Economy of Quebec - Knowledge (XXG)

525:. Quebec will cut its emissions by 20% by the year 2020 compared to international reference of 1990. On January 14, 2010, a new law came into force to reduce greenhouse gases from automobiles which represent 40% of Quebec GHGs. This new law stipulates that car manufacturers serving the territory of Quebec must meet an emission ceiling of 187 grams of GHG/km or approximatively 7.7 L/100 km. This level must be reduced annually up to 127 grams of GHG/km or approximatively 5.3 L/100 km in 2016. These standards are as stringent as those in California (United States), according to the Government of Quebec. The provincial government plans to offer up to $ 8,000 rebate towards the purchase of an electric car. The government hopes that by 2020, a quarter of cars purchased in Quebec will be electric. The plan would position Quebec as a world leader in electrified transportation according to Jean Charest. 454: 1398: 1568: 6838: 2872: 1644: 529: 475:(Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks) is primarily responsible for implementing environmental policy. For its part, the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (SEPAQ) is the lead agency for the management of national parks and wildlife reserves. Quebec currently protects nearly 8.12% (135,326 km) of its territory. The first protected area was the creation of Mt. Royal Park in 1876 followed by the 2147: 312: 6824: 398: 326: 890:(cortAIx). The city also hosts Scale AI, Canada's AI global innovation cluster that funds and supports AI projects for supply chains, and IVADO, a unique institute that connects researchers and businesses to develop AI solutions. Quebec's AI industry has attracted major investments from the Canadian government, such as the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, and from global companies, such as 1074: 1770:(2019). Animal production accounts for more than half of all farms in Quebec. Dairy production is the province's most important, accounting for 57% of farm enterprises and 26% of income. It is followed by hog production, which accounts for 15% of total revenue. The most major agricultural output is grain maize (for livestock). 1618:) have a total capacity of 402,000 barrels per day, which is greater than local needs, which stood at 365,000 barrels per day in 2018. In 2021, an Ipsos poll found that 43% of Quebecers want their province to develop its own oil resources instead of continuing to import all the oil consumed in the province. 2161:

In 2021, Canada's Quebec imported C$ 87.5B, making it the 2nd largest importer out of the 13 importers in Canada. In 2021 top imports of Quebec were Petroleum oils, oils from bituminous minerals,... (C$ 4.57B), Other Aircraft parts (C$ 2.76B), Parts of turbo-jet or turbo-propeller engines (C$ 2.28B),

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Québec has immense mining potential, and in 2021, it was the second highest mineral-producing province by value at $ 11.9 billion, coming second to British Columbia ($ 12.9 billion). The Abitibi also has the world's largest Archean volcano-sedimentary belt and is known for its gold, copper, zinc, and

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Quebec has renewable forest resources extending over an area of nearly 760,000 square kilometres (290,000 sq mi) and generating an annual allowable cut of about 55 cubic metres (72 cu yd) million. In 2021, a study concluded that only 1% of Quebec's forests are harvested each year.

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being the two main sectors. It accounts for 8% of the Quebec's GDP and generates $ 19.2 billion. This industry generated 487,000 jobs in agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing of food, beverages and tobacco and food distribution. Quebec is in 1st place for the highest amount of milk produced and

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includes more than 450 companies and organizations. Employing over 25,000 individuals and generating $ 5.6 billion in annual revenues, it encompasses a diverse array of players, from multinationals to small and medium-sized enterprises, research institutes, universities, and healthcare institutions.

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In 2004, some 8000 people were employed in the Quebec optics and photonics industries. Research-related jobs are concentrated chiefly in the seven Quebec City region research centres, while production operations are mostly located in the Greater Montreal area. Quebec counts some 20 businesses in the

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Quebec's engineering industry stands as a robust sector, actively contributing to the development and innovation across various fields. Its role in the province's and the country's economic and social progress is significant. Continuously adapting to societal and environmental changes, this industry

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Federal Energy and Natural Resources Minister Jonathan Wilkinson announced nearly $ 30 million in funding for the installation of more than 1,500 new electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Quebec. The Quebec government announced that they are adding more than 116,000 additional charging stations

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below 25 000 kilotonnes per year. Only the forest industry, agriculture and waste industries are not affected by this tax. In addition, the Quebec government plans to recover 60% of putrescible organic matter by 2015 in order to reduce its emissions. Quebec climate policy has been harshly criticised

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has announced that it plans to build a factory in Quebec to produce cathode active materials with production expected to start by 2025. Finally, the governments of Quebec and Canada are working closely with Volta Energy Solutions Canada Inc. (VESC) on the establishment of a new copper foil facility

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Quebec is on track to become a major player in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, thanks to its ambitious strategy to develop a domestic battery supply chain. The province has several advantages, such as abundant hydroelectricity, rich mineral resources, and strong government support, that make it

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in 1985 and has celebrated its 400th anniversary in 2008. Montreal is the only Francophone metropolis in North America and also the second largest Francophone city after Paris in terms of population. This major centre of 4 million inhabitants is a tapestry of cultures from the world over with its

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The engineering industry in Quebec is one of the most important and influential sectors in the province's economy and society. It has a long and rich history that dates back to the colonial era, when engineers played a key role in building and developing the infrastructure and public works of the

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Quebec also led the country in EV market share for the whole year of 2022, with 36.7% of new vehicle registrations being electric. Ontario was second, with 31.5%, and B.C. was third, with 23.9%. These three provinces accounted for over 90% of the total EV registrations in Canada in 2022. Quebec's

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Quebec's exports of food products increased by 75% between 1999 and 2002, reaching $ 3.6 billion. In 2002, more than 150 countries imported these products, 88% of them with three partners: the United States (75.1%), the European Union (5.5%) and Japan (7.4%). The most exported products are pork,

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In 2003, tourism-related expenditures amounted to C$ 7.3 billion. Some 27.5 million trips were made in Quebec, 76% of which were made by Quebecers themselves, 13% by other Canadians, 8% from the United States and 3% from other countries. Almost 330,000 people are employed in the tourism sector,

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The province has set ambitious targets to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, put 1.5 million EVs on the road in Quebec by 2030, and electrify 55% of city buses and 65% of school buses by 20301. To support these goals, the Quebec government has announced various measures in the recent budget for

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Quebec exported C$ 98 billion in 2021, making it Canada's third highest exporter out of 13 exporters. Fixed wing aircraft, unladen weight (C$ 5.36B), aluminium unwrought, not alloyed (C$ 4.64B), aluminium unwrought, alloyed (C$ 4.24B), iron ore, concentrate, not iron pyrites, unagglomerate (C$

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has around 937 active studios, meaning Quebec accounts for over one-quarter of the country's total game dev workforce. On top of that, the study notes that 86 percent of the studios are Quebec-owned. This means that for all of the big-name international companies that have locations in Quebec,

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silver resources. Québec develops 17 metals and 12 nonmetals, giving it Canada's most diverse resource base. Without including corporate income tax, the Québec government received $ 1.3 billion in 2018, while the Government of Canada received an extra $ 500 million through mining activities.

866:, Hugo Larochelle, and Irina Rish, Mila collaborates with industry partners and government agencies to advance AI research and applications for the common good and ethics. Montreal is also a global hub for artificial intelligence research with many companies involved in this sector, such as 1551:

occupies a dominant position in the production, transmission and distribution of electricity in Quebec. Hydro-Québec operates 63 hydroelectric power stations and 28 large reservoirs; they guarantee a stable and flexible supply which adjusts according to demand. Because of the remoteness of

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One of these measures is a reduction in rebates available for the purchase of EVs, from $ 8,000 to $ 6,000 for new vehicles and from $ 4,000 to $ 3,000 for used vehicles. This decision reflects the growing demand and affordability of EVs in the province, as well as the need to ensure the

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Quebec is a leader in the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Canada and beyond. According to the latest data from Statistics Canada, Quebec had the highest number of EV registrations in the first quarter of 2022, with 7,522 vehicles. This accounted for 9.2% of the total new vehicle

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The economic heart of Quebec is the Montreal metropolitan area where half of Quebecers live. This region alone accounts for 53.4% of the province's gross domestic product (GDP), followed by the Quebec City metropolitan area (11.4%), Gatineau (3.2%), Sherbrooke (2.2%), Saguenay (1.9%) and

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Approximately 85% of Quebec exports are destined for the United States. Economic relations between Quebec and France are important: in 2008, approximately 17,000 Quebecers are employed in 470 French companies in Quebec, and 26,000 French people work in 154 Quebec companies in France.

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industry ranks second in exports, with shipments valued at almost $ 11 billion. It is also the main, and in some circumstances only, source of manufacturing activity in more than 250 municipalities in the province. The forest industry has slowed in recent years because of the

983:. The Bank of Montreal, founded in 1817 in Montreal, was Quebec's first bank but, like many other large banks, its central branch is now in Toronto. Several banks remain under Quebecois control, including the National Bank of Canada, the Desjardins Group and the Laurentian Bank. 1634:

in North America, stimulating competition between the different supply basins operated across the continent. In 2018, 86% of natural gas came from Dawn and 12% from Empress. The rest consists of injections of natural gas produced locally by the recovery of residual materials.

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Quebec is home to many engineering firms that operate locally and internationally, providing consulting, design, project management, and construction services to clients from different sectors and regions. Some of the largest and most prominent engineering firms in Quebec are

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In November 2022, Quebec exported mostly to United States (C$ 6.68B), China (C$ 309M), France (C$ 222M), Mexico (C$ 143M), and Germany (C$ 136M), and imported mostly from United States (C$ 3.06B), China (C$ 1.16B), Italy (C$ 378M), Germany (C$ 366M), and Brazil (C$ 309M).

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many neighbourhoods, including Chinatown, the Latin Quarter, the Gay Village, Little Italy, Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, the Quartier International and Old Montreal. Montreal has a rich architectural heritage, along with many cultural activities, sports events and festivals.

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These initiatives will help Quebec achieve its goal of developing its own complete domestic battery ecosystem and supporting clean technologies. Quebec is poised to become a leader in the EV industry and contribute to the global transition towards a low-carbon economy.

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With 381 companies and 24,550 employees in the pharmaceutical, research and development, manufacturing, and related sectors, the Quebec health industry is one of the most important economic stimuli of modern Quebec. With the presence of some 20 multinationals such as

547:. Since 2007, consumers pay a special tax on gasoline. Since July 2011, Quebec has imposed a carbon tax that affect more than 85% of industries in the province. This tax will be mandatory from 2013. The sectors affected by this carbon tax will have to reduce their 2098:. This industry employs 68,000 people in several regions of Quebec. This industry accounted for 3.1% of Quebec's GDP. In 2020, it accounted for 8% of Quebec's exports, nearly $ 12 billion of forest products each year, the second largest amount of any province. 367:. Quebec's economy has traditionally been fuelled by abundant natural resources, well-developed infrastructure, and average productivity. The provincial GDP in 2021 was C$ 504,5 billion, making Quebec the second largest economy in Canada after Ontario. 5197: 1629:

company, has been getting its supply at the Dawn reception point in southwestern Ontario, instead of at its previous main source the Empress intersection in Alberta. This change has occurred because of an increase in the non-traditional production of

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Tourism plays an important role in the economy of Quebec. Tourism represents 2.5% of Quebec's GDP and nearly 400,000 people are employed in the tourism sector. Nearly 30,000 businesses are related to this industry, of which 70% are located outside of

1564:, the TransÉnergie division operates the largest electricity transmission network in North America. Their network includes 34,361 km of lines and 17 interconnections with neighbouring markets, allowing for the export of 38.3 TWh in 2018 alone. 677:. It has major contractors, leading technical centres and world-class equipment manufacturers in this sector. Québec's aerospace industry employs over 36,000 people, mostly in the Montréal area, which is home to one of the world's largest aerospace 405:

helps to advance scientific knowledge and to train a new generation of students in various scientific and technological sectors. More than one million Quebecers work in the field of science and technology which represents more than 30% of Quebec's

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The combination of rich and easily arable soils and relatively warm climate make the St. Lawrence River Valley Quebec's most prolific agricultural area. Throughout the province, there are 29,380 farm enterprises and 42,265 farmers. It produces

843:, one of the oldest and biggest game development studios in the world, opened in the province in 1997 as an expansion to Ubisoft's early France-based operations. Behaviour was another early key player in the Quebec gaming industry in the '90s. 611:, the province's investment arm, acts as a venture capitalist and provides substantial backing for critical mineral projects, giving a vote of confidence and enticing private capital. The province's battery sector development strategy, the 3956: 923:

region. Since then, the engineering industry in Quebec has evolved and diversified, offering a wide range of services and expertise in various fields such as transportation, energy, environment, construction, and manufacturing.

2177:(WTO) and the NAFTA, Quebec is increasing its ability to compete internationally. Following these agreements, trade relations with other countries were boosted. As a result, Quebec has seen its exports increase significantly. 573:

registrations in the province. Quebec was followed by Ontario, with 5,688 EV registrations (4.2% of total) and British Columbia, with 5,385 EV registrations (12.5% of total). The latter number includes the territories.

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to the province by investing more than $ 514 million over the next five years (2023-2028). This will increase the accessibility and convenience of EV charging for drivers and reduce range anxiety across the province.

858:, is home to a thriving AI ecosystem that includes the world's largest concentration of academic researchers in deep learning at Mila, the Quebec artificial intelligence institute. Led by renowned experts such as 349: 1777:

Quebec sells its products to the Eastern and Asian markets in such large quantities that China is now the second country (after the United States) that imports the most Quebec products with 4% of Quebec exports.

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has confirmed its joining Canada's EV battery manufacturing ecosystem with a 170-hectare, $ 7-billion, 60 GWh-capacity site, enough to power roughly one million EVs a year, that will provide 3,000 jobs in the

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In Quebec, agricultural activities generated $ 9.1 billion in product sales revenue. The regions of Montérégie (30%), Chaudière-Appalaches (18%), and Centre-du-Québec (14%), account for 61% of total revenue.

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consistently seeks new opportunities and addresses challenges. With a proud history and a focus on achievements, it maintains an optimistic and forward-looking approach, envisioning a promising future.

652:. Copper foils are a core, high-value component in EV batteries, and this new installation will yet again reinforce Canada and Quebec's position as a key destination for the future of EV manufacturing. 3168: 577:

high EV market share can be attributed to several factors, such as its abundant hydroelectricity, its rich mineral resources, its strong government support, and its competitive fuel economy and cost.

3335: 3720: 914:, have established themselves as leading centers for AI research. These institutions have been instrumental in nurturing top AI talent, which has played a crucial role in the industry's growth. 5142: 5106: 5043: 4227: 991:

Quebec's ground transportation industry generated $ 7.2 billion in revenue at the beginning of 2004. It employs some 35,000 people and includes major original equipment manufacturers such as

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The Quebec government has been actively promoting the adoption of EVs in the province and has allocated new funds for EV charging infrastructure and battery supply chain development.

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with an average potential for growth. It is highly integrated with the economies of the rest of Canada and the United States. Manufacturing and service sectors dominate the economy.

5137: 5101: 5038: 423: 59: 3829: 753:, it gives companies access to a market of about 500 million consumers worldwide. Various international organisations have established their headquarters in Quebec, notably the 6309: 457: 1553: 6471: 4951: 453: 2095: 560:

has openly criticized Quebec's plan to set GHG standards for motor vehicles sold in the province, describing it as "lunatic". However, ten months later, Prentice successor,

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sustainability of the program. However, the government has also allocated new funds for EV charging infrastructure and building out the province's EV battery supply chain.

6515: 3905: 2945: 3312: 2956: 414:, Quebec has one of the highest growth rate of GDP in Canada. The knowledge sector represents about 31% of Quebec's GDP. In 2011, Quebec experienced faster growth of its 4551: 6466: 6128: 5461: 3540: 1440:, which is the oldest museum in Canada and one of the most important art institutions. It is Montreal's largest museum and is amongst the most prominent in Canada. 6133: 980: 1290:. Pfizer's legacy in developing small molecules, vaccines, and biologics extends across diverse therapeutic areas, from oncology to rare diseases and immunology. 750: 402: 55: 6183: 4600: 940: 522: 3628: 3172: 1688:. In Quebec, agricultural land accounts for only 2% of the province's total land area. In France, the figure is 58%, whereas in the United States, it is 45%. 1459:

on the occasion of its 100th anniversary. Quebec has over 130 church and Cathedrals. All of which bear witness to the many origins that colonized the region.

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spending. It has close ties with universities, technical colleges and research centres that train and support the next generation of aerospace professionals.

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North of the St. Lawrence River Valley, the territory of Quebec has significant resources in its coniferous forests, lakes, and rivers. These include pulp,

1029:, it is the third largest port in northeastern North America. Annual revenues of about $ 2 billion are created, along with 17,600 direct and indirect jobs. 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 2934: 3041: 1502:. In 2008, electricity (more than 99% of which came from renewable energy sources) ranked as the main form of energy used in Quebec (41.6%), followed by 3724: 4349: 4154: 1456: 819: 758: 3957:"A major step forward for the local EV battery production chain - Volta Energy Solutions launches Canada's first copper foil plant in Granby, Quebec" 2976: 4433: 2138:, around 200 exploration firms, and 12 primary processing plants. In 2010 the value of mineral shipments from the province was about $ 6.8 billion. 1424:

The province of Quebec has 22 tourist regions, each of which presents its geography, its history and culture. The capital, Quebec City, is the only

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Quebec has eight deepwater ports for merchandise shipping, and in 2003 9.7 million tons of merchandise was carried by 3,886 cargo ships through the

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For 2022-23, Quebec's budget was C$ 22 billion. This budget planned to provide $ 8,9 billion more to the healthcare sector over 5 years. Like most

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in North America and has its own European cachet. The oldest Francophone city in North America, Quebec City was named a World Heritage Site by

4635: 1448: 1401: 2173:(NAFTA), grants Quebec, among other things, the access to a market of 130 million consumers within 1,000 kilometres (620 mi). With the 1397: 745:

have a significant presence in and around the city. Since Montreal is located in the heart of a vast free trade zone governed by the former

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sourcing strategies have varied over time and have depended on market conditions. In the 1990s, Quebec purchased much of its oil from the

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is a province that has embraced artificial intelligence as a key driver of innovation and economic growth. Its financial capital city,

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across the province. This is the largest pilot test of electric cars in Canada. Quebec was the first province in Canada to allow the

6255: 4324: 3906:"EcoProBM, SK On, Ford Investing in Québec; Building Cathode Plant to Solidify EV supply chain in North America | Ford Media Center" 2942: 2419: 1121: 906:. Quebec's AI industry benefits from a strong foundation in academic excellence. Several world-renowned universities, including the 444: 5275: 4992: 4054: 1417:. In 2011, Quebec welcomed 26 million foreign tourists, most of them from the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, 6668: 6299: 6103: 5074: 3762: 3650: 3224: 3092: 2153:, in the Montérégie region, is the hub of the North American markets in the agro-alimentary, veterinary and environmental fields. 1306:

boasts a significant Quebec presence through its divisions, including Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., with headquarters in

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The Finance, insurance, real estate and leasing industry employs 218,000 people, including the largest money manager in Canada,

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and is the 2nd biggest hydroelectricity producer in the world (2019) Because of this, Quebec has been described as a potential

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average of 1.8%. The percentage spent on research and technology is the highest in Canada and higher than the averages for the

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is the second biggest container handling port in Canada. Located on one of the largest navigable rivers in the world, the

418:(R&D) spending than other Canadian provinces. Quebec's spending in R&D in 2021 was equal to C$ 4.1B or, above the 6037: 6027: 6626: 6533: 1193: 476: 6063: 4898: 3118: 907: 686: 615:, aims to develop a comprehensive battery supply chain in Quebec by acting as a catalyst for the sector's value chain. 6743: 6456: 6319: 6291: 6083: 4596: 2735: 2493: 2363: 791: 697:. Québec's aerospace industry is recognized for its innovative drive and creativity. It invests over $ 700 million in 6773: 4573: 4036: 1463:

working in over 34,000 businesses. Quebec is listed among the top 20 best tourist destinations in the world, and the

1084: 4984: 4975: 3139: 6864: 6703: 6563: 6386: 6332: 6120: 4552:"The Government of Canada Commemorates the National Historic Significance of Saint Joseph's Oratory of Mount Royal" 3624: 2931: 598: 536: 487: 3490: 3052: 1567: 1103: 1088: 6573: 6510: 6342: 4621: 4530:"Religious and spiritual tourism in Québec: an action plan for marketing the four national sanctuaries of Québec" 3625:"Quebec champions electric cars Decade-long plan encourages Quebecers to consider investing in electric vehicles" 2289: 1452: 1139: 992: 722: 3880: 6260: 6250: 6032:

Polese, Mario. "Quebec's Entrepreneurial Revolution and the Reinvention of Montreal: Why and How It Happened."

4923: 4834: 2321: 2216: 2212: 2174: 939:. These two firms have been involved in some of the most iconic and complex projects in the world, such as the 702: 698: 618:

Quebec has also attracted several major investments from global players in the battery industry. For instance,

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boasts a wide array of airlines, manufacturers, and international organizations. It hosts the headquarters of

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have announced that they will build a C$ 1.2 billion ($ 887 million) plant to produce EV battery materials in

608: 4411: 3986: 6783: 6763: 6396: 6245: 2381: 2086: 2059: 1975: 1897: 1715: 1483: 391: 341: 4228:"SNC-Lavalin secures Delivery Partner role for THE LINE, NEOM's flagship urban development in Saudi Arabia" 4176: 3777: 2082:. More than half of Quebec (nearly 900,000 km2) is covered in forests, a size nearly twice that of Sweden. 2043: 1910: 1008: 6593: 6525: 6488: 6424: 6076: 2973: 2791: 2703: 2647: 2475: 2055: 2047: 1988: 1949: 1884: 1135: 964: 960: 678: 72: 4437: 1962: 6696: 6434: 6371: 5414: 4529: 4485: 2586: 2554: 2063: 2001: 1923: 1871: 1858: 1810: 1015: 628: 4988: 3388: 3079: 2039: 1936: 1214:

The computer services, software development, and consulting branch employs 60,000 specialized workers.

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production is almost completely absent from Quebec, except for a few power stations exploiting forest

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Quebec is home to over 280 studios, making it one of the top five game development hubs in the world.

6608: 6495: 5253: 4864: 3855:"Quebec government to invest $ 514M in electric vehicle charging stations - Montreal | Globalnews.ca" 2158:

4.22B), and wood; coniferous species, other than of... (C$ 2.65B) were Quebec's top exports in 2021.

2134:. The province's first diamond mine is scheduled to commence operations in 2016. The province has 27 1795: 1380: 1352: 1142:

52% is managed in Quebec with 61% of available funds invested in technology. Sectors of note include

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to encourage game development in the province, the study notes that the province's links to both the

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Coleman, William D. "The Political Economy of Quebec." in Wallace Clement and Glen Williams, eds.

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countries. Approximately 1.1 million Quebecers work in the field of science and technology.

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2012–2013, is now resting at 38.1 in 2022, and is projected to decline to 34% in 2023–2024. The

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Comparing Quebec and Ontario: Political Economy and Public Policy at the Turn of the Millennium

5096: 6719: 6661: 6585: 6483: 6446: 6412: 6376: 6111: 5004: 4876: 3830:"Minister Wilkinson Announces Federal Investment for Over 1,500 New EV Chargers Across Quebec" 3520: 2895: 2675: 2549: 2331: 1751: 1521: 1444: 1392: 1383:, Montreal ranks eighth in North America for the number of jobs in the pharmaceutical sector. 1287: 1197: 1037: 911: 411: 371: 353: 112: 5070: 4252: 805:), there are many more that are independent or locally owned, including Behaviour, Sabotage ( 6809: 6632: 6568: 6478: 6429: 4996: 3202: 3023: 2890: 2208: 2131: 1727: 1514: 1499: 1331: 1307: 1275: 1235: 1151: 1022: 952: 883: 863: 840: 836: 518: 499: 315: 3931:"BASF acquires site for North American battery materials and recycling expansion in Canada" 2162:

Petroleum spirit for motor vehicles (C$ 2.18B), and Medicaments nes, in dosage (C$ 1.83B).

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are the most popular religious site in the province. In 2005, the Oratory was added to the

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Here are Quebec's largest companies based on market capitalization as of December 2023:

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Approximately 30 minerals are mined, with the most important being iron, gold, nickel,

2090: 1767: 1711: 1599: 1425: 1348: 1323: 1267: 1189: 956: 649: 553: 548: 468: 419: 189: 5432: 3096: 2146: 717:(the world's third largest aircraft manufacturer). Additionally, jet engine companies 348:

Trois-Rivières (1.8%). In total, Quebec's GDP at market prices was CAD 381 billion or

311: 6858: 6842: 6441: 4011: 3362: 3281: 2877: 2447: 2326: 1762: 1603: 1572: 1299: 1231: 859: 828: 636: 624: 461: 394:(S&P) rated Quebec as an AA− credit risk, surpassing Ontario for the first time. 383: 379: 184: 5016: 6642: 6603: 6209: 4622:"Aperçu du marché : Le Canada, deuxième producteur mondial d'hydroélectricité" 1703: 1518: 1319: 887: 875: 807: 786: 557: 507: 483: 397: 325: 3437: 1561: 5938: 5888: 5613: 4828: 3000:, Québec, Institut de la statistique du Québec, 2023, retrieved February 23, 2023 6214: 5988: 5963: 5863: 5738: 2614: 2581: 2531: 2240: 2236: 1707: 1693: 1675: 1595: 1587: 1583: 1541: 1529: 1507: 1475: 1464: 1414: 1283: 1185: 1158: 1073: 1049: 1045: 682: 532: 375: 204: 39: 5838: 5813: 5788: 5763: 5713: 5688: 5663: 5638: 5563: 5538: 5513: 4969:

Mongrain, Danielle; Couture, Luc; Comeau, André (2000). "Natural occurrence of

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Québec, Institut de la statistique du Québec, 2021, retrieved February 23, 2023

1060:. The last four ports specialise in handling bulk cargo and heavy merchandise. 604:

an attractive destination for EV battery manufacturing and related activities.

6337: 5913: 5588: 5302:"L'industrie forestière innove pour lutter contre les changements climatiques" 4273: 2867: 2753: 2731: 2521: 2465: 2359: 2220: 1816: 1719: 1626: 1147: 928: 824: 801: 710: 544: 387: 330: 5008: 2983:, Québec, Institut de la statistique du Québec, 2009, retrieved May 17, 2009. 1625:

transmission network. Since 2016, Quebec's main natural gas distributor, the

1326:, a global biopharmaceutical juggernaut, maintains two critical divisions in 473:

Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Québec

467:

Since 2006, Quebec has a green plan in order to achieve the objective of the

6637: 4902: 2563: 2437: 2303: 2204: 1820: 1685: 1669: 1665: 1631: 1622: 1557: 1204: 899: 619: 511: 158: 93: 1853:

Recommended varieties and their dates of harvest/availability to consumers

5033: 517:

On November 23, 2009, Premier Jean Charest announced targets for reducing

486:

since 1994, including contributing financing for technologies such as the

410:

Quebec's economy has undergone tremendous changes. Firmly grounded in the

2842: 2814: 2786: 2763: 2758: 2726: 2721: 2698: 2670: 2642: 2637: 2526: 2498: 2470: 2442: 2414: 2409: 2386: 2349: 2294: 2224: 2187:

Several prominent Quebec companies work within the international market:

2115: 1758: 1615: 1607: 1591: 1576: 1525: 1498:

Unlike most other regions of the world, Quebec stands out for its use of

1479: 1471: 1410: 1372: 1364: 1335: 1303: 1279: 1263: 1181: 1166: 1162: 1033: 1000: 936: 895: 879: 867: 855: 734: 706: 694: 674: 5252:(in French). Conseil de l'industrie forestière du Québec. Archived from 1180:

in 2003. Some 11,000 people work for game development companies such as

5000: 4934: 4932: 4350:"Moderna coming to Laval: A turning point for the life sciences sector" 4080: 2847: 2819: 2619: 2503: 2391: 2196: 2127: 1774:

various food preparations, and various agricultural and food products.

1598:. Since 2015, it now consumes almost exclusively the crude produced in 1537: 1368: 1360: 1318:

Canada Inc., a generic drug manufacturing subsidiary with an office in

1311: 1291: 1259: 1217:

The microelectronics sector has 110 companies employing 12,900 people.

813: 775: 670: 261: 194: 3093:"Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory" 2089:

generates annual shipments valued at more than $ 14 billion. The

1270:, have strategically established their roots within Quebec's borders. 669:

Québec is one of the world's top three aerospace capitals, along with

6381: 6219: 6099: 4459: 3881:"Northvolt reaches deal on a $ 7-billion Quebec battery cell factory" 3721:"Montréal a identifié ses sites de compostage et de biométhanisation" 3603:"Québec dévoile son plan d'action en matière de transport électrique" 2885: 2665: 2135: 2079: 1611: 1487: 1429: 1418: 1356: 1327: 1315: 1295: 1271: 1255: 1247: 1018:. The income created by this traffic is over $ 90 million per annum. 996: 891: 851: 832: 770: 690: 495: 233: 199: 168: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4751:"Les Québécois sceptiques sur l'issue de la COP26, selon un sondage" 1157:

Some 10,000 people work for 115 telecommunication companies such as

4155:"Why Montreal Has Emerged As An Artificial Intelligence Powerhouse" 6068: 4132:"How Montreal became the world's leading AI and deep learning hub" 3581:"Émissions de GES des véhicules: Ottawa et Washington s'entendent" 2809: 2591: 2145: 2075: 1804: 1661: 1657: 1642: 1566: 1396: 1227: 527: 452: 396: 324: 310: 270: 256: 172: 3778:"The Daily — New motor vehicle registrations, third quarter 2022" 5489:"Québec's international merchandise exports up in December 2022" 3363:"The Benefits of Investing in Québec Research & Development" 2123: 2119: 1761:

plays an important role in the economy of Quebec, with meat and

1681: 1653: 1274:

stands tall in Quebec with its Canadian headquarters nestled in

948: 644: 506:

car to drive on the roads. During the inaugural speech of 2011,

503: 6692: 6072: 4720: 4718: 4201: 4105: 3987:"Québec is one of the global leaders in the aerospace industry" 3487:"La ZENN sur les routes du Québec: 125 km/h dès l'automne 2009" 4863:

Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., eds. (December 1990).

2126:. The province is also the world's second-largest producer of 1503: 1067: 903: 839:, help make it a natural location for expansion. For example, 510:

announced five priorities for the next 30 years including the

5397:"Niobium (Columbium) and Tantalum Statistics and Information" 5278:. Conseil de l'industrie forestière du Québec. Archived from 3699:"GES: les consommateurs devront payer plus, reconnaît Québec" 1467:

is the only fortified city in North America north of Mexico.

1138:

employed over 100,000 workers in 2008. Of the total Canadian

5073:. Pesticide Risk Reduction Program, Pest Management Centre, 3804:"Canada's ZEV registrations exceeded 10 per cent in Q4 2022" 3195:"Quebec credit rating surpasses Ontario for first time ever" 613:

Stratégie québécoise de développement de la filière batterie

5789:"iA Financial Corporation Inc (IAG) Stock Price & News" 5539:"Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc (ATD) Stock Price & News" 5514:"Canadian National Railway Co (CNR) Stock Price & News" 5378: 3776:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (24 January 2023).

3338:(in French). La Presse Affaire, Cyberpresse. Archived from 1841:

are grown here, the highest for any province or territory.

1524:. In 2019, Quebec's electricity production amounted to 214 427: 6043:

Whitmore, Johanne; Pineau, Pierre-Olivier (January 2020).

5689:"Power Corporation of Canada (POW) Stock Price & News" 5487:

Québec, Institut de la statistique du (24 February 2023).

3981: 3979: 3977: 1436:

The province of Quebec has over 400 museums including the

1203:

Montreal has two major creators of 3D animation software:

681:. It also has a strong presence in other regions, such as 5939:"Bombardier, Inc. Class B (BBD.B) Stock Price & News" 5198:"Encore "dix ans difficiles" pour l'industrie forestière" 4636:"Le Québec, la puissance énergétique verte du continent?" 3460:"Voitures électriques: un plan d'action dévoilé sous peu" 564:, has praised Quebec as a world leader in GHG abatement. 543:

Quebec became the first region in North America to set a

490:, an electric motor designed and manufactured in Quebec. 4973:

on adult wheat midge and transmission to wheat spikes".

4508:"Museums and heritage sites The past is alive and well!" 3513:"LUne quinzaine de promesses de la part de Jean Charest" 3119:"Net debt of governments in Canada as at March 31, 2022" 2180:

Exports for the year 2022 were 4.5% higher than in 2021

1544:

generators which supply some twenty remote communities.

482:

The Quebec government has been working to introduce the

5989:"Lightspeed Commerce Inc (LSPD) Stock Price & News" 4385:. Gouvernement du Québec. 31 March 2011. Archived from 1621:

The natural gas consumed in Quebec arrives through the

1602:

and the United States. Quebec's two active refineries (

5138:

Strawberry and Raspberry Growers Association of Quebec

5102:

Strawberry and Raspberry Growers Association of Quebec

5039:

Strawberry and Raspberry Growers Association of Quebec

523:

United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen

424:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

5864:"Snc-Lavalin Group Inc (ATRL) Stock Price & News" 5739:"TFI International Inc (TFII) Stock Price & News" 5589:"National Bank of Canada (NA) Stock Price & News" 5379:"Ministère de l'Énergie et des Ressources naturelles" 5354:"Québec Economy — Mining Industry and Sustainability" 4954:(Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International) 3541:"Discours inaugural: les 5 priorités de Jean Charest" 1801:

are present here. Individually they can be severe on

1338:

serves as a pivotal research and development center.

701:

annually, which represents 70% of Canada's aerospace

5839:"Gildan Activewear Inc (GIL) Stock Price & News" 4177:"History of Engineering | The Canadian Encyclopedia" 4055:"Greater Montréal - 5th video game hub in the world" 1478:, although a sizeable number also visit the city of 6792: 6731: 6584: 6524: 6411: 6358: 6273: 6232: 6192: 6119: 6110: 4595:Quebec Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife. 1680:(of which Quebec is the world's largest producer), 282: 277: 248: 227: 211: 178: 152: 136: 131: 123: 108: 91: 81: 71: 66: 49: 37: 26: 4901:. Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Archived from 4858: 4856: 4854: 4325:"The video game explosion | Investissement Québec" 3763:"Le ministre Baird lance des fleurs aux provinces" 5462:"Portail Québec, Importation et exportation 2008" 5455: 5453: 4833:Trees, insects and diseases of Canada's forests ( 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4016:McGill Institute for Aerospace Engineering (MIAE) 3255:(in French). Government of Quebec. Archived from 3024:"Few bumps in la belle province's recession ride" 1298:as the site for its first-ever plant outside the 458:Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie National Park 5460:Quebec Institute of statistic & al. (2009). 4037:"The Biggest Global Aviation/Aerospace Clusters" 3169:"Dette: le Québec, cancre d'une classe surdouée" 4253:"Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort, Singapore" 3140:"Canadian Federal and Provincial Fiscal Tables" 935:(formerly SNC- Lavalin), both headquartered in 552:by the federal government under Prime minister 363:, the economy of Quebec is based mainly on the 4877:U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service 4774: 4736: 4724: 4709: 4697: 4660: 1556:division, with its main facilities located in 514:and called for a revolution in electric cars. 403:Institut national de la recherche scientifique 6704: 6084: 5889:"Quebecor Inc (QBR.B) Stock Price & News" 5664:"WSP Global Inc (WSP) Stock Price & News" 5226:. Corridors de commerce FCCQ. February 2006. 4869:USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station 4434:"TOURISTES97 ET DÉPENSES DES TOURISTES, 2008" 3515:. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. 3489:(in French). Branchezvous.com. Archived from 3282:"L'expertise québécoise en haute technologie" 1482:in the west, which forms part of the federal 8: 5639:"Dollarama Inc (DOL) Stock Price & News" 5437:OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity 4924:"Profil et impact de la production laitière" 3430:"Moteur-roue: Volvo dans les traces d'Hydro" 3336:"L'économie du savoir en mutation au Québec" 2223:power distributor, Cossette marketing firm, 1826:Strawberry and Raspberry Growers Association 1150:software, computer services and consulting, 299:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in 18: 4460:"Arrondissement historique du Vieux-Québec" 4372: 4370: 3428:Francoeur, Louis-Gilles (15 January 2009). 1102:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 6711: 6697: 6689: 6417: 6364: 6279: 6238: 6116: 6091: 6077: 6069: 6019:(McGill-Queen's UP, 1989) pp. 160–79. 5964:"Nuvei Corp (NVEI) Stock Price & News" 4674:"Notre énergie est propre et renouvelable" 2943:Profils économiques par pays et territoire 1582:As Quebec has few significant deposits of 1011:, and many suppliers and sub-contractors. 835:, as well as high standards of living and 5764:"Saputo Inc (SAP) Stock Price & News" 5166: 5164: 3748:"GES des véhicules: Québec crie victoire" 3250:"Le Québec : une économie dynamique" 3201:. Postmedia. 16 June 2017. Archived from 1457:List of National Historic Sites of Canada 1209:Autodesk Media and Entertainment Division 1122:Learn how and when to remove this message 759:International Civil Aviation Organization 5914:"Air Canada (AC) Stock Price & News" 5714:"Metro Inc (MRU) Stock Price & News" 5614:"CGI Inc (GIB.A) Stock Price & News" 5464:. Gouvernement du Québec. Archived from 5034:"Cueillette de fraises et de framboises" 4274:"Engineering global high-rise landmarks" 3311:(in French). LeDevoir online newspaper. 3225:"Perspective revue d'analyse économique" 2974:Le Québec chiffres en main, édition 2009 2932:Comparaisons économiques internationales 2257: 1851: 5071:"Crop Profile for Strawberry in Canada" 3149:. Royal Bank of Canada. 14 January 2020 2923: 2275:Market Capitalization (CAD) (Billions) 1766:biggest amount of farms engaged in the 1036:, other deepwater ports are located in 755:International Air Transport Association 6036:(American Enterprise Institute, 2020) 5814:"Cae Inc (CAE) Stock Price & News" 5564:"BCE Inc (BCE) Stock Price & News" 3518: 3095:. Government of Canada. Archived from 3042:"Institut de la statistique du Québec" 1330:. Merck Canada Inc., headquartered in 1176:The multimedia sector was enhanced by 981:Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec 17: 5415:"Titanium Statistics and Information" 3307:Sauvé, Mathieu-Robert (19 May 2010). 3091:Statistics Canada (4 November 2010). 2993: 2991: 2989: 713:(the flagship airline of Canada) and 7: 6017:The New Canadian Political Economy. 5493:Institut de la Statistique du Québec 5173:"Forestry in Quebec: By the Numbers" 4574:"A uniquely North-American Heritage" 4379:Le tourisme en chiffres édition 2010 3673:"GES: feu vert au plan de réduction" 2243:engineering and construction group, 1100:adding citations to reliable sources 498:in order to gradually introduce the 6064:Quebec's Institut de la statistique 6026:(University of Toronto Press 2015) 5224:"CRISE dans l'industrie forestière" 3879:Jarratt, Emma (28 September 2023). 3436:(in French). Canada. Archived from 2954:Tableaux comparatifs par indicateur 2908:Canada's Global Markets Action Plan 2171:North American Free Trade Agreement 1453:Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal 747:North American Free Trade Agreement 449:Plug-in electric vehicles in Quebec 5200:. Abitibi expresse. Archived from 4597:"Consommation d'énergie par forme" 3802:Jarratt, Emma (13 February 2023). 3631:from the original on 10 April 2011 3315:from the original on 8 August 2011 1809:, but even moreso, the midge is a 1154:and components. Its largest city, 635:and Korean companies EcoProBM and 14: 5230:from the original on 14 July 2011 3765:(in French). Radio-Canada online. 3746:Chouinard, Tommy (1 April 2010). 3485:Crépault, Michel (24 July 2008). 3309:"Une cible de 3% pour la science" 2420:Information Technology Consulting 1838:36% of the country's strawberries 1513:Quebec produces most of Canada's 1314:location. Quebec is also home to 494:has recently tested more than 50 445:List of protected areas of Quebec 6836: 6823: 6822: 6046:État de llénergie au Québec 2020 5276:"Portraits forestiers régionaux" 5250:"Portraits forestiers régionaux" 5075:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 4642:from the original on 6 July 2011 4603:from the original on 6 July 2011 4599:(in French). Quebec Government. 4484:. QuebecOriginal. Archived from 4295:"Program and Project Management" 3955:Canada, Volta Energy Solutions. 3409:(in French). Radio-Canada online 3369:from the original on 27 May 2011 3288:from the original on 27 May 2011 3051:. 3 October 2010. Archived from 2870: 1449:Basilique Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré 1438:Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal 1072: 5069:Elmhirst, Janice (April 2005). 4795:"L'agriculture au Québec – UPA" 4153:High, Peter (6 November 2017). 4130:Lindeman, Tracey (9 May 2017). 4012:"Montreal's Aerospace Industry" 3723:. Journal Métro. Archived from 3334:Le Cours, Rudy (30 July 2010). 2913:Free trade agreements of Canada 1823:growers are represented by the 1744:Armillaria ostoyae root disease 439:Environmental and energy policy 318:headquarters in Old Montreal's 4985:Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd 4976:Cereal Research Communications 4634:Séguin, Hugo (13 April 2010). 4181:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 3651:"Le Québec, société distincte" 2227:media and telecommunications, 1726:the greatest impact is due to 1: 5308:(in French). 30 November 2021 4947:(orange wheat blossom midge)" 4482:"Montréal: City of festivals" 3407:"Québec atteint son objectif" 3171:. Cyberpresse. Archived from 2229:Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton 1294:, a biotech firm, has chosen 1278:, alongside other offices in 148:interprovincial: 38,7 % 5334:(in French). 28 October 2020 4436:. Gouv.qc.ca. Archived from 4085:Canada's Video Game Industry 3750:– via www.lapresse.ca. 3653:. Radio-Canada. 7 April 2011 1470:The most visited cities are 1246:The biotechnology sector in 945:Réseau express métropolitain 477:Mont-Tremblant National Park 223:interprovincial: 33,7 % 146:international: 61,3 % % 3828:Canada, Natural Resources. 2494:Power Corporation of Canada 965:Taiwan High Speed Rail line 733:, flight simulator builder 556:. In 2010, former minister 266:United Kingdom (7.9 %) 254:United States (31.1 %) 6881: 6564:Notable people from Quebec 4865:"Silvics of North America" 4775:Whitmore & Pineau 2020 4737:Whitmore & Pineau 2020 4725:Whitmore & Pineau 2020 4710:Whitmore & Pineau 2020 4698:Whitmore & Pineau 2020 4661:Whitmore & Pineau 2020 3701:. Cyberpresse. 6 July 2011 3080:"Québec dépose son budget" 3022:Scofield, Heather (2009). 2207:information technologies, 2195:pulp and paper producers, 1788:Orange Wheat Blossom Midge 1390: 1254:Global players, including 941:Samuel De Champlain Bridge 737:, helicopter manufacturer 599:Battery industry in Quebec 596: 442: 221:international: 66,3 % 6818: 6759:Newfoundland and Labrador 6655: 6420: 6367: 6310:Leaders of the Opposition 6282: 6241: 5149:(in French). 17 June 2019 5050:(in French). 28 June 2022 4899:"Agri-Food Trade Service" 3525:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3284:. Investissement Québec. 2290:Canadian National Railway 296: 292:$ 219.0 billion CAD(2021) 5113:(in French). 8 June 2022 4871:. Agriculture Handbook. 4835:Natural Resources Canada 4638:(in French). Équiterre. 3885:Electric Autonomy Canada 3808:Electric Autonomy Canada 2322:Alimentation Couche-Tard 2251:Largest Quebec companies 2247:brewery, and many more. 2235:dairy and food company, 2203:transport manufacturer, 2175:World Trade Organization 1402:Notre-Dame-des-Victoires 749:(NAFTA), now called the 535:EV engine bay featuring 416:research-and-development 361:industrialized countries 6034:AEI Paper & Studies 3991:wwwiq.azurewebsites.net 3361:Investissement Québec. 2792:Aerospace manufacturing 2648:Aerospace manufacturing 2382:National Bank of Canada 2096:softwood lumber dispute 2087:pulp and paper industry 1722:are most severe. Among 1716:Forest tent caterpillar 1484:National Capital Region 1238:, and related sectors. 1140:venture capital funding 847:Artificial Intelligence 687:Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean 660:Most productive sectors 471:on climate change. The 382:of Quebec is currently 5077:. A118-10/17-2005E-PDF 4945:Sitodiplosis mosellana 4354:Montréal International 4059:Montréal International 3679:. Canada. 7 April 2011 3049:Gouvernement du Québec 2704:Engineering Consulting 2476:Engineering Consulting 2269:Headquarters Location 2154: 1754:are also significant. 1648: 1579: 1405: 1136:information technology 1064:Information technology 961:One World Trade Center 908:Université de Montréal 540: 464: 407: 390:agency. In June 2017, 333: 322: 6800:Northwest Territories 6724:province or territory 6559:Language demographics 3627:. CBC. 7 April 2011. 2149: 1647:A cornfield in Quebec 1646: 1570: 1400: 1353:Johnson & Johnson 1016:Saint Lawrence Seaway 1009:Komatsu International 823:). Besides lucrative 725:, defence contractor 629:Saint-Basile-le-Grand 609:Investissement Québec 531: 456: 400: 392:Standard & Poor's 328: 314: 219:services: 24.5 % 144:services: 24.3 % 6774:Prince Edward Island 6305:Lieutenant Governors 5282:on 10 September 2007 4971:Fusarium graminearum 4755:Le Journal de Québec 4412:"Tourisme au Québec" 4329:www.investquebec.com 3782:www150.statcan.gc.ca 3547:on 26 February 2011. 3440:on 25 September 2008 2215:convenience stores, 1796:Fusarium graminearum 1381:Bristol-Myers Squibb 1221:Optics and photonics 1096:improve this section 1027:Saint Lawrence River 870:AI Research (FAIR), 593:Battery supply chain 268:Germany (4.0 %) 250:Main import partners 180:Main export partners 6633:Saint-Jean-Baptiste 6549:Demographic history 6287:Electoral districts 6193:Historic identities 4043:. 11 November 2015. 3405:Presse Canadienne. 3365:. IQ Investquebec. 3230:. caisse desjardins 3058:on 4 November 2010. 2838:Lightspeed Commerce 2259: 2142:Imports and exports 1854: 1547:The public company 1534:Thermal electricity 719:Pratt & Whitney 374:peaked at 50.7% in 340:is diversified and 104:6.2% (January 2023) 87:CAD$ 52,384 (2018) 77:CAD$ 504,5B (2021) 51:Trade organisations 45:April 1 to March 31 23: 6534:Indigenous peoples 6320:National Assembly 6292:Executive Council 6205:Province of Quebec 6129:Prehistory to 1533 5468:on 16 October 2014 5256:on 25 January 2010 5001:10.1007/bf03543590 4956:. 17 November 2021 4839:. 31 December 2013 3099:on 15 January 2011 2979:2011-05-15 at the 2959:2006-12-29 at the 2948:2009-08-24 at the 2937:2009-08-31 at the 2901:Economy of Ontario 2736:Telecommunications 2610:iA Financial Group 2364:Telecommunications 2332:Convenience Stores 2258: 2155: 2020:until mid-October 2008:until mid-October 1852: 1849:for the province: 1759:agri-food industry 1748:Hardwood Trunk Rot 1649: 1580: 1406: 1144:telecommunications 872:Microsoft Research 731:L-3 Communications 723:Rolls-Royce Canada 541: 465: 408: 334: 323: 217:goods: 75.5 % 215:C$ 234,7B (2021) 142:goods: 75.7 % 6865:Economy of Quebec 6852: 6851: 6843:Canada portal 6720:Economy of Canada 6686: 6685: 6651: 6650: 6627:La Belle Province 6407: 6406: 6354: 6353: 6328:Political parties 6300:General elections 6269: 6268: 6228: 6227: 4488:on 15 August 2010 4314:Statistics Canada 3175:on 12 August 2011 2896:Economy of Canada 2861: 2860: 2666:Gildan Activewear 2550:TFI International 2231:accounting firm, 2130:and the third of 2024: 2023: 1522:energy superpower 1447:destination. The 1445:religious tourism 1443:Quebec is also a 1393:Tourism in Quebec 1198:Eidos Interactive 1132: 1131: 1124: 912:McGill University 568:Electric vehicles 500:charging stations 434:Economic policies 412:knowledge economy 386:according to the 372:debt-to-GDP ratio 338:economy of Quebec 309: 308: 140:C$ 223,3B (2021) 110:Population below 6872: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6826: 6825: 6744:British Columbia 6713: 6706: 6699: 6690: 6671: 6664: 6574:English-speaking 6539:Census divisions 6418: 6365: 6346: 6345:(administrative) 6323: 6295: 6280: 6239: 6200:Colony of Canada 6117: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6070: 6053: 6051: 6022:Haddow, Rodney. 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5171:Action, Canada. 5168: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5146: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5110: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5047: 5030: 5024: 5020: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4936: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4860: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4825: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4791: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4576:. QuebecOriginal 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4510:. QuebecOriginal 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4391: 4384: 4374: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3983: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3727:on July 27, 2011 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3583:. Cyberpresse.ca 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3561:. Cyberpresse.ca 3555: 3549: 3548: 3543:. Archived from 3537: 3531: 3530: 3524: 3516: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3493:on 7 August 2010 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3466:on 17 March 2012 3462:. Archived from 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3229: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3147:Economic Reports 3144: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3088: 3082: 3077: 3071: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2984: 2970: 2964: 2928: 2891:Quiet Revolution 2880: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2260: 2209:Cirque du Soleil 2132:titanium dioxide 2032: 2031: 1855: 1840: 1839: 1828: 1827: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1799: 1790: 1789: 1728:Eutypella canker 1697: 1696: 1679: 1678: 1515:hydroelectricity 1500:renewable energy 1236:image processing 1152:microelectronics 1127: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1107: 1076: 1068: 1044:, as well as in 1023:Port of Montreal 953:Marina Bay Sands 884:Samsung Research 841:Ubisoft Montreal 837:multiculturalism 817:) and Manavoid ( 811:), Red Barrels ( 780:Assassin's Creed 519:greenhouse gases 329:Headquarters of 316:Bank of Montreal 287: 115: 24: 22: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6837: 6835: 6814: 6788: 6727: 6717: 6687: 6682: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6647: 6614:Iris versicolor 6580: 6520: 6511:Public holidays 6489:List of writers 6403: 6350: 6344: 6321: 6293: 6265: 6256:Protected areas 6224: 6188: 6106: 6097: 6060: 6052:. HEC Montréal. 6049: 6042: 6012: 6010:Further reading 6007: 5997: 5995: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5922: 5920: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5697: 5695: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5620: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5547: 5545: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5471: 5469: 5459: 5458: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5283: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5181: 5179: 5170: 5169: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5140: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5104: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5041: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5023: 4989:Akadémiai Kiadó 4968: 4959: 4957: 4941: 4937: 4930: 4926:(29 July 2019). 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4862: 4861: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4827: 4826: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4793: 4792: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4392:on 28 July 2013 4389: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4232:www.newswire.ca 4225: 4224: 4220: 4210: 4208: 4202:"Main partners" 4200: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4136: 4134: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4089: 4087: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4035: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3985: 3984: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3961:www.newswire.ca 3954: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3834:www.newswire.ca 3827: 3826: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3539: 3538: 3534: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3469: 3467: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3342:on 30 July 2010 3333: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3205:on 21 June 2017 3193: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2996: 2987: 2981:Wayback Machine 2971: 2967: 2961:Wayback Machine 2950:Wayback Machine 2939:Wayback Machine 2929: 2925: 2921: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2253: 2199:milk producer, 2151:Saint-Hyacinthe 2144: 2108: 2091:forest products 2072: 2029: 2028: 1837: 1836: 1825: 1824: 1813:of the fungus. 1803: 1802: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1786: 1724:fungal diseases 1692: 1691: 1674: 1673: 1641: 1552:Hydro-Québec's 1496: 1395: 1389: 1377:GlaxoSmithKline 1344: 1342:Health industry 1244: 1223: 1178:Electronic Arts 1128: 1117: 1111: 1108: 1093: 1077: 1066: 989: 977: 920: 849: 767: 739:Bell Helicopter 727:Lockheed Martin 667: 662: 601: 595: 570: 451: 441: 436: 370:The provincial 365:services sector 342:post-industrial 305: 289: 286:Government debt 285: 278:Public finances 269: 267: 265: 260: 255: 251: 240: 238: 236: 230: 222: 220: 218: 216: 203: 198: 193: 188: 181: 167: 165: 163: 161: 155: 147: 145: 143: 141: 116: 111: 101: 84: 52: 42: 31:Canadian dollar 20: 12: 11: 5: 6878: 6876: 6868: 6867: 6857: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6832: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6673: 6672: 6665: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6623: 6620:Je me souviens 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6481: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6472:Historic Sites 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6435:List of movies 6427: 6421: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6382:Transportation 6379: 6374: 6368: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6251:National Parks 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6058:External links 6056: 6055: 6054: 6040: 6030: 6020: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6005: 5993:Google Finance 5980: 5968:Google Finance 5955: 5943:Google Finance 5930: 5918:Google Finance 5905: 5893:Google Finance 5880: 5868:Google Finance 5855: 5843:Google Finance 5830: 5818:Google Finance 5805: 5793:Google Finance 5780: 5768:Google Finance 5755: 5743:Google Finance 5730: 5718:Google Finance 5705: 5693:Google Finance 5680: 5668:Google Finance 5655: 5643:Google Finance 5630: 5618:Google Finance 5605: 5593:Google Finance 5580: 5568:Google Finance 5555: 5543:Google Finance 5530: 5518:Google Finance 5505: 5479: 5449: 5433:"Quebec | OEC" 5424: 5406: 5388: 5370: 5345: 5319: 5293: 5267: 5241: 5215: 5204:on 6 July 2011 5189: 5160: 5133:"Les Fraîches" 5124: 5097:"Les Fraîches" 5088: 5061: 5025: 5022: 5021: 4966: 4938: 4928: 4916: 4905:on 6 July 2011 4890: 4873:Washington, DC 4850: 4811: 4779: 4767: 4741: 4729: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4665: 4653: 4626: 4624:(29 July 2019) 4614: 4587: 4565: 4543: 4521: 4499: 4473: 4451: 4440:on 15 May 2011 4425: 4403: 4366: 4341: 4316: 4307: 4286: 4265: 4244: 4218: 4193: 4168: 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Radio-Canada 3594: 3572: 3550: 3532: 3504: 3477: 3451: 3420: 3397: 3380: 3353: 3326: 3299: 3273: 3262:on 6 July 2011 3241: 3216: 3186: 3160: 3131: 3110: 3083: 3072: 3061: 3033: 3028:Globe and Mail 3014: 3002: 2985: 2965: 2963:", 2009-07-07. 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2893: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2560:Transportation 2557: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2300:Transportation 2297: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2252: 2249: 2193:AbitibiBowater 2143: 2140: 2107: 2104: 2071: 2068: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1768:dairy industry 1763:dairy products 1736:Nectria canker 1712:Bruce spanworm 1640: 1637: 1600:western Canada 1590:are imported. 1495: 1492: 1465:City of Quebec 1426:fortified city 1388: 1385: 1343: 1340: 1243: 1240: 1222: 1219: 1190:Strategy First 1130: 1129: 1080: 1078: 1071: 1065: 1062: 1038:Trois-Rivières 988: 987:Transportation 985: 976: 973: 957:Shanghai Tower 947:, the Line at 919: 916: 848: 845: 792:Gotham Knights 766: 763: 666: 663: 661: 658: 597:Main article: 594: 591: 569: 566: 554:Stephen Harper 549:carbon dioxide 539:electric motor 469:Kyoto protocol 440: 437: 435: 432: 420:European Union 307: 306: 297: 294: 293: 290: 283: 280: 279: 275: 274: 252: 249: 246: 245: 231: 228: 225: 224: 213: 209: 208: 190:United Kingdom 182: 179: 176: 175: 166:airplane parts 156: 153: 150: 149: 138: 134: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 117: 109: 106: 105: 102: 92: 89: 88: 85: 83:GDP per capita 82: 79: 78: 75: 69: 68: 64: 63: 53: 50: 47: 46: 43: 38: 35: 34: 28: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6877: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6845: 6844: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6754:New Brunswick 6752: 6750: 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