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133:, is a form of thyroid dysgenesis in which an entire or parts of the thyroid located in another part of the body than what is the usual case. A completely ectopic thyroid gland may be located anywhere along the path of the descent of the thyroid during
153:, and may appear anywhere along its original length. Accessory thyroid tissue may be functional, but is generally insufficient for normal function if the main thyroid gland is entirely removed.
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Lingual thyroid is 4-7 times more common in females, with symptoms developing during puberty, pregnancy or menopause. Lingual thyroid may be asymptomatic, or give symptoms such as
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Macchia PE, Lapi P, Krude H, et al. (May 1998). "PAX8 mutations associated with congenital hypothyroidism caused by thyroid dysgenesis".
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emedicine > Embryology of the
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Congenital hypothyroidism caused by thyroid dysgenesis can be associated with
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Bouquot, Brad W. Neville, Douglas D. Damm, Carl M. Allen, Jerry E. (2002).
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292:(2. ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 11–12.
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Castanet M, Park SM, Smith A, et al. (August 2002).
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By David J Kay and Arlen D Meyers. Updated: Jan 14, 2010
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423:Congenital hypopituitarism
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172:References
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