960:
1787:
1775:
833:
2604:
engage in its use, we must accept its authority. The enormous size, complex interconnections and stratification of tasks which make up modern technological systems make authoritarian command necessary and independent, individual decision-making impossible." Anarcho-primitivists seek to revert the economic and government institutions of civilization which they argue are
4559:
2608:, exploitative, and abstract and return humanity to a way of living which is harmonious with the natural world in which technology used mostly individually to create tools for survival much like in primitive cultures and tribes where they argue there is little need for abstract things such as an economy or government.
2241:
is an ideology that prescribes high public enterprise and government regulation in a capitalist economy. It espouses state regulation (rather than state ownership of the means of production) and extensive social welfare programs. Social democracy became associated with
Keynesianism, the Nordic model,
2573:
strives to return humans to a pre-industrialized and pre-civilization state. From an economic standpoint, advocates of this model argue the non-necessity of economic systems for human existence. Proponents of this ideology believe that the entire history of human civilization took a wrong turn from
2419:
to developing nations around the world. While economically fascism is oriented towards self-sufficiency, politically fascist countries of the mid-20th century were oriented to war and expansion; two seemingly contradictory motives. The goals of fascist nations was to create a closed economic system
1979:
In the mid-twentieth century, campaigns began promoting the idea of specifically
Islamic patterns of economic thought and behavior. By the 1970s, "Islamic economics" was introduced as an academic discipline in a number of institutions of higher learning throughout the Muslim world and in the West.
2339:
is an economic ideology that blends elements of capitalism with other systems and emphasizes government intervention in the economy to save and reconstruct companies that are deemed a risk to the nation. The ideology's prime years are considered by some economists to be the ten years leading up to
2064:
Recently and as a complement to
Islamic economics, the field of Islamic entrepreneurship or entrepreneurship from an Islamic perspective has gained traction. Islamic entrepreneurship studies the Muslim entrepreneur, entrepreneurial ventures, and contextual factors impacting entrepreneurship at the
2582:
and the institutions created to support and control it are exploitative of not only humans but also the environment. They argue that the more people live in a society, the more resources they will need. These resources must be taken from the Earth and therefore lead to environmental exploitation.
2603:
and green ideologies by opposing technological and industrial advancement as it further propagates the exploitation of humans. "Technology is not a simple tool which can be used in any way we like. It is a form of social organization, a set of social relations. It has its own laws. If we are to
1842:
has a set of special moral norms and values about individual and social economic behavior. Therefore, it has its own economic system, which is based on its philosophical views and is compatible with the
Islamic organization of other aspects of human behavior: social and political systems.
900:
to describe how an economy currently functions. However, the two are closely interrelated, as underlying economic ideology influences the methodology and theory employed in analysis. The diverse ideology and methodology of the 74 Nobel laureates in economics speaks to such interrelation.
2917:
The paper argues that the methods used in Fiqh are mainly designed to find out whether or not a certain act is permissible or prohibited. Islamic economics, on the other hand, is a social science. Like any other social science its proper unit of analysis is the society
3477:
the two models projected by the First and the Second Worlds. Both are basically materialistic, have priorities ... which permit wholesale exploitation. In the West it is the big corporations and cartels and in the
Socialist countries it is state capitalism and
2061:, and other activities that Islam regards as sinful such as unlawful confiscation of land. However, critics like Timur Kuran have described it as primarily a "vehicle for asserting the primacy of Islam", with economic reform being a secondary motive.
2557:
model, which argues for the use of a vanguard party to bring about a workers state to be used as a transitional tool to bring about stateless communism, the economic arrangement described above. Other models to bring about communism include
2386:
as the primary tool of economic progress as long as their activities are in line with the goals of the state. In fascist economies, profits or gains are individualized while losses are socialized. These economies are often compared to the
2458:), the state approves of the prices and products produced in the economy, subjecting the market system to direct external regulations. Alternatively, the state may produce the goods but then sell them in competitive markets.
2226:. This ideology supports a free-market economy where supply and demand determine the price of goods and services, and where markets are free from regulation. However, this economic calls for state action in the form of
2591:
and profit, and most importantly environmental destruction and deterioration. This exploitation has led to the increase in human population growth, activity, and development which they argue is destroying the Earth's
2499:
Socialist doctrines essentially promote the collectivist idea that an economy's resources should be used in the interest of all participants, and not simply for private gain. This ideology historically opposed the
2547:
2367:, which may lead to full employment, as this can undermine one of the main basics that make capitalism work. Other critics state that if neo-capitalism was put into place, it would become immediately corrupt.
2481:
or ad hoc approach to the management and ownership of the means of production. Democratic
Socialism is a blending of socialistic and democratic ideas to create a political and economic Structure.
2023:, but as a "third way", an ideal mean with none of the drawbacks of the other two systems. Among the claims made for an Islamic economic system by Islamic activists and revivalists are that the
2316:. Investors sought out a get-rich-quick motive they found through speculative activities that offered a particular individual gain or loss depending on the assets’ future movements. Other
2119:
capitalism, is an ideology that prescribes minimal public enterprise and government regulation in a capitalist economy. This ideology advocates for a type of capitalism based on open
4153:
Becker, Michael, Anarcho-Primitivism: The Green Scare in Green
Political Theory (April 1, 2010). Western Political Science Association 2010 Annual Meeting Paper. Available at SSRN:
2583:
However, they claim that materialist exploitation can be seen throughout almost every society in the world today. This materialism creates inequalities and exploitation such as
2435:
of the means of production and cooperative management of the allocation of resources. Socialist systems can be distinguished by the dominant coordination mechanism employed (
2095:
There are several implementations of capitalism that are loosely based around how much government involvement or public enterprise exists. The main ones that exist today are
2562:, which argues similarly to Marxist schools for a revolutionary transformation to the above economic arrangement, but does not use a transitional period or vanguard party.
863:
4142:
2596:. They emphasize coexisting with the natural world instead of destroying it, "a world order on our planet where human civilization is brought into harmony with nature".
2352:
countries. These countries most affected by the war saw a growth in capitalism. Neo-capitalism differs from regular capitalism in that while capitalism highlights
4043:
2360:
in sustaining the country as a provider and a producer and condemns private companies for lacking in their role as a provider and producer for their country.
1894:) has traditionally dealt with determining what is required, prohibited, encouraged, discouraged, or just permissible, according to the revealed word of God (
4316:
4266:
2851:"A Review of Fiqh al-Mua'malat Subjects in Economics and Related Programs at International Islamic University Malaysia and University of Brunei Darussalam"
1817:
1749:
2420:
which is self-reliant, but is also ready and prepared to engage in war and territorial expansion. Fascist economies can then be seen as state capitalist.
4310:
4294:
4280:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4304:
2534:
is the evolved result of socialism so that the central role of the state has 'withered away' and is no longer necessary for the functioning of a
4117:
3445:
856:
4484:
4431:
4254:
3838:
3710:
3400:
3309:
3282:
3252:
3083:
2412:
4445:
2722:
1838:
refers to the knowledge of economics or economic activities and processes in terms of
Islamic principles and teachings. The religion of
4238:
4388:
3930:
3905:
3880:
3520:
3493:
3119:
2553:
Communism is also a political system as much as an economic one—with various models in how it is implemented—the well known being the
291:
4357:
3225:
3200:
3169:
3144:
3026:
2492:
is a political ideology that calls for centralized planning of the economy. This ideology formed the economic basis of all existing
849:
226:
1926:, and studied how to best achieve policy goals, such as full employment, price stability, economic equity and productivity growth.
2194:
are employed at times to change the economic incentives for people for various reasons. The capitalist economy will likely follow
2526:
3427:
1810:
2313:
392:
1906:). This applied to issues like property, money, employment, taxes, loans, along with everything else. The social science of
4563:
2622:
1410:
1148:
837:
732:
702:
452:
442:
2890:
2850:
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system and has led to human dependence on technology to support increasing populations, government control, and culture.
4579:
762:
4589:
2647:
1759:
979:
969:
2546:
is no longer needed, and all economic activity, enterprise, labour, production and consumption is freely exchanged, "
908:
can be classified an economic ideology is to ask if it inherently takes a specific and detailed economic standpoint.
896:
rather than just explanatory in its approach, whereas the aim of economic theories is to create accurate explanatory
3415:
Financial
Regulation in Crisis?: The Role of Law and the Failure of Northern Rock By Joanna Gray, Orkun Akseli p. 97
2309:
2191:
1803:
1753:
1283:
1273:
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2955:
2353:
1163:
685:
613:
34:
4076:
4230:
2617:
1915:
1732:
1470:
1425:
1278:
1047:
991:
221:
1485:
4409:
2473:) is an economic ideology that calls for democratic institutions in the economy. These may take the form of
2132:
1965:
1919:
1435:
1243:
1233:
1193:
1183:
1090:
1013:
787:
737:
618:
346:
216:
4249:. Social Democratic Reader. Vol. 1. Translated by Patterson, James. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
3337:
Kuran, Timur (1986). "The
Economic System in Contemporary Islamic Thought: Interpretation and Assessment".
2575:
2263:
2251:
2128:
1956:
and various Islamic kingdoms and sultanates led to systemic changes in their economy. Particularly in the
1911:
1867:
Islamic commercial jurisprudence entails the rules of transacting finance or other economic activity in a
1861:
1605:
1450:
1188:
1128:
1085:
1032:
797:
196:
4202:
1420:
2739:
2632:
2364:
2211:
1969:
1739:
1395:
1380:
1238:
1178:
1158:
1153:
792:
437:
127:
97:
82:
2489:
4440:
4290:
3099:
2637:
2466:
2348:. After World War II, countries were destroyed and needed to rebuild and since capitalism thrives in
1490:
1312:
1263:
1228:
1168:
1133:
1037:
1027:
974:
697:
505:
402:
366:
211:
144:
92:
3442:
4584:
3381:
Quran (Al-Baqarah 2:275), (Al-Baqarah 2:276–80), (Al-'Imran 3:130), (Al-Nisa 4:161), (Ar-Rum 30:39)
2570:
2478:
2302:
2148:
2077:
2024:
1716:
1525:
1385:
1347:
1288:
1213:
1203:
1173:
1100:
1008:
924:
893:
807:
752:
747:
680:
670:
356:
191:
4349:
Islamic Banking in Pakistan: Shariah-Compliant Finance and the Quest to Make Pakistan More Islamic
3846:
2981:
2242:
the social liberal paradigm and welfare states within political circles in the late 20th century.
4183:
4099:
4024:
3989:
3673:
3364:
3056:
2828:
2657:
2470:
2379:
2285:, as it can instead create economic instability. Casino capitalism falls alongside the idea of a
2259:
2144:
2081:
1938:
1923:
1744:
1700:
1505:
1342:
1337:
1317:
1268:
1208:
1198:
1143:
1138:
1110:
1105:
1075:
943:
920:
812:
772:
643:
548:
167:
149:
139:
132:
4007:
Baker, David (2006). "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?".
3549:
International Business Success in a Strange Cultural Environment By Mamarinta P. Mababaya p. 202
3111:
4530:
4526:
4509:
4505:
4480:
4469:
4465:
4457:
4427:
4421:
4384:
4353:
4250:
4051:
3950:
3926:
3901:
3876:
3706:
3665:
3472:
3396:
3305:
3278:
3272:
3248:
3242:
3221:
3196:
3186:
3165:
3140:
3115:
3079:
3022:
2798:
2642:
2579:
2559:
2436:
2223:
2140:
1973:
1953:
1946:
1835:
1635:
1610:
1560:
1520:
1400:
1357:
1293:
1258:
1248:
1080:
1042:
998:
665:
417:
397:
184:
177:
172:
3753:
2755:
2719:
4300:
4175:
4091:
4016:
3981:
3698:
3657:
3354:
3346:
3299:
3268:
3192:
3048:
3018:
2996:
2820:
2588:
2554:
2521:
2505:
2455:
2444:
2432:
2341:
2325:
2321:
2290:
2238:
2215:
2104:
2089:
2058:
1685:
1630:
1615:
1600:
1585:
1565:
1515:
1495:
1475:
1430:
1303:
1253:
1223:
1218:
658:
593:
578:
530:
520:
514:
487:
472:
243:
206:
3692:
1984:
are often summarized as: (1) the "behavioral norms and moral foundations" derived from the
959:
4493:
4044:"8 questions about democratic socialism and Bernie Sanders's vision for the United States"
3449:
3431:
2726:
2627:
2535:
2493:
2349:
2195:
2160:
2096:
2050:
1779:
1690:
1655:
1620:
1555:
1480:
1465:
1352:
1327:
1322:
1298:
1070:
1065:
927:). The theory of economic ideology explains its occurrence, evolution, and relation to an
912:
889:
782:
742:
707:
603:
563:
558:
525:
371:
351:
341:
331:
316:
296:
231:
117:
42:
4404:
Julie A. Nelson and Steven M. Sheffrin, 1991. "Economic Literacy or Economic Ideology?"
3691:
Ramadani, Veland; Dana, Léo-Paul; Gërguri-Rashiti, Shqipe; Ratten, Vanessa, eds. (2017).
3778:
3726:
2254:
becoming very large and mostly self-regulated, while also taking on high-risk financial
4322:
3104:
2930:
2501:
2440:
2357:
2336:
2219:
2199:
2136:
2085:
2046:
1710:
1695:
1660:
1645:
1625:
1595:
1445:
1415:
1332:
1022:
1018:
897:
767:
583:
477:
321:
4573:
4187:
4179:
4103:
4028:
3677:
3463:
3424:
3368:
3060:
2605:
2227:
2176:
2100:
1999:
1961:
1675:
1665:
1640:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1550:
1540:
1510:
1500:
1405:
1308:
817:
802:
608:
598:
588:
573:
553:
482:
326:
248:
159:
122:
112:
102:
3923:
Casino Capitalism: How the Financial Crisis Came About and What Needs to be Done Now
3804:
3218:
Modern World System and Indian Proto-industrialization: Bengal 1650-1800, (Volume 1)
2250:
Casino capitalism is the high risk-taking and financial instability associated with
2652:
2584:
2345:
2270:
aspect that offers prospects for a quicker and more speculator returns for people,
2180:
2164:
1957:
1941:
from the 9th century and later became dominant in European Muslim territories like
1930:
1791:
1705:
1650:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1455:
1003:
692:
568:
432:
427:
422:
407:
361:
336:
311:
306:
253:
107:
2324:, have written books on casino capitalism with commentary outside the Anglo-Saxon
2230:
favoring social insurance, unemployment benefits and recognition of labor rights.
4544:
4540:
4378:
4347:
3244:
Finance and Society in 21st Century China: Chinese Culture Versus Western Markets
2027:
will be reduced and prosperity enhanced by such means as the discouraging of the
17:
4374:
4245:
Gombert, Tobias (2009). Bläsius, Julia; Krell, Christian; Timpe, Martin (eds.).
2474:
2448:
2431:
is any of the various ideologies of economic organization based on some form of
2392:
2286:
2267:
2120:
2116:
1680:
1670:
1460:
1095:
757:
712:
675:
653:
648:
261:
236:
4500:, 23(1) pp. 94–107. Reprinted in Daniel M. Hausman, 1994, 2nd rev. ed.,
4020:
3702:
3661:
3350:
3052:
2901:
2861:
2317:
2255:
2184:
2168:
2073:
2020:
1942:
1934:
1869:
1590:
1390:
916:
87:
55:
4235:
Economic Analysis and Political Ideology: The Selected Essays of Karl Brunner
4055:
3669:
3393:
The Islamic Moral Economy: A Study of Islamic Money and Financial Instruments
3000:
2752:, 2005 The Behavioral Study of Political Ideology and Public Policy Formation
4514:
4337:"laissez-faire, economists and" by Roger E. Backhouse and Steven G. Medema.
3645:
3586:
The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment
2600:
2593:
2539:
2538:. All means of production are collectively owned and managed in a communal,
2531:
2517:
2428:
2388:
2099:, where the state intervenes in market activity and provides some services;
2016:
1907:
1877:
1440:
1371:
951:
777:
301:
266:
201:
65:
60:
3425:
Islam and Economic Justice: A 'Third Way' Between Capitalism and Socialism?
1860:
of economics based on the teachings of Islam that is mostly similar to the
4558:
3588:
By Zamir Iqbal, Abbas Mirakhor, Noureddine Krichenne, Hossein Askari p. 75
3558:
Islamic Capital Markets: Theory and Practice By Noureddine Krichene p. 119
1774:
832:
3188:
How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850
2543:
2188:
2156:
2152:
2054:
2028:
1899:
1857:
1852:
905:
881:
154:
4141:"Socialism." A Dictionary of Economics (3 ed.). Oxford Reference, 2009.
4095:
4477:
The Age of Social Democracy: Norway and Sweden in the Twentieth Century
3993:
3443:
How Do We Know Islam Will Solve the Problems of Poverty and Inequality?
2832:
2400:
2383:
2375:
2294:
2282:
2281:
movements. Typically, this does not add to the collective wealth of an
2258:
dealings. This has been a driving motive by investors in the quest for
1981:
1964:, a major trading nation of the medieval world, signaled the period of
928:
885:
510:
286:
3359:
2416:
2408:
2271:
2103:, where the state only supplies a court, a military, and police; and
2042:
2032:
1989:
1903:
1885:
638:
4154:
3985:
2824:
2747:
2742:, 1984. "Capture and Ideology in the Economic Theory of Politics,"
3301:
Bengal Industries and the British Industrial Revolution (1757-1857)
3516:
3489:
2548:
from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
2404:
2396:
2298:
2278:
2275:
2172:
2124:
2107:, where the state engages in commercial business activity itself.
2065:
intersection of the Islamic faith and entrepreneurial activities.
2037:
1994:
1985:
1895:
1881:
1874:
1839:
4521:, tr. 1973. Reprinted in Daniel M. Hausman, 1994, 2nd rev. ed.,
4166:
Gordon, Uri (2009). "Anarchism and the Politics of Technology".
3505:
International Business Success in a Strange Cultural Environment
2015:
Advocates of Islamic economics generally describe it as neither
2008:
2003:
1910:, on the other hand, works to describe, analyse and understand
1890:
3277:. Volume 1: Abba - Hist. Oxford University Press. p. 174.
4118:"Democratic Socialism: Definition, Nature, Methods and Tenets"
2363:
Critics of neo-capitalism claim that it tends to suppress the
1864:, which is "labour-based exchange and exchange-based labour".
2312:
that casino capitalism was one of the leading causes of the
4519:
Grundrisse: Foundation of the Critique of Political Economy
4479:. Translated by Daly, Richard. Princeton University Press.
4517:, 1857–58. "Ideology and Method in Political Economy," in
3898:
Political Economy: The Contest of Economic Ideas (3rd ed.)
3873:
Political Economy: The Contest of Economic Ideas (3rd ed.)
4537:
Ideology and the Evolution of Vital Economic Institutions
2891:"Methods and Methodologies in Fiqh and Islamic Economics"
2811:
Philipp, Thomas (1990). "The Idea of Islamic Economics".
2378:
as an economic system promotes the pursuit of individual
2274:, and inside assumptions of the factors likely to affect
2084:, where the allocation of capital goods is determined by
2080:
are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for
3039:
Labib, Subhi Y. (1969). "Capitalism in Medieval Islam".
4380:
Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism
1952:
The Islamic economic concepts taken and applied by the
4475:
Sejersted, Francis (2011). Adams, Madeleine B. (ed.).
3900:. New York, NY.: Oxford University Press. p. 29.
3875:. New York, NY.: Oxford University Press. p. 30.
3694:
Entrepreneurship and Management in an Islamic Context
3137:
Morality and Justice in Islamic Economics and Finance
2982:"Islam, the Mediterranean and the Rise of Capitalism"
3471:. New York : Oxford University Press. pp.
2395:. Fascist economies of the mid 20th century such as
919:, to the extent that explaining an economic system (
4535:Earl A. Thompson and Charles Robert Hickson, 2000.
2293:activities turn to more paper games of speculative
1968:, making direct contribution to the world's first
911:Furthermore, economic ideology is distinct from an
3462:
3103:
2677:"Ideological Profiles of the Economic Laureates".
2382:while promoting corporations through government
2750:. Reprinted in C. Grafton and A. Permaloff, ed.
1873:compliant manner, i.e., a manner conforming to
27:Set of views forming an ideology on the economy
3646:"Entrepreneurship from an Islamic Perspective"
4383:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4331:"American exceptionalism" by Louise C. Keely.
4075:Schleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert W. (1994).
3606:Al-Bukhari Vol 3 Hadith 634; Vol 4 Hadith 418
3597:Al-Bukhari Vol 3 Hadith 632; Vol 4 Hadith 419
3110:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp.
1898:) and the religious practices established by
1811:
857:
8:
3972:Röpke, Wilhelm (1935). "Fascist Economics".
3339:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2716:Journal of the European Economic Association
2587:, the exploitation of humans in the name of
2356:, neo-capitalism emphasizes the role of the
2308:It is believed by people such as economists
4267:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
3139:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 62–63.
2698:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
3464:"Islamic Approach to Economic Development"
2454:In some models of socialism (often called
1937:are thought to have been developed in the
1818:
1804:
938:
888:should run. It differentiates itself from
880:is a set of views forming the basis of an
864:
850:
29:
4523:The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology
4502:The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology
4496:, 1971. "Science and Economic Ideology,"
4462:The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology
3825:
3358:
2884:
2882:
2443:) and by the type of ownership employed (
4281:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
4237:, v. 1, Thomas Ly, ed. Chapter: preview
3162:Money and the Market in India, 1100–1700
4456:, 39(2), pp. 346–59. Reprinted in
3821:
3185:Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy (2009).
2669:
2599:Anarcho-primitivists differ from other
950:
41:
4452:_____, 1949. "Science and Ideology,"
3395:. Boca Raton, FL: Brown Walker Press.
3944:
3942:
3866:
3864:
3324:
2844:
2842:
2076:is a broad economic system where the
7:
4264:Klappholz, Kurt (1987). "ideology".
3631:
2696:Klappholz, Kurt (1987). "ideology".
2163:and new enterprises may freely gain
904:A good way of discerning whether an
4446:Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
4315:"social democracy" by Ben Jackson.
3896:Stilwell, Frank (1 December 2011).
3871:Stilwell, Frank (1 December 2011).
3274:The Islamic World: Past and Present
3015:Labor in the Medieval Islamic World
2794:
1980:The central features of an Islamic
4525:, Cambridge University Press, pp.
4504:, Cambridge University Press, pp.
4464:, Cambridge University Press, pp.
4077:"The Politics of Market Socialism"
3752:Pettinger, Tejvan (27 July 2017).
2714:Roland Bénabou, 2008. "Ideology,"
2218:) is advocated by the ideology of
923:) is distinct from advocating it (
25:
4155:https://ssrn.com/abstract=1580329
3951:"The Economics of Neo-Capitalism"
3644:Gümüsay, Ali Aslan (2015-08-01).
2297:than actually producing economic
2025:gap between the rich and the poor
838:Business and economics portal
4557:
4406:Journal of Economic Perspectives
4180:10.1111/j.1743-4580.2009.00250.x
4084:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2574:hunter-gatherer systems into an
2527:Manifesto of the Communist Party
1848:Islamic commercial jurisprudence
1785:
1773:
958:
831:
4543:and chapter preview links, pp.
4247:Foundations of Social Democracy
4042:Ehrenfreund, Max (2015-10-14).
3507:By Mamarinta P. Mababaya p. 203
3041:The Journal of Economic History
2889:Saleem, Muhammad Yusuf (n.d.).
1060:Concepts, theory and techniques
4423:The Failure of Political Islam
4309:"Maoist economics" by Wei Li.
3839:"Casino Capitalism Definition"
3615:
3467:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
3106:Islamic Gardens and Landscapes
1846:It is a term used to refer to
1:
4299:"contemporary capitalism" by
2782:Monzer, Al Iqtisad al Islami
2623:Critique of political economy
733:Commons-based peer production
453:Socialism of the 21st century
4426:. Harvard University Press.
3576:Ibn Majah Vold 3 Hadith 2154
3304:. Routledge. pp. 7–10.
3160:Sanjay Subrahmanyam (1998).
2849:Mat, Ismail; Ismail, Yusof.
4201:Moore, John (12 Feb 2009).
3925:. Oxford University Press.
3921:Sinn, Hans- Werner (2012).
3540:Ibn Majah Vol 3 Hadith 2289
3531:Al-Bukhari Vol 2 Hadith 514
3461:Ishaque, Khalid M. (1983).
3164:. Oxford University Press.
2900:. p. 1. Archived from
2860:. p. 1. Archived from
2648:Schools of economic thought
1960:, its wealthiest region of
4611:
3727:"Definition of Capitalism"
3650:Journal of Business Ethics
3391:Karim, Shafiel A. (2010).
3247:. CRC Press. p. 151.
3216:Abhay Kumar Singh (2006).
3076:The Long Twentieth Century
3074:Arrighi, Giovanni (2010).
2768:صدر، اقتصادنا، ۱۴۲۴ق، ص۴۲۱
2469:(sometimes referred to as
2415:and government subsidized
2314:2007–2008 financial crisis
2041:) but not trade, exposing
1888:). Islamic jurisprudence (
915:that it supports, such as
4021:10.1080/13563460600655581
3703:10.1007/978-3-319-39679-8
3662:10.1007/s10551-014-2223-7
3469:Voices of Resurgent Islam
3351:10.1017/S0020743800029767
3053:10.1017/S0022050700097837
3013:Maya Shatzmiller (1994),
2931:"Definition of ECONOMICS"
2179:that will result in some
2035:, taxing wealth (through
227:Socialist-oriented market
4454:American Economic Review
3809:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3430:January 7, 2008, at the
3220:. Northern Book Centre.
3135:Chapra, M. Umar (2014).
3001:10.1163/156920607X171591
2744:American Economic Review
2618:Constitutional economics
1048:JEL classification codes
4122:Political Science Notes
3949:Mandel, Ernest (1964).
3843:financepractitioner.com
2980:Banaji, Jairus (2007).
2935:www.merriam-webster.com
2407:agreements, with heavy
2004:prohibition of interest
1966:proto-industrialization
1234:Industrial organization
1091:Computational economics
4460:, 1994, 2nd rev. ed.,
4203:"A Primitivist Primer"
3845:. 2009. Archived from
3241:Junie T. Tong (2016).
3078:. Verso. p. 120.
2989:Historical Materialism
2784:. 1981. p. 90-28.
2504:, and tended to favor
2252:financial institutions
1862:labour theory of value
1086:Experimental economics
4420:Roy, Olivier (1994).
4346:Khan, Feisal (2015).
4009:New Political Economy
3298:Indrajit Ray (2011).
3100:Ruggles, D. Fairchild
2633:Development economics
2403:often used bilateral
2391:due to being heavily
2365:reserve army of labor
2289:-based economy where
2212:social market economy
2167:without restriction.
2135:of goods through the
1970:Industrial Revolution
4566:at Wikimedia Commons
4441:Joseph A. Schumpeter
4291:Robert L. Heilbroner
4284:. 2008, 2nd Edition:
3567:Abu Daud Hadith 2015
3448:May 3, 2016, at the
2638:Ecological economics
2467:Democratic socialism
2462:Democratic socialism
2198:along with a steady
2175:are determined by a
2147:. In such a system,
2059:food for speculation
2012:) charged on loans.
1992:; (2) collection of
1313:Social choice theory
763:Newly industrialized
506:Collective ownership
367:Vertical archipelago
4580:Economic ideologies
4564:Economic ideologies
4498:The Public Interest
4321:"welfare state" by
4207:theanarchistlibrary
4096:10.1257/jep.8.2.165
2813:Die Welt des Islams
2738:Joseph P. Kalt and
2685:(3): 255–682. 2013.
2571:Anarcho-primitivism
2566:Anarcho-primitivism
2479:workplace democracy
2143:reaching efficient
2078:means of production
1780:Business portal
1101:Operations research
1081:National accounting
925:normative economics
748:Inclusive Democracy
4590:Cultural economics
3955:Socialist Register
3849:on 7 November 2017
3805:"Social democracy"
2907:on 22 January 2015
2867:on 23 January 2015
2725:2010-06-12 at the
2679:Econ Journal Watch
2658:Political ideology
2471:economic democracy
2145:market equilibrium
2115:Laissez-faire, or
2053:, discouraging of
1939:Islamic Golden Age
1924:goods and services
1856:), and also to an
1111:Industrial complex
1106:Middle income trap
921:positive economics
686:Material balancing
168:Buddhist economics
4562:Media related to
4486:978-0-691-14774-1
4458:Daniel M. Hausman
4433:978-0-674-29141-6
4256:978-3-86872-215-4
3712:978-3-319-39677-4
3402:978-1-59942-539-9
3311:978-1-136-82552-1
3284:978-0-19-516520-3
3254:978-1-317-13522-7
3085:978-1-84467-304-9
2643:Political economy
2580:Population growth
2560:anarcho-communism
2524:described it (in
2437:economic planning
2246:Casino capitalism
2224:social liberalism
2141:supply and demand
2123:to determine the
2090:financial markets
1974:British conquests
1954:gunpowder empires
1947:Emirate of Sicily
1853:fiqh al-mu'āmalāt
1836:Islamic economics
1831:Islamic economics
1828:
1827:
878:economic ideology
874:
873:
384:By regional model
178:Sabbath economics
18:Economic Ideology
16:(Redirected from
4602:
4595:Economic systems
4561:
4490:
4437:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4301:William Lazonick
4289:"capitalism" by
4275:
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4241:via scroll down.
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2555:Marxist Leninist
2522:Friedrich Engels
2506:central planning
2494:Socialist states
2490:Marxism–Leninism
2485:Marxism–Leninism
2456:market socialism
2445:Public ownership
2433:social ownership
2342:Great Depression
2322:Hans-Werner Sinn
2266:; it provides a
2239:Social Democracy
2234:Social democracy
2216:Rhine capitalism
2105:state capitalism
2045:to risk through
1820:
1813:
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1792:Money portal
1790:
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1274:Natural resource
1066:Economic systems
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594:Municipalization
579:Financialization
549:Collectivization
531:Social ownership
521:Private property
515:Common ownership
473:Common ownership
287:Closed (autarky)
244:State capitalism
222:Socialist market
207:Market socialist
43:Economic systems
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4048:Washington Post
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3754:"Mixed Economy"
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2727:Wayback Machine
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2350:industrializing
2340:1964 after the
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2086:capital markets
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1929:Early forms of
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596:
591:
586:
584:Liberalization
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
508:
502:
500:Property types
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
456:
455:
449:Latin America
447:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
264:
256:
251:
246:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
189:
188:
187:
182:
181:
180:
170:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
136:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
85:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:
69:
68:
63:
58:
52:
49:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4607:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4408:, 5(3), pp.
4407:
4403:
4392:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4361:
4359:9781317366539
4355:
4352:. Routledge.
4351:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4090:(2): 165–76.
4089:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3980:(5): 85–100.
3979:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:, p. 8;
3823:
3818:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3759:
3758:economicshelp
3755:
3748:
3745:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3634:, p. 88.
3633:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3227:9788172112011
3223:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3202:9789047429975
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3171:9780521257589
3167:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3146:9781783475728
3142:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3027:90-04-09896-8
3024:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2740:Mark A. Zupan
2735:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2606:authoritarian
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2228:social policy
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:Social market
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:labour market
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2159:are entirely
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:Laissez-faire
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:laissez faire
2098:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:Islamic taxes
1997:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:de Mandeville
1379:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:Public choice
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Participation
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:Institutional
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Expeditionary
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Environmental
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:International
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
990:Branches and
987:
986:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
965:
961:
957:
956:
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:
934:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
902:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
867:
862:
860:
855:
853:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
828:
827:
826:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:Post-scarcity
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
738:Expeditionary
736:
734:
731:
730:
724:
723:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
699:
696:
694:
691:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
630:
629:
620:
617:
616:
615:
614:Socialization
612:
610:
609:Privatization
607:
605:
602:
600:
599:Mutualization
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:Marketization
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:Expropriation
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
554:Communization
552:
550:
547:
546:
540:
539:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
516:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
497:
496:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
464:
463:
454:
451:
450:
448:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
413:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
388:
387:
381:
380:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
292:Decentralized
290:
288:
285:
284:
278:
277:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
257:
255:
252:
250:
249:Social credit
247:
245:
242:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
217:Participatory
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
134:
131:
129:
128:Social market
126:
124:
123:Protectionist
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
103:Laissez-faire
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
74:
73:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4541:Descrip;tion
4536:
4522:
4518:
4501:
4497:
4476:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4422:
4413:
4405:
4394:. Retrieved
4379:
4375:Kuran, Timur
4363:. Retrieved
4348:
4279:
4271:
4265:
4246:
4234:
4231:Karl Brunner
4210:. Retrieved
4206:
4196:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4149:
4137:
4126:. Retrieved
4124:. 2015-05-08
4121:
4112:
4087:
4083:
4070:
4059:. Retrieved
4047:
4037:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3958:
3954:
3922:
3916:
3897:
3891:
3872:
3851:. Retrieved
3847:the original
3842:
3833:
3822:Gombert 2009
3817:
3808:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3785:. 2003-11-23
3783:Investopedia
3782:
3773:
3761:. Retrieved
3757:
3747:
3735:. Retrieved
3733:. 6 Nov 2017
3730:
3721:
3693:
3686:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3627:
3617:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3536:
3527:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3485:
3478:bureaucracy.
3476:
3468:
3456:
3438:
3420:
3411:
3392:
3386:
3377:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3327:, p. x.
3320:
3300:
3293:
3273:
3263:
3243:
3236:
3217:
3211:
3187:
3180:
3161:
3155:
3136:
3130:
3105:
3094:
3075:
3069:
3047:(1): 79–96.
3044:
3040:
3034:
3014:
3009:
2995:(1): 47–74.
2992:
2988:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2960:amosweb.com/
2959:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2934:
2925:
2916:
2909:. Retrieved
2902:the original
2898:kantakji.com
2897:
2869:. Retrieved
2862:the original
2858:kantakji.com
2857:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2790:
2781:
2776:
2767:
2762:
2751:
2743:
2734:
2715:
2710:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2653:Social model
2598:
2576:agricultural
2569:
2552:
2525:
2515:
2498:
2488:
2475:cooperatives
2465:
2453:
2449:cooperatives
2427:
2393:corporatized
2374:
2362:
2346:World War II
2335:
2307:
2249:
2237:
2209:
2192:intervention
2181:unemployment
2165:market entry
2114:
2094:
2072:
2063:
2036:
2014:
2007:
1993:
1978:
1958:Mughal India
1951:
1931:mercantilism
1928:
1916:distribution
1889:
1868:
1866:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1834:
1750:Publications
1715:
1338:Sociological
1311: /
1209:Geographical
1189:Evolutionary
1164:Digitization
1129:Agricultural
1033:Mathematical
1004:Econometrics
910:
903:
877:
875:
703:Peer-to-peer
698:Self-managed
633:Coordination
569:Deregulation
254:Distributist
108:Mercantilist
4539:. Springer.
2756:pp. 65–104.
2748:pp. 279–300
2287:speculation
2268:speculation
2133:consumption
2121:competition
2117:free market
1920:consumption
1586:von Neumann
1239:Information
1179:Engineering
1159:Development
1154:Demographic
1096:Game theory
1038:Methodology
884:on how the
808:Traditional
758:Manorialism
753:Information
727:Other types
713:Open access
676:Cybernetics
418:Anglo-Saxon
403:Singaporean
362:Underground
357:Subsistence
262:Corporatist
237:Syndicalist
197:Communalist
83:Associative
77:By ideology
50:Major types
4585:Ideologies
4574:Categories
4365:9 February
4225:References
4168:WorkingUSA
4128:2017-12-04
4061:2017-12-04
3853:30 October
3616:El-Gamal,
3360:10161/2561
3325:Kuran 2004
2965:22 January
2911:22 January
2871:22 January
2797:, p.
2754:, ch. 4,
2746:, 74(3),
2594:ecosystems
2318:economists
2264:production
2256:investment
2185:Government
2169:Employment
2157:enterprise
2129:production
2074:Capitalism
2069:Capitalism
2021:capitalist
1998:and other
1972:after the
1943:Al-Andalus
1935:capitalism
1912:production
1745:Economists
1616:Schumacher
1521:Schumpeter
1491:von Wieser
1411:von Thünen
1372:economists
1348:Statistics
1343:Solidarity
1264:Managerial
1229:Humanistic
1224:Historical
1169:Ecological
1134:Behavioral
1028:Mainstream
917:capitalism
813:Transition
773:Plantation
681:Indicative
543:Transition
393:East Asian
164:Religious
140:Democratic
113:Neoliberal
98:Democratic
88:Capitalist
56:Capitalism
4515:Karl Marx
4339:Abstract.
4333:Abstract.
4327:Abstract.
4317:Abstract.
4311:Abstract.
4305:Abstract.
4295:Abstract.
4274:: 716–18.
4188:145449806
4104:152437398
4056:0190-8286
4029:155046186
3974:Economica
3678:140869670
3670:1573-0697
3632:Khan 2015
3369:162278555
3061:153962294
2601:anarchist
2542:society.
2540:classless
2532:communism
2518:Karl Marx
2512:Communism
2429:Socialism
2424:Socialism
2389:third way
2384:subsidies
2017:socialist
1908:economics
1878:scripture
1661:Greenspan
1626:Samuelson
1606:Galbraith
1576:Tinbergen
1516:von Mises
1511:Heckscher
1471:Edgeworth
1289:Personnel
1249:Knowledge
1214:Happiness
1204:Financial
1174:Education
1149:Democracy
1043:Political
1009:Heterodox
952:Economics
894:normative
892:in being
778:Plutonomy
659:Regulated
488:Voluntary
414:European
267:Feudalism
212:Mutualist
202:Communist
192:Socialist
173:Christian
93:Corporate
66:Communism
61:Socialism
4443:, 1942.
4377:(2004).
4233:, 1996.
3961:: 56–67.
3446:Archived
3428:Archived
3102:(2008).
2940:28 March
2795:Roy 1994
2723:Archived
2612:See also
2544:Currency
2303:services
2262:without
2189:judicial
2153:property
2055:hoarding
2029:hoarding
1945:and the
1900:Muhammad
1858:ideology
1754:journals
1740:Glossary
1691:Stiglitz
1656:Rothbard
1636:Buchanan
1621:Friedman
1611:Koopmans
1601:Leontief
1581:Robinson
1466:Marshall
1370:Notable
1318:Regional
1294:Planning
1269:Monetary
1199:Feminist
1144:Cultural
1139:Business
944:a series
942:Part of
935:Examples
906:ideology
882:ideology
666:Planning
317:Informal
302:Dirigist
155:Georgist
150:Feminist
35:a series
33:Part of
4412:(press
3994:2549110
3473:268–276
2918:itself.
2833:1571048
2441:markets
2417:exports
2413:imports
2409:tariffs
2401:Germany
2376:Fascism
2371:Fascism
2295:trading
2283:economy
2260:profits
2149:capital
2043:lenders
1982:economy
1875:Islamic
1870:Shari'a
1760:Schools
1752: (
1711:Piketty
1706:Krugman
1571:Kuznets
1561:Kalecki
1536:Polanyi
1426:Cournot
1421:Bastiat
1406:Ricardo
1396:Malthus
1386:Quesnay
1358:Welfare
1328:Service
999:Applied
975:Outline
970:History
929:economy
886:economy
708:Sharing
671:In kind
619:Marxist
511:Commons
478:Private
467:Sectors
438:Rhenish
408:Keralan
398:Chinese
372:Virtual
352:Sharing
342:Planned
332:Natural
297:Digital
185:Islamic
145:Fascist
133:Welfare
4483:
4430:
4410:157–65
4396:6 June
4387:
4356:
4253:
4212:10 Oct
4186:
4102:
4054:
4027:
3992:
3929:
3904:
3879:
3789:14 Nov
3763:14 Nov
3737:13 Nov
3709:
3676:
3668:
3620:, 2004
3519:
3492:
3399:
3367:
3308:
3281:
3251:
3224:
3199:
3168:
3143:
3118:
3082:
3059:
3025:
2831:
2720:321–52
2704:: 716.
2380:profit
2326:bubble
2272:wealth
2082:profit
2033:wealth
2002:, (3)
1990:Sunnah
1962:Bengal
1918:, and
1904:sunnah
1886:sunnah
1696:Thaler
1676:Ostrom
1671:Becker
1666:Sowell
1646:Baumol
1551:Myrdal
1546:Sraffa
1541:Frisch
1531:Knight
1526:Keynes
1501:Fisher
1496:Veblen
1481:Pareto
1461:Menger
1456:George
1451:Jevons
1446:Walras
1436:Gossen
1304:Public
1299:Policy
1254:Labour
1219:Health
1076:Market
898:models
768:Palace
644:Market
639:Barter
483:Public
443:Soviet
428:Nordic
423:German
389:Asian
322:Market
4545:vii–x
4278:From
4239:links
4184:S2CID
4100:S2CID
4080:(PDF)
4025:S2CID
3990:JSTOR
3674:S2CID
3622:: p.5
3517:Quran
3490:Quran
3365:S2CID
3112:15–36
3057:S2CID
2985:(PDF)
2905:(PDF)
2894:(PDF)
2865:(PDF)
2854:(PDF)
2829:JSTOR
2664:Notes
2589:labor
2405:trade
2397:Italy
2358:state
2320:like
2299:goods
2279:price
2276:asset
2173:wages
2125:price
2038:zakat
1995:zakat
1986:Quran
1896:Quran
1882:Quran
1840:Islam
1733:Lists
1701:Hoppe
1686:Lucas
1651:Solow
1641:Arrow
1631:Simon
1596:Lange
1591:Hicks
1566:Röpke
1556:Hayek
1506:Pigou
1476:Clark
1391:Smith
1353:Urban
1333:Socio
1323:Rural
1023:Macro
1019:Micro
980:Index
818:World
803:Token
693:Price
433:Dutch
327:Mixed
232:State
160:Green
4481:ISBN
4428:ISBN
4398:2017
4385:ISBN
4367:2017
4354:ISBN
4251:ISBN
4214:2017
4052:ISSN
3927:ISBN
3902:ISBN
3877:ISBN
3855:2017
3791:2017
3765:2017
3739:2017
3707:ISBN
3666:ISSN
3521:9:35
3494:4:29
3397:ISBN
3306:ISBN
3279:ISBN
3249:ISBN
3222:ISBN
3197:ISBN
3166:ISBN
3141:ISBN
3116:ISBN
3080:ISBN
3023:ISBN
2967:2015
2942:2018
2913:2015
2873:2015
2520:and
2399:and
2344:and
2301:and
2222:and
2210:The
2187:and
2171:and
2155:and
2131:and
2088:and
2049:and
2019:nor
2009:riba
1988:and
1933:and
1891:fiqh
1884:and
1717:more
1441:Marx
1431:Mill
1416:List
654:Open
649:Free
337:Open
312:Gift
307:Dual
4531:42.
4527:119
4510:51.
4506:239
4470:38.
4466:224
4176:doi
4143:Web
4092:doi
4017:doi
3982:doi
3699:doi
3658:doi
3654:130
3355:hdl
3347:doi
3049:doi
2997:doi
2821:doi
2799:133
2550:".
2530:),
2516:As
2451:).
2447:or
2439:or
2411:on
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