740:, in contrast, argued that the word was likely to have been Dravidian in origin, on the basis that Tamil and Malayalam "hardly ever substitute (Retroflex approximant) 'ɻ' peculiarly Dravidian sound, for Sanskrit -'l'-." He suggests that the name "Eelam" came from the Dravidian word "Eelam" (or Cilam) meaning "toddy", referring to the palm trees in Sri Lanka, and later absorbed into Indo-Aryan languages. This, he says, is also likely to have been the source for the Pali '"Sihala". The Dravidian Etymological Dictionary, which was jointly edited by Thomas Burrow and
2282:
2318:
2306:
36:
365:
355:
1738:
421:
822:
Another theory based on archeological evidence suggests the word is a Tamil word which originated from South India. Also the Tamil meaning of "Eelam" is postulated to be homeland.
1888:
1514:
1873:
1683:
280:
240:
1919:
1878:
1780:
1462:
Ubayasiri, Kasun (January 2005). "A virtual Eelam: Democracy, Internet and Sri Lanka's Tamil struggle". In Gann, Steven; Gomez, James; Johannen, Uwe (eds.).
370:
1797:
1311:
1863:
414:
1128:
930:
704:, cites the word as an example of the omission of initial sibilants in the adoption of Indo-Aryan words into Dravidian languages. Sri Lankan historian
1621:
154:
1855:
1657:
202:
1939:
1240:
2244:
2039:
1775:
1558:
101:
1792:
1507:
1452:
1294:
992:
407:
912:
were originally from Eelam. The consciousness of the South Indian
Eelavar caste being of Sri Lankan origin is not older than 150–200 years.
1964:
1698:
260:
1893:
1845:
1770:
315:
2265:
2025:
1835:
1393:
1385:
2338:
2260:
1471:
1071:
1046:
1021:
54:
497:
The exact etymology and the original meaning of the word are not clearly known, and there are number of conflicting theories. The
2285:
1883:
1840:
1708:
1500:
350:
330:
320:
1868:
712:. The earliest occurrence of the name Eelam is in the Brahmi inscriptions of South India in which it occurs as Ila (Eela), the
2232:
661:
Eelavar now refers to the citizens of the proposed Tamil Eelam, which would have taken up the northern and eastern parts of
574:
981:
Schalk, Peter (2004). "Robert
Caldwell's Derivation īlam<sīhala: A Critical Assessment". In Chevillard, Jean-Luc (ed.).
2199:
1825:
1601:
1339:
192:
111:
2296:
1678:
235:
2348:
2237:
2030:
1999:
1765:
1132:
934:
2141:
1787:
568:: erukatur eelakutumpikan polalaiyan "Polalaiyan, (resident of) Erukatur, the husbandman (householder) from Eelam."
2176:
2108:
1820:
1815:
1723:
1703:
1553:
1532:
383:
335:
290:
275:
2225:
2184:
1934:
1244:
560:
and dated on palaeographical grounds to the 1st century BCE, refers to a person as a householder from Eelam (
2020:
1929:
1914:
1830:
1652:
583:
197:
129:
91:
1713:
1606:
285:
212:
139:
81:
599:
2215:
2194:
1662:
1616:
1252:
1140:
1099:
942:
812:
591:
498:
345:
255:
207:
182:
29:
2343:
2189:
2151:
1909:
1733:
1178:
705:
687:
360:
308:
2220:
1631:
1611:
1568:
819:
up until the medieval period, and states that the derivation of īḻam from sīhaḷa is not plausible.
513:
265:
230:
149:
2156:
1924:
1693:
1578:
1444:
1333:
1220:
1212:
984:
South-Indian
Horizons: Felicitation Volume for François Gros on the occasion of his 70th birthday
270:
250:
708:
in his thesis released in 1965 suggested that the people from whose named Eelam is derived were
2116:
1573:
1523:
1467:
1448:
1389:
1290:
1067:
1042:
1017:
988:
545:
340:
172:
62:
815:, concludes that it is a proper Dravidian word used exclusively for toddy beginning from the
2322:
2146:
2126:
1688:
1583:
1563:
1487:
1410:
1362:
1204:
768:
709:
692:
549:
395:
245:
106:
2166:
2136:
2121:
1636:
1265:
1153:
1112:
1087:
955:
701:
697:
595:
850:
is found in
Prakrit inscriptions dated to 2nd century BCE in Sri Lanka in terms such as
2053:
1593:
1091:
741:
658:
517:
471:
454:
438:
187:
134:
2332:
2310:
2161:
2131:
1287:
The evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils in Sri Lanka C. 300 BCE to C. 1200 CE
1224:
1192:
889:
862:
in these inscriptions is unknown although one could deduce that they are either from
737:
639:
610:
period dating from 9th century CE link the word with toddy, toddy tapper's quarters (
390:
759:
as a name of an ethnic group, and eventually it came to be applied to the island as
2004:
1994:
808:
788:
541:
525:
177:
21:
This article is about the Tamil name for Sri Lanka. For the ideological state, see
2305:
982:
2081:
2067:
1718:
1353:
Stokke, K.; Ryntveit, A.K. (2000). "The
Struggle for Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka".
897:
767:
tree or vice versa in Tamil. He believes the early native names for the present
643:
475:
325:
22:
35:
2095:
2074:
1728:
1208:
816:
756:
557:
295:
1411:"Eezham Thamizh and Tamil Eelam: Understanding the terminologies of identity"
1195:(1947). "Dravidian Studies VI — The loss of initial c/s in South Dravidian".
2046:
1366:
1316:
1092:"A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages"
662:
521:
487:
479:
96:
86:
44:
1382:
An
Introduction to World Politics: Conflict and Consensus on a Small Planet
1492:
1175:
Dravidian settlements in Ceylon and the beginning of the
Kingdom of Jaffna
763:. He also believes that the name of the island was applied to the popular
2060:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1626:
1414:
764:
144:
2088:
1984:
780:
725:
713:
603:
582:(food from Eelam). One of the prominent Sangam Tamil poets is known as
553:
509:
1216:
1974:
905:
879:
627:
623:
483:
76:
885:
607:
34:
1464:
987:. Pondichéry: Institut Français de Pondichéry. pp. 347–364.
900:
regarding a legendary origin for caste of toddy drawers known as
747:
Karthigesu
Indrapala updated his theory in 2005 and claims that
721:
683:
491:
1496:
716:
form of the Eelam. He derived Eelam from
Sinhala as follows;
884:
Eelavar in South Indian medieval inscriptions refer to the
626:
is a caste of toddy tappers found in the southern parts of
866:, a geographic location, or were an ethnic group known as
1355:
Growth and Change: A Journal of Urban and Regional Policy
678:
Late-19th-century linguists took the view that the name
1243:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from
744:, marks the Indo-Aryan etymology with a question mark.
1197:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
2294:
896:. From the 19th century onwards, sources appeared in
892:, drawn from the Dravidian word for palm tree toddy,
516:, now only retained in the closely related languages
755:, is attested in Sri Lanka for centuries before the
2253:
2208:
2175:
2107:
2013:
1952:
1902:
1854:
1808:
1758:
1751:
1671:
1645:
1592:
1546:
1539:
1039:
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot
1380:Collin, Richard Oliver; Martin, Pamela L. (2012).
586:meaning Poothan-thevan (proper name) hailing from
524:. Conventionally it has been represented in the
797:
718:
566:
1131:. Madras: University of Madras. Archived from
933:. Madras: University of Madras. Archived from
1508:
1270:(Online edition at the University of Chicago)
1158:(Online edition at the University of Chicago)
960:(Online edition at the University of Chicago)
415:
8:
1920:Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America
1441:Ilam<Sihala?:An Assessment of an Argument
1280:
1278:
1276:
1168:
1166:
1164:
602:: 88, 366). The Tamil inscriptions from the
1320:. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009
540:The earliest use of the word is found in a
28:"Īḻam" redirects here. For other uses, see
2010:
1755:
1543:
1515:
1501:
1493:
1239:Burrow, T.A.; Emeneau, M.B., eds. (1984).
1064:Politics of Tamil Nationalism in Sri Lanka
422:
408:
49:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
2301:
1940:Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam
1066:. South Asian Publishers. p. 122.
921:
482:. Eelam is also the Tamil name for the
61:
1331:
1289:. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa. p. 313.
1261:
1250:
1149:
1138:
1108:
1097:
951:
940:
1241:"A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary"
453:
7:
1007:
1005:
638:are refers to coinages found in the
1771:Government of the Northern Province
1386:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
1836:Democratic Tamil National Alliance
1127:University of Madras (1924–1936).
929:University of Madras (1924–1936).
14:
1041:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 4155.
728:)>Sîḷa>Iḷa>Iḻam (Eelam).
2316:
2304:
2281:
2280:
2026:Representations in Indian cinema
1846:Tamil People's National Alliance
799:Iḷa (Eela)>Sihaḷa>Simhaḷa.
1699:Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact
1062:Sivarajah, Ambalavanar (1996).
1012:Civattampi, Kārttikēcu (2005).
858:, proper names. The meaning of
811:, a professor of theology from
16:Native Tamil name for Sri Lanka
1285:Indrapala, Karthigesu (2007).
1173:Indrapala, Karthigesu (1965).
842:are etymologically related to
544:inscription as well as in the
1:
1841:Tamil National People's Front
1826:Tamil United Liberation Front
1016:. Aivakam. pp. 134–135.
908:. These theories stated that
618:), a class of toddy tappers (
1014:Being a Tamil and Sri Lankan
2238:Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu
1766:Northern Provincial Council
1488:Detailed etymology of Eelam
1094:. London: Trübner & Co.
659:Tamil separatist movements.
2365:
1788:Eastern Provincial Council
1739:NPC Resolution on Genocide
1658:Wesleyan Methodist Mission
877:
657:have been taken up by the
649:Since the 1980s the words
564:). The inscription reads,
470:in English) is the native
203:Wesleyan Methodist Mission
27:
20:
2278:
1816:All Ceylon Tamil Congress
1724:Burning of Jaffna library
1559:Tissamaharama inscription
1554:History of Eastern Tamils
1533:List of Sri Lankan Tamils
1530:
1338:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1312:"Origin of 'Tamil Eelam'"
1209:10.1017/s0041977x00079969
874:South Indian caste theory
614:), tax on toddy tapping (
442:
384:History of Eastern Tamils
291:Burning of Jaffna library
102:Tissamaharama inscription
2339:Sri Lankan Tamil history
2226:Nallur Kandaswamy temple
1935:Tamil Youth Organisation
1930:Tamils Against Genocide
1915:Canadian Tamil Congress
1831:Tamil National Alliance
1653:American Ceylon Mission
1524:Sri Lankan Tamil people
1367:10.1111/0017-4815.00129
584:Eelattu Poothanthevanar
552:inscription found near
198:American Ceylon Mission
2177:Languages and dialects
1714:Vaddukoddai Resolution
1439:Schalk, Peter (2004).
1260:Cite journal requires
1148:Cite journal requires
1107:Cite journal requires
950:Cite journal requires
801:
795:in the 5th century CE.
771:ethnic group, such as
730:
720:Sinhaḷa>Sîhaḷa (in
572:The Sangam literature
570:
286:Vaddukoddai Resolution
213:Donoughmore Commission
82:Ancient clans of Lanka
47:
1663:Jaffna Youth Congress
1617:Kotagama inscriptions
813:University of Uppsala
775:, are derivations of
682:was derived from the
499:Retroflex approximant
346:Indo-Sri Lanka Accord
208:Jaffna Youth Congress
183:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
43:, the Tamil name for
38:
30:Ilam (disambiguation)
1910:British Tamils Forum
1179:University of London
1135:on 12 December 2012.
937:on 12 December 2012.
831:Ancient ethnic group
706:Karthigesu Indrapala
508:is a characteristic
490:(an intoxicant) and
478:island now known as
2221:Naguleswaram temple
1622:Portuguese conquest
1612:Jaffna Palace ruins
1569:Ketheeswaram temple
1037:Lal, Mohan (1992).
688:Indo-Aryan language
514:Dravidian languages
231:Soulbury Commission
155:Portuguese conquest
2349:Names of Sri Lanka
1925:Global Tamil Forum
1579:Munneswaram temple
1445:Uppsala University
193:Colebrooke-Cameron
48:
2292:
2291:
2274:
2273:
1948:
1947:
1809:Political parties
1747:
1746:
1574:Koneswaram temple
1454:978-91-554-5972-7
1310:Sitampalam, S.K.
1296:978-955-1266-72-1
1181:. pp. 26–29.
994:978-2-85539-630-9
636:Eela-karung-kaasu
598:: 189, 360, 343;
546:Sangam literature
528:with the digraph
432:
431:
341:Thimpu principles
225:Post independence
173:Portuguese Ceylon
63:Sri Lankan Tamils
2356:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2284:
2283:
2185:Batticaloa Tamil
2011:
1756:
1689:Sinhala Only Act
1584:Tenavaram temple
1564:Annaicoddai seal
1544:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1477:
1458:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1282:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1170:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1136:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1088:Caldwell, Robert
1084:
1078:
1077:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1009:
1000:
998:
978:
961:
959:
953:
948:
946:
938:
926:
904:in the state of
642:inscriptions of
594:: 88, 231, 307;
550:Tirupparankunram
457:
452:
444:
424:
417:
410:
396:Sri Lanka portal
246:Sinhala Only Act
107:Pancha Ishwarams
50:
2364:
2363:
2359:
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2355:
2354:
2353:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2303:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2270:
2249:
2245:Village deities
2204:
2171:
2103:
2040:Saturday Review
2009:
1965:Genetic studies
1944:
1898:
1856:Militant groups
1850:
1804:
1798:Chief Ministers
1781:Chief Ministers
1743:
1704:Standardisation
1667:
1641:
1637:Demala Hatpattu
1588:
1535:
1526:
1521:
1484:
1474:
1461:
1455:
1438:
1435:
1433:Further reading
1430:
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1419:
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1379:
1378:
1374:
1352:
1351:
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1330:
1323:
1321:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1259:
1249:
1247:on 7 July 2012.
1238:
1237:
1233:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1177:(PhD). London:
1172:
1171:
1162:
1147:
1137:
1129:"Tamil lexicon"
1126:
1125:
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1106:
1096:
1086:
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995:
980:
979:
964:
949:
939:
931:"Tamil lexicon"
928:
927:
923:
918:
888:or function of
882:
876:
833:
828:
806:
787:and eventually
735:
733:Eelam>Sihala
724:) / Sihiḷa (in
702:Hermann Gundert
698:Robert Caldwell
696:for Sri Lanka.
676:
674:Sihala<Eelam
671:
562:Eela-kudumpikan
538:
458:, also spelled
455:[iːɻɐm]
450:
428:
376:
375:
311:
301:
300:
276:Standardization
226:
218:
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125:
117:
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72:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2162:United Kingdom
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2085:
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2064:
2057:
2054:Tamil Guardian
2050:
2043:
2033:
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1482:External links
1480:
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1459:
1453:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1401:
1395:978-1442218031
1394:
1372:
1361:(2): 285–304.
1345:
1302:
1295:
1272:
1262:|journal=
1231:
1203:(1): 132–147.
1193:Burrow, Thomas
1184:
1160:
1150:|journal=
1119:
1117:, pt. 2 p. 86.
1109:|journal=
1079:
1072:
1054:
1047:
1029:
1022:
1001:
993:
962:
952:|journal=
920:
919:
917:
914:
878:Main article:
875:
872:
832:
829:
827:
824:
805:
804:Other theories
802:
751:, the stem of
742:Murray Emeneau
734:
731:
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670:
667:
620:Eelath-chanran
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2167:United States
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2135:
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2106:
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2079:
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2037:
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2027:
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1672:Post-colonial
1670:
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1473:0-9749177-5-3
1469:
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1437:
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1075:
1073:9788170031956
1069:
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1058:
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1048:9788126012213
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1023:9789551132002
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890:toddy-drawers
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881:
873:
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869:
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861:
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826:Cognate terms
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823:
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738:Thomas Burrow
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629:
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621:
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616:Eelap-poodchi
613:
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593:
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581:
580:Eelattu-unavu
577:
576:
575:Paṭṭiṉappālai
569:
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559:
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547:
543:
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531:
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477:
474:name for the
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469:
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391:Tamils portal
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372:
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364:
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329:
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68:
67:
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56:
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46:
42:
37:
31:
24:
19:
2190:Jaffna Tamil
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
1995:Thesavalamai
1959:
1684:Colonisation
1463:
1440:
1418:. Retrieved
1404:
1381:
1375:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1322:. Retrieved
1315:
1305:
1286:
1253:cite journal
1245:the original
1234:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1174:
1141:cite journal
1133:the original
1122:
1100:cite journal
1082:
1063:
1057:
1038:
1032:
1013:
983:
943:cite journal
935:the original
924:
909:
901:
893:
883:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:
821:
809:Peter Schalk
807:
798:
792:
789:Sanskritized
784:
779:, which was
776:
772:
760:
752:
748:
746:
736:
719:
700:, following
691:
679:
677:
654:
650:
648:
635:
631:
619:
615:
611:
587:
579:
573:
571:
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561:
542:Tamil-Brahmi
539:
529:
526:Latin script
505:
501:
496:
467:
463:
459:
446:
434:
433:
281:Colonisation
241:Colonisation
178:Dutch Ceylon
112:Early Jaffna
40:
39:Location of
18:
2344:Tamil Eelam
2233:Catholicism
2152:New Zealand
2082:Thinakkural
2068:Tamil Times
1719:Tamil Eelam
1679:Nationalism
1443:. Uppsala:
898:South India
852:Eela-Barata
846:. The stem
781:Prakritized
644:Parantaka I
612:Eelat-cheri
578:, mentions
486:(a plant),
476:South Asian
326:Tamil Eelam
236:Nationalism
124:Middle Ages
71:Ancient era
23:Tamil Eelam
2333:Categories
2096:Virakesari
2075:Thinakaran
2031:Literature
1759:Government
1729:Black July
1409:Akazhaan.
916:References
817:common era
757:common era
632:Eela-kaasu
596:Kuṟuntokai
558:Tamil Nadu
356:War crimes
296:Black July
2323:Sri Lanka
2200:Loanwords
2117:Australia
2047:Sudar Oli
1793:Governors
1776:Governors
1734:Civil War
1709:Militancy
1420:2 October
1334:cite news
1324:2 October
1317:The Hindu
1229:at p. 133
1225:162621555
856:Eela-Naga
769:Sinhalese
710:Sinhalese
669:Etymology
663:Sri Lanka
592:Akanaṉūṟu
522:Malayalam
480:Sri Lanka
361:IDP camps
321:Militancy
309:Civil war
271:1974 pact
266:1964 pact
261:1957 Pact
256:1954 pact
130:Chola Era
97:Nainativu
87:Tamilakam
45:Sri Lanka
2286:Category
2266:Football
2216:Hinduism
2209:Religion
2157:Pakistan
2147:Malaysia
2109:Diaspora
2061:TamilNet
2000:Vellalar
1990:Paraiyar
1980:Mukkuvar
1970:Karaiyar
1903:Diaspora
1752:Politics
1646:Colonial
1627:Vannimai
1415:Tamilnet
1090:(1875).
600:Naṟṟiṇai
366:UN Panel
336:Diaspora
167:Colonial
145:Vannimai
55:a series
53:Part of
2297:Portals
2261:Cricket
2132:Germany
2089:Uthayan
2014:Culture
1985:Nalavar
1953:Society
1632:Vanniar
1602:History
1547:Ancient
1540:History
910:Eelavar
902:Eelavar
840:Eelavar
793:Simhala
765:coconut
726:Prakrit
714:Prakrit
690:) form
655:Eelavar
624:Eelavar
604:Pallava
554:Madurai
536:History
510:phoneme
316:Origins
150:Vanniar
2311:Tamils
2127:France
2122:Canada
2021:Cinema
1975:Koviar
1470:
1451:
1392:
1293:
1223:
1217:608991
1215:
1070:
1045:
1020:
991:
906:Kerala
880:Ezhava
785:Sihala
693:Sihala
628:Kerala
548:. The
484:spurge
460:Eezham
451:Tamil:
435:Eelam
77:Ravana
2254:Sport
2142:India
2137:Italy
2035:News
2005:Vedar
1960:Eelam
1889:PLOTE
1874:EPRLF
1864:ENDLF
1694:Riots
1221:S2CID
1213:JSTOR
894:Eelam
886:caste
844:Eelam
761:Eelam
753:Eelam
680:Eelam
651:Eelam
640:Chola
608:Chola
588:Eelam
518:Tamil
488:toddy
472:Tamil
468:Izham
439:Tamil
251:Riots
92:Nakar
41:Eelam
1894:TELO
1884:LTTE
1879:EORS
1869:ENLF
1468:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1422:2008
1390:ISBN
1340:link
1326:2008
1291:ISBN
1266:help
1154:help
1113:help
1068:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1018:ISBN
989:ISBN
956:help
868:Eela
864:Eela
860:Eela
854:and
848:Eela
838:and
836:Eela
777:Eela
773:Hela
749:Eela
722:Pali
686:(An
684:Pali
653:and
634:and
606:and
520:and
512:for
506:īḻam
492:gold
464:Ilam
447:īḻam
443:ஈழம்
371:LLRC
351:ISGA
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