926:
1001:
2870:
344:
140:
1686:
911:
1222:
1722:
953:
1195:
3010:
646:, the giant puffball. Giant puffballs are considered a choice edible species and are commonly found in meadows, fields, and deciduous forests usually in late summer and autumn. It is found in temperate areas throughout the world. They can reach diameters up to 150 cm (60 in) and weights of 20 kg (45 lb). The inside of mature giant puffballs is greenish brown, whereas the interior of immature puffballs is white. The large white mushrooms are edible when young.
987:
2962:
938:
1758:
970:
2565:
2858:
5751:
2981:
43:
2590:
528:
1740:
1704:
3024:
5761:
1436:
654:(the chanterelle). The yellow chanterelle is one of the best and most easily recognizable mushrooms and can be found in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. There are poisonous mushrooms that resemble it, though these can be confidently distinguished if one is familiar with the chanterelle's identifying features.
1829:. Great care should therefore be taken when eating any fungus for the first time, and only small quantities should be consumed in case of individual allergies or reactions. Even normally edible species of mushrooms may be dangerous, as certain mushrooms growing in polluted locations can act as chemical-absorbers,
407:
the 'common mushroom', 'button mushroom', 'cultivated mushroom', and 'champignon mushroom'. Its semi-mature form is known variously as 'cremini', 'baby-bella', 'Swiss brown' mushroom, 'Roman brown' mushroom, 'Italian brown' mushroom, or 'chestnut' mushroom Its fully mature form is known as 'portobello’.
1805:
Some wild species are toxic, or at least indigestible, when raw. Failure to identify poisonous mushrooms and confusing them with edible ones has resulted in death. Although in the 21st century primitive digital applications exist to aid with identification, these are unreliable and some inexperienced
633:
ranges of western North
America. The puffball is more or less round with a diameter of up to 15 cm (6 in), white becoming brownish in age, and covered with shallow pyramid-shaped plates or scales. It fruits singly or in groups along roads and in open woods at high elevations, from summer to
423:
species, (morel family) morels belong to the ascomycete grouping of fungi. Morels are difficult to grow commercially, but there are ongoing efforts to make cultivating morels at scale a reality. Since 2014, some farmers in China have been cultivating morels outdoors in the spring; however, yields are
2827:
Mushrooms may be cooked before consumption to improve texture and lower trace levels of toxic hydrazines. Frying, roasting, baking, and microwaving are all used to prepare mushrooms. Cooking lowers the amount of water present in the food. Mushrooms do not go mushy with long term cooking because the
406:
dominates the edible mushroom market in North
America and Europe, in several forms. It is an edible basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Europe and North America. As it ages, this mushroom turns from small, white and smooth to large and light brown. In its youngest form, it is known as
1635:
commercially cultivated. Mushrooms are cultivated in at least 60 countries. A fraction of the many fungi consumed by humans are currently cultivated and sold commercially. Commercial cultivation is important ecologically, as there have been concerns of the depletion of larger fungi such as
1881:. Both have the potential to induce in the user feelings of awe, wonder with nature, interesting visual hallucinations and inner peace (even in mild doses), but excessive or accidental consumption can create feelings of insanity, helplessness and fear, usually persisting for a few hours.
2725:. Accurate determination of and proper identification of a species is the only safe way to ensure edibility, and the only safeguard against possible poisoning. Some edible species cannot be identified without the use of advanced techniques such as chemistry or microscopy.
3667:
Nordic
Council of Ministers (2012). "Section 1: Nordic Risk Assessments and Background on Edible Mushrooms, Suitable for Commercial Marketing and Background Lists. For Industry, Trade and Food Inspection. Background Information and Guidance Lists on Mushrooms".
3943:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1860:
species. While not necessarily lethal to consume, to the uninitiated, an accidentally induced psychedelic experience can run the gamut from benign to terrifying, even depressing or psychotic. The most commonly consumed for recreational psychoactive use are
748:
genus (morel family) morels belong to the ascomycete grouping of fungi. They are usually found in open scrub, woodland or open ground in late spring. When collecting this fungus, care must be taken to distinguish it from the poisonous
2390:
4150:
Kalaras MD, Beelman RB, Holick MF, Elias RJ (2012). "Generation of potentially bioactive ergosterol-derived products following pulsed ultraviolet light exposure of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)".
592:, and in the UK as the penny bun. It is also known as the king bolete, and is renowned for its delicious flavor. It is sought after worldwide, and can be found in a variety of culinary dishes.
2403:
925:
2786:
of a man who lived between 3400 and 3100 BCE in Europe, was found with two types of mushroom. The
Chinese value mushrooms for their supposed medicinal properties as well as for food.
3245:
1845:, sometimes in lethal concentrations. On the other hand, some cooking preparations may reduce the toxicity of slightly poisonous mushrooms enough to be consumed as survival food.
4668:
4033:
Krittanawong C, Isath A, Hahn J, Wang Z, Fogg SE, Bandyopadhyay D, Jneid H, Virani SS, Tang WH (2021). "Mushroom
Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review".
3922:
2869:
2640:
of vitamin D. With 5 minutes of artificial UV light exposure after harvesting, a serving of mushrooms contained four times as much. Analysis also demonstrated that natural
3602:
2774:), the act of consuming mushrooms, dates back to ancient times. Edible mushroom species have been found in association with 13,000-year-old archaeological sites in
1000:
852:. Although the field of trufficulture has greatly expanded since its inception in 1808, several species still remain uncultivated. Domesticated truffles include:
952:
4517:
Sullivan, Richard; Smith, John E.; Rowan, Neil J. (2006). "Medicinal
Mushrooms and Cancer Therapy: translating a traditional practice into Western medicine".
1139:
as soon as possible after harvesting or the caps will first turn dark and unappetizing, then deliquesce and turn to ink. Not found in markets for this reason.
937:
1809:
Deadly poisonous mushrooms that are frequently confused with edible mushrooms and responsible for many fatal poisonings include several species of the genus
2485:. Although cooking by boiling lowers mushroom water content only 1%, the contents per 100 grams for several nutrients increase appreciably, especially for
4115:
822:, with a cap that averages 1 m in diameter, though most species are much smaller. Research is underway to determine how to cultivate these mushrooms.
5799:
4661:
706:(also "hen of the woods" or "sheep's head"), a large, hearty mushroom commonly found on or near stumps and bases of oak trees, and believed to have
3577:
3833:
2832:
that gives most of the structure to a mushroom does not break down until 380 °C (716 °F) which is not reached in any normal cooking.
4374:
4194:
3955:
3677:
3430:
3403:
3180:
3118:
3087:
486:, aka Hypsizygus marmoreus, the beech mushroom, also known in its white and brown varieties as Bunapi-shimeji and Buna-shimeji, respectively
4322:
Sullivan R, Smith JE, Rowan NJ (2006). "Medicinal mushrooms and cancer therapy: translating a traditional practice into
Western medicine".
3522:
2961:
1611:
is considered choice by some—it even can be found for sale as a "morel"—but cases of toxicity have been reported. Verpas appear to contain
5765:
3253:
172:
that bear fruiting structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye). Edibility may be defined by criteria including the absence of
5754:
4654:
3048:
910:
1548:
that are considered toxic elsewhere in the world are eaten in some
Eastern European countries and Russia after pickling or parboiling.
3950:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2840:
Mushrooms will usually last a few days, longer if refrigerated. Mushrooms can be frozen, but are best cooked first. They can also be
3996:
3455:
2633:
1655:
126:
3914:
3695:
1516:(false morel, turban, brain mushroom) is eaten by some after it has been parboiled, but many mycologists do not recommend it. Raw
3275:
60:
630:
1825:
in some individuals with no prior knowledge of an allergy; old or improperly stored specimens can go rancid quickly and cause
107:
5178:
64:
79:
3969:
3637:
986:
4560:
Borchers, A. T.; Krishnamurthy, A.; Keen, C. L.; Meyers, F. J.; Gershwin, M. E. (2008). "The
Immunobiology of Mushrooms".
3992:"Mushroom Consumption Is Associated with Low Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observation Studies"
969:
1478:
is not in high enough concentration to produce any physical or psychological effects unless massive amounts are ingested.
5792:
4035:
3910:
3361:
944:
86:
6068:
5873:
2857:
1466:
to leach out toxins; fresh mushrooms cause vomiting, twitching, drowsiness, and hallucinations due to the presence of
1498:, common inkcap) is edible without special preparation, but consumption with alcohol is toxic due to the presence of
2808:, a 14th-century compilation of medieval English recipes, features a recipe of mushrooms and leeks cooked in broth.
2564:
6027:
5565:
2980:
1199:
682:
53:
6058:
4677:
4635:
4234:"In situ microscopic observation of chitin and fungal cells with chitinous cell walls in hydrothermal conditions"
2619:
638:) is still firm and white. As the puffball matures, its insides become dark brown and powdery from mature spores.
490:
93:
4109:
Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Song CH, Cho KY, Pang G (April 2009). "Vitamin D2 formation and bioavailability from
3712:
2718:
or other local grocers. Mushrooms can be purchased fresh when in season, and many species are also sold dried.
2637:
1580:
1490:
1325:
343:
139:
3883:
Kalač, Pavel; Svoboda, Lubomír (15 May 2000). "A review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms".
3219:
3078:
McKnight, Karl B.; Rohrer, Joseph R.; McKnight Ward, Kirsten; MacKnight, Kent H.; MacKnight, Vera B. (2021).
6053:
5785:
5285:
4833:
2922:
2817:
2632:
Testing showed an hour of UV light exposure before harvesting made a serving of mushrooms contain twice the
658:
328:
75:
1221:
6063:
5711:
5168:
4569:
4084:
3334:
2417:
2399:
1226:
1216:
818:
536:
482:
3737:"Production of mushrooms and truffles in 2019, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)"
3603:"A study of cultural bias in field guide determinations of mushroom edibility using the iconic mushroom,
777:
6048:
5656:
5322:
5220:
4803:
4297:
2261:
1251:
1189:
1182:
1155:, where it is considered a delicacy. Corn smuts can be used as fillings in quesadillas, tacos and soups.
1100:
894:
674:
650:
617:
459:
452:
5392:
5250:
5225:
5020:
5015:
5010:
4783:
4425:
4245:
3488:
2918:
2582:
2313:
2274:
1628:
1537:
1294:
1266:
1208:
1174:
826:
736:
708:
540:
518:, the bamboo mushrooms, bamboo pith, long net stinkhorn, crinoline stinkhorn or veiled lady mushroom.
510:, the lion's mane, monkey head, bearded tooth, satyr's beard, bearded hedgehog, or pom pom mushroom.
467:
444:
4574:
2670:, which is produced by UV-irradiation of human or animal skin, fur, and feathers. Although vitamin D
5975:
5900:
5035:
5005:
4995:
2986:
2945:
2482:
2326:
1612:
1599:
1559:
1512:
1341:
1317:
1282:
1235:
1088:
1040:
1032:
801:
769:
474:
436:
332:
212:
3991:
1194:
5332:
5240:
4984:
4860:
4595:
4542:
4347:
4060:
3629:
3504:
3392:
3339:
2679:
2675:
2235:
2215:
1970:
1869:
1817:
1566:
1543:
1530:
1422:
1393:
1377:
1310:
1166:
1159:
1006:
716:
610:
514:
506:
498:
463:, the enoki mushroom, golden needle mushroom, seafood mushroom, lily mushroom, or winter mushroom
360:
280:
223:
3761:
2715:
320:
1640:
in Europe, possibly because the group has grown popular, yet remains a challenge to cultivate.
816:
and the mushrooms grow out of termite mounds. This genus includes the largest edible mushroom,
5951:
5255:
5235:
4979:
4924:
4587:
4534:
4451:
4443:
4370:
4339:
4279:
4261:
4210:
4190:
4167:
4132:
4089:
4052:
3961:
3951:
3814:
3673:
3461:
3451:
3426:
3420:
3399:
3176:
3151:
3114:
3083:
3038:
2914:
2879:
2875:
2845:
2804:
2501:
2470:
2071:
1822:
1573:
1482:
1415:
1302:
1255:(sulphur shelf), also known by names such as "chicken mushroom", "chicken fungus"; a distinct
1243:
1064:
1024:
959:
886:
642:
402:
228:
143:
100:
5726:
5716:
5701:
5327:
5148:
4964:
4934:
4914:
4870:
4748:
4579:
4526:
4433:
4331:
4269:
4253:
4159:
4124:
4044:
4013:
4005:
3892:
3804:
3796:
3621:
3496:
3305:
3143:
3058:
2933:
2739:
2695:
2486:
2474:
2248:
2088:
1863:
1552:
1458:
1440:
1401:
1362:
1274:
1260:
1131:
1080:
1056:
1048:
848:
genus (truffles). Truffles have long eluded the modern techniques of domestication known as
837:
761:
696:
603:
428:
296:
274:
269:
3859:
3082:. Peterson field guides (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 32–35.
2714:) may be collected on a smaller scale by private gatherers, and are sometimes available at
359:) and can be picked by hand. Edibility may be defined by criteria including the absence of
6022:
5931:
5920:
5666:
5587:
5352:
5264:
5104:
4865:
4617:
3699:
2896:
2660:
2623:
2578:
1830:
1370:
784:
728:
626:
596:
236:
147:
2402:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
4429:
4249:
3492:
2909:, yet remain unconfirmed in mainstream science and medicine, and so are not approved as
215:
that are frequently confused with edible mushrooms include several species of the genus
5970:
5913:
5894:
5808:
5731:
5697:
5570:
5529:
5297:
5200:
5025:
4969:
4929:
4919:
4909:
4882:
4823:
4710:
4685:
4274:
4233:
4018:
3809:
3784:
3692:
2791:
2652:
2553:
2533:
2424:
1891:
1853:
1826:
1791:
1607:
1408:
1385:
1256:
1072:
976:
856:
666:
552:
260:
232:
3896:
3739:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2020
3147:
3134:
Mattila P, Suonpää K, Piironen V (2000). "Functional properties of edible mushrooms".
6042:
5964:
5706:
5487:
5462:
5407:
5163:
5132:
4959:
4954:
4855:
4798:
4064:
3762:"Wild Mushroom Warning. Mushroom Poisoning: Don't Invite "The Death Angel" to Dinner"
3106:
Mushrooms: cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal effect, and Environmental Impact
3053:
3043:
2799:
2703:
2413:
1727:
1587:
1475:
1450:
1354:
1123:
878:
871:
864:
844:
324:
308:
4546:
4390:
4351:
3633:
494:, the wine cap mushroom, burgundy mushroom, garden giant mushroom or king stropharia
5985:
5980:
5825:
5736:
5721:
5560:
5482:
5372:
5317:
5312:
5280:
5270:
5190:
5173:
5079:
4974:
4599:
4163:
3834:"Deadly death cap mushrooms found in Canberra's inner-south as season begins early"
3015:
2949:
2787:
2454:
1922:
1857:
1834:
1632:
1115:
1107:
808:
721:
300:
265:
240:
161:
6008:
2928:
Preliminary research on mushroom extracts has been conducted to determine if anti-
2698:
or cultivated. Easily cultivated and common wild mushrooms are often available in
4438:
4413:
4048:
3550:
3170:
3104:
5995:
5906:
5819:
5612:
5502:
5497:
5472:
5455:
5445:
5436:
5302:
5153:
5048:
4788:
4623:
3387:
3029:
2841:
2795:
2699:
2600:
2450:
2138:
1906:
1849:
1763:
1644:
1637:
1333:
916:
750:
531:
Commercially cultivated Japanese edible mushroom species (clockwise from left):
304:
255:
42:
17:
3945:
732:, sweet tooth fungus, hedgehog mushroom or hedgehog fungus, urchin of the woods
634:
autumn. It is considered a choice edible species while its interior flesh (the
5946:
5936:
5582:
5577:
5534:
5517:
5507:
5477:
5467:
5417:
5307:
5195:
5084:
4904:
4850:
4813:
4768:
4763:
4753:
4727:
4703:
4009:
3785:"Analysis of mushroom exposures in Texas requiring hospitalization, 2005–2006"
3625:
3005:
2967:
2608:
2589:
2557:
2537:
2478:
2466:
2300:
2105:
2054:
1878:
1523:
527:
289:
165:
4646:
4447:
4265:
3197:
2416:. As of 2021, mushroom consumption has not been shown to conclusively affect
1848:
Additionally, several varieties of fungi are known and documented to contain
797:
species are sometimes commercially harvested despite the ease of cultivation.
5990:
5941:
5888:
5661:
5512:
5382:
5357:
5245:
5230:
5215:
5210:
5069:
5000:
4990:
4887:
4877:
4808:
4793:
4758:
4495:
4469:
3465:
3110:
2940:. Some extracts have widespread use in Japan, Korea and China, as potential
2711:
2707:
2664:
2612:
2493:
2287:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2024:
1526:, and it is not known whether all of the toxin can be removed by parboiling.
1518:
1142:
793:
744:
532:
419:
411:
372:
352:
316:
312:
189:
4591:
4538:
4455:
4343:
4283:
4171:
4136:
4056:
3965:
3818:
3155:
4530:
4335:
2481:(see table). Otherwise, raw white mushrooms generally have low amounts of
1821:, the death cap. Some mushrooms that are edible for most people can cause
235:. Additionally, mushrooms can absorb chemicals within polluted locations,
227:, the death cap. Some mushrooms that are edible for most people can cause
6001:
5851:
5841:
5402:
5367:
5275:
5260:
5158:
5114:
5099:
5089:
5074:
5064:
4818:
4743:
3736:
2941:
2937:
2722:
2721:
Before assuming that any wild mushroom is edible, it should be correctly
2641:
2497:
2037:
1874:
1504:
1467:
622:
544:
380:
376:
356:
285:
208:
197:
193:
31:
4616:
4583:
3479:
Pegler, D. N.; Piearce, G. D. (1980). "The Edible Mushrooms of Zambia".
2794:, particularly the upper classes, used mushrooms for culinary purposes.
1435:
5883:
5846:
5644:
5639:
5629:
5602:
5522:
5422:
5387:
5377:
5362:
5119:
5030:
4899:
4894:
4773:
4367:
Medicinal Mushrooms: An Exploration of Tradition, Healing & Culture
3800:
3508:
2929:
2906:
2902:
2779:
2604:
2458:
2154:
2004:
1838:
1811:
1787:
1651:
1499:
1463:
1348:
1136:
813:
478:, the snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus and white jelly mushroom
244:
217:
184:. Mushrooms that have a particularly desirable taste are described as "
4257:
4128:
3023:
415:
species, the oyster mushrooms, are commonly grown at industrial scale.
231:
in others; old or improperly stored specimens can go rancid and cause
150:
are some of the most common edible mushrooms, commonly sold in stores.
5957:
5868:
5857:
5836:
5831:
5687:
5671:
5649:
5634:
5597:
5555:
5550:
5450:
5205:
5109:
4778:
4738:
2829:
2121:
1745:
319:) may be collected on a smaller scale and are sometimes available at
303:. Easily cultivated and common wild mushrooms are often available in
173:
3783:
Barbee G, Berry-Cabán C, Barry J, Borys D, Ward J, Salyer S (2009).
3500:
3990:
Ba DM, Ssentongo P, Beelman RB, Muscat J, Gao X, Richie JP (2020).
3425:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 453–454.
2412:
Higher mushroom consumption has been associated with lower risk of
1298:(parasol mushroom); globally, it is widespread in temperate regions
1149:), economically important pathogens of cereals. Known in Mexico as
5878:
5617:
5492:
5412:
5397:
5344:
5094:
5053:
4845:
4723:
4698:
2783:
2775:
1709:
1691:
1675:
1659:
1434:
1220:
1193:
740:, saffron milk cap, consumed around the world and prized in Russia
635:
526:
384:
368:
364:
342:
201:
181:
177:
169:
158:
138:
5777:
3672:. Vol. 2. Denmark: Nordic Council of Ministers. p. 50.
3276:"What's the Difference Between Cremini and Portobello Mushrooms?"
1541:(saffron milkcap), which is universally considered edible, other
5863:
5624:
5607:
5592:
4837:
2910:
2339:
1842:
502:, the pioppino, velvet pioppini, poplar or black poplar mushroom
248:
5781:
4650:
4393:. MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine. 19 January 2019
4232:
Deguchi, Shigeru; Tsujii, Kaoru; Horikoshi, Koki (2015-07-07).
3548:
was first reported in Great Britain after the wet August 2008:
1650:
In 2019, world production of commercial mushrooms and recorded
5432:
5137:
4693:
4622:
3523:"Termitomyces: exploring the world's most mysterious mushroom"
2702:; those that are more difficult to obtain (such as the prized
2462:
1946:
621:, commonly known as the sculptured giant puffball is a common
307:; those that are more difficult to obtain (such as the prized
36:
2694:
Edible mushrooms include many fungal species that are either
662:, the tube chanterelle, yellow foot chanterelle or yellow-leg
295:
Edible mushrooms include many fungal species that are either
3446:
Weber, Nancy S.; Smith, Alexander H.; Guravich, Dan (1985).
3398:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp. 158–159.
2917:. Such use of mushrooms therefore falls into the domain of
2766:
2760:
2745:
3915:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2763:
2754:
2651:
The form of vitamin D found in UV-irradiated mushrooms is
1135:, the shaggy mane, shaggy inkcap or lawyer's wig. Must be
3764:. US National Capital Poison Center, Washington, DC. 2017
1150:
556:
or edible Boletus, native to Europe, known in Italian as
4498:. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. 2017
4476:. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 3 October 2018
4113:
button mushrooms treated with ultraviolet irradiation".
3578:"Scourge No More: Chefs Invite Corn Fungus To The Plate"
2674:
has vitamin-D activity in humans, and is widely used in
1806:
hunters relying upon them have been seriously poisoned.
4636:"Pacific Northwest Seasonal Chart for Edible Mushrooms"
2504:, even after harvesting and processed into dry powder.
30:"Mushroom (food)" redirects here. For other uses, see
4187:
Field Guide to Edible Mushrooms of Britain and Europe
3450:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
2905:
from mushrooms that are thought to be treatments for
2757:
2751:
2449:
mushrooms provide 92 kilojoules (22 kilocalories) of
2686:
is more commonly used in dairy and cereal products.
1647:
species, have not yet been successfully cultivated.
5680:
5543:
5431:
5343:
5128:
5044:
4945:
4832:
4719:
4684:
4369:. Portland, Oregon: Culinary Arts Ltd. p. 20.
3335:"Cultivating Coveted Morels Year-Round and Indoors"
3175:. Columbia University Press. pp. 11, 52, 110.
2748:
2742:
2375:
2363:
2338:
2325:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2234:
2213:
2192:
2179:
2166:
2153:
2137:
2120:
2104:
2087:
2070:
2053:
2036:
2023:
2002:
1967:
1943:
1919:
1905:
1900:
1381:(weeping bolete), also known as "granulated bolete"
207:To ensure safety, wild mushrooms must be correctly
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3947:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3391:
3080:Peterson field guide to mushrooms of North America
2607:, mushrooms convert their large concentrations of
931:Common white mushrooms cooking (raw at lower left)
2496:is absent or low unless mushrooms are exposed to
2225:
2014:
323:or other local grocers. Despite long-term use in
3860:"AI tools can lead to severe mushroom poisoning"
3220:"Every Type Of Mushroom You Need To Know About"
3172:Umami: Unlocking the Secrets of the Fifth Taste
1873:, with the former containing alkaloids such as
284:, with the former containing alkaloids such as
1901:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
1454:(tawny grisette) must be cooked before eating.
1247:(fishy milkcap), also known as weeping milkcap
831:
701:
424:variable. Morels must be cooked before eating.
335:" cures or lowers the risk of human diseases.
211:before their edibility can be assumed. Deadly
5793:
4662:
1321:(dryad's saddle and pheasant's back mushroom)
581:
575:
563:
557:
8:
4474:About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products
1889:
687:
587:
569:
448:, the paddy straw mushroom or straw mushroom
2802:to ensure that mushrooms were safe to eat.
2629:is synthesized after exposure to sunlight.
1486:(the blusher) must be cooked before eating.
963:, the giant puffball at a market in England
943:Baskets of mixed culinary mushrooms at the
188:". Edible mushrooms are consumed for their
5800:
5786:
5778:
4669:
4655:
4647:
4116:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
3911:United States Food and Drug Administration
3328:
3326:
3198:"Put the science of umami to work for you"
3103:Chang, Shu-Ting; Phillip G. Miles (1989).
1984:
1888:
757:. The morel must be cooked before eating.
371:. Edible mushrooms are consumed for their
351:Mushrooms can appear either below ground (
4573:
4437:
4298:"Why you can't really overcook mushrooms"
4273:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4017:
3808:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3169:Ole G. Mouritsen; Klavs Styrbaek (2014).
1615:and similar precautions apply to them as
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2512:
2418:risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
1664:
268:species. The most commonly consumed for
3756:
3754:
3422:Mushrooms of Northeastern North America
3070:
2957:
2853:
906:
4189:. New Holland Publishers. p. 10.
3200:. Popular Science, Bonnier Corporation
1666:Mushroom and truffle production, 2019
1662:, led by China with 75% of the total:
1366:, also known as "cauliflower mushroom"
1352:; some members of this genus, such as
4104:
4102:
4100:
3858:Lapienytė, Jurgita (March 25, 2024).
2901:Medicinal mushrooms are mushrooms or
2500:or purposely treated with artificial
1896:cooked, boiled, drained, without salt
1603:(morel) must be cooked before eating.
251:—sometimes in lethal concentrations.
7:
5760:
4519:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
1856:—yet resemble perfectly edible, non-
724:; also called "lion's mane mushroom"
692:(trumpet of death) or horn of plenty
586:(white mushroom), in French as the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
3551:"New fungi species unearthed in UK"
3448:A field guide to southern mushrooms
3049:List of Chinese mushrooms and fungi
379:value. Mushrooms, especially dried
254:Several varieties of fungi contain
196:value. Mushrooms, especially dried
3333:Alla Katsnelson (April 26, 2022).
25:
4562:Experimental Biology and Medicine
3997:Current Developments in Nutrition
3306:"Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms"
2423:A commonly eaten mushroom is the
1656:Food and Agriculture Organization
1522:are toxic due to the presence of
1170:(beefsteak polypore or ox tongue)
1111:genus (pine-spikes or spike-caps)
523:Commercially harvested wild fungi
5759:
5750:
5749:
4625:The New Student's Reference Work
3576:Neimark, Jill (24 August 2015).
3022:
3008:
2979:
2960:
2868:
2856:
2738:
2588:
2563:
2391:Link to Full USDA Database entry
1756:
1738:
1720:
1702:
1684:
1444:, a conditionally-edible species
999:
985:
968:
951:
936:
924:
909:
574:(stone mushroom), in Russian as
363:effects on humans and desirable
264:—while variously resembling non-
176:effects on humans and desirable
41:
3972:from the original on 2024-05-09
3925:from the original on 2024-03-27
3196:Paul Adams (24 November 2015).
2863:A collection of dried mushrooms
1595:) must be cooked before eating.
1178:(velvet shank or winter fungus)
568:) (pig mushroom), in German as
52:needs additional citations for
4164:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.132
4083:Bowerman, S (March 31, 2008).
2932:properties exist, such as for
2923:high-quality clinical evidence
2465:. They contain high levels of
1631:has a long history, with over
836:, a mushroom highly prized in
347:Assorted wild edible mushrooms
1:
3897:10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00264-2
3832:Osborne, Tegan (2016-02-03).
3789:Journal of Medical Toxicology
3148:10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00341-5
2921:for which there is no direct
1877:and the latter predominately
1643:Some mushrooms, particularly
288:and the latter predominately
4640:Central Oregon Mushroom Club
4439:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.01.006
4085:"If mushrooms see the light"
4049:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.10.035
4036:American Journal of Medicine
2398:Percentages estimated using
1591:(field blewit, blue leg, or
1431:Conditionally edible species
945:San Francisco Ferry Building
537:buna-shimeji, bunapi-shimeji
5874:Crossing-the-bridge noodles
4412:Money, Nicholas P. (2016).
3246:"Common Types of Mushrooms"
2477:, with moderate content of
2445:-ounce) reference serving,
1654:collection reported to the
1337:genus (coral fungus family)
1127:genus (coral fungus family)
1119:genus (coral fungus family)
832:
702:
582:
6085:
6028:History of Chinese cuisine
4678:Non-timber forest products
4414:"Are mushrooms medicinal?"
3657:, 2nd ed. Ten Speed Press.
3419:Bessette, Alan E. (1997).
2894:
2815:
2659:. This is not the same as
1911:117 kJ (28 kcal)
1200:Auricularia auricula-judae
683:Craterellus cornucopioides
29:
6018:
5815:
5745:
3626:10.1007/s12231-008-9040-9
3601:Rubel W, Arora D (2008).
2618:. This is similar to the
2397:
2387:
2383:
2359:
2351:
2209:
2205:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1963:
1959:
1939:
1935:
1915:
1784:
1508:spp. share this property.
1270:(red-capped scaber stalk)
1018:Other edible wild species
812:species are symbiotes of
576:
491:Stropharia rugosoannulata
27:Edible fungi fruit bodies
3717:Usda.mannlib.cornell.edu
3713:"U.S. Mushroom Industry"
3670:Mushrooms Traded As Food
1581:Lactarius hygrophoroides
1491:Coprinopsis atramentaria
1326:Pseudohydnum gelatinosum
391:List of edible mushrooms
4010:10.1093/cdn/nzaa044_006
3693:FDA Import Alert IA2502
2891:In traditional medicine
2818:List of mushroom dishes
2680:nutritional supplements
2400:US recommendations
1397:(woolly-capped suillus)
1306:(fairy ring champignon)
1286:(orange birch bolete /
1151:
882:, Chinese black truffle
659:Craterellus tubaeformis
432:, the Shiitake mushroom
396:Commercially cultivated
5692:(Iberian agroforestry)
4930:Pacific mountain onion
3698:April 9, 2007, at the
2453:and are 92% water, 3%
2404:the National Academies
1674:Quantity (millions of
1496:Coprinus atramentarius
1470:. Although present in
1445:
1329:(toothed jelly fungus)
1288:Boletus testaceoscaber
1230:
1227:Lactarius salmonicolor
1217:Lactarius salmonicolor
1203:
1084:(St George's mushroom)
890:, smooth black truffle
860:, black summer truffle
819:Termitomyces titanicus
688:
588:
570:
564:
558:
547:
483:Hypsizygus tessellatus
348:
164:of several species of
151:
5712:Indian forest produce
5183:Hydnocarpus wightiana
4531:10.1353/pbm.2006.0034
4496:"Lentinan (Shiitake)"
4470:"Coriolus versicolor"
4336:10.1353/pbm.2006.0034
3655:Mushrooms Demystified
3653:Arora, David (1986).
3394:Mushrooms Demystified
2972:Laetiporus sulphureus
1989:Vitamins and minerals
1867:(the fly agaric) and
1593:Tricholoma personatum
1438:
1252:Laetiporus sulphureus
1224:
1197:
1190:Kalaharituber pfeilii
1183:Hygrophorus chrysodon
1101:Calvatia cyathiformis
898:, the Bagnoli truffle
675:Cortinarius caperatus
670:, blewit (or blewitt)
651:Cantharellus cibarius
618:Calbovista subsculpta
530:
460:Flammulina filiformis
453:Volvariella bombycina
346:
278:(the fly agaric) and
142:
4955:Bare-toothed russula
2968:Chicken of the woods
2946:radiation treatments
2919:traditional medicine
2638:daily recommendation
2583:7-Dehydrocholesterol
2519:Chemical composition
1852:drugs—the so-called
1629:Mushroom cultivation
1538:Lactarius deliciosus
1295:Macrolepiota procera
1267:Leccinum aurantiacum
1209:Lactarius deterrimus
1175:Flammulina velutipes
1052:(orange peel fungus)
1009:truffle, cut in half
993:Hericium coralloides
827:Tricholoma matsutake
737:Lactarius deliciosus
709:Macrolepiota procera
700:, known in Japan as
689:Trompette de la mort
678:, the Gypsy mushroom
541:king oyster mushroom
468:Flammulina velutipes
445:Volvariella volvacea
61:improve this article
5566:musical instruments
4824:Woodland strawberry
4584:10.3181/0708-MR-227
4430:2016FunB..120..449M
4250:2015NatSR...511907D
4213:. Project Gutenberg
4211:"The Forme of Cury"
3493:1980KewBu..35..475P
3256:on 16 November 2018
2991:Morchella esculenta
2483:essential nutrients
2089:Pantothenic acid (B
1897:
1667:
1613:monomethylhydrazine
1600:Morchella esculenta
1560:Lactarius paradoxus
1513:Gyromitra esculenta
1342:Rhizopogon luteolus
1318:Polyporus squamosus
1283:Leccinum versipelle
1236:Lactarius subdulcis
1094:Lycoperdon caelatum
1089:Calvatia utriformis
1060:(Caesar's mushroom)
1041:Agaricus campestris
1036:(pinewood mushroom)
1033:Agaricus silvaticus
802:Pleurotus ostreatus
778:Morchella crassipes
770:Morchella esculenta
755:Gyromitra esculenta
475:Tremella fuciformis
440:, wood ear mushroom
437:Auricularia heimuer
355:) or above ground (
333:medicinal mushrooms
329:scientific evidence
213:poisonous mushrooms
6069:Vegetarian cuisine
4365:Hobbs CJ. (1995).
4238:Scientific Reports
4185:Jordan P. (2006).
3801:10.1007/BF03161087
3527:World Agroforestry
3340:The New York Times
3224:Huffingtonpost.com
2915:medical treatments
2676:food fortification
2644:produced vitamin D
2620:reaction in humans
2431:). In a 100-gram (
2365:Other constituents
1870:Psilocybe cubensis
1823:allergic reactions
1818:Amanita phalloides
1665:
1567:Lactarius corrugis
1446:
1423:Tricholoma terreum
1394:Suillus tomentosus
1378:Suillus granulatus
1311:Polyporus mylittae
1231:
1204:
1167:Fistulina hepatica
1160:Cyttaria espinosae
895:Tuber mesentericum
717:Hericium erinaceus
611:Boletus pinophilus
548:
515:Phallus indusiatus
507:Hericium erinaceus
499:Cyclocybe aegerita
349:
281:Psilocybe cubensis
229:allergic reactions
224:A. phalloides
152:
6036:
6035:
5952:Steam pot chicken
5775:
5774:
4618:"Mushrooms"
4391:"Reishi mushroom"
4376:978-1-884360-01-5
4324:Perspect Biol Med
4258:10.1038/srep11907
4196:978-1-84537-419-8
4129:10.1021/jf803908q
4111:Agaricus bisporus
4090:Los Angeles Times
3957:978-0-309-48834-1
3679:978-92-893-2383-3
3432:978-0-8156-0388-7
3405:978-0-89815-169-5
3366:(giant puffball)"
3364:Calvatia gigantea
3310:Extension.psu.edu
3182:978-0-231-16890-8
3120:978-0-8493-1043-0
3089:978-0-544-23611-0
2876:Stuffed mushrooms
2805:The Forme of Cury
2798:were employed by
2596:
2595:
2502:ultraviolet light
2429:Agaricus bisporus
2410:
2409:
2355:
2354:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1658:was 11.9 million
1574:Lactarius volemus
1483:Amanita rubescens
1416:Suillus decipiens
1303:Marasmius oreades
1244:Lactarius volemus
1065:Armillaria mellea
1025:Agaricus arvensis
960:Calvatia gigantea
887:Tuber macrosporum
643:Calvatia gigantea
403:Agaricus bisporus
383:, are sources of
200:, are sources of
137:
136:
129:
111:
76:"Edible mushroom"
16:(Redirected from
6076:
6059:Meat substitutes
5802:
5795:
5788:
5779:
5763:
5762:
5753:
5752:
5727:Resin extraction
5717:Mushroom hunting
5693:
5439: / etc.
5293:
5186:
5021:Saffron milk cap
5011:Parasol mushroom
4851:Fiddlehead ferns
4671:
4664:
4657:
4648:
4643:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4604:
4603:
4577:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4441:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4277:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4123:(8): 3351–3355.
4106:
4095:
4094:
4080:
4069:
4068:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3812:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3708:
3702:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3664:
3658:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3636:. Archived from
3611:
3607:, as an example"
3605:Amanita muscaria
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3557:. 9 October 2008
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3397:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3302:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3252:. Archived from
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3113:. pp. 4–6.
3100:
3094:
3093:
3075:
3059:Mushroom ketchup
3032:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
2983:
2964:
2934:polysaccharide-K
2872:
2860:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2716:farmers' markets
2603:before or after
2599:When exposed to
2592:
2567:
2513:
2487:dietary minerals
2475:pantothenic acid
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2229:
2142:
2125:
2109:
2092:
2075:
2058:
2041:
2025:Vitamin A equiv.
2018:
1985:
1898:
1895:
1864:Amanita muscaria
1785:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1668:
1553:Lactarius indigo
1459:Amanita muscaria
1402:Suillus brevipes
1363:Sparassis crispa
1275:Leccinum scabrum
1261:mushroom hunters
1212:(orange milkcap)
1154:
1132:Coprinus comatus
1081:Calocybe gambosa
1068:(honey mushroom)
1057:Amanita caesarea
1049:Aleuria aurantia
1044:(field mushroom)
1028:(horse mushroom)
1003:
989:
972:
955:
940:
928:
913:
838:Japanese cuisine
835:
762:Morchella conica
705:
697:Grifola frondosa
691:
604:Boletus variipes
591:
585:
579:
578:
573:
567:
561:
429:Lentinula edodes
331:that consuming "
321:farmers' markets
275:Amanita muscaria
270:recreational use
155:Edible mushrooms
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
18:Edible mushrooms
6084:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6023:Chinese cuisine
6014:
5901:Granny's potato
5811:
5806:
5776:
5771:
5741:
5691:
5676:
5667:Vegetable ivory
5539:
5427:
5339:
5287:
5180:
5142:
5124:
5058:
5040:
5006:Oyster mushroom
4996:Meadow mushroom
4941:
4925:Twincrest onion
4828:
4732:
4715:
4686:Animal products
4680:
4675:
4634:
4615:
4612:
4607:
4575:10.1.1.546.3528
4559:
4558:
4554:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4377:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4307:
4305:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4108:
4107:
4098:
4082:
4081:
4072:
4032:
4031:
4027:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3975:
3973:
3958:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3926:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3868:
3866:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3721:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3700:Wayback Machine
3691:
3687:
3680:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3652:
3648:
3640:
3614:Economic Botany
3609:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3501:10.2307/4110017
3478:
3477:
3473:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3226:. 19 March 2014
3218:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2984:
2975:
2965:
2899:
2897:Medicinal fungi
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2878:prepared using
2873:
2864:
2861:
2838:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2692:
2685:
2673:
2668:
2661:cholecalciferol
2658:
2647:
2627:
2617:
2597:
2579:cholecalciferol
2575:
2550:
2530:
2510:
2492:The content of
2441:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2393:
2388:
2346:
2333:
2320:
2307:
2294:
2281:
2268:
2255:
2242:
2230:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2090:
2082:
2073:
2065:
2056:
2048:
2039:
2031:
2019:
1990:
1979:
1974:
1955:
1950:
1931:
1926:
1892:White mushrooms
1890:
1887:
1854:magic mushrooms
1833:pollutants and
1815:, particularly
1803:
1801:Safety concerns
1757:
1755:
1739:
1737:
1721:
1719:
1703:
1701:
1685:
1683:
1626:
1433:
1389:(slippery jack)
1371:Suillus bovinus
1147:Ustilago maydis
1020:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1004:
995:
990:
981:
980:at various ages
973:
964:
956:
947:
941:
932:
929:
920:
914:
785:Morchella elata
729:Hydnum repandum
627:Rocky Mountains
597:Boletus griseus
525:
398:
393:
341:
261:magic mushrooms
239:pollutants and
221:, particularly
148:enoki mushrooms
144:White mushrooms
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6082:
6080:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6054:Lists of foods
6051:
6041:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5971:Sichuan pepper
5968:
5961:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5942:Pineapple rice
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5898:
5895:Jidou liangfen
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5809:Yunnan cuisine
5807:
5805:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5782:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5757:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5732:Rubber tapping
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5698:Forest farming
5695:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5334:Vateria indica
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:Shorea robusta
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4980:Honey mushroom
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4863:
4861:Mahuwa flowers
4858:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4840:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4632:
4611:
4610:External links
4608:
4606:
4605:
4552:
4509:
4487:
4461:
4424:(4): 449–453.
4418:Fungal Biology
4404:
4382:
4375:
4357:
4314:
4289:
4224:
4202:
4195:
4177:
4158:(2): 396–401.
4152:Food Chemistry
4142:
4096:
4070:
4043:(5): 637–642.
4025:
3982:
3956:
3935:
3902:
3891:(3): 273–281.
3885:Food Chemistry
3875:
3850:
3824:
3775:
3750:
3728:
3711:John Fereira.
3703:
3685:
3678:
3659:
3646:
3643:on 2012-04-15.
3620:(3): 223–243.
3593:
3568:
3546:T. mesenterium
3538:
3514:
3471:
3456:
3438:
3431:
3411:
3404:
3379:
3353:
3322:
3292:
3280:Thekitchen.com
3267:
3250:Realsimple.com
3237:
3211:
3188:
3181:
3161:
3142:(7–8): 694–6.
3126:
3119:
3095:
3088:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:Chaga mushroom
3035:
3034:
3033:
3019:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2895:Main article:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2837:
2834:
2824:
2821:
2813:
2810:
2800:Roman emperors
2788:Ancient Romans
2730:
2727:
2696:harvested wild
2691:
2688:
2683:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2655:, or vitamin D
2653:ergocalciferol
2645:
2625:
2615:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2585:in the skin).
2576:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2554:ergocalciferol
2551:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2534:ergocalciferol
2531:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2425:white mushroom
2408:
2407:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1886:
1883:
1827:food poisoning
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:United Nations
1782:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1633:twenty species
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1608:Verpa bohemica
1604:
1596:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1527:
1509:
1487:
1479:
1455:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1412:
1409:Suillus pictus
1405:
1398:
1390:
1386:Suillus luteus
1382:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1279:
1278:(birch bolete)
1271:
1263:
1259:popular among
1257:bracket fungus
1248:
1240:
1239:(mild milkcap)
1232:
1213:
1205:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1156:
1140:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1097:
1085:
1077:
1073:Boletus badius
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:Black Périgord
1005:
998:
996:
991:
984:
982:
977:Boletus edulis
974:
967:
965:
957:
950:
948:
942:
935:
933:
930:
923:
921:
915:
908:
905:
904:
903:
902:
901:
900:
899:
891:
883:
875:
868:
861:
857:Tuber aestivum
841:
823:
805:
798:
790:
789:
788:
781:
774:
766:
764:var. deliciosa
741:
733:
725:
713:
693:
679:
671:
667:Clitocybe nuda
663:
655:
647:
639:
614:
607:
600:
593:
553:Boletus edulis
524:
521:
520:
519:
511:
503:
495:
487:
479:
471:
464:
456:
449:
441:
433:
425:
416:
408:
397:
394:
392:
389:
340:
337:
327:, there is no
297:harvested wild
258:compounds—the
233:food poisoning
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6081:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6064:Vegan cuisine
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:Banana flower
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5768:
5767:
5758:
5756:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5707:Honey hunting
5705:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:Coconut sugar
5461:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5037:
5036:Yellow knight
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5026:Slippery jack
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4856:Heart of palm
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:Edible plants
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Juniper berry
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4672:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4628:
4626:
4619:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4568:(3): 259–76.
4567:
4563:
4556:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4525:(2): 159–70.
4524:
4520:
4513:
4510:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4405:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:(2): 159–70.
4329:
4325:
4318:
4315:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4225:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4029:
4026:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3939:
3936:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3876:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3851:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3776:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3606:
3597:
3594:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3569:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3457:0-472-85615-4
3453:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3368:. Kew Gardens
3367:
3365:
3357:
3354:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3199:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Mushroom diet
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:List of foods
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3006:
3001:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2925:of efficacy.
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2890:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2822:
2819:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2455:carbohydrates
2452:
2448:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:breast cancer
2405:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2055:Riboflavin (B
2052:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:Carbohydrates
1918:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:United States
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1588:Lepista saeva
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:. Some other
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:ibotenic acid
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:is edible if
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:Amanita fulva
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1426:(grey knight)
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:Clavulinaceae
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1002:
997:
994:
988:
983:
979:
978:
971:
966:
962:
961:
954:
949:
946:
939:
934:
927:
922:
918:
912:
907:
897:
896:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
880:
879:Tuber indicum
876:
874:
873:
872:Tuber brumale
869:
867:
866:
865:Tuber borchii
862:
859:
858:
854:
853:
851:
850:trufficulture
847:
846:
842:
839:
834:
829:
828:
824:
821:
820:
815:
811:
810:
806:
804:
803:
799:
796:
795:
791:
787:
786:
782:
780:
779:
775:
773:
771:
767:
765:
763:
759:
758:
756:
752:
747:
746:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
719:
718:
714:
711:
710:
704:
699:
698:
694:
690:
685:
684:
680:
677:
676:
672:
669:
668:
664:
661:
660:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
632:
631:Pacific Coast
628:
624:
620:
619:
615:
613:
612:
608:
606:
605:
601:
599:
598:
594:
590:
584:
572:
566:
560:
559:fungo porcino
555:
554:
550:
549:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
522:
517:
516:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
500:
496:
493:
492:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
476:
472:
470:
469:
465:
462:
461:
457:
455:
454:
450:
447:
446:
442:
439:
438:
434:
431:
430:
426:
422:
421:
417:
414:
413:
409:
405:
404:
400:
399:
395:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
345:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
325:folk medicine
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
219:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
149:
145:
141:
131:
128:
120:
117:November 2018
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6049:Edible fungi
6007:
6000:
5986:Sweet potato
5981:Spring rolls
5976:Shiping tofu
5963:
5956:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5893:
5856:
5824:
5764:
5737:Wildcrafting
5722:Naval stores
5700: /
5688:
5657:Tendu leaves
5613:Natural dyes
5483:Gutta-percha
5435: /
5373:Frankincense
5333:
5289:
5246:Mango butter
5191:Cocoa butter
5182:
5179:Chaulmoogra
5149:Allanblackia
5080:Black pepper
4965:Birch bolete
4946:
4915:Canada onion
4900:Wild ginseng
4895:Saw palmetto
4836: /
4726: /
4639:
4624:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4500:. Retrieved
4490:
4478:. Retrieved
4473:
4464:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4395:. Retrieved
4385:
4366:
4360:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4306:. Retrieved
4304:. 2022-07-20
4301:
4292:
4244:(1): 11907.
4241:
4237:
4227:
4215:. Retrieved
4205:
4186:
4180:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4088:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4001:
3995:
3985:
3974:. Retrieved
3946:
3938:
3927:. Retrieved
3918:
3905:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3867:. Retrieved
3863:
3853:
3841:. Retrieved
3837:
3827:
3795:(2): 59–62.
3792:
3788:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3741:. Retrieved
3731:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:
3706:
3688:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3638:the original
3617:
3613:
3604:
3596:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:
3571:
3559:. Retrieved
3554:
3545:
3541:
3530:. Retrieved
3526:
3517:
3484:
3481:Kew Bulletin
3480:
3474:
3447:
3441:
3421:
3414:
3393:
3388:Arora, David
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3363:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3338:
3313:. Retrieved
3309:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3254:the original
3249:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3223:
3214:
3202:. Retrieved
3191:
3171:
3164:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3105:
3098:
3079:
3073:
3016:Fungi portal
2990:
2987:Common morel
2971:
2950:chemotherapy
2927:
2900:
2839:
2826:
2803:
2796:Food tasters
2733:
2732:
2720:
2693:
2650:
2631:
2598:
2491:
2446:
2428:
2422:
2411:
2369:
2364:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1969:
1945:
1921:
1868:
1862:
1858:psychoactive
1847:
1837:, including
1835:heavy metals
1831:accumulating
1816:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1778:
1773:
1649:
1642:
1638:chanterelles
1627:
1616:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1471:
1457:
1449:
1439:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1358:, are edible
1353:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1225:
1215:
1207:
1198:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1146:
1130:
1122:
1116:Clavariaceae
1114:
1108:Chroogomphus
1106:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1079:
1076:(bay bolete)
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
992:
975:
958:
917:Chanterelles
893:
885:
877:
870:
863:
855:
849:
843:
825:
817:
809:Termitomyces
807:
800:
792:
783:
776:
772:var. rotunda
768:
760:
754:
753:, including
751:false morels
743:
735:
727:
722:tooth fungus
715:
707:
695:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
641:
616:
609:
602:
595:
551:
513:
505:
497:
489:
481:
473:
466:
458:
451:
443:
435:
427:
418:
410:
401:
350:
294:
279:
273:
266:psychoactive
259:
253:
241:heavy metals
237:accumulating
222:
216:
206:
185:
162:fruit bodies
154:
153:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
5996:Xuanwei ham
5820:Adzuki bean
5672:Willow bark
5503:Maple syrup
5498:Maple sugar
5473:Fruit syrup
5456:chewing gum
5446:Birch syrup
5303:Shea butter
4975:Chanterelle
4920:Crow garlic
4910:Bear garlic
4905:Wild onions
4883:filé powder
4804:Lingonberry
4789:Huckleberry
4302:www.pbs.org
3204:11 December
3030:Food portal
2682:, vitamin D
2581:(made from
2556:(made from
2461:, and 0.3%
2451:food energy
2038:Thiamine (B
1850:psychedelic
1764:Netherlands
1645:mycorrhizal
1624:Cultivation
1535:Apart from
1472:A. muscaria
1441:A. muscaria
1334:Ramariaceae
1152:huitlacoche
919:in the wild
712:properties.
373:nutritional
339:Description
256:psychedelic
190:nutritional
6043:Categories
5937:Palm sugar
5932:Nashi pear
5583:Birch beer
5578:Birch bark
5535:Spruce gum
5518:akpeteshie
5508:Palm sugar
5478:Gum arabic
5468:Date sugar
5418:Turpentine
5298:Sandalwood
5201:Eucalyptus
5196:Eucalyptol
5085:Brazil nut
4960:Bay bolete
4814:Strawberry
4769:Cocoa bean
4764:Breadfruit
4754:Blackberry
4728:tree fruit
4502:11 January
4480:24 January
4397:24 January
4308:2024-01-26
4004:(2): 307.
3976:2024-06-21
3929:2024-03-28
3869:2024-03-31
3768:11 January
3722:2010-05-30
3587:2020-05-18
3532:2022-08-18
3487:(3): 475.
3315:23 October
3285:23 October
3260:23 October
3230:23 October
3066:References
2880:portabello
2816:See also:
2723:identified
2609:ergosterol
2558:ergosterol
2538:lumisterol
2522:Structure
2479:phosphorus
2467:riboflavin
2301:Phosphorus
1879:psilocybin
1524:gyromitrin
577:Белый гриб
301:cultivated
290:psilocybin
243:including
209:identified
166:macrofungi
87:newspapers
6009:Zhe'ergen
5991:Tangerine
5947:Pu'er tea
5927:Mushrooms
5889:Jackfruit
5702:gardening
5662:Thatching
5513:Palm wine
5358:Birch tar
5286:Sal-seed
5211:Japan wax
5164:Candlenut
5105:Malva nut
5070:Areca nut
4991:Matsutake
4947:Mushrooms
4888:root beer
4878:Sassafras
4866:Sago palm
4809:Raspberry
4794:Jackfruit
4759:Blueberry
4711:Wild game
4570:CiteSeerX
4448:1878-6146
4266:2045-2322
4065:229179866
3864:Cybernews
3561:9 October
3136:Nutrition
3111:CRC Press
2942:adjuvants
2882:mushrooms
2734:Mycophagy
2708:matsutake
2665:vitamin D
2663:, called
2624:vitamin D
2613:vitamin D
2572:Vitamin D
2547:Vitamin D
2527:Vitamin D
2508:Vitamin D
2494:vitamin D
2314:Potassium
2288:Manganese
2275:Magnesium
2194:Vitamin K
2181:Vitamin E
2168:Vitamin D
2139:Vitamin B
2122:Folate (B
2106:Vitamin B
2072:Niacin (B
1885:Nutrition
1617:Gyromitra
1544:Lactarius
1531:Lactarius
1519:Gyromitra
1464:parboiled
1143:Corn smut
833:matsutake
794:Pleurotus
745:Morchella
583:Bely grib
571:Steinpilz
533:enokitake
420:Morchella
412:Pleurotus
361:poisonous
353:hypogeous
313:matsutake
174:poisonous
6002:Xidoufen
5852:Eggplant
5842:Barbeque
5755:Category
5571:textiles
5403:Pine tar
5368:Creosote
5318:Tea-tree
5313:Tea-seed
5281:Pongamia
5271:Phulwara
5256:Nagkesar
5251:Murumuru
5226:Kpangnan
5174:Carnauba
5115:Pine nut
5100:Hazelnut
5090:Cinnamon
5075:Bay leaf
5065:Allspice
4987:(reishi)
4819:Tamarind
4784:Gambooge
4744:Bilberry
4592:18296732
4547:29723996
4539:16702701
4456:27020147
4352:29723996
4344:16702701
4284:26148792
4217:17 March
4172:22868105
4137:19281276
4057:33309597
3970:Archived
3966:30844154
3923:Archived
3913:(2024).
3838:ABC News
3819:19415588
3696:Archived
3634:19585416
3555:BBC News
3466:10207909
3390:(1986).
3372:8 August
3156:10906601
3002:See also
2938:lentinan
2907:diseases
2903:extracts
2812:Culinary
2642:sunlight
2622:, where
2601:UV light
2498:sunlight
2447:Agaricus
2370:Quantity
2327:Selenium
2222:Quantity
2216:Minerals
2011:Quantity
2005:Vitamins
1875:muscimol
1786:Source:
1619:species.
1505:Coprinus
1468:muscimol
1355:R. laeta
814:termites
623:puffball
562:(plural
545:shiitake
387:flavor.
381:shiitake
377:culinary
357:epigeous
286:muscimol
204:flavor.
198:shiitake
194:culinary
157:are the
32:Mushroom
5921:Mi xian
5884:Hot pot
5869:Flowers
5847:Coconut
5766:Commons
5681:Related
5645:Tanbark
5640:Shellac
5630:Quinine
5603:Gambier
5523:ogogoro
5423:Varnish
5388:Lacquer
5378:Gamboge
5363:Camphor
5353:Benzoin
5263: (
5169:Capuacu
5154:Babassu
5120:Vanilla
5031:Truffle
5016:Red cap
4985:Lingzhi
4774:Coconut
4749:Binukaw
4724:Berries
4630:. 1914.
4600:5643894
4426:Bibcode
4275:4493705
4246:Bibcode
4019:7258270
3810:3550325
3743:3 March
3509:4110017
3489:Bibcode
3346:June 9,
2930:disease
2846:pickled
2836:Storage
2823:Cooking
2729:History
2704:truffle
2700:markets
2605:harvest
2459:protein
2440:⁄
2334:13.4 μg
2236:Calcium
2162:19.9 mg
2155:Choline
1971:Protein
1839:arsenic
1812:Amanita
1790:of the
1788:FAOSTAT
1671:Country
1652:truffle
1500:coprine
1349:Russula
703:maitake
625:of the
565:porcini
309:truffle
305:markets
245:arsenic
218:Amanita
101:scholar
5965:Rushan
5958:Rubing
5914:Mi gan
5858:Erkuai
5832:Bamboo
5689:Dehesa
5650:tannin
5635:Rattan
5598:Forage
5561:edible
5556:Bamboo
5551:Amadou
5530:Rubber
5451:Chicle
5393:Mastic
5345:Resins
5328:Ucuuba
5323:Tucuma
5308:Tamanu
5265:kernel
5236:Mafura
5206:Illipe
5159:Bacuri
5110:Nutmeg
5054:spices
4779:Durian
4739:Banana
4627:
4598:
4590:
4572:
4545:
4537:
4454:
4446:
4373:
4350:
4342:
4282:
4272:
4264:
4193:
4170:
4135:
4063:
4055:
4016:
3964:
3954:
3817:
3807:
3676:
3632:
3507:
3464:
3454:
3429:
3402:
3179:
3154:
3117:
3086:
2830:chitin
2792:Greeks
2782:, the
2710:, and
2540:, 1:1
2473:, and
2471:niacin
2379:91.1 g
2347:0.9 mg
2321:356 mg
2295:0.1 mg
2269:1.7 mg
2256:0.5 mg
2249:Copper
2116:0.1 mg
2100:2.2 mg
2083:4.5 mg
2066:0.3 mg
2049:0.1 mg
1907:Energy
1761:
1746:Poland
1743:
1725:
1707:
1689:
1676:tonnes
1660:tonnes
1137:cooked
1092:(syn.
830:, the
315:, and
186:choice
159:fleshy
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
5879:Honey
5864:Ferns
5618:henna
5593:Ferns
5544:Other
5493:Latex
5413:Rosin
5408:Pitch
5398:Myrrh
5383:Kauri
5241:Mahua
5231:Kusum
5221:Kombo
5216:Kokum
5138:waxes
5095:Clove
5001:Morel
4935:Ramps
4871:queen
4846:Betel
4838:roots
4699:Honey
4596:S2CID
4543:S2CID
4348:S2CID
4061:S2CID
3843:2 May
3641:(PDF)
3630:S2CID
3610:(PDF)
3505:JSTOR
2911:drugs
2842:dried
2784:mummy
2776:Chile
2712:morel
2611:into
2536:with
2457:, 3%
2376:Water
2308:87 mg
2282:12 mg
2175:21 IU
2133:18 μg
1978:2.2 g
1954:0.5 g
1930:5.3 g
1779:11.90
1774:World
1768:0.30
1750:0.36
1732:0.38
1714:0.47
1710:Japan
1696:8.94
1692:China
845:Tuber
636:gleba
385:umami
369:aroma
365:taste
317:morel
202:umami
182:aroma
178:taste
170:fungi
108:JSTOR
94:books
5907:Lufu
5826:Baba
5625:Peat
5608:Moss
5588:Cork
5488:Kino
5276:Pilu
5261:Palm
5049:Nuts
4704:pine
4694:Furs
4588:PMID
4535:PMID
4504:2017
4482:2019
4452:PMID
4444:ISSN
4399:2019
4371:ISBN
4340:PMID
4280:PMID
4262:ISSN
4219:2024
4191:ISBN
4168:PMID
4133:PMID
4053:PMID
3962:PMID
3952:ISBN
3845:2016
3815:PMID
3770:2017
3745:2021
3674:ISBN
3563:2008
3462:OCLC
3452:ISBN
3427:ISBN
3400:ISBN
3374:2015
3348:2023
3317:2018
3287:2018
3262:2018
3232:2018
3206:2015
3177:ISBN
3152:PMID
3115:ISBN
3084:ISBN
2948:and
2944:for
2790:and
2780:Ötzi
2690:Uses
2678:and
2516:Name
2340:Zinc
2262:Iron
2243:6 mg
2201:0 μg
2188:0 mg
2149:0 μg
2032:0 μg
1843:iron
1841:and
1546:spp.
1533:spp.
720:, a
629:and
589:cèpe
543:and
375:and
367:and
272:are
249:iron
247:and
192:and
180:and
146:and
80:news
5437:gum
5433:Sap
5133:Oil
4970:Cep
4580:doi
4566:233
4527:doi
4434:doi
4422:120
4332:doi
4270:PMC
4254:doi
4160:doi
4156:135
4125:doi
4045:doi
4041:134
4014:PMC
4006:doi
3919:FDA
3893:doi
3805:PMC
3797:doi
3622:doi
3582:NPR
3497:doi
3144:doi
2936:or
2913:or
2844:or
2636:'s
2634:FDA
2463:fat
2332:24%
2319:12%
2254:56%
2227:%DV
2098:44%
2081:28%
2064:23%
2016:%DV
1947:Fat
299:or
63:by
6045::
4638:.
4621:.
4594:.
4586:.
4578:.
4564:.
4541:.
4533:.
4523:49
4521:.
4472:.
4450:.
4442:.
4432:.
4420:.
4416:.
4346:.
4338:.
4328:49
4326:.
4300:.
4278:.
4268:.
4260:.
4252:.
4240:.
4236:.
4166:.
4154:.
4131:.
4121:57
4119:.
4099:^
4087:.
4073:^
4059:.
4051:.
4039:.
4012:.
4000:.
3994:.
3968:.
3960:.
3921:.
3917:.
3889:69
3887:.
3862:.
3836:.
3813:.
3803:.
3791:.
3787:.
3753:^
3715:.
3628:.
3618:62
3616:.
3612:.
3580:.
3553:.
3525:.
3503:.
3495:.
3485:35
3483:.
3460:.
3337:.
3325:^
3308:.
3295:^
3278:.
3248:.
3222:.
3150:.
3140:16
3138:.
3109:.
2952:.
2848:.
2778:.
2764:dʒ
2746:aɪ
2706:,
2648:.
2560:)
2489:.
2469:,
2420:.
2345:8%
2306:7%
2293:4%
2280:3%
2267:9%
2241:0%
2199:0%
2186:0%
2173:3%
2160:4%
2147:0%
2141:12
2131:5%
2114:6%
2047:8%
2030:0%
1678:)
1474:,
686:,
580:,
539:,
535:,
311:,
292:.
5801:e
5794:t
5787:v
5292:)
5288:(
5267:)
5185:)
5181:(
4670:e
4663:t
4656:v
4642:.
4602:.
4582::
4549:.
4529::
4506:.
4484:.
4458:.
4436::
4428::
4401:.
4379:.
4354:.
4334::
4311:.
4286:.
4256::
4248::
4242:5
4221:.
4199:.
4174:.
4162::
4139:.
4127::
4093:.
4067:.
4047::
4022:.
4008::
4002:4
3979:.
3932:.
3899:.
3895::
3872:.
3847:.
3821:.
3799::
3793:5
3772:.
3747:.
3725:.
3682:.
3624::
3590:.
3565:.
3535:.
3511:.
3499::
3491::
3468:.
3435:.
3408:.
3376:.
3362:"
3350:.
3319:.
3289:.
3264:.
3234:.
3208:.
3185:.
3158:.
3146::
3123:.
3092:.
2993:)
2989:(
2974:)
2970:(
2770:/
2767:i
2761:ə
2758:f
2755:ɒ
2752:k
2749:ˈ
2743:m
2740:/
2736:(
2684:3
2672:2
2667:3
2657:2
2646:2
2626:3
2616:2
2574:3
2549:2
2529:1
2442:2
2438:1
2435:+
2433:3
2427:(
2406:.
2126:)
2124:9
2108:6
2093:)
2091:5
2076:)
2074:3
2059:)
2057:2
2042:)
2040:1
1894:,
1494:(
1290:)
1145:(
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840:.
168:(
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124:(
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115:(
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98:·
91:·
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