ARCAspace - Knowledge (XXG)

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including the two A1 interceptor variants. The series consists of the CER-160, CER-500, CER-1200, the RTV & MIRTV, and the Target Rocket (“TR”) versions of all three vehicles. The CER-160 is the smallest vehicle in the series, with the 1200 being the largest. The civilian CER-160 is capable of reaching 20 kilometers in altitude, with a maximum speed of Mach 1.9, all while carrying a payload of up to 3 kilograms. The CER-500 rocket reaches 30 km and Mach 2.1, with a payload of 100kg. Finally, the CER-1200 is able to reach 40 km and Mach 2.6 with a 1,000kg payload. All civilian CER rockets launch from “canisters” (akin to silos) proportional to the rocket size. The Target Rocket versions of all 3 vehicles are available only to military customers, and feature canister angle support to allow for various firing angles, to alter the vehicle’s flight parameters. The RTV (Reentry Target Vehicle) & MIRTV (Multiple Independent Reentry Target Vehicles) are products designed to simulate the terminal flight of ballistic missiles, allowing for military forces to train their anti-missile systems in a cost-effect way. Both the RTV and MIRTV are launched by the CER-1200 rocket, though modified to feature an upper “booster” stage. ARCA proposes these products as alternatives to the expensive option of firing a real, but inert missile/weapon to train interception forces. The A1 is being developed and sold under the CER program.

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from the earlier suborbital capsule for the Haas 2B), which will use the engine on its service module to approach the target asteroid. The spacecraft will then harpoon the asteroid, then reel itself in to begin mining operations. Upon completion of mining, it will return to the AMi Cargo vehicle, which will propel it back to Earth. Upon reaching Earth, the capsule will detach and jettison the service module prior to reentry. The capsule will then perform a high-velocity landing at sea, without the use of a parachute, relying on the structural integrity of the 7-meter diameter heat shield on the front of the return capsule for safe recovery of the material inside. A subscale demonstration of this technique was performed in October 2023, using a manned hot air balloon during Mission 12, carried out alongside the RTV’s Mission 16. ARCA intends to eventually upgrade the spacecraft for uncrewed missions to other planets. To support deep space operations, ARCA intends to construct their own Deep Space Network, akin to

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materials and aluminum alloys on a large scale. The composite materials offer low construction costs and reduced weight of the components. They were used in the construction of the combustion chamber and the nozzle, and also the gas generator and some elements in the turbopumps. The combustion chamber and the nozzle are built from two layers. The internal layer is made of silica fiber and phenolic resin, and the external one is made of carbon fiber and epoxy resin. The phenolic resin reinforced with silica fiber pyrolyzes endothermally in the combustion chamber walls, releasing gases like oxygen and hydrogen, leaving a local carbon matrix. The gases spread through the carbon matrix and reach the internal surface of the wall where they meet the hot combustion gases and act as a cooling agent. Furthermore, the engine is equipped with a cooling system that injects 10 percent of the total kerosene mass onto the internal walls.

747:(referred to as the “warhead”) carrying between 200,000-2,000,000 metal pellets, chaff, and flares, all of which are “electromechanically” deployed. Following the deployment of the warhead, the enemy ICBM, IRBM, CM, HM, or other form of conventional or nuclear weapon, impacts the dome, cloud, or dome sector created by the warhead. The impact either compromises the enemy weapon’s airframe, deceives and deviates it from the target, or destroying it before reaching the target. As of May 2024, ARCA has constructed one A1 vehicle, and plans to launch it on a demonstration flight in August of 2024. ARCA has stated that the interception method was tested and/or demonstrated by the US government under the “Star Wars” program in the 1980s. 630:), also known as IAR-111, was a sea-launched suborbital rocket plane. It used the same Executor engine as Haas 2B and 2C rockets. It was to have a length of 24 m (78 ft 9 in), a wingspan of 12 m (39 ft 4 in) and a take-off mass of 19 tonnes (42,000 lb). It can carry a crew of two, a pilot and a passenger. The flight sequence consists of take-off from sea surface, horizontal flight at subsonic speed, followed by a rapid climb to an altitude of 16,000 m (52,000 ft) in approximately two minutes. As a space tourism development platform, it could reach Mach 2.6 (3,190 km/h; 1,980 mph) at 30,000 m (98,000 ft). After fuel depletion, IAR-111 was to descend in 410:

to 5,200 m altitude. On August 4, 2010, a new attempt to launch the rocket was made, but a construction error in the helium balloon caused it to rupture and the mission was aborted. A new helium balloon was manufactured designed to carry only the second stage of Helen 2 rocket. On October 1, 2010, the rocket performed a successful flight to an altitude of 38,700 m reaching a maximum velocity of 2320 km/h. Upon atmospheric reentry the rocket capsule parachute failed to deploy and the capsule was lost at sea, but the data was transmitted to the mission control center on the 281 Constanta ship and to the Romanian Air Traffic Services Administration.

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temperature was 620 °C. The main engine valves were made of 6060 type aluminum and were pneumatically powered, without adjustment. The engine injector and the liquid oxygen intake pipes were made of 304 L type steel and the kerosene intake pipe was made of composite materials. The engine had the possibility to shift the thrust by 5 degrees on two axes. The articulated system was made of composite materials and high-grade steel alloy. The engine is rotated using two hydraulic pistons that use kerosene from the pump exhaust system.

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occasionally called "onion staging"), with the outermost stage firing, then detaching and allowing the next outermost stage to ignite, and so on. The EcoRocket heavy, like the EcoRocket, will use a three-stage design, with the first two stages using steam power and the final stage using a kerosene/liquid oxygen mixture to propel itself to orbit. Each stage will consist of multiple "propulsion modules" attached together, which the CEO Popescu describes as being inspired by the now-defunct German launch company

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equipment that will be necessary to test the ExoMars spacecraft parachute during future incoming flights. The pressurized containers, carried by a cluster balloon, were launched at 7:15 AM and the ascension took 90 minutes. When the containers reached an altitude of 24.4 km (15.2 mi), they were released under a dedicated recovery parachute and landed on the sea twenty minutes later. The containers and the recovery parachute were recovered by the Navy 92 km (57 mi) from the launch point.

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balloon, approximately five times as large as their previous balloon. After the balloon began inflating, the mission crew discovered that the balloon inflation arms were wrapped around the lower part of the balloon. Inflation was halted and the crew attempted to unwrap the arms. Three hours later the arms were repositioned and inflation was ready to resume but the sun was already nearing the horizon, and heating the solar balloon was no longer possible. The decision was made to cancel the mission.

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rocket pressurised capsule to an altitude of 5,200 m (17,100 ft). The maximum distance between the carrier balloon and the command center at Sanpetru airfield was 42 km (26 mi), which corresponded with the Helen 2 rocket simulated safety zone. The balloon crew was composed of Mihai Ilie – pilot, Mugurel Ionescu – copilot, and Dumitru Popescu – ELL equipment operator. The objective of the flight was to test telemetry, command and live TV transmission for the Helen 2 rocket.

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altitude of 12,000 m (39,000 ft). After one hour and 30 minutes and having traveled 30 km (19 mi) from the launch location, STABILO landed on the sea surface and was intercepted by a Navy Saturn ship and recovered by divers. The recovery ship was guided by the satellite transmission system and by Air Force radar. The vehicle was transported to the Navy shipyard. The electronic equipment continued to transmit to the command center even 8 hours after the flight had ended.

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or additional battery pods for extended autonomy. The first prototype's maiden flight took place on February 28, 2014. It was equipped with fixed landing gear. Two more prototypes were constructed that lacked landing gear. Instead, ARCA opted for a pneumatic catapult as a launcher and landing skids and a recovery parachute for landing. Both prototypes only performed take-off and landing testing and short low-altitude flights.

501:, that was meant to replace stratospheric balloon usage for equipment testing and other near space missions. It was intended to be solar powered for extended endurance, was 7 m in length and had a 16 m wingspan with a takeoff weight of 230 kg. The aircraft first flew on February 28. ARCA announced that if the development was successful they would consider developing a commercial version available for sale to customers. 765: 1402: 647: 140: 36: 1553:

against enemy missile attacks. It was the first launch of a CER-160TR configuration, the first commercially used vehicle, and the first from the canister featuring “angled support” (the ability to change the firing angle of the system to achieve various flight trajectories). Mission 17 was successful, followed just 2 hours later by the next sequential flight, Mission 18.

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available for purchase to customers and that Las Cruces will also serve as a production center for the aircraft. On November 25 they released a website for the UAV revealing two models available for purchase, AirStrato Explorer that could reach altitudes up to 18,000 m with 20 hours endurance and AirStrato Pioneer that would be limited to 8000 m and 12 hours endurance.

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installation where they tested their hydrogen peroxide engine. After the tests were successful, they constructed Demonstrator 2B which was an improved version of their previous rocket. It had a 4.5 m (15 ft) length and 0.77 m (2 ft 6 in) diameter and used an 18 m (59 ft) high launch pad.

300:), a non-governmental organization in 1999 by a group of rocket and aeronautics enthusiasts. Their goal was to construct and launch space rockets. After experimenting with designs for different fuels and rocket engine types, including solid fuel rockets, they decided to use fiberglass for engine and tank construction and 809:

liquid fueled engines. It was to be a self contained unit including both the engine and propellant tank. It could theoretically achieve a specific impulse of 67 seconds. The LAS was proposed to be a first stage for the Haas 2CA rocket, or to serve as a strap-on booster for existing vehicles, including the

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meters. For the Haas rocket, they created a three-stage much smaller demonstrator called Helen that was intended to test technologies and operation. The Helen rocket was intentionally not aerodynamically stabilized, being intended to use a technique based on the pendulum rocket fallacy. The Romanian bank

263:. ARCASpace is currently developing several rocket systems, both orbital and suborbital, under the EcoRocket program. These vehicles include the CER rocket systems, the EcoRocket Demonstrator, Nano, 5 & Heavy, and the A1 strategic anti-ballistic interceptor. ARCA has yet to launch a vehicle above the 1552:

Mission 17 was a launch of the CER-160TR rocket from Cape Midia AFB, Romania, for the purpose of military certification. It was one of at least three flights planned for the homologation process, which will allow the Romanian military forces to use the launch system to train the anti-ballistic forces

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The Mission 15 series of EcoRocket flights will eventually lead to ARCA’s first orbital spaceflight. Mission 15 has been described as using the EcoRocket 5 vehicle, with an unknown ecological third stage. Mission 15A aims to reach the orbital altitude of 180km during a suborbital/vertical flight. 15B

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The Launch Assist System was an aerospike engine that was to use electrically heated water to produce steam, which would then generate thrust. The LAS was to reduce cost of rockets by manner of reducing the associated complexity, since steam powered rockets are far less complex than even the simplest

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The AMi Cargo vehicle is the vehicle designed to support ARCA's asteroid mining operations, and as the primary payload for the EcoRocket Heavy. The AMi Cargo vehicle will approach an asteroid, and then release the battery-powered Recovery Capsule (which, in the first iteration, appeared to be derived

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to use the traditional IAR designation for military and civilian aircraft constructed since 1925. The aircraft was intended to fly to an altitude of 17.000 m and launch a heavily modified version of the Haas rocket, named Haas 2. Haas 2 was an air-launched three-stage orbital rocket intended to place

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On September 9, 2004, ARCA successfully launched the Demonstrator 2B rocket from Cape Midia Air Force Base. Because of powerful wind gusts up to 60 km/h (37 mph), they were forced to use only 20 percent of the intended fuel quantity in order to keep with the allocated safety zone by the Air

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Helen was a demonstrator rocket for the Haas balloon-launched orbital rocket. It was intended to test in flight the avionics and gravitational stabilization method proposed for the much larger Haas rocket. Helen was intended to reach an altitude of 80 km (50 mi). Two versions were created,

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disks on the main pipes, between the tanks and the engine. The second stage was pressurized at 2 atm (200 kPa) at lift-off and after the first stage burn-out, the second stage would be pressurized at 16 atm. At that pressure the disks would burst and the fuel would flow through the engine.

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Venator was a liquid-fueled pressure-fed rocket engine that will be used to power the second stage of the Haas 2C rocket. It burned liquid oxygen and kerosene and had a maximum thrust of 2.5 tonnes-force (25 kN; 5,500 lbf). The engine had no valves on the main pipes. Instead, it used burst

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EDM lander module. It has the same weight and parachute deployment systems present on the ESA module. The DTV is intended to be lifted to an altitude of 24 km by a stratospheric helium balloon. From that height, it will fall freely reaching a dynamic pressure similar to that encountered by the

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that was being developed by ARCA. There were two variants planned, the AirStrato Explorer with a target flight ceiling of 18,000 m and AirStrato Pioneer with a target flight ceiling of 8000 m. It was supposed to carry a 45 kg payload consisting of surveillance equipment, scientific instruments,

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variant capable of placing a 50 kg (110 lb) payload into orbit and a two-stage variant capable of lifting a 400 kg (880 lb) payload into orbit. After testing the extremely lightweight composite tank, ARCA designed a single stage 18 m (59 ft 1 in) long rocket with a

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for the main chamber and nozzle where the outer layers of the composite material vaporize in contact with the high temperature exhaust mixture and prevent overheating. ARCA also presented a long-term space program, until 2025, that besides IAR-111 envisioned a small scale orbital rocket (Haas 2C), a

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ARCA decided to redesign the Helen rocket to use two stages and a helium balloon instead. They named the rocket Helen 2. On April 27, 2010, they performed an avionics test for the European Lunar Lander payload to be lifted by the Helen 2 rocket, using a hot air balloon that lifted three ARCA members

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rocket engine for landing and hovering. Haas was a three-stage orbital rocket powered by hybrid engines using a bitumen-based fuel and hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer. It was supposed to be launched from 18,000 m carried by the largest solar balloon ever constructed, having a volume of 2 million cubic

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Mission 5 was carried out in partnership with the Romanian Air Club and the Romanian Aeronautic Federation. It took place before the Helen 2 rocket launch. The flight took place on April 27, 2010, between 07:45 and 08:45 AM, taking off from Hogiz, Brasov. A manned hot air balloon lifted the Helen 2

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On October 17, 2014, ARCA announced that it had transferred its headquarters to the United States to Las Cruces, New Mexico. In a press release they announced that in Romania activities related to software and rocket engine development will continue. They also announced that Air Strato UAV would be

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After criticism from the Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) intensified in printed media and television, ARCA decided to send a public letter to the Romanian Prime Minister to intervene in this matter. ARCA mentioned that the Romanian Space Agency is in no position to criticize after the failure of their

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awarded ARCA a 300,000 euro sponsorship for their activities. Romanian cosmonaut Dumitru Prunariu highly praised ARCA's achievements and noted their ability to efficiently utilize private funds. In 2009 ARCA performed a series of engine tests using the Stabilo rocket engine in order to validate the

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Mission 12 tested the new design and landing technique for the AMi capsule in October 2023. Since the capsule’s full scale diameter is ~7 meters, ARCA constructed a subscale vehicle for the test. The demonstrator was carried to an altitude of ~600m by a manned hot air balloon and was released. The

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Mission 3 took place on November 14, 2009, on the Black Sea. Romanian Naval Forces participated in the mission with one logistical ship, one diver's ship and another fast craft. For this mission, ARCA constructed the largest stratospheric helium balloon to date. An error in construction caused the

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The AMi Cargo vehicle will use a new propulsion system, described by ARCA as "electric-arc propulsion." The reaction mass will be water, and the impulse will be provided electrically using electricity from large solar arrays. Beyond this, not much is known about the nature of this system, however,

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Mission 13 was a launch of the LAS-1 rocket from an ARCA-built water tower, to validate and assess the performance of the engine’s start and thrust while submerged. This will be the case for the EcoRocket Demonstrator, 5, and Heavy’s sea launch procedure. In March 2023, following some delays, the

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WP3 was a validation test flight for the ExoMars Program High Altitude Drop Test (HADT), carried out in cooperation with the European Space Agency. The launch took place from the Black Sea coast on September 16, 2013, and the hardware comprised three pressurized containers containing the avionics

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Mission 1 took place on December 2, 2006, when a solar balloon carried the STABILO system capsule to an altitude of 14,700 m (48,200 ft). The altitude was slightly lower than intended because of extreme turbulence encountered during the last stage of the flight. In light of this, it was

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The Executor was a liquid-fueled rocket engine intended to power the IAR-111 Excelsior supersonic plane and Haas 2B and 2C rockets. Executor was an open cycle gas generator rocket engine, that uses liquid oxygen and kerosene and has a maximum thrust of 24 tons force. ARCA decided to use composite

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While the organization’s main focus remains on the development of the EcoRocket orbital launchers, they have begun work on several other systems, in order to generate technical data and revenue for the AMi program’s hardware. The Commercial EcoRocket, or CER, is a series of 10 suborbital rockets,

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The EcoRocket Heavy is a planned variant of EcoRocket, designed to support ARCA's AMi asteroid mining initiative. The EcoRocket heavy will be a three-stage launch vehicle derived from EcoRocket's technology. The stages will be arranged concentrically around the payload in the center (in a layout

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In 2022, ARCA announced the AMi Exploration Initiative, effectively pivoting its business model away from the commercial launch sector and towards cryptocurrency and asteroid mining. The AMi program will utilize the AMi Cargo vehicle and EcoRocket Heavy to mine valuable materials from asteroids.

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Haas 2B was to be a single-stage suborbital rocket intended for space tourism. It was designed to transport a crew capsule and service module into a suborbital trajectory. The crew capsule and service module would have been the same as the ones used for the larger multi-stage Super Haas orbital

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The Haas rocket family was to be a series of rockets of various sizes and configurations intended to replace the initial Haas balloon-launched rocket. After the difficulties encountered with balloon operation in Mission 3 and Mission 4, ARCA decided to redesign the rocket to be ground-launched.

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The first attempt to launch the Helen rocket took place on November 14, 2009. Romanian Naval Forces participated with the NSSL 281 Constanta ship, the Venus divers ship, the Fulgerul fast boat and two other fast craft boats. For this mission, ARCA constructed a massive 150,000 cubic meter solar

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For Mission 4 ARCAspace decided to use a helium balloon instead and to redesign the Helen rocket. The new version, named Helen 2, was prepared for flight on August 4, 2010. When balloon inflation was initiated, the balloon ruptured because of a construction error and the mission was cancelled.

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Mission 2 of STABILO 1B was launched on 27 September 2007 from Cape Midia Air Force Base. The Romanian Air Force participated with two radar stations. Civil Aviation and the Romanian Navy also participated, the latter with one naval diver's ship. The first and second vehicle stages reached an

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The pump volutes were made of 6062 type aluminum alloy. The pump rotors are made through lathing and milling using 304 type steel. The supersonic turbine was made of refractory steel, both the core and the blades. The turbine rotation speed was 20,000 rpm and has a 1.5 MW power. The intake gas

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The A1 is a strategic anti-ballistic interceptor system, based on the EcoRocket technology, announced in December of 2023. The commercially available vehicle comes in two versions; the A1A & A1B. The basic premise and interception method of the vehicle consists of a 6-10 metric ton device

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suborbital vehicle capable of carrying a crew of two up to an altitude of 100 km (62 mi). Orizont was to be ARCA's competing vehicle for the Ansari X Prize. It was designed to use a disposable jet engine up to an altitude of 15 km (9.3 mi) and then ignite its main hydrogen

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Mission 16 was performed with the CER program’s RTV vehicle, a payload launched by a CER rocket in order to simulate an enemy attack and to train anti-ballistic forces. It was performed minutes before Mission 12, as both vehicles were carried by the same manned hot air balloon. The drop test

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After the difficulties encountered with the stratospheric balloons, ARCA decided to change their approach to orbital launch for the Google Lunar X Prize. They designed a supersonic rocket plane powered by a liquid-fueled rocket engine using kerosene as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidizer. The

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by the Romanian engineer and entrepreneur Dumitru Popescu and other rocket and aeronautics enthusiasts. Since then, ARCA has launched two stratospheric rockets and four large-scale stratospheric balloons including a cluster balloon. It was awarded two governmental contracts with the Romanian

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The flight had been planned since August 2006, when another large solar balloon was launched at low altitude in controlled flight. During this time a specially designed parachute was tested. It was the first stratospheric flight performed by ARCA, and the event was transmitted live; over 20

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and was a 10 metres (33 ft) long, unguided, self-stabilized rocket. It never flew, instead it was used in various public exhibitions to attract funds and sponsorships. Their second rocket, Demonstrator 2, was constructed in 2003. For this, ARCA created their first rocket engine testing

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A new attempt was made on October 1, 2010, by using only the final stage of the Helen 2 rocket and a smaller helium balloon. The flight, named Mission 4B, was successful, Helen 2 launching at an altitude of 14,000 m (46,000 ft) and the rocket reaching an altitude of 38.7 km

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The EcoRocket Demonstrator (formerly just EcoRocket) is a partially-reusable three-stage orbital launch vehicle currently under development. The EcoRocket Demonstrator had been slated to launch in 2022, however, no launch took place that year. The vehicle's reusable first stage will use a

1491:. This mission has apparently been scrapped, however, ARCA completed a short, low-altitude flight of the EcoRocket Demonstrator's second stage in the fall of 2021 with no landing attempt to test the RCS systems aboard the rocket. The stage was attached to an umbilical during the flight. 851:

The UPM is slightly different than the regular PM, in the ways it is employed. The UPM is derived from the PM and serves to the creation of the CER1200/TR/RTV/MIRTV, the A1 anti-ballistic interceptor, and other civilian rockets. It is the most powerful engine developed by ARCA.

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The Propulsion Module (PM) is the specific rocket engine used by the first and second stages of the EcoRocket Heavy. Its propellant is water, which is heated and exits the nozzle as steam. The engine has a thrust of ~30 tons, using nearly 500 modules for the first two stages.

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Mission 11 was the first mission under the new Commercial EcoRocket (CER) program. The test validated the canister exist sequence of the CER-160TR artillery target rocket, in a similar manner to the silo exit of a missile or interceptor. The test took place in November 2023.

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On 27 September 2007, the entire Stabilo rocket (crew capsule + rocket booster) was lifted to an altitude of 12,000 m using the largest solar balloon constructed until that date. The mission was launched from Cape Midia Air Force Base, and the rocket was recovered from the

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a three-stage rocket that had cylindrical tanks and used hydrogen peroxide as monopropellant fuel, and a two-stage spherical tank rocket that used the same propulsion type. The rocket used a physically flawed stabilization technique based on the pendulum rocket fallacy.

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to propel a payload of up to 10 kilograms into orbit. The rocket takes its name from the claimed ecological benefits of not burning as much kerosene (despite using kerosene to achieve most of orbital velocity). The EcoRocket will launch partially submerged in the

725:. The vehicle will be thirty meters in diameter, and, like the EcoRocket Demonstrator, will launch from the ocean, and be partially reusable, recovering the first two stages. The EcoRocket Heavy abandons aerospike engines, using only traditional rocket nozzles. 334: 488:

On September 16, 2013, ARCA performed the first successful flight in the ExoMars program, lifting three pressurised avionics containers over the Black Sea to an altitude of 24,400 m. In November, the concrete test stand for the Executor engine was completed.

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Force. The altitude reached was 1,200 m (3,900 ft). 90 journalists from Romania, Germany, and Austria were present at the launch. After the launch, ARCA started construction of the Orizont spaceplane and completed the aircraft structure by 2005.

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balloon's inflation arms to wrap around the base of the balloon when it was inflated. The team managed to unwrap the arms and resume inflation but sunset was approaching and the solar balloon could no longer be used. The mission was cancelled.

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in Bucharest. Because of financial problems encountered with the construction of Orizont, ARCA decided to suspend its development and instead design a new, much smaller rocket called Stabilo. It was designed to be launched from a stratospheric

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helicopter belonging to the Special Aviation Unit dropped the capsule from an altitude of 700 m over the Black Sea. The emergency parachute deployed successfully and the capsule was recovered from the sea surface by the Romanian Coast Guard.

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Haas 2CA was to be a rocket designed to be able to launch 100 kg into a low-Earth orbit, at a price of US$ 1 million per launch. The first flight was intended to launch from Wallops Flight Facility in 2018. The rocket was designed as a

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In 2012 ARCA decided to focus on the construction of the rocket engine of the IAR-111 aircraft. The engine, named Executor, is made of composite materials, has a thrust of 24 tons force (52,000 lbf) and is turbopump fueled. It uses

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suborbital crewed rocket (Haas 2B) and a medium scale crewed orbital rocket (Super Haas). In March 2012, ARCA tested an extremely lightweight composite materials kerosene tank that is intended to be used for the Haas 2C rocket.

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In June 2012 ARCA presented their Haas 2C rocket in Victoria Square in Bucharest, in front of the Romanian Government palace. The same year ARCA won a $ 1,200,000 contract with the European Space Agency to participate in the

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rocket. At the NASA DC-X conference in Alamogordo, New Mexico in August 2013 ARCA presented an updated version of the Haas 2B rocket with a capsule capable of carrying a crew of five into space. There were discussions with

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The IAR-111 capsule was flight tested during Mission 6. The mission took place in cooperation with the Special Aviation Unit and the Coast Guard, belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration.

591:, in front of the Romanian Government building. The second stage version was to be powered by the Executor engine for the lower stage, and the upper stage use a smaller engine adapted for vacuum, named Venator. 1478:

The objectives were flight testing the avionics and communication systems, demonstrating the container sealing after sea landing and the capability to identify and recover the equipment from the sea surface.

1466:. At that altitude, the helicopter released the capsule. The parachute deployed, and the capsule landed on the sea surface. It was recovered by the same helicopter with the help of the Romanian Coast Guard. 1461:

Mission 6 tested the recovery system for the IAR-111 supersonic plane crew capsule. On September 26, 2011, a Mi-17 helicopter from Special Aviation Unit lifted the capsule to 700 m (2,300 ft)

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to propel a small second stage to an altitude of 7 kilometers. The second stage will then proceed to a higher altitude to deploy a smaller third stage, carrying the payload. The third stage utilizes

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In November 2017, CEO Dimitru Popescu was arrested and charged with 12 counts of fraud. As a result, he left the country and reestablished operations in Romania. The charges were later dropped.

358:, Bacau, the crew capsule of Stabilo rocket was lifted to an altitude of 14,700 m. The capsule was safely recovered that evening. The event was transmitted live on several Romanian TV stations. 1981: 2032: 439:

By 2011 all the fiberglass molds for the aircraft were finished and one-third of the aircraft structure was completed. The crew capsule escape system was tested on September 26, 2011, when a

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total weight of 510 kg (1,120 lb), having a thrust-to-weight ratio of 26:1 and a 50 kg (110 lb) payload. The company displayed the rocket in Victoria Square in

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ExoMars EDM at entry into the Mars atmosphere. At that dynamic pressure the parachute will deploy and the module will land on the Black Sea surface and will be recovered by the

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vehicle took roughly 15 seconds to impact the ground, where the parachute-less, high-velocity landing method was validated by the acceptable damage the vehicle sustained.

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On July 13, 2015 ARCA announced the beginning of activities in New Mexico, including production and flight tests of AirStrato UAS and Haas rockets, investing

2723: 825:. The EcoRocket Demonstrator and Heavy will use a reworked version of this system with two nozzles (one for launch, and one for landing) called the LAS 25D. 481:

program. Named the High Altitude Drop Test, the contract consisted of a series of stratospheric balloon drop tests to verify the structural integrity of the

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divers. At this moment ARCA proved its ability to conduct large-scale operations and to coordinate military institutions like the Romanian Navy and the

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In 2020, tests of the steam-powered aerospike continued and ARCA announced a new launch vehicle, the EcoRocket, derived from the LAS technology.

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Mission 9 was to be a short vertical hop of the EcoRocket's first stage, testing the booster landing system in much the same manner as SpaceX's

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Although heavier and more expensive, ground-launched rockets are more reliable, easier to operate and can carry heavier payloads into orbit.

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and land on the sea surface. In case of emergency, the crew capsule was to be detachable and equipped with two rocket-propelled parachutes.

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collected data on the vehicle’s stability and flight parameters at low speeds and altitudes, without using the spin stabilization system.

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ARCA has constructed a drop test vehicle for the European Space Agency intended to test the atmospheric deceleration parachutes for the

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blockchain. Since then, it appears ARCA is shifting its main focus away from AMi, and towards the CER/military-related programs.

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In early 2019, ARCA announced the development of the steam-powered Launch Assist System and began testing the aerospike engine.

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Haas 2C was to be an orbital rocket intended for commercial payload launches. There were two planned variants of the rocket, a

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Beginning in the late 2020s, the company plans to start a series of asteroid mining missions to return valuable metals (mostly

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In 2021, the EcoRocket design was altered slightly to a three-stage vehicle as tests of the steam-powered aerospike continued.

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In 2007 ARCA won two governmental contracts with the Research Ministry for a suborbital rocket and a solar balloon. The

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competition and designed the Haas orbital launcher. Their lunar rover was named European Lunar Lander and used a

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ROMÂNII testează o dronă cu performanțe ULUITOARE. Vezi ce poate face Air Strato - ultima creație a ARCA

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rocket. Furthermore, ARCA was privately funded compared with ROSA which uses public funding.

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peroxide rocket engine in order to propel it to the 100 km (62 mi) altitude.

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Prunariu about the first Romanian rocket in space: "An original and feasible project"

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Helium balloon inflation on 281 Constanta warship belonging to Romanian Naval Forces

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a 200 kg payload into orbit. Work on the plane structure began in late 2010.

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ARCA organized a public presentation of their Orizont spaceplane in front of the

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intends to place the company’s first satellite into orbit. Timeline is unknown.

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and other Romanian institutions were subcontractors to ARCA for these projects.

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On February 10 ARCA presented a high-altitude uncrewed aerial vehicle, named

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Mission 10 will be the first orbital flight of the EcoRocket Demonstrator.

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Cosmic warfare: ARCA responds to the attacks from the Romanian Space Agency

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Romanians are testing an unmanned aerial vehicle with amazing performances

2150:

Romanians are testing an unmanned aerial vehicle with amazing performances

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ARCA announced that the Executor engine had a thrust/mass ratio of 110.

350:

and carry one person into space. Design and construction of large scale

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DC-X Reunion: ARCA in Talks to Bring HAAS 2 Rocket to Spaceport America

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Helen, the first Romanian rocket at 40,000 m: "We needed a success"

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2011–2013: IAR-111 aircraft, Executor engine and Haas rocket family

4276: 2624:"Yes, OTRAG Influenced the EcoRocket Heavy Design — AMi, Part XXI" 1400: 763: 722: 645: 467: 417: 332: 279: 4531:Întreprinderea Forestieră pentru Industrializarea Lemnului (IFIL) 3687: 3049: 696: 4318: 4006: 3691: 3053: 2197:"AirStrato air – robot to start the flight tests in New Mexico" 2128:

First ARCA flight in the ExoMars Program completed successfully

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representatives to operate the Haas 2B rocket from New Mexico.

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ARCA intends it to be capable of running for days on end.

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2020–Present: EcoRocket, AMi, and Pivot to Asteroid Mining

246:, Romania. It builds rockets, high-altitude balloons, and 3015: 1761:

The largest solar balloon in the world launched at Onesti

2090:

Haas 2C rocket presented in Victoria Square in Bucharest

1983:

E-111: The first Romanian supersonic plane built by ARCA

2979:"EcoRocket: Episode 15 - Reaction Control System Tests" 2586: 2584: 216: 3045:

National Plan for Research Development and Innovation

2202:(Press release). ARCA Space Corporation. 13 July 2015 485:

parachutes used in Martian atmospheric deceleration.

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international competition and started design for the

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The best kerosene composite rocket tank in the world

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Asociația Română pentru Cosmonautică și Aeronautică

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Asociația Română pentru Cosmonautică și Aeronautică

211: 201: 185: 167: 156: 146: 2106:ARCA involved in testing for ESA's ExoMars program 1004:Lunar Project (Helen 2 Test Rocket – single stage) 2821: 2819: 2027: 2025: 1073:Equipment test (Propulsion and data transmission) 290:Romanian Cosmonautics and Aeronautics Association 228:Romanian Cosmonautics and Aeronautics Association 2793: 2791: 2176:ARCA relocates its activity to the United States 2009:Find everything about the Romanian Space Program 1858: 1856: 1526:LAS-1 was launched and the test was successful. 4541:Întreprinderea de construcții aeronautice (ICA) 4526:Uzinele de Reparatii Material Volant-3 (URMV-3) 660:AirStrato was an electric powered medium-sized 4536:Combinatul de industrializare a lemnului (CIL) 2593:"🟢 #LaunchGreen - Mission10 - Teaser Trailer" 4330: 4018: 3703: 3065: 1935: 1933: 1907: 1905: 427:aircraft, initially named E-111, was renamed 354:balloons started and on December 2, 2006, at 8: 493:2014–2019: AirStrato to Launch Assist System 472:Haas 2C rocket in Victoria Square, Bucharest 132: 2246:"Criminal Charges against ARCA CEO dropped" 4493:Societatea Pentru Exploatări Tehnice (SET) 4337: 4323: 4315: 4025: 4011: 4003: 3710: 3696: 3688: 3534: 3420: 3091: 3072: 3058: 3050: 1787:Rocket successfully launched at Cape Midia 138: 131: 27:Aerospace company headquartered in Romania 1410:decided not to risk damaging the system. 1036:Carrier balloon + Stage 1 (Helen 2) + ELL 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 3028:Latest ARCA Space, Space Fellowship news 2537:], Jurnalul National, archived from 1096:ExoMars HADT avionics qualification test 859: 304:as fuel. Their first vehicle was named 4498:Societatea de transport Constanța (STC) 1600: 622:Romanian Aeronautical Industry Brașov ( 2753:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2746: 1191:First orbital flight test of EcoRocket 337:Artist rendition of the Stabilo rocket 56:Please improve this article by adding 2977:Popescu, Dimitru (17 November 2021). 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 1059:IAR-111 cabin (dropped by helicopter) 276:1999–2004: Demonstrator rocket family 259:government and one contract with the 7: 3177:Association of Autonomous Astronauts 990:Carrier balloon + Helen 2 (2 stages) 431:after ARCA received permission from 329:2005–2010: Stabilo and Helen rockets 312:In 2003 ARCA also signed up for the 3033:Google Lunar X Prize official site 2153:, Jurnalul National, archived from 2063:, Jurnalul National, archived from 1764:, Curierul National, archived from 1608:https://www.facebook.com/arcaspace/ 1027:Avionics & TV transmission test 1013:Carrier balloon + Helen 2 (1 stage) 981:Lunar Project (Helen 2 Test Rocket) 628:Industria Aeronautica Romana Brașov 242:, is an aerospace company based in 4488:Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR) 2647:Morrison, Patrick (20 July 2022). 967:Carrier balloon + Helen (3 stages) 25: 4592:Science and technology in Romania 4450:Rezerva generală a aviației (RGA) 3187:Commercial Spaceflight Federation 2323:from the original on 21 July 2022 2305:Popescu, Dimitru (18 July 2022). 2221:Gibbs, Jason (13 November 2020). 1246:Subscale AMi capsule demonstrator 1214:Launch sequence test of CER-160TR 958:Lunar Project (Helen Test Rocket) 650:Air Strato electrical powered UAV 642:AirStrato unmanned aerial vehicle 3272: 1986:, Romania Libera, archived from 1563: 34: 2622:Popescu, Dumitru (2023-06-07). 2603:from the original on 2021-12-19 2377:, Parabolic Arc, 17 August 2013 2279:from the original on 2021-12-19 1082:Payload with undisclosed rocket 944:Carrier balloon + Complete ship 3992:— indicates winning team 388:In early 2008 ARCA joined the 250:. It was founded in 1999 as a 1: 4597:Private spaceflight companies 3916:Black Sky: The Race For Space 2569:"Future of Rockets - Keynote" 2307:"AMi Exploration White Paper" 2244:Soular, Diana (16 May 2018). 708:, in a similar manner to the 402:design for the Helen rocket. 399:BRD – Groupe Société Générale 252:non-governmental organization 58:secondary or tertiary sources 3016:Ansari X Prize official site 2770:"Future of Rockets: Keynote" 2037:, Realitatea, archived from 1352:Military homologation flight 1329:Military homologation flight 921:Carrier balloon + Crew cabin 4345:Romanian aerospace industry 3785:Space Transport Corporation 3408:Space elevator competitions 847:Universal Propulsion Module 173:; 25 years ago 4623: 4213:Rocket City Space Pioneers 4200:Penn State Lunar Lion Team 3350:Commercialization of space 2499:"IAR 111 Excelsior – ARCA" 2179:, HotNews, 28 October 2014 1808:"Teams shoot for the Moon" 1414:journalists were present. 776: 653: 615: 553: 284:Orizont suborbital vehicle 3987: 3801:Mojave Aerospace Ventures 3779:Mojave Aerospace Ventures 3725: 3270: 3197:Space Frontier Foundation 3142:Sierra Nevada Corporation 3122:Mojave Aerospace Ventures 461:recently launched with a 137: 3182:Astronaute Club Européen 1650:"DEMONSTRATOR 2B – ARCA" 1223:EcoRocket Nano/CER-160TR 779:Executor (rocket engine) 343:Palace of the Parliament 288:ARCA was established as 248:unmanned aerial vehicles 4424:George Valentin Bibescu 3923:How to Make a Spaceship 1375:Interceptor flight test 768:Executor rocket engine. 662:unmanned aerial vehicle 604:(SSTO) and featured an 383:University of Bucharest 4471:Astra Aircraft Factory 4392:Ioan Nicolae Romanescu 4259:(Part-Time Scientists) 3753:ARCA Space Corporation 3192:Copenhagen Suborbitals 2269:"LAS, Electric Rocket" 1406: 1283:EcoRocket space launch 1260:Underwater engine test 1168:VTOL test of EcoRocket 1050:Cabin drop safety test 898:Ground-launched rocket 769: 686:EcoRocket Demonstrator 651: 627: 473: 423: 422:Executor rocket engine 338: 297: 285: 235: 45:relies excessively on 4476:Fabrica Frații Schiel 3945:The Spaceship Company 3662:Axiom Orbital Segment 3486:Christopher Sembroski 3393:America's Space Prize 3375:Suborbital spaceplane 3202:Space Tourism Society 3157:The Spaceship Company 2828:"EcoRocket Episode 3" 2248:. Las Cruces Sun News 2225:. Las Cruces Sun News 1584:Romanian Space Agency 1404: 1237:AMi capsule drop test 1145:Suborbital plane test 767: 680:Romanian Naval Forces 669:ESA Drop Test Vehicle 649: 602:Single-stage-to-orbit 584:single stage to orbit 471: 421: 379:Romanian Space Agency 336: 283: 261:European Space Agency 4602:Google Lunar X Prize 4466:Arsenalul Aeronautic 4195:Part-Time Scientists 4034:Google Lunar X Prize 3979:Rocket Racing League 3773:Interorbital Systems 3403:Google Lunar X Prize 3254:Space Island Project 3252:Space Island Group ( 3228:Golden Spike Company 3127:Orbital Technologies 2509:on 28 September 2013 1818:on February 25, 2013 1464:above mean sea level 872:Altitude/destination 751:Commercial EcoRocket 612:IAR-111 rocket plane 390:Google Lunar X Prize 4419:Ștefan Protopopescu 4147:Barcelona Moon Team 3758:Bristol Spaceplanes 3748:Armadillo Aerospace 3667:Tourism on the Moon 3218:Armadillo Aerospace 1970:, Evenimentul Zilei 1427:Mission 3, 4 and 4B 1105:Pressurized gondola 163:and Asteroid Mining 134: 4070:X Prize Foundation 3731:X Prize Foundation 3385:Space competitions 3355:Space colonization 3038:2007-09-16 at the 3021:2008-05-17 at the 2826:Popescu, Dimitru. 2768:Popescu, Dimitru. 2591:Popescu, Dimitru. 2267:Popescu, Dimitru. 1407: 1292:EcoRocket 5 + Nano 1160:Program cancelled 1137:Program cancelled 875:Ship configuration 770: 701:high test peroxide 652: 550:Haas rocket family 474: 424: 372:Romanian Air Force 339: 286: 4574: 4573: 4445:Cerchez & Co. 4407:Scarlat Rădulescu 4312: 4311: 4000: 3999: 3806:Scaled Composites 3685: 3684: 3650: 3649: 3575:Blue Origin NS-22 3570:Blue Origin NS-21 3565:Blue Origin NS-20 3560:Blue Origin NS-19 3555:Blue Origin NS-18 3550:Blue Origin NS-16 3524: 3523: 3436:Mark Shuttleworth 3268: 3267: 3107:Bigelow Aerospace 2503:www.arcaspace.com 2399:www.arcaspace.com 2395:"Haas 2CA – ARCA" 2347:www.arcaspace.com 1874:on 12 August 2017 1868:www.arcaspace.com 1740:on 12 August 2017 1734:www.arcaspace.com 1660:on 21 August 2017 1654:www.arcaspace.com 1624:www.arcaspace.com 1394: 1393: 838:Propulsion Module 572:Spaceport America 302:hydrogen peroxide 238:), also known as 225: 224: 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 4614: 4506: 4484: 4415: 4388: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4316: 4151:C-Base Open Moon 4027: 4020: 4013: 4004: 3955:White Knight Two 3854:White Knight One 3768:da Vinci Project 3712: 3705: 3698: 3689: 3535: 3481:Hayley Arceneaux 3456:Richard Garriott 3421: 3365:Space settlement 3276: 3248:RocketShip Tours 3147:Space Adventures 3092: 3074: 3067: 3060: 3051: 3012: 3011: 3009:Official website 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2955:. 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Archived from 1620:"Demonstrator 1" 1616: 1610: 1605: 1573: 1571:Companies portal 1568: 1567: 1566: 860: 829:AMi Cargo System 691:battery-powered 606:Aerospike engine 511: 450:ablative cooling 221: 218: 181: 179: 174: 142: 135: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4570: 4556:Avioane Craiova 4514: 4500: 4478: 4454: 4433: 4409: 4382: 4375:Rodrig Goliescu 4346: 4343: 4313: 4308: 4245: 4183:Next Giant Leap 4122:Withdrawn teams 4117: 4081: 4075:Peter Diamandis 4036: 4031: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3983: 3940:Virgin Galactic 3928: 3903: 3899:Peter Diamandis 3894:Anousheh Ansari 3877: 3789: 3736: 3735: 3721: 3716: 3686: 3681: 3672:Tourism on Mars 3646: 3630: 3614: 3530: 3520: 3451:Charles Simonyi 3446:Anousheh Ansari 3412: 3379: 3343:Living in space 3338: 3277: 3264: 3206: 3162:Virgin Galactic 3083: 3078: 3040:Wayback Machine 3023:Wayback Machine 3007: 3006: 3003: 2998: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2912: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2887: 2885: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2862: 2860: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2808: 2806: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2745: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2724:"Archived copy" 2722: 2721: 2717: 2708: 2706: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2681: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2632: 2630: 2628:AMi Exploration 2621: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2590: 2589: 2582: 2567: 2564:Wayback Machine 2557: 2553: 2544: 2542: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2449:on 17 July 2013 2437: 2436: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2405:on 17 July 2013 2393: 2392: 2388: 2380: 2378: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2353:on 5 April 2017 2341: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2314:AMi Exploration 2309: 2304: 2303: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2182: 2180: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2160: 2158: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2134: 2132: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2112: 2110: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2087: 2086: 2079: 2070: 2068: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2044: 2042: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2015: 2013: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1991: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1950: 1948: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1922: 1920: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1877: 1875: 1862: 1861: 1854: 1845: 1843: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1821: 1819: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1793: 1791: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1769: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1714: 1712: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1689: 1687: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1663: 1661: 1648: 1647: 1643: 1633: 1631: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1550: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1505: 1497: 1485: 1472: 1459: 1450: 1429: 1420: 1399: 1384:A1A interceptor 889:Demonstrator 2B 858: 849: 840: 831: 806: 797: 781: 775: 762: 753: 744: 731: 718: 716:EcoRocket Heavy 688: 671: 658: 644: 620: 614: 597: 580: 567: 558: 552: 547: 524: 510:US$ 1.2 million 509: 495: 433:IAR S.A. Brasov 416: 331: 278: 273: 215: 207:Dumitru Popescu 204: 197: 193: 177: 175: 172: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 55: 51:primary sources 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4620: 4618: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4587:Space advocacy 4579: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4429:Mihail Cerchez 4426: 4421: 4416: 4404: 4399: 4397:Grigore Brișcu 4394: 4389: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4356: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4319: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4298: 4297:(Synergy Moon) 4292: 4286: 4280: 4279:(Moon Express) 4274: 4268: 4260: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236:Team Phoenicia 4234: 4231: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4165:Independence-X 4162: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4089: 4087: 4086:Finalist teams 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4067: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4007: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3974:XCOR EZ Rocket 3971: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3947: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3919: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3826: 3825: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3763:Canadian Arrow 3760: 3755: 3750: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3719:Ansari X Prize 3717: 3715: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3692: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3491:Yusaku Maezawa 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3471:Jared Isaacman 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3427: 3425: 3418: 3417:Space tourists 3414: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3398:Ansari X Prize 3395: 3389: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3360:Space medicine 3357: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3260:XCOR Aerospace 3257: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3223:Canadian Arrow 3220: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3117:Airbus D&S 3114: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3096: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3069: 3062: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3030: 3025: 3013: 3002: 3001:External links 2999: 2996: 2995: 2969: 2944: 2919: 2894: 2869: 2844: 2815: 2787: 2760: 2715: 2690: 2665: 2639: 2614: 2580: 2551: 2520: 2490: 2479:on 30 May 2018 2460: 2430: 2416: 2386: 2364: 2334: 2290: 2259: 2236: 2213: 2188: 2166: 2140: 2118: 2096: 2077: 2050: 2021: 1999: 1973: 1957: 1929: 1901: 1885: 1864:"Helen – ARCA" 1852: 1827: 1799: 1777: 1751: 1721: 1705:"Arca_Orizont" 1696: 1680:"Demonstrator" 1671: 1641: 1611: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1575: 1574: 1558: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1484: 1481: 1471: 1468: 1458: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1428: 1425: 1419: 1416: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 998: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 975: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 952: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 929: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 906: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 883: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 867: 864: 857: 854: 848: 845: 839: 836: 830: 827: 805: 802: 796: 793: 777:Main article: 774: 771: 761: 760:Rocket engines 758: 752: 749: 743: 742:A1 Interceptor 740: 730: 727: 717: 714: 687: 684: 670: 667: 654:Main article: 643: 640: 632:gliding flight 616:Main article: 613: 610: 596: 593: 579: 576: 566: 563: 554:Main article: 551: 548: 546: 543: 523: 520: 494: 491: 415: 412: 394:monopropellant 330: 327: 314:Ansari X Prize 277: 274: 272: 269: 244:Râmnicu Vâlcea 223: 222: 213: 209: 208: 205: 202: 199: 198: 195: 191:Râmnicu Vâlcea 189: 187: 183: 182: 169: 165: 164: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4619: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4402:Horia Hulubei 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4180:Mystical Moon 4179: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4053:Sundar Pichai 4051: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4005: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3869:Peter Siebold 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529:Space tourism 3527: 3517: 3516:John Shoffner 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3466:Oliver Daemen 3464: 3462: 3461:Guy Laliberté 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3441:Gregory Olsen 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3370:Space station 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3322:SpaceShip III 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3088:Organizations 3086: 3082: 3081:Space tourism 3075: 3070: 3068: 3063: 3061: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2970: 2959:on 2014-08-22 2958: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2934:on 2014-08-24 2933: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2909:on 2014-05-19 2908: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2884:on 2014-08-22 2883: 2879: 2873: 2870: 2859:on 2014-08-24 2858: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2805:on 2014-10-09 2804: 2800: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2750: 2736:on 2020-11-29 2732: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2705:on 2014-10-09 2704: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2680:on 2014-10-09 2679: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2640: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2615: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2541:on 2014-12-05 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2376: 2375: 2368: 2365: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2263: 2260: 2247: 2240: 2237: 2224: 2217: 2214: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2178: 2177: 2170: 2167: 2157:on 2014-03-10 2156: 2152: 2151: 2144: 2141: 2130: 2129: 2122: 2119: 2108: 2107: 2100: 2097: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2067:on 2014-12-13 2066: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2051: 2041:on 2013-10-18 2040: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2011: 2010: 2003: 2000: 1990:on 2014-01-07 1989: 1985: 1984: 1977: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1961: 1958: 1947:on 2014-03-04 1946: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1919:on 2014-08-24 1918: 1914: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1889: 1886: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1842:on 2014-03-31 1841: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1789: 1788: 1781: 1778: 1768:on 2014-12-06 1767: 1763: 1762: 1755: 1752: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1711:on 2009-11-17 1710: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1686:on 2014-03-04 1685: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1604: 1601: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1547: 1545: 1538: 1536: 1529: 1527: 1520: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1502: 1500: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1456: 1454: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1426: 1424: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1396: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1306:RTV drop test 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1117:CubeMessenger 1115: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1079:Stratospheric 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 999: 996:Unsuccessful 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 977: 976: 973:Unsuccessful 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 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170: 166: 162: 159: 155: 152: 149: 145: 141: 136: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 53: 52: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 4565: 4519:1946-present 4370:Henri Coandă 4365:Aurel Vlaicu 4301: 4285:(Astrobotic) 4262: 4187:Odyssey Moon 4108:Synergy Moon 4098:Moon Express 3960:SpaceShipTwo 3921: 3914: 3864:Mike Melvill 3859:Brian Binnie 3837:SpaceShipOne 3777: 3626:Polaris Dawn 3545:Inspiration4 3511:Eytan Stibbe 3501:Larry Connor 3476:Sian Proctor 3307:SpaceShipTwo 2986:. Retrieved 2982: 2972: 2961:. Retrieved 2957:the original 2947: 2936:. Retrieved 2932:the original 2922: 2911:. Retrieved 2907:the original 2903:"Mission 4B" 2897: 2886:. Retrieved 2882:the original 2872: 2861:. Retrieved 2857:the original 2847: 2835:. Retrieved 2831: 2807:. Retrieved 2803:the original 2778:. Retrieved 2773: 2763: 2738:. Retrieved 2731:the original 2718: 2707:. Retrieved 2703:the original 2693: 2682:. Retrieved 2678:the original 2668: 2656:. Retrieved 2652: 2642: 2631:. Retrieved 2627: 2617: 2605:. Retrieved 2596: 2572: 2560:Ghostarchive 2558:Archived at 2554: 2543:, retrieved 2539:the original 2534: 2529: 2523: 2511:. Retrieved 2507:the original 2502: 2493: 2481:. Retrieved 2477:the original 2472: 2463: 2451:. Retrieved 2447:the original 2442: 2433: 2419: 2407:. Retrieved 2403:the original 2398: 2389: 2379:, retrieved 2373: 2367: 2355:. Retrieved 2351:the original 2346: 2337: 2325:. Retrieved 2313: 2281:. Retrieved 2272: 2262: 2250:. Retrieved 2239: 2227:. 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ARCASpace 1941:"Mission 4" 1913:"Mission 3" 1790:, Amos News 1367:Successful 1344:Successful 1321:Successful 1275:Successful 1252:Successful 1229:Successful 366:surface by 265:Karman line 69:"ARCAspace" 4581:Categories 4380:Ion Paulat 4250:Spacecraft 4221:Selenokhod 4142:Astrobotic 4058:Larry Page 4041:Organizers 3847:X Flight 2 3842:X Flight 1 3823:Paul Allen 3811:Burt Rutan 3506:Mark Pathy 3238:Orion Span 2963:2014-12-04 2938:2014-12-04 2913:2014-12-04 2888:2014-12-04 2863:2014-12-04 2837:22 January 2809:2014-12-04 2740:2021-01-04 2709:2014-12-04 2684:2014-09-22 2674:"Executor" 2633:2023-11-26 2599:. Google. 2545:2014-12-04 2473:ARCA Space 2443:ARCA Space 2439:"Haas 2CA" 2381:2014-03-31 2183:2014-12-02 2161:2014-03-31 2135:2014-03-31 2113:2014-03-31 2109:, Antena 3 2093:, Mediafax 2071:2014-03-31 2045:2014-03-31 2016:2014-03-31 2012:, Antena 3 1994:2014-03-31 1951:2014-12-04 1923:2014-12-04 1898:, Mediafax 1846:2014-12-04 1822:2014-03-31 1794:2014-03-31 1772:2014-03-31 1715:2014-12-04 1690:2014-12-04 1595:References 1548:Mission 17 1539:Mission 16 1530:Mission 15 1521:Mission 13 1512:Mission 12 1503:Mission 11 1495:Mission 10 1489:Starhopper 1372:Mission 19 1349:Mission 18 1326:Mission 17 1303:Mission 16 1280:Mission 15 1257:Mission 13 1234:Mission 12 1211:Mission 11 1197:>100 KM 1188:Mission 10 1183:Cancelled 1111:Completed 1088:Completed 1065:Completed 1042:Completed 1019:Completed 1001:Mission 4B 950:Completed 927:Completed 904:Completed 710:Sea Dragon 203:Key people 80:newspapers 47:references 4607:ARCAspace 4566:ARCAspace 4459:1919-1946 4438:1909-1919 4283:Peregrine 4267:(SpaceIL) 4264:Beresheet 4226:SpaceMETA 4205:Team Puli 4132:AngelicvM 4113:TeamIndus 3635:Cancelled 3327:Starliner 3317:New Glenn 3167:CAS Space 2780:4 January 2699:"Venator" 2513:11 August 2409:11 August 2357:11 August 2283:4 January 2252:4 January 2229:4 January 1878:11 August 1744:11 August 1664:11 August 1579:ArcaBoard 1483:Mission 9 1457:Mission 6 1448:Mission 5 1418:Mission 2 1397:Mission 1 1361:CER-160TR 1338:CER-160TR 1200:EcoRocket 1177:EcoRocket 1165:Mission 9 1142:Mission 7 1070:Mission 8 1047:Mission 6 1024:Mission 5 987:100.000 m 978:Mission 4 964:100.000 m 955:Mission 3 932:Mission 2 909:Mission 1 729:AMi Cargo 706:Black Sea 656:AirStrato 589:Bucharest 499:AirStrato 441:Mil Mi-17 364:Black Sea 240:ARCAspace 217:arcaspace 161:Aerospace 133:ARCAspace 110:June 2021 18:EcoRocket 4561:IAR S.A. 4551:Aerostar 4352:Pioneers 4291:(Hakuto) 4209:Quantum3 4172:LunaTrex 4155:Euroluna 4128:Advaeros 3832:Tier One 3642:dearMoon 3531:missions 3332:Starship 3297:Dragon 2 3288:Current 3282:Vehicles 3036:Archived 3019:Archived 2832:Facebook 2749:cite web 2601:Archived 2562:and the 2318:Archived 2277:Archived 1812:NBC News 1557:See also 1390:Planned 1381:<200m 1378:Uncrewed 1355:Uncrewed 1332:Uncrewed 1309:Uncrewed 1298:Planned 1286:Uncrewed 1266:<300m 1263:Uncrewed 1240:Uncrewed 1220:<100m 1217:Uncrewed 1206:Planned 1194:Uncrewed 1174:<100m 1171:Uncrewed 1125:Uncrewed 1119:(BOREAS) 1102:24,000 m 1099:Uncrewed 1076:Uncrewed 1053:Uncrewed 1010:40.000 m 1007:Uncrewed 984:Uncrewed 961:Uncrewed 941:22.000 m 938:Uncrewed 918:22.000 m 915:Uncrewed 892:Uncrewed 869:Category 856:Missions 823:Ariane 6 819:Delta IV 815:Falcon 9 773:Executor 624:Romanian 595:Haas 2CA 545:Vehicles 539:Ethereum 535:platinum 457:cubesat 294:Romanian 232:Romanian 157:Industry 4546:Romaero 4230:STELLAR 4160:FREDNET 4103:SpaceIL 3950:Tier 1b 3933:Related 3677:Haven-1 3655:Related 3619:Planned 3610:Axiom-2 3605:Axiom-1 3313:Future 3233:MirCorp 3211:Defunct 3137:Redwire 2988:20 July 2983:YouTube 2774:YouTube 2658:20 July 2653:Twitter 2649:"Tweet" 2607:7 March 2597:YouTube 2574:YouTube 2327:20 July 2273:YouTube 2206:20 July 1589:Rockoon 1387:Planned 1358:Unknown 1335:Unknown 1154:IAR-111 1131:Haas 2C 1128:Orbital 1033:5.000 m 935:Stabilo 912:Stabilo 895:1.000 m 881:Status 866:Program 811:Atlas V 795:Venator 675:ExoMars 618:IAR 111 578:Haas 2C 565:Haas 2B 479:ExoMars 429:IAR-111 318:Orizont 271:History 256:Romania 212:Website 196:Romania 176: ( 168:Founded 151:Private 94:scholar 4289:SORATO 4169:JURBAN 4093:Hakuto 4048:Google 3882:People 3794:Winner 3152:SpaceX 3095:Active 2483:30 May 2453:30 May 1836:"HAAS" 1634:22 May 1148:Crewed 1030:Crewed 863:Flight 821:, and 459:Goliat 381:, the 356:Onesti 96: 89: 82: 75: 67: 4505:] 4483:] 4414:] 4387:] 4302:Unity 4295:Tesla 4277:MX-1E 4257:ALINA 3908:Media 3292:Soyuz 2799:"Wp3" 2734:(PDF) 2727:(PDF) 2533:[ 2321:(PDF) 2310:(PDF) 2200:(PDF) 1312:~600m 1289:180km 1269:LAS-1 1243:~600m 1056:700 m 723:OTRAG 101:JSTOR 87:books 4217:SCSG 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