu Long
959:Timurid
924:Safavid
906:fiction
862:tenâsüb
854:symbols
831:romance
827:fiction
681:jesters
653:Molière
579:of the
490:of the
311:Tibetan
301:Sogdian
236:Kannada
133:Aramaic
77:Hittite
67:Elamite
38:corpora
34:Ancient
1351:") of
1265:. Two
1243:wrote
1209:wrote
1199:joruri
1197:. The
1195:kabuki
1101:Gao Qi
1008:Bhakti
989:, and
955:Safavi
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