422:(GEN) is an international non-profit network of third party type I ecolabelling organizations focused on encouraging and promoting type I ecolabelling development worldwide. GEN has members represented from more than 50 territories and countries, with a particular focus in Europe and Asia. GEN's mission is to educate and encourage government, industry, and consumers to recognize the unique and important value of Type I ecolabelling. More specifically, GEN functions to foster cooperation and information exchange across members and ecolabelling programs, facilities access to information on ecolabelling standards, engages with international organizations to promote ecolabelling, and encourages demand for ecolabelling products through the promotion of sustainable public procurement. GEN supports its members in developing environmental leadership standards and criteria.
226:
firms, governments and institutions interact. Its final purpose is to contribute to the development of sustainable and ecological ways of production and consumption. In this process, consumers' environmental expectations are met; firms increase their created and captured value and enhance their sustainability, and governments and institutions foster cleaner production and consumption. Finally, this process is tangible in the products through the awarding of ecolabels, which are visibly displayed on goods and services".
349:: First consumers became concerned about the quality, safety and environmental sustainability of food and supported demand for green foods, then focused on the environmental effects of agriculture and globalization of food production, which led to the exposure of globally controlled food regimes. Consumer advocate groups responded with a call for . This gives a new dimension to consumer demands and corporate competitiveness. Australian Consumer Association
38:
385:(Der Blaue Engel) certification became the first ecolabel worldwide in 1978. The main drivers have been energy and fuel consumption. These stickers first started appearing on major appliances after government agencies in the United States and Canada legislated their requirement. Manufacturers are also required to meet minimum standards of energy use. The automobile industry in North America is required to meet a minimum emissions standard. This led to
495:
vehicle. Federal law in Canada, under Canada's Energy
Efficiency Regulations, requires that the EnerGuide label is placed on all new electrical appliances manufactured in or imported into Canada and that the label indicates the amount of electricity used by that appliance. This information is determined by standardized test procedures. A third-party agency verifies that an appliance meets Canada's minimum energy performance levels.
504:
512:
printed on yellow EnergyGuide label, which manufacturers are required to display on many appliances. This label estimates how much energy the appliance uses, compares the energy use of similar products, and lists approximate annual operating costs. Appliances that meet strict energy efficiency criteria set by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency are eligible for the blue
656:
511:
All major home appliances must meet the
Appliance Standards Program set by the US Department of Energy (DOE) on cooperation with the US Federal Trade Commission. Manufacturers must use standard test procedures developed by DOE to prove the energy use and efficiency of their products. Test results are
640:
for falsely labeling their tuna cans as "dolphin-safe.” The suit claimed that the companies were violating the 1990 Dolphin
Protection Consumer Information Act by marketing their fishing practices as “dolphin-safe,” even though they use drift nets or purse seine nets which are known to harm and kill
494:
label for vehicles is found on all new passenger cars, light-duty vans, pickup trucks and special purpose vehicles not exceeding a gross vehicle weight of 3855 kg (8500 lb). The label shows the city and highway fuel consumption ratings and an estimated annual fuel cost for that particular
175:
is a voluntary multi-criteria ecolabel program assessed by an independent third party who considers the life cycle impacts of a product. Awarded certification authorizes the use of environmental labels on products and indicates overall environmental preferability of a product within a product
142:
standards, especially ISO 14024- Type I Ecolabels that undertake ISO 14040 compliant life cycle analysis as part of their assessment. Type I ecolabels are voluntary labels that signify overall environmental preference of a product or services based on life-cycle considerations that address multiple
553:
and verified by independent third parties. The implementation of the EU Ecolabel is set through the
Regulation (EC) No 66/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The European Commission published its proposal in March 2023 for a Directive on substantiation and communication of explicit
404:
Green
Labelling worldwide is moving beyond traditional country borders. Most of these initiatives are voluntary eco-labels, however, there is an initiative underway in North America to broaden the scope of Green Stickers to include other consumer goods. Although consumers tend to prefer ecolabeled
275:
The increasing use of ecolabels by governments, industry and non-governmental organizations has led to international trade issues over ecolabels acting as non-tariff trade barriers. In particular developed countries and industries have expressed concern regarding the variety of diverse national or
238:
is driving the global marketplace with desire to regulate product production. The globalization of economies is shifting control of sustainability away from traditional command and control measures imposed by governments towards market governance which is a self-regulatory new environmental policy
280:
of different markets abroad which may entail significant cost, information and technical expertise. Labelling programs also tend to be based on domestic environmental priorities and technologies of the importing country, often lacking relevance in regard to the exporting country's environment and
225:
There is a close relationship between the ecolabeling process and the eco-innovation because it promotes the emergence of new green products and it improves the organizations environmental management strategy. Moreover, ecolabeling process is a "cyclical eco-innovation process in which consumers,
124:
for conduct of ecolabelling and also have created their own ecolabels, one for food and one for consumer products. At least for food, the ecolabel is nearly identical with the common NGO definition of the rules for ecolabelling. Label trust is an issue for consumers because some manufacturers and
516:
label. The Energy Star label is also available on energy-efficient televisions, computers, audio visual equipment and electronics, office equipment, heating and cooling equipment, and many more products. Energy Star is also available on energy efficient homes and buildings in the United States.
208:
Additionally, a different category called "Type I – like" is present in the literature, which represents environmental labels focused on just one environmental or social aspect; these labels have been launched by independent organizations. Type I-like or single issue labels can be based on a
544:
was established in 1992 by the
European Commission. It helps to identify products and services that have a reduced environmental impact throughout their life cycle. Recognized throughout Europe, it is a voluntary label promoting environmental excellence which can be trusted. It is the only
60:
directed at consumers, intended to make it easy to take environmental concerns into account when shopping. Some labels quantify pollution or energy consumption by way of index scores or units of measurement, while others assert compliance with a set of practices or minimum requirements for
266:
standards on quality production control. Once an industry sector decides to get this certification, it has to provide evidence of documented proof of compliance required. In terms of ISO 14042 standard, it is obligatorily for all applicants to respect environmental legislation and related
92:
The last few years have seen two key trends in the ecolabels space. There is an explosion in the numbers of different ecolabelling programs across the world and across business sectors and secondly the proliferation of umbrella labeling programs. Currently, there are around 264 active
204:
an environmental product declaration consisting of quantified product information on the life cycle impacts. Instead of assessing or weighting the environmental performance of a product this type of label only shows the objective data, facilitating product comparison among buyers.
446:
sustainability standards and accreditation bodies that demonstrate their ability to meet the ISEAL Codes of Good
Practice and accompanying requirements. Its members are primarily single attribute focused ecolabelling organizations and include the Forest Stewardship Alliance, the
168:
series deals with environmental labels and declarations. ISO proposed three categories of environmental labels according to the aspects covered and the rigor required to award the seal: type I in ISO 14024; type II in ISO 14021; and type III in ISO 14025.
592:
There are a plethora of sustainable seafood ecolabels. Many conservationists feel that the increasing number of labels is further confusing consumers in regard to what seafood is sustainable. As of 2010, ecolabels that can be found on seafood include
338:
wishes. This approach applies market pressure on industries to minimize their environmental impact; this is evidenced by the growth in the population of informed consumers. Marketing strategists are responding with Green
Certifications and its abuse,
129:
their products with fake ecolabels. High trust levels can be created when ecolabels apply for governmental recognition as formal
Certification Marks (recognized by logos or names with 'CTM', CM or 'CertTM'). Typically this means schemes approved as a
570:
is the official ecolabel in Nordic countries. It uses a system of standards, applications for licenses, and independent verification. In the Netherlands, the private label EKO is granted to products with at least 95% organic agricultural content.
1483:
155:
Recent years have seen two key trends with ecolabels. There is an explosion in the number of different ecolabelling programs across the world and across business sectors and secondly a proliferation of umbrella labeling programs. The
583:
is moving towards adopting the ISO's TC 207 environmental management system. Anyone can contribute verifiable sources substantiating its adoption and implementation by member countries as this information is not easily accessible.
478:. These agencies are mandated watchdogs of industry and regulate releasing chemical pollution into the environment. Some of them administer labelling standards; other set minimum requirements for manufacturers.
1113:
305:
1444:
EU law does not preclude, in principle, a public contract for which a contracting authority requires or desires that certain products to be supplied should be derived from organic agriculture or fair trade
672:
Many consumer appliances have labels indicating whether or not they are energy efficient compared to similar products. Common labels include yellow EnergyGuide tags found in North America as part of the
52:
are labeling systems for food and consumer products. The use of ecolabels is voluntary, whereas green stickers are mandated by law; for example, in North America major appliances and automobiles use
401:
family which grew out of ISO's commitment to support the objective of sustainable development discussed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992.
323:
Conference in 1992, an international consensus was generated to integrate environmental issues into manufacturing procedures. The idea was to manipulate consumption patterns in order to achieve
405:
products, recent research show that consumers do not fully understand ecolabels and do not fully trust ecolabels, especially when learning negative environmental consequences of production.
250:
production of goods and services with stronger ecological practices. Recently, it has turned into a new form of non-state authority at both national and international levels. This idea of
1139:
912:
645:
1183:
Smith, K.; Lawrence G.; Richards C (2010). "Supermarkets' governance of the agri-food supply chain: is the 'corporate-environmental' food regime evident in Australia".
462:, including driving innovations in standards. ISEAL received criticism from Institute for Multi-Stakeholder Initiative Integrity, with a conclusion that private sector
820:
389:
labels being placed on new automobiles sold. The major appliance manufacturers were required to use standard testing practices and place clear labels on products. The
77:
in a given sector or commodity through a set of good practices that are captured in a sustainability standard. Through a verification process, usually referred to as "
991:
Prieto-Sandoval, Vanessa; Alfaro, JosĂ© A.; MejĂa-Villa, AndrĂ©s; Ormazabal, Marta (2016). "ECO-labels as a multidimensional research topic: Trends and opportunities".
954:
Prieto-Sandoval, Vanessa; Alfaro, JosĂ© A.; MejĂa-Villa, AndrĂ©s; Ormazabal, Marta (2016). "ECO-labels as a multidimensional research topic: Trends and opportunities".
528:
test results and cannot use any other fuel mileage results to advertise vehicle fuel efficiency. The state of California has green sticker license plates issued to
2276:
783:
689:
in the United Kingdom. These labels document how much energy an appliance consumes while being used; energy input labeling documents how much energy was used to
390:
157:
138:
and certifies that they are 'Competent to Certify'. The highest trust levels would be a government recognized certification mark that was also compliant with key
641:
dolphins and other marine life. The suit also argued that these companies did not adequately separate between tuna that was dolphin-safe and tuna that was not.
1339:
1698:
1364:
2178:
937:
805:
431:
94:
2219:
350:
1928:
301:
292:
and labelling schemes were covered in the WTO Agreements. Several of the WTO Agreements contain rules applicable to eco-labels, including the
1043:
Horne, R. E. (2009). "Limits to labels: The role of ecolabels in the assessment of product sustainability and routes to sustainable consumption".
614:
297:
293:
458:, define credibility for sustainability standards, increase the uptake of credible sustainability standards, and improve the effectiveness of
1632:
1609:
1586:
522:
1325:
Not Fit-for-Purpose The Grand Experiment of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives in Corporate Accountability, Human Rights and Global Governance
1539:
712:
1382:
2128:
1996:
1746:
772:
1290:
2148:
747:
443:
545:
pan-European Type I official ecolabel. The EU Ecolabel is awarded according to ecological criteria agreed on by experts, industry,
217:); other single issue labels assess the performance of the product on a range, for example grading its energy or water efficiency.
1862:
1691:
2143:
1756:
1751:
682:
610:
475:
66:
105:) in 199 countries, and 25 industry sectors. Within the standard profile, ITC provide the typology which explains if it is an
89:
and earn the right to sell its products as certified through the supply chain, often resulting in a consumer-facing ecolabel.
2173:
1648:
839:
2281:
1887:
1228:
117:
2271:
1827:
742:
1407:
1153:
334:: Eco-labels and green stickers have evolved to play a vital role. They provide a verifiable link between products and
2138:
2057:
1771:
1684:
737:
678:
525:
463:
442:, set up to advance and develop sustainability standards for products across the globe. Its membership is open to all
419:
1923:
1837:
1425:
1343:
757:
606:
594:
448:
382:
246:
is a new form of regulation which is voluntary in nature but impose upon large companies market forces in order to
214:
185:
98:
57:
1726:
1443:
778:
435:
247:
209:
pass/fail criterion, for example setting a maximum level of energy consumption for electric appliances (like the
1447:, Press Release 60/12, Judgment in Case C-368/10 Commission v Netherlands, 10 May 2012, accessed 5 February 2022
451:, Fair Trade International, the Rainforest Alliance, and the Alliance for Water Stewardship, among many others.
276:
regional labelling requirements. In order to qualify for an ecolabel exporters have to adjust to the production
176:
category. The awarding body may be either a governmental organization or a private non-commercial entity. (e.g.
1938:
1847:
1786:
1624:
700:
487:
285:
1368:
926:
1275:
2168:
1953:
1943:
1882:
1877:
1822:
752:
717:
394:
324:
255:
235:
1766:
1457:
2183:
1989:
1791:
439:
106:
2266:
2163:
1867:
1781:
1484:"A WTO Safe Harbour for the Dolphins: The Second Compliance Proceedings in the US–Tuna II (Mexico) case"
696:
667:
546:
198:. Developed internally by companies claims can take the form of a declaration, a logo, or a commercial.
1933:
1872:
1852:
1801:
1741:
1079:
366:
2153:
1842:
887:
732:
686:
550:
529:
466:
adopt weak or narrow standards that better serve corporate interests than rights holder interests.
195:
74:
2037:
1918:
1902:
1897:
1707:
1521:
1095:
815:
788:
633:
621:
602:
459:
455:
346:
289:
277:
144:
135:
131:
110:
86:
78:
70:
1328:. San Francisco: Institute for Multi-Stakeholder Initiative Integrity: MSI Integrity. July 2020.
1114:"Eco-Labeling Standards, Green Procurement, and the WTO: Significance for World Bank Borrowers"
65:
or reduction of harm to the environment. Many ecolabels are focused on minimising the negative
37:
2123:
2082:
2072:
2027:
1982:
1721:
1628:
1605:
1582:
1513:
1236:
1133:
906:
598:
354:
335:
331:
1543:
1386:
116:
Ecolabelling systems exist for both food and consumer products. Both systems were started by
1963:
1817:
1503:
1495:
1087:
1052:
1008:
1000:
971:
963:
722:
629:
2239:
2224:
1948:
1892:
1601:
1302:
888:"Guide to Environmental Labels-for Procurement Practitioners of the United Nations System"
800:
762:
554:
environmental claims (Green Claims Directive). This proposed Directive requires mandatory
386:
358:
243:
1083:
2214:
1832:
693:
the product, an additional consideration in the full life cycle energy use of product.
317:
62:
101:
Standards Map) in 194 countries and 15 sectors, and about 457 ecolabels (according to
2260:
2229:
2188:
2087:
2077:
1958:
1525:
1323:
1099:
1056:
810:
555:
1291:"Consumer Preferences, Ecolabels, and Effects of Negative Environmental Information"
340:
320:
1004:
967:
605:(Sweden), Naturland (Germany), Thai Quality Shrimp, Global Aquaculture Alliance's
2209:
2113:
2092:
2052:
794:
674:
567:
541:
513:
210:
194:
is a self-declared claim made by manufacturers or retailers without third-party
181:
177:
121:
53:
31:
503:
213:
label) or guaranteeing a responsible management of the world forests (like the
2193:
1796:
1578:
1499:
1070:
Lavallee, S.; Plouffe S. (2004). "The eco-label and sustainable development".
767:
518:
362:
353:
confronted corporate interests with their concerns about growing interests in
1658:
1517:
1240:
134:
have had the government department responsible declare that the scheme has a
17:
2234:
2158:
1776:
1663:
1161:
727:
659:
655:
491:
398:
259:
161:
126:
1261:
432:
International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance
426:
International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance
381:
on consumer goods have been evolving since the late 1970s, when the German
2067:
2032:
2022:
1569:
1202:
637:
263:
1411:
2118:
2097:
2062:
1761:
1295:
AgBioForum: The Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management & Economics
1091:
1013:
976:
625:
267:
legislation; breaching of any laws may result in licensing suspension.
147:
for environmental preferability, verified by a qualified organization.
82:
1508:
699:
are an alternative methodology for certification, examining impact on
1857:
1676:
1653:
507:
The Energy Star service mark is placed on energy-efficient products.
1030:
In politics, products, and markets: exploring political consumption
306:
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
2047:
2042:
2013:
2005:
1731:
654:
580:
502:
1461:
863:
613:(ASC) is in development. Seafood is also labeled "organic", but
125:
manufacturing associations have set up "rubber stamp" labels to
102:
1978:
1680:
1667:
1120:. March 5, 2005. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021
628:. In May 2019 consumers brought class-action lawsuits against
624:, asserting that tuna is caught in a manner that does not harm
532:
is introducing green stickers for all new automobiles in 2009.
490:
regulates both the automobile and appliance manufacturers. The
113:
e.g. the entity in charge is a private association or company.
454:
The goals of the ISEAL Alliance are to improve the impacts of
160:(ISO) has created standards for labeling practices within the
139:
262:
standards on the management of environmental quality and the
1974:
30:"Green label" redirects here. For the online magazine, see
1289:
Chen, Xianwen; Alfnes, Frode; Rickertsen, Kyrre (2017).
1185:
International Journal of Society of Agriculture and Food
617:
standards for organic seafood are still in development.
143:
environmental criteria, which are based on transparent
1383:"U.S. Department of Energy, Home Appliance Regulation"
288:(WTO), the possible impacts of voluntary product
1410:. California Air Resources Board USA. Archived from
646:
Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification
120:(NGOs). Since then the European Union has developed
2202:
2106:
2012:
1911:
1810:
1714:
1408:"California Air Resources Board, DRIVECLEAN.ca.gov"
1072:The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
486:The Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE) run by the
1138:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
911:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
894:. 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-11-02
821:United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards
397:for addressing environmental labelling with the
1482:Baroncini, Elisa; Brunel, Claire (April 2020).
864:"Ecolabel Index | Who's deciding what's green?"
27:Labeling systems for food and consumer products
1540:"Energy Saving Products - Energy Saving Trust"
1385:. Federal Trade Commission USA. Archived from
784:International Organization for Standardization
391:International Organization for Standardization
158:International Organization for Standardization
1990:
1692:
791:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
8:
521:manufacturers are required to use certified
2179:United Kingdom food information regulations
85:, or mine can show that it complies with a
1997:
1983:
1975:
1699:
1685:
1677:
1664:
1649:USA Household Appliance Energy Guide label
1426:"Proposal for a Directive on Green Claims"
806:Sustainability standards and certification
2220:Automatic identification and data capture
1507:
1458:"ASEAN report on environmental labelling"
1045:International Journal of Consumer Studies
1012:
975:
1929:Earth systems engineering and management
1442:Court of Justice of the European Union,
1365:"Canada's Energy Efficiency Regulations"
1229:"Questioning and evolving the eco-label"
609:standard, Label Rouge (France), and the
302:Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
36:
1262:"ISO/TC 207 - Environmental management"
1032:. Somerest, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
831:
284:In 1995, after the introduction of the
1367:. Government of Canada. Archived from
1342:. Government of Canada. Archived from
1276:"Singapore Green Label to go regional"
1131:
904:
488:Department of Natural Resources Canada
440:standards setting organizations (SSOs)
298:General Agreement on Trade in Services
294:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
2277:Environmental social science concepts
254:based on the success and adoption of
7:
1227:Watanatada, Patrin (10 March 2011).
523:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
464:Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives (MSIs)
327:. The result of this is as follows.
713:Anti-Waste and Circular Economy Law
474:Governments of many countries have
1747:Environmental full-cost accounting
1278:. eco-business.com. 16 March 2012.
773:Greenguard Environmental Institute
434:(ISEAL) is a private organization
25:
2149:List of food labeling regulations
1118:CIEL Center for International Law
748:Environmental product declaration
476:environmental protection agencies
1863:Extended producer responsibility
1057:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00752.x
943:from the original on 2016-05-08.
2144:Fair Packaging and Labeling Act
1757:Environmental management system
1752:Environmental impact assessment
1542:. 21 April 2007. Archived from
703:rather than direct energy use.
683:Energy Saving Trust Recommended
611:Aquaculture Stewardship Council
2174:Radio-frequency identification
927:"Introduction to Ecolabelling"
118:non-governmental organizations
1:
1005:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.167
993:Journal of Cleaner Production
968:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.167
956:Journal of Cleaner Production
296:1994 (GATT 1994 or GATT),the
1301:(3): 327–336. Archived from
743:Environmental Choice Program
679:European Union energy labels
221:Ecolabeling innovation cycle
41:Classification of eco-labels
2058:Pressure-sensitive adhesive
1772:Integrated chain management
1621:The Future of Eco-labelling
934:Global Ecolabelling Network
738:Environmental certification
420:Global Ecolabelling Network
414:Global Ecolabelling Network
2298:
1838:Eco-industrial development
1654:US EPA green vehicle guide
1571:The Value of Eco-Labelling
758:Forest Stewardship Council
685:logo administrated by the
665:
643:
607:Best Aquaculture Practices
595:Marine Stewardship Council
449:Marine Stewardship Council
365:, organic production, and
239:instrument, ecolabelling.
215:Forest Stewardship Council
58:sustainability measurement
29:
1674:
1669:Links to related articles
1500:10.1017/S1474745620000038
1430:environment.ec.europa.eu/
1264:. ISO. 20 September 2022.
779:Harmonization (standards)
438:a body of sustainability
252:entrepreneurial democracy
1939:Ecological modernization
1848:Ecological modernization
1787:Life-cycle cost analysis
1625:Greenleaf Publishing Ltd
1340:"Fuel consumption guide"
701:greenhouse gas emissions
286:World Trade Organization
230:Environmental governance
95:sustainability standards
48:(also "Eco-Labels") and
2169:Plain tobacco packaging
2129:Cigarette warning label
1954:Sustainable development
1944:Environmental economics
1883:Precautionary principle
1878:Polluter pays principle
1823:Cradle-to-cradle design
1619:Rubik, Frieder (2005).
1460:. ASEAN. Archived from
797:EU food nutrition label
753:Fairtrade certification
718:Cradle-to-cradle design
620:There are a variety of
395:international standards
325:sustainable development
312:Sustainable initiatives
256:international standards
236:sustainable consumption
202:Type III (ISO/TR 14025)
1924:Design for environment
1792:Material flow analysis
1432:. European Commission.
697:Carbon emission labels
663:
547:consumer organizations
508:
409:International networks
107:international standard
42:
2164:Nutrition facts label
1868:Industrial metabolism
1782:Life-cycle assessment
1727:Cost–benefit analysis
1596:Ward, Trevor (2008).
868:www.ecolabelindex.com
775:Certification Program
668:Energy input labeling
658:
644:Further information:
506:
430:Created in 2002, the
418:Founded in 1994, the
234:Consumer desires for
56:. They are a form of
40:
2282:Sustainable business
1934:Ecological economics
1873:Industrial symbiosis
1853:Efficient energy use
1802:Stakeholder analysis
1742:Ecological footprint
1598:Seafood Ecolabelling
1568:Paull, John (2009).
844:www.standardsmap.org
840:"Sustainability Map"
367:genetic modification
258:, this includes the
2272:Consumer protection
2154:Mandatory labelling
1843:Eco-industrial park
1203:"About us - CHOICE"
1084:2004IJLCA...9..349L
733:Environmental audit
687:Energy Saving Trust
662:ecolabel for energy
622:dolphin safe labels
281:local conditions.
271:International Trade
192:Type II (ISO 14021)
81:", a farm, forest,
75:resource extraction
2038:In-mould labelling
1919:Cleaner production
1903:Waste valorization
1898:Waste minimisation
1767:Input–output model
1708:Industrial ecology
1488:World Trade Review
1092:10.1007/bf02979076
1028:Jordan, A (2003).
816:Technical Standard
789:LEED certification
664:
634:Chicken of the Sea
509:
470:Programs by region
173:Type I (ISO 14024)
166:ISO 14020 to 14025
132:Certification Mark
71:primary production
67:ecological impacts
43:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2124:Country of origin
2083:Security printing
2073:Security hologram
2028:Die cutting (web)
1972:
1971:
1828:Dematerialization
1722:Agent-based model
1634:978-1-874719-87-8
1611:978-1-4051-6266-1
1588:978-3-639-15495-5
1164:on April 21, 2018
599:Friend of the Sea
460:private standards
456:private standards
355:green consumption
336:informed consumer
151:ISO participation
16:(Redirected from
2289:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1964:Urban metabolism
1818:Circular economy
1701:
1694:
1687:
1678:
1665:
1638:
1615:
1592:
1576:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1546:on 21 April 2007
1536:
1530:
1529:
1511:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1160:. Archived from
1150:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
988:
982:
981:
979:
951:
945:
944:
942:
931:
923:
917:
916:
910:
902:
900:
899:
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
836:
723:Display Campaign
630:Bumble Bee Foods
444:multistakeholder
347:developing world
304:(TBT), and the
111:private standard
21:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2240:Track and trace
2225:Label dispenser
2198:
2139:EU energy label
2102:
2008:
2003:
1973:
1968:
1949:Green chemistry
1907:
1893:Waste hierarchy
1806:
1710:
1705:
1670:
1645:
1635:
1618:
1612:
1602:Wiley-Blackwell
1595:
1589:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1562:Further reading
1559:
1549:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1437:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1026:
1022:
990:
989:
985:
953:
952:
948:
940:
929:
925:
924:
920:
903:
897:
895:
886:
885:
881:
872:
870:
862:
861:
857:
848:
846:
838:
837:
833:
829:
801:Standardization
763:Green marketing
709:
670:
653:
648:
590:
577:
564:
562:Northern Europe
538:
501:
484:
472:
428:
416:
411:
387:fuel efficiency
376:
359:food production
332:developed world
314:
273:
244:standardization
232:
223:
153:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:Authentication
2212:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Security label
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1912:Related fields
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Rebound effect
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:Eco-efficiency
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1643:External links
1641:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1616:
1610:
1593:
1587:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1531:
1494:(2): 196–215.
1474:
1449:
1435:
1417:
1414:on 2009-08-13.
1399:
1374:
1371:on 2010-12-25.
1356:
1331:
1315:
1281:
1267:
1253:
1219:
1194:
1175:
1154:"Earth_Summit"
1145:
1105:
1078:(6): 349–354.
1062:
1051:(2): 175–182.
1035:
1020:
983:
946:
918:
879:
855:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
792:
786:
781:
776:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
708:
705:
666:Main article:
652:
649:
589:
586:
576:
573:
563:
560:
558:of verifiers.
537:
536:European Union
534:
500:
497:
483:
480:
471:
468:
427:
424:
415:
412:
410:
407:
393:has developed
379:Green Stickers
375:
372:
371:
370:
344:
313:
310:
272:
269:
231:
228:
222:
219:
152:
149:
103:Ecolabel Index
97:(according to
63:sustainability
50:Green Stickers
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2294:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Label printer
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Warning label
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Release liner
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Urban ecology
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1464:on 2012-03-06
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1389:on 2010-05-27
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1346:on 2010-08-31
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1305:on 2017-07-04
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1191:(2): 140–161.
1190:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
984:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
950:
947:
939:
936:. July 2004.
935:
928:
922:
919:
914:
908:
893:
889:
883:
880:
869:
865:
859:
856:
845:
841:
835:
832:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:TCO Certified
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
661:
657:
650:
647:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
587:
585:
582:
574:
572:
569:
561:
559:
557:
556:accreditation
552:
548:
543:
535:
533:
531:
527:
524:
520:
515:
505:
499:United States
498:
496:
493:
489:
481:
479:
477:
469:
467:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
445:
441:
437:
433:
425:
423:
421:
413:
408:
406:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
342:
337:
333:
330:
329:
328:
326:
322:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
279:
270:
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:Eco-labeling
240:
237:
229:
227:
220:
218:
216:
212:
206:
203:
199:
197:
193:
189:
187:
183:
179:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
150:
148:
146:
141:
137:
133:
128:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
90:
88:
84:
80:
79:certification
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
18:Eco-labelling
2267:Ecolabelling
2133:
2016:construction
1736:
1620:
1597:
1570:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:the original
1534:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:the original
1452:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1412:the original
1402:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:the original
1377:
1369:the original
1359:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:the original
1334:
1324:
1318:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1298:
1294:
1284:
1270:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1233:The Guardian
1232:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:
1197:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:the original
1157:
1148:
1122:. Retrieved
1117:
1108:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1023:
996:
992:
986:
959:
955:
949:
933:
921:
896:. Retrieved
891:
882:
871:. Retrieved
867:
858:
847:. Retrieved
843:
834:
695:
690:
671:
619:
591:
578:
565:
539:
526:fuel economy
510:
485:
473:
453:
429:
417:
403:
378:
377:
341:greenwashing
321:Earth Summit
315:
300:(GATS), the
283:
274:
251:
241:
233:
224:
207:
201:
200:
191:
190:
172:
171:
165:
154:
115:
91:
49:
45:
44:
2210:Advertising
2114:Advertising
2093:Smart label
2053:Perforation
1659:EU ECOLABEL
1124:24 November
1014:10171/65275
999:: 806–818.
977:10171/65275
962:: 806–818.
795:Nutri-Score
691:manufacture
675:Energy Star
568:Nordic swan
542:EU Ecolabel
514:Energy Star
436:harmonizing
316:During the
211:Energy Star
184:and German
182:Nordic swan
178:EU Ecolabel
122:legislation
54:Energy Star
32:Green Label
2261:Categories
2194:Wine label
1797:MET Matrix
1579:VDM Verlag
1509:1814/64487
1468:2009-02-23
1393:2010-08-13
1350:2010-08-13
1309:2017-09-22
1158:www.un.org
898:2021-11-15
873:2021-03-03
849:2021-03-03
827:References
768:Green Seal
681:, and the
519:automobile
383:Blue Angel
363:pesticides
186:Blue Angel
2235:Packaging
2159:Nameplate
1777:ISO 14000
1526:226208023
1518:1474-7456
1241:0261-3077
1100:109145957
728:EKOenergy
677:program,
660:EKOenergy
517:American
492:EnerGuide
399:ISO 14000
361:, use of
290:standards
278:standards
260:ISO 14000
248:harmonize
162:ISO 14000
145:standards
127:greenwash
46:Ecolabels
2134:Ecolabel
2068:Printing
2033:Hologram
2023:Adhesive
2006:Labeling
1811:Concepts
1737:Ecolabel
1550:14 April
1212:14 April
1168:14 April
1134:cite web
938:Archived
907:cite web
707:See also
638:StarKist
626:dolphins
579:In Asia
264:ISO 9000
196:auditing
164:schema.
136:standard
87:standard
2119:Barcode
2107:Content
2098:Sticker
2063:Plastic
1762:EIO-LCA
1246:4 April
1080:Bibcode
588:Seafood
374:History
308:(SPS).
83:fishery
1858:Exergy
1631:
1608:
1585:
1524:
1516:
1239:
1207:CHOICE
1098:
651:Energy
636:, and
482:Canada
351:CHOICE
2048:Paper
2043:Label
2014:Label
1732:DPSIR
1715:Tools
1575:(PDF)
1522:S2CID
1096:S2CID
941:(PDF)
930:(PDF)
581:ASEAN
575:ASEAN
109:or a
1629:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1552:2018
1514:ISSN
1248:2020
1237:ISSN
1214:2018
1170:2018
1140:link
1126:2021
913:link
892:UNGP
615:USDA
603:KRAV
566:The
551:NGOs
549:and
540:The
530:OHVs
2203:Use
2184:UPC
1504:hdl
1496:doi
1088:doi
1053:doi
1009:hdl
1001:doi
997:135
972:hdl
964:doi
960:135
140:ISO
99:ITC
73:or
69:of
2263::
1627:.
1623:.
1604:.
1600:.
1581:.
1577:.
1520:.
1512:.
1502:.
1492:19
1490:.
1486:.
1428:.
1299:18
1297:.
1293:.
1235:.
1231:.
1205:.
1189:17
1187:.
1156:.
1136:}}
1132:{{
1116:.
1094:.
1086:.
1074:.
1049:33
1047:.
1007:.
995:.
970:.
958:.
932:.
909:}}
905:{{
890:.
866:.
842:.
632:,
601:,
597:,
357:,
318:UN
188:)
180:,
1998:e
1991:t
1984:v
1700:e
1693:t
1686:v
1637:.
1614:.
1591:.
1554:.
1528:.
1506::
1498::
1471:.
1396:.
1353:.
1312:.
1250:.
1216:.
1172:.
1142:)
1128:.
1102:.
1090::
1082::
1076:9
1059:.
1055::
1017:.
1011::
1003::
980:.
974::
966::
915:)
901:.
876:.
852:.
369:.
343:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
