Eggs as food - Knowledge (XXG)

260: 1028: 601:. A very fresh egg has a small air cell and receives a grade of AA. As the size of the air cell increases and the quality of the egg decreases, the grade moves from AA to A to B. This provides a way of testing the age of an egg: as the air cell increases in size due to air being drawn through pores in the shell as water is lost, the egg becomes less dense and the larger end of the egg will rise to increasingly shallower depths when the egg is placed in a bowl of water. A very old egg will float in the water and should not be eaten, especially if a foul odor can be detected if the egg is cracked open. 2667: 102: 883: 178: 463: 976: 2504: 2490: 2798: 417: 49: 2518: 328: 2235: 8259: 2592:, particularly in economically advanced nations, may sell eggs of widely varying colors and sizes, with combinations of white, brown, speckled (red), green, and blue (as laid by certain breeds, including araucanas, heritage skyline, and cream leg bar) eggs in the same box or carton, while the supermarkets at the same time sell mostly eggs from the larger producers, of the color preferred in that nation or region. 757: 2373: 474: 2365: 2905: 8271: 60: 2536: 1183: 1143: 872: 861: 37: 2411: 1096: 316: 995:, or solidifies, between 61 and 70 °C (142 and 158 °F). Egg white gels at different temperatures: 60 to 73 °C (140 to 163 °F). The white contains exterior albumen which sets at the highest temperature. In practice, in many cooking processes the white gels first because it is exposed to higher temperatures for longer. 4653: 428:. The largest producers were China with 31.3 million of this total, the United States with 6.3 million, India at 4.8 million, Mexico at 2.8 million, Japan at 2.6 million, and Brazil and Russia with 2.5 million each. The largest egg factory in British Columbia, for example, ships 12 million eggs per week. 2173:

compared to no egg-consumption but not to low-egg control diets. In 2020, two meta-analyses found that moderate egg consumption (up to one egg a day) is not associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. A 2020 umbrella review concluded that increased egg consumption is not associated with

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Refrigeration also preserves the taste and texture, however, intact eggs (unwashed and unbroken) may be left unrefrigerated for several months without spoiling. In Europe, eggs are not usually washed, and the shells are dirtier, however the cuticle is undamaged, and they do not require refrigeration.

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One systematic review and meta-analysis of egg consumption found that higher consumption of eggs (more than 1 egg/day) was associated with a significant reduction in risk of coronary artery disease. Another systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary cholesterol and egg consumption found that egg

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Whereas the wild Asian fowl from which domesticated chickens are descended typically lay about a dozen eggs each year during the breeding season, several millennia of selective breeding have produced domesticated hens capable of laying more than three hundred eggs each annually, and to lay eggs year

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Egg producers carefully consider cultural issues, as well as commercial ones, when selecting the breed or breeds of chickens used for production, as egg color varies between breeds. Among producers and breeders, brown eggs often are referred to as "tinted", while the speckled eggs preferred by some

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A 2013 meta-analysis found no association between egg consumption and heart disease or stroke. A 2013 systematic review and meta-analysis found no association between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease mortality, but did find egg consumption of more than once daily

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straw for several weeks to several months, depending on the method of processing. After the process is completed, the yolk becomes a dark green, cream-like substance with a strong odor of sulfur and ammonia, while the white becomes a dark brown, transparent jelly with a comparatively mild, distinct

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magazine, in discussing issues of chicken egg color, stated "Housewives are particularly fussy about the colour of their eggs, preferring even to pay more for brown eggs although white eggs are just as good". As a result of these trends, brown eggs are usually more expensive to purchase in regions

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juice is added to impart a red color to the eggs. If the eggs are immersed in it for a few hours, the distinct red, white, and yellow colors may be seen when the eggs are sliced. If marinated for several days or more, the red color will reach the yolk. If the eggs are marinated in the mixture for

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Eggs are candled to determine the condition of the air cell, yolk, and white. Candling detects bloody whites, blood spots, or meat spots, and enables observation of germ development. Candling is done in a darkened room with the egg held before a light. The light penetrates the egg and makes it

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compounds in the egg. It also may occur with an abundance of iron in the cooking water. Overcooking harms the quality of the protein. Chilling an overcooked egg for a few minutes in cold water until it is completely cooled may prevent the greenish ring from forming on the surface of the yolk.

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that must meet certain space and amenity requirements. Egg producers in many member states have objected to the new quality standards while in some countries, even furnished cages and family cages are subject to be banned as well. The production standard of the eggs is visible on a mandatory

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because of their richness, although the motivation for forgoing eggs during Lent was not entirely religious. An annual pause in egg consumption allowed farmers to rest their flocks, and also to limit their hens' consumption of feed during a time of year when food stocks were usually scarce.

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A meta-analysis from 2013 found that eating four eggs per week was associated with a 29 percent increase in the relative risk of developing diabetes. Another meta-analysis from 2013 also supported the idea that egg consumption may lead to an increased incidence of type two diabetes. A 2016

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laying hens are given outdoor access instead of being contained in crowded cages. Questions regarding the living conditions of free-range hens have been raised in the United States of America, as there is no legal definition or regulations for eggs labeled as free-range in that country.

695:"White" is the common name for the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. Colorless and transparent initially, upon cooking it turns white and opaque. In chickens, it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen 431:

For the month of January 2019, the United States produced 9.41 billion eggs, with 8.2 billion for table consumption and 1.2 billion for raising chicks. Americans are projected to each consume 279 eggs in 2019, the highest since 1973, but less than the 405 eggs eaten per person in 1945.

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increased cardiovascular disease risk 1.69-fold in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared to type 2 diabetics who ate less than one egg per week. Another 2013 meta-analysis found that eating four eggs per week increased the risk of cardiovascular disease by six percent.

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Although eggshell color is a largely cosmetic issue, with no effect on egg quality or taste, it is a major issue in production due to regional and national preferences for specific colors, and the results of such preferences on demand. For example, in most regions of the

2744:". Of these standards, "Certified Humane", which carries requirements for stocking density and cage-free keeping and so on, and "Certified Organic", which requires hens to have outdoor access and to be fed only organic vegetarian feed and so on, are the most stringent. 4539:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).

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A study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2002 (Risk Analysis April 2002 22(2):203-18) suggests the problem is not so prevalent in the U.S. as once thought. It showed that of the 69 billion eggs produced annually, only 2.3 million are contaminated with

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In all methods of egg production, unwanted male chicks are killed at birth during the process of securing a further generation of egg-laying hens. As of June 2023, this practice has been banned in Germany, France, and Italy. Some egg producers have adopted

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egg cartons became popular in the latter half of the twentieth century as they were perceived to offer better protection especially against heat and breakage, however, by the twenty-first century environmental considerations have led to the return of more

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operations often involve raising the hens in small, crowded cages, preventing the chickens from engaging in natural behaviors, such as wing-flapping, dust-bathing, scratching, pecking, perching, and nest-building. Such restrictions may lead to pacing and

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matter. In commercial practice in the US, eggs are quickly washed with a sanitizing solution within minutes of being laid. The risk of infection from raw or undercooked eggs is dependent in part upon the sanitary conditions under which the hens are kept.

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to egg whites. Food labeling practices in most developed countries now include eggs, egg products, and the processing of foods on equipment that also process foods containing eggs in a special allergen alert section of the ingredients on the labels.

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More than half the calories found in eggs come from the fat in the yolk; 50 grams of chicken egg (the contents of an egg just large enough to be classified as "large" in the US, but "medium" in Europe) contains approximately five grams of fat.

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to check their quality. The size of an egg's air cell is determined, and if fertilization took place three to six days or earlier prior to the candling, blood vessels can typically be seen as evidence that the egg contains an embryo. Contrary to

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in-shell at 57 °C (135 °F) for an hour and 15 minutes. Although the white then is slightly milkier, the eggs may be used in normal ways. Whipping for meringue takes significantly longer, but the final volume is virtually the same.

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with white ear lobes lay white eggs, whereas chickens with red ear lobes lay brown eggs. Although there is no significant link between shell color and nutritional value, often there is a cultural preference for one color over another (see

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of the egg from approximately 9 to 12 or more. This chemical process breaks down some of the complex, flavorless proteins and fats of the yolk into simpler, flavorful ones, which in some way may be thought of as an "inorganic" version of

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of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the

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through their voluntary program of certification. The United Egg Producers program includes guidelines regarding housing, food, water, air, living space, beak trimming, molting, handling, and transportation, however, opponents such as

826:, where an egg may have two or more outer shells, is caused by a counter-peristalsis contraction and occurs when a second oocyte is released by the ovary before the first egg has completely traveled through the oviduct and been laid. 948:, and may be used in cooking separately from the yolk. The proteins in egg white allow it to form foams and aerated dishes. Egg whites may be aerated or whipped to a light, fluffy consistency, and often are used in desserts such as 2625:

where white eggs are considered "normal", due to lower production. In France and the United Kingdom, it is very difficult to buy white eggs, with most supermarkets supplying only the more popular brown eggs. By direct contrast, in

444:, this is not conclusive evidence of fertilization, as blood vessels can just denote an ordinary rupture on the egg yolk surface while the egg was forming. Depending on local regulations, eggs may be washed before being placed in 2199:, a compound linked with increased heart disease. Another study found that type 2 diabetes mellitus and kidney disease also increase TMAO levels and that evidence for a link between TMAO and cardiovascular diseases may be due to 4371: 2596: 967:. Every part of an egg is edible, although the eggshell is generally discarded. Some recipes call for immature or unlaid eggs, which are harvested after the hen is slaughtered or cooked, while still inside the chicken. 5851: 4252: 2647:

in 1990 revealed a number of different issues were important to Japanese housewives when deciding which eggs to buy and that color was a distinct factor, with most Japanese housewives preferring the white color.

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Salmonella is killed instantly at 71 °C (160 °F), but also is killed from 54.5 °C (130.1 °F), if held at that temperature for sufficiently long time periods. To avoid the issue of salmonella,

193:, in both hunting societies and more recent cultures where birds were domesticated. The chicken was most likely domesticated for its eggs (from jungle fowl native to tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia and 2118:

A 2020 meta-analysis found that there was no overall association between moderate egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and that the risk found in US studies was not found in European or Asian studies.

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The larger end of the egg contains an air cell that forms when the contents of the egg cool down and contract after it is laid. Chicken eggs are graded according to the size of this air cell, measured during

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Stephens, N.; Sault, C; Firestone, SM; et al. (2007). "Large outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 135 infections associated with the consumption of products containing raw egg in Tasmania".

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that guard against bacteria entering, but this seal can be broken through improper handling or if laid by unhealthy chickens. Most forms of contamination enter through such weaknesses in the shell. In the

1047:, which ends up in the egg. The unpredictable diet of free-range hens will produce likewise, unpredictable egg flavors. Duck eggs tend to have a flavor distinct from, but still resembling, chicken eggs. 6484:

Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Saraf-Bank S, Clayton ZS, Soltani S (2021). "A positive effect of egg consumption on macular pigment and healthy vision: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials".

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argues that the cholesterol in the egg yolk is not what causes a problem, because fat (particularly saturated fat) is much more likely to raise cholesterol levels than the consumption of cholesterol.

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Krittanawong, Chayakrit; Narasimhan, Bharat; Wang, Zhen; et al. (January 2021). "Association Between Egg Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".

408:, or luxury grocery stores. In many countries, wild bird eggs are protected by laws which prohibit the collecting or selling of them, or permit collection only during specific periods of the year. 5926: 787:

is the most abundant pigment in egg yolk. A diet without such colorful foods may result in an almost colorless yolk. Yolk color is, for example, enhanced if the diet includes foods such as yellow

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Karadas, F.; Grammenidis, E.; Surai, P. F.; Acamovic, T.; Sparks, N. H. C. (2006). "Effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition".

2779:, which first became available in 2018. As of September 2023, five companies have commercially available in-ovo sexing technology, which is used for 15 percent of the European layer population. 2629:

it is very hard to source brown eggs, as demand is almost entirely for white ones, with the country's largest supplier describing white eggs as "table eggs" and packaging brown eggs for export.

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consumption was associated with an increased all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. These contrary results may be due to somewhat different methods of study selection and the use primarily of

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Rouhani MH, Rashidi-Pourfard N, Salehi-Abargouei A, et al. (2018). "Effects of Egg Consumption on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials".

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Although the age of the egg and the conditions of its storage have a greater influence, the bird's diet affects the flavor of the egg. For example, when a brown-egg chicken breed eats

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An egg just large enough to be classified as "large" in the U.S. yields 50 grams of egg without shell. This size egg is classified as "medium" in Europe and "standard" in New Zealand.

3230: 6538:"Chicken Consumption Is a Newly Identified Risk Factor for Sporadic Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Infections in the United States: A Case-Control Study in FoodNet Sites" 3733:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Department of Health and Human Services. 7 November 2016. Archived from 4363: 3360: 2740:

have alleged UEP certification is misleading and allows a significant amount of unchecked animal cruelty. Other standards include "Cage Free", "Natural", "Certified Humane", and "

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differ from meat production strains. As male birds of the laying strain do not lay eggs and are not suitable for meat production, they generally are killed soon after they hatch.

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possible to observe the inside of the egg. Incubated eggs are candled to determine whether they are fertile and, if fertile, to check the growth and development of the embryo

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and, therefore, adversely affects the body's cholesterol profile; whereas other studies show that moderate consumption of eggs, up to one a day, does not appear to increase

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Zeng ST, Guo L, Liu SK, et al. (2015). "Egg consumption is associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer: Evidence from a meta-analysis of observational studies".

4222: 4244: 6814: 5492:"Associations of Dietary Cholesterol, Serum Cholesterol, and Egg Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality, and Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis" 7018: 5814:

Marventano S, Godos J, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G, et al. (2020).

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F. Karadas et al., Effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition. Br Poult Sci. 2006 Oct;47(5):561-6.

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This quality is seldom found in retail stores because usually they are used to make liquid, frozen, and dried egg products, as well as other egg-containing products.

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Eggs contain multiple proteins that gel at different temperatures within the yolk and the white, and the temperature determines the gelling time. Egg yolk becomes a

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Coorey R, Novinda A, Williams H, Jayasena V (2015). "Omega-3 fatty acid profile of eggs from laying hens fed diets supplemented with chia, fish oil, and flaxseed".

3664: 4282: 1135:. Their yolks take on an orange-red color and solidify, but the white remains somewhat liquid. These often are boiled before consumption and are served with rice 2451:

Eggs have whites that may be thinner and yolks that may be wider and flatter than eggs of higher grades. The shells must be unbroken, but may show slight stains.

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Halepas, Steven; Hamchand, Randy; Lindeyer, Samuel E. D.; Brückner, Christian (2017). "Isolation of Biliverdin IXα, as its Dimethyl Ester, from Emu Eggshells".

2503: 2489: 1054:, a common snack sold from street-side carts in China, are steeped in a brew from a mixture of various spices, soy sauce, and black tea leaves to give flavor. 3920: 2138:

A 2019 meta-analysis found an association between high egg consumption and risk of upper aero-digestive tract cancers in hospital-based case-control studies.

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in a newly laid egg is round and firm. As the yolk ages, it absorbs water from the albumen, which increases its size and causes it to stretch and weaken the

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Schuman JD, Sheldon BW, Vandepopuliere JM, Ball HR (October 1997). "Immersion heat treatments for inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis with intact eggs".

4395: 6097:"Assessment of Causal Direction Between Gut Microbiota–Dependent Metabolites and Cardiometabolic Health: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis" 5956: 3519: 2174:

cardiovascular disease risk in the general population. Another umbrella review found no association between egg consumption and cardiovascular disorders.

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meta-analysis suggested that association of egg consumption with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes may be restricted to cohort studies from the

2033:, which forage for their own food, also produce eggs that are relatively enriched in omega-3 fatty acids when compared to those of cage-raised chickens. 2694:. According to critics of the practice, this can cause hens severe pain to the point where some may refuse to eat and starve to death. Some hens may be 6737: 6303:"Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies" 4715:"Comparison of fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A and E composition in eggs from hens housed in conventional cage and range production facilities" 2618:

reported during the Second World War that housewives in Boston preferred brown eggs and those in New York preferred white eggs. In February 1976, the

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tradition in some parts of the world is a decoration of hard-boiled eggs (usually by dyeing, but often by spray-painting). A similar tradition of

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and unfertilized yolks. The primary natural purpose of egg white is to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition during the growth of the

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Alexander DD, Miller PE, Vargas AJ, Weed DL, Cohen SS (2016). "Meta-analysis of Egg Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke".

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cities. It consists of a hollow eggshell, positioned over the water jet from a fountain, which causes the eggshell to revolve without falling.

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In 2017, authorities blocked millions of eggs from sale in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany because of contamination with the insecticide

369:, are used occasionally as a gourmet ingredient in Western countries. Eggs are a common everyday food in many parts of Asia, such as China and 2429:

Eggs have whites that are thick and firm; have yolks that are high, round, and practically free from defects; and have clean, unbroken shells.

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Health experts advise people to refrigerate washed eggs, use them within two weeks, cook them thoroughly, and never consume raw eggs. As with

7694: 7660: 7294: 7241: 6796: 5643:"Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: three large prospective US cohort studies, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis" 4551: 4489: 4461: 4431: 4315: 4029: 3495: 3299: 3274: 3187: 3157: 3122: 3090: 3058: 2556:, where a television jingle for years proclaimed "brown eggs are local eggs, and local eggs are fresh!". Local chicken breeds, including the 2384:. Fertile eggs may be eaten, with little nutritional difference when compared to the unfertilized. Fertile eggs will not contain a developed 4626: 3730: 4944:"Dietary cholesterol from eggs increases the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in humans: a meta-analysis" 4335: 3238: 6759: 4045: 2226:. A 2021 review of clinical trials found that egg consumption has beneficial effects on macular pigment optical density and serum lutein. 1019:

Peeling a cooked egg is easiest when the egg was put into boiling water as opposed to slowly heating the egg from a start in cold water.

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in the form of fake chicken eggs made from resin, starch and pigments, for both domestic consumption and exports are a growing concern.

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enough to inhibit the growth of bacteria and molds. Pickled eggs made this way generally keep for a year or more without refrigeration.

4066: 820:, which contain whites but no yolk, usually occurs during a pullet's first effort, produced before her laying mechanism is fully ready. 7719: 7374: 7038: 3804: 3032: 812:, when an egg contains two or more yolks, occurs when ovulation occurs too rapidly, or when one yolk becomes joined with another yolk. 7400: 6128: 5349:"Intake of Various Food Groups and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies" 4546:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). 2705:

Laying hens often are euthanized when reaching 100 to 130 weeks of age, when their egg productivity starts to decline. Due to modern

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against egg white are more common than reactions against egg yolks. In addition to true allergic reactions, some people experience a

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banned conventional battery cages for egg-laying hens, as outlined in EU Directive 1999/74/EC. The EU permits the use of "enriched"

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has pushed various egg producers to promote eggs under a variety of standards. The most widespread standard in use is determined by

7089: 6429:"Effect of egg consumption on inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials" 4509: 3429: 3204: 1027: 7495: 4006: 3826: 2844:, eggs are referred to as an example of the kind of gift a child might request from their father, and which would not be denied. 2341:

in infants is eggs. Infants usually have the opportunity to grow out of this allergy during childhood, if exposure is minimized.

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started to transform egg yolk and egg white into a light-brown, meal-like substance by using a drying process. The production of

7546: 6952: 5300:"Egg Consumption and Risk of Upper Aero-Digestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies" 3686:

Wong, M.; Hendrix, M.J.; van der Mark, K.; Little, C.; Stern, R. (July 1984). "Collagen in the egg shell membranes of the hen".

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categorization where the EU egg code begins with 3 for caged chicken to 1 for free-range eggs and 0 for organic egg production.

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The diet of laying hens also may affect the nutritional quality of eggs. For instance, chicken eggs that are especially high in

6187: 4230: 7215: 7111: 5206:"Egg intake and cancers of the breast, ovary and prostate: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies" 3627: 2666: 2483:

for the purpose of sales. Some maxi eggs may have double-yolks and some farms separate out double-yolk eggs for special sale.

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Most commercially farmed chicken eggs intended for human consumption are unfertilized, since the laying hens are kept without

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The dried egg industry developed in the nineteenth century, before the rise of the frozen egg industry. In 1878, a company in

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Godos J, Micek A, Brzostek T, Toledo E, Iacoviello L, Astrup A, Franco OH, Galvano F, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Grosso G (2021).

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Li, Y; Zhou, C; Zhou, X; Li, L (2013). "Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a meta-analysis".

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content is less than one percent. Egg white has many uses in food and many other applications, including the preparation of

6984: 6684: 4565: 5875:"Egg consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies" 3425: 441: 7713: 7163: 3660: 6998: 6745: 4754:

Karsten HD; et al. (2010). "Vitamins A, E and fatty acid composition of the eggs of caged hens and pastured hens".

4505: 2307: 2195:, showed that dietary phosphatidylcholine is digested by bacteria in the gut and eventually converted into the compound 109:

Humans and their hominid relatives have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of

4274: 7347: 7015: 7572: 6152:"Red meat, poultry, and egg consumption with the risk of hypertension: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies" 2517: 2275:, containers and surfaces that have been used to process raw eggs should not come in contact with ready-to-eat food. 2215:

risk. A 2016 meta-analysis found that consumption of up to one egg a day may contribute to a decreased risk of total

7298: 5398:"Investigation on factors associated with ovarian cancer: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses" 4877: 2588:, white chicken eggs are generally regarded as industrial, and brown or reddish ones are preferred. Small farms and 2165:

A 2018 meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that consumption of eggs increases total cholesterol (TC),

8212: 5116:"Egg consumption and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies" 5067:"Egg consumption in relation to risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 3890: 3315: 2549: 1062:

Careful storage of edible eggs is extremely important, as an improperly handled egg may contain elevated levels of

287: 7189: 6656: 6211:"Effect of Egg Consumption on Blood Pressure: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials" 652:

below). As candling is less effective with brown eggs, they have a significantly higher incidence of blood spots.

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In the UK in particular, hens are immunized against salmonella and generally, their eggs are safe for 21 days.

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is a clear film lining the eggshell, visible when one peels a boiled egg. Primarily, it is composed of fibrous

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A 2015 meta-analysis found an association between higher egg consumption (five a week) with increased risk of

922:, such as the elderly, the infirm, or pregnant women. In addition, the protein in raw eggs is only 51 percent 7714:

Fact Sheet on FDA's Proposed Regulation: Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs During Production

63: 6734: 2422:) and the appearance and condition of the egg shell. Eggs of any quality grade may differ in weight (size). 2076:

consists primarily of water (88 percent) and protein (11 percent), with no cholesterol and 0.2 percent fat.

101: 7521: 5549:"Egg consumption and health outcomes: a global evidence mapping based on an overview of systematic reviews" 4030:"Eggshell powder, a comparable or better source of calcium than purified calcium carbonate: piglet studies" 1007:

If a boiled egg is overcooked, a greenish ring sometimes appears around the egg yolk due to changes to the

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awards the lions stamp to eggs that, among other things, come from hens that have been vaccinated against

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Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Malekahmadi M, Clayton ZS, Sadat SZ, Pahlavani N, Sikaroudi MK, Soltani S (2020).

2702:. Molting can be induced by extended food withdrawal, water withdrawal, or controlled lighting programs. 2287:

infection is quite rarely induced by eggs. This has not been the case in other countries, however, where

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chicken egg provides approximately 70 kilocalories (290 kJ) of food energy and 6 grams of

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A 2021 review did not find a significant association between egg consumption and breast cancer. A 2021

1901: 514: 217:, the tomb of Haremhab, dating to approximately 1420 BCE, shows a depiction of a man carrying bowls of 177: 7055: 6372:"Egg consumption and cardiovascular risk: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies" 5692:"Egg consumption and cardiovascular risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies" 2632:

Research conducted by a French institute in the 1970s demonstrated blue chicken eggs from the Chilean

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In Northern Europe and North America, Easter eggs may be hidden by adults for children to find in an

2732: 1808: 1782: 129:, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of 86: 2222:

A 2019 meta-analysis revealed that egg consumption has no significant effect on serum biomarkers of

772:(the clear casing enclosing the yolk). The resulting effect is a flattened and enlarged yolk shape. 6788: 3461: 2182: 2155: 1223: 1132: 975: 268: 194: 7483: 7245: 4637: 3734: 2797: 882: 710:

Egg white consists primarily of approximately 90 percent water into which is dissolved 10 percent

8157: 7984: 7840: 7830: 7778: 7753: 7598: 6608: 6518: 6340: 6283: 6179: 6101: 6077: 5843: 5796: 5739: 5623: 5529: 5490:

Zhao, Bin; Gan, Lu; Graubard, Barry I.; Männistö, Satu; Albanes, Demetrius; Huang, Jiaqi (2022).

5472: 5245: 4771: 4327: 4147: 4104: 4087:

Vega, César; Mercadé-Prieto, Ruben (2011). "Culinary Biophysics: On the Nature of the 6X°C Egg".

3871: 3782: 3351:"Target used 16,000 eggs to decorate a dinner party, in a grand display of design's wastefulness" 2938: 2737: 2706: 1940: 1756: 1736: 1311: 855: 769: 509: 78: 4832:"Digestibility of cooked and raw egg protein in humans as assessed by stable isotope techniques" 3977:"Digestibility of Cooked and Raw Egg Protein in Humans as Assessed by Stable Isotope Techniques" 229:, eggs were preserved using a number of methods and meals often started with an egg course. The 6756: 2103:

Studies have shown conflicting results about a possible connection between egg consumption and

416: 8217: 7961: 7690: 7656: 7408: 7034:

Virtually any on-line chicken supply company will state the egg color of each breed supplied.

6792: 6636: 6600: 6579:"Public health investigations of Salmonella Enteritidis in catering raw shell eggs, 2002–2004" 6559: 6510: 6466: 6409: 6391: 6332: 6275: 6240: 6171: 6120: 6069: 6020: 5904: 5835: 5788: 5731: 5713: 5672: 5615: 5580: 5521: 5464: 5429: 5378: 5329: 5280: 5237: 5186: 5137: 5096: 5044: 5006: 4965: 4853: 4812: 4736: 4695: 4557: 4547: 4485: 4457: 4427: 4311: 4204: 4186: 4139: 3998: 3912: 3774: 3703: 3574: 3491: 3295: 3270: 3183: 3153: 3118: 3086: 3054: 3012: 2741: 2480: 2405: 2131:

compared to no egg consumption. Another meta-analysis found that egg consumption may increase

1951: 1821: 1592: 1172: 837: 739: 667: 661: 632: 573: 8275: 5815: 4063: 2548:, chicken eggs generally are white. However, brown eggs are more common in some parts of the 2079:

There is debate over whether egg yolk presents a health risk. Some research suggests dietary

576:. The egg yolk is suspended in the egg white by one or two spiral bands of tissue called the 117:. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other 7624: 6780: 6590: 6549: 6502: 6456: 6448: 6399: 6383: 6322: 6314: 6267: 6230: 6222: 6163: 6110: 6059: 6010: 6002: 5894: 5886: 5827: 5778: 5770: 5721: 5703: 5662: 5654: 5607: 5570: 5560: 5511: 5503: 5456: 5419: 5409: 5368: 5360: 5319: 5311: 5272: 5227: 5217: 5176: 5168: 5127: 5086: 5078: 5036: 4996: 4985:"A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women" 4955: 4843: 4802: 4763: 4726: 4687: 4194: 4178: 4131: 4096: 4041: 3988: 3902: 3861: 3766: 3695: 3609: 3564: 3554: 3002: 2992: 2710: 2640: 2557: 2346: 2191: 2030: 1974: 1609: 1000: 890:

Chicken eggs are widely used in many types of dishes, both sweet and savory, including many

775:

Yolk color is dependent on the diet of the hen. If the diet contains yellow or orange plant

585: 48: 7735:. (2007) University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved 23 May 2014. 7035: 3029: 631:, from the more common white or brown to pink or speckled blue-green. The brown pigment is 8089: 7916: 7871: 7825: 7732: 7459: 7042: 7022: 7002: 6936: 6818: 6763: 6741: 6691: 6660: 6096: 5040: 4881: 4399: 4070: 3036: 2752: 2716: 2680: 2432:

Grade AA and Grade A eggs are best for frying and poaching, where appearance is important.

2359: 2263:

may occur, so care must be taken to prevent the egg shell from becoming contaminated with

2142: 2104: 2014: 1116: 678: 153: 7725: 7141: 6781: 1913:

for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from

303:

paper cartons (often made of recycled material) that once again became more widely used.

6889: 6498: 6444: 6055: 5998: 5783: 5758: 3605: 3421: 3208: 2988: 2837:), each family member decorates a hard-boiled egg and they set them together in a bowl. 2719:

are considered by some advocates to be an acceptable substitute to factory-farmed eggs.

404:

eggs are edible, but less widely available; sometimes they are obtainable from farmers,

8227: 8177: 8172: 8147: 8099: 8019: 6461: 6428: 6404: 6371: 6235: 6210: 6015: 5982: 5899: 5874: 5726: 5667: 5642: 5575: 5548: 5516: 5491: 5424: 5397: 5373: 5348: 5324: 5299: 5181: 5156: 5091: 5066: 4199: 4166: 3976: 3818: 3569: 3542: 3391: 3323: 3007: 2972: 2971:

Peters, Joris; Lebrasseur, Ophélie; Irving-Pease, Evan K.; et al. (14 June 2022).

2824: 2820: 2809: 2788: 2748: 2728: 2695: 2577: 2465: 2418:

The U.S. Department of Agriculture grades eggs by the interior quality of the egg (see

2219:. Two recent meta-analyses found no association between egg intake and risk of stroke. 2132: 2037: 1072: 875: 327: 291: 162: 92:

This article is about eggs as food for people. For eggs as food hunted by animals, see

5759:"The effect of egg consumption on cardiometabolic health outcomes: an umbrella review" 5507: 5204:

Keum N, Lee DH, Marchand N, Oh H, Liu H, Aune D, Greenwood DC, Giovannucci EL (2015).

2234: 865: 8291: 8263: 8187: 8137: 7994: 7906: 7746: 6957: 6595: 6578: 6522: 5847: 5800: 5743: 5691: 5533: 5476: 4135: 3699: 2933: 2841: 2776: 2769: 2620: 2589: 2545: 2298: 2128: 2112: 2088: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2044: 1465: 1455: 1395: 1205: 1112: 1044: 960: 919: 895: 700: 588:

with one end larger than the other and has cylindrical symmetry along the long axis.

519: 457: 347: 300: 272: 214: 93: 6859:"Noticed November 25, 2014 10:00 a.m. You Can Now Buy Double-Yolk Eggs by the Dozen" 6612: 6344: 6287: 6183: 6151: 5627: 5249: 4775: 4151: 4108: 3786: 803:

Abnormalities that have been found in eggs purchased for human consumption include:

756: 8104: 8064: 8054: 7989: 7834: 7652:

Swindled: The Dark History of Food Fraud, from Poisoned Candy to Counterfeit Coffee

7219: 7115: 6081: 4477: 4419: 4305: 3875: 3634: 3145: 2928: 2923: 2661: 2473: 2440:

Eggs have characteristics of Grade AA eggs except the whites are "reasonably" firm.

2401: 2372: 2338: 2223: 2212: 2092: 2065: 1263: 1043:(canola) or soy meals, its intestinal microbes metabolize them into fishy-smelling 923: 731: 276: 230: 226: 166: 6318: 6271: 5831: 5611: 4310:

by J. Kenji López-Alt; published 21 September 2015 by W. W. Norton & Company,

2686:

Many hens confined to battery cages, and some raised in cage-free conditions, are

2043:

Cooked eggs are easier to digest than raw eggs, as well as having a lower risk of

7684: 7650: 5460: 5396:

Tanha K, Mottaghi A, Nojomi M, Moradi M, Rajabzadeh R, Lotfi S, Janani L (2021).

4591: 1961:

Eggs (boiled) supply several vitamins and minerals as significant amounts of the

8244: 8239: 8234: 8069: 8059: 8024: 8009: 8004: 7926: 7856: 3613: 2910: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2757: 2691: 2553: 2389: 2332: 2200: 2159: 2080: 1978: 1962: 1879: 1659: 1247: 1193: 1186: 1151: 915: 903: 780: 719: 473: 343: 295: 237: 218: 52: 6387: 5816:"Egg consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies" 5708: 5414: 5364: 5276: 4541: 2364: 2145:

found that egg consumption significantly increases the risk of ovarian cancer.

8182: 8152: 8142: 8114: 8109: 8094: 7999: 7812: 7573:"Fake Chinese Eggs Are a Big Problem in India: And they're scarily convincing" 7433: 7167: 6226: 6167: 5774: 5315: 5222: 5205: 5132: 5115: 4767: 4100: 3770: 2900: 2890: 2792: 2720: 2565: 2469: 2419: 2312: 2243: 2022: 2010: 1989: 1970: 1795: 1626: 1575: 1375: 1345: 1325: 1064: 980: 930: 907: 640: 584:, meaning 'hailstone' or 'hard lump'). The shape of a chicken egg resembles a 405: 393: 283: 253: 233:

crushed the shells in their plates to prevent evil spirits from hiding there.

198: 190: 157: 7412: 6996: 6395: 5983:"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease" 5717: 5001: 4984: 4848: 4831: 4364:"Why American Eggs Would Be Illegal In A British Supermarket, And Vice Versa" 4190: 4046:

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199909)79:12<1596::AID-JSFA406>3.0.CO;2-A

3993: 8084: 8034: 7952: 7921: 7911: 7901: 7881: 7802: 7726:

Egg Basics for the Consumer: Packaging, Storage, and Nutritional Information

5082: 4960: 4943: 4691: 3559: 2997: 2874: 2687: 2461: 2073: 2026: 1997: 1966: 1714: 1701: 1688: 1545: 1435: 1335: 911: 899: 690: 565: 466:

A raw chicken egg within its membrane, with the shell removed by soaking in

396:

eggs often are seen in marketplaces, especially in the spring of each year.

366: 294:

and the owner of the Aldermere Hotel. Early egg cartons were made of paper.

134: 126: 7351: 6640: 6604: 6563: 6514: 6470: 6413: 6336: 6327: 6279: 6244: 6175: 6124: 6073: 6024: 5908: 5839: 5792: 5735: 5676: 5619: 5584: 5525: 5468: 5433: 5382: 5333: 5284: 5241: 5232: 5190: 5172: 5141: 5100: 5048: 5010: 4969: 4816: 4740: 4699: 4561: 4208: 3778: 3578: 3016: 1131:. The eggs stop absorbing salt after approximately a month, having reached 7295:"A Brief Guide to Egg Carton Labels and Their Relevance to Animal Welfare" 5923:"No link between eggs and heart disease or stroke, says BMJ meta-analysis" 4857: 4807: 4790: 4731: 4714: 4143: 4002: 3916: 3707: 1076: 59: 8192: 8049: 8044: 8039: 7957: 7861: 7792: 5565: 5298:

Aminianfar A, Fallah-Moshkani R, Salari-Moghaddam A, et al. (2019).

4874: 4789:

Jones, Deana; Musgrove, Michael; Anderson, K. E.; Thesmar, H. S. (2010).

2848: 2633: 2246: 2186: 2018: 1558: 1425: 1405: 1214: 1201: 1167: 1163: 1108: 1068: 1040: 949: 816: 776: 765: 751: 723: 675: 671: 610: 598: 561: 551: 481: 436: 397: 381: 373:, with Asian production providing 59 percent of the world total in 2013. 370: 156:

of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million

152:

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and

17: 6006: 3327: 2858:

In Eastern and Central Europe, and parts of England, easter eggs may be

2535: 2297:

infections due to egg consumption are major concerns. Egg shells act as

1182: 1142: 871: 860: 36: 8222: 8202: 8119: 7966: 7896: 7886: 7193: 6506: 3907: 2828: 2805: 2699: 2608: 2569: 2381: 2342: 2007: 1985: 1955: 1944: 1928: 1924: 1675: 1525: 1485: 1475: 1445: 1385: 1355: 1196:

or hundred-year-old egg is preserved by coating an egg in a mixture of

1176: 1155: 1079:. The USDA thus recommends refrigerating eggs to prevent the growth of 1051: 1032: 984: 964: 941: 934: 795:

petals. In the US, the use of artificial color additives is forbidden.

792: 735: 715: 711: 696: 624: 620: 616: 577: 543: 538: 504: 498: 492: 467: 445: 385: 377: 354: 320: 222: 202: 130: 114: 7271: 6452: 6427:

Sajadi Hezaveh Z, Sikaroudi MK, Vafa M, Clayton ZS, Soltani S (2019).

6115: 5890: 4625:

Howe, Juliette C.; Williams, Juhi R.; Holden, Joanne M. (March 2004).

4182: 3866: 3849: 2904: 2410: 2036:

A 2010 USDA study determined there were no significant differences of

1095: 315: 8197: 8167: 8074: 8029: 7931: 7876: 7866: 6913:

Blue eggs, sometimes thought a joke, are a reality, as reported here

5658: 4654:"Full Report (All Nutrients): 01129, Egg, whole, cooked, hard-boiled" 3316:"Eggs, hen, in shell; Production/Livestock Primary for World in 2017" 2833: 2816: 2604: 2600: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2510:

Comparison of an egg and a maxi egg with a double-yolk - opened (2/2)

2496:

Comparison of an egg and a maxi egg with a double-yolk - closed (1/2)

2385: 2260: 2216: 1642: 1495: 1415: 1365: 1171:

several weeks or more, the vinegar will dissolve much of the shell's

1159: 1136: 1012: 953: 891: 784: 704: 389: 249: 206: 146: 6706:"Millions of eggs removed from European shelves over toxicity fears" 6064: 6039: 1075:. In the US, eggs are washed. This cleans the shell, but erodes its 681:. These membranes may be used commercially as a dietary supplement. 6653: 6554: 6537: 346:

used in cooking. They are important in many branches of the modern

7891: 4830:

Evenepoel, P; Geypens B; Luypaerts A; et al. (October 1998).

3661:"Here's why your brown eggs have more blood spots than white ones" 2886: 2796: 2665: 2644: 2626: 2595: 2594: 2561: 2534: 2409: 2371: 2363: 2264: 2233: 2189:) in the human diet. A study published in the scientific journal, 2170: 2166: 1141: 1120: 1026: 974: 881: 870: 859: 755: 727: 628: 472: 461: 425: 415: 362: 326: 314: 258: 210: 176: 100: 4165:

Tinkler, Charles Kenneth; Soar, Marion Crossland (1 April 1920).

7947: 7086:"Scientists and Experts on Battery Cages and Laying Hen Welfare" 4633: 4599: 4223:"What causes a green ring around the yolk of a hard-cooked egg?" 2272: 1993: 1834: 1209: 1197: 1128: 1104: 1008: 808: 788: 636: 569: 532: 526: 358: 339: 335: 241: 182: 138: 122: 118: 110: 7742: 3975:

Evenepoel, P.; Geypens, B.; Luypaerts, A.; et al. (1998).

3231:"Global Poultry Trends 2014: Rapid Growth in Asia's Egg Output" 8079: 7797: 7769: 6995:

El-banna company website, product information, available here

6663:, British Egg Information Service. Retrieved 26 February 2010. 6577:

Little, C.L; Surman-Lee, S; Greenwood, M; et al. (2007).

4923:. FoodData Central, US Department of Agriculture. 1 April 2019 4901:. FoodData Central, US Department of Agriculture. 1 April 2019 4585: 4583: 2918: 1287: 1124: 992: 945: 401: 142: 82: 6095:

Jinzhu Jia; Pan Dou; Meng Gao; et al. (September 2019).

3850:"Dwarf Eggs and the Timing of Ovulation in the Domestic Fowl" 388:, as well as in some Scandinavian countries, particularly in 252:

in the seventeenth century; this may have been the origin of

77:"Chicken egg" redirects here. For the causality dilemma, see 6832:"Requirements for the Egg Industry in the 2001 Welfare Code" 3387:"The U.S. produced enough eggs in January to reach the Moon" 2973:"The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens" 279:, for use by the United States Armed Forces and its allies. 205:

were brought to Sumer and Egypt by 1500 BCE, and arrived in

6536:

Kimura, Akiko C.; Reddy, V; Marcus, R; et al. (2004).

5347:

Kazemi A, Barati-Boldaji R, Soltani S, et al. (2021).

5155:

Drouin-Chartier JP, Schwab AL, Chen S, et al. (2020).

2303: 1218: 1154:, by boiling them first and immersing them in a mixture of 1103:

The simplest method to preserve an egg is to treat it with

424:

In 2017, world production of chicken eggs was 80.1 million

290:, to solve a dispute about broken eggs between a farmer in 7522:"A Worldwide Easter Tradition With Central European Roots" 7496:"History of the Hunt: How an Easter Tradition Was Hatched" 4510:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels" 4167:"The Formation of Ferrous Sulphide in Eggs during Cooking" 2823:

exists in areas of the world influenced by the culture of

2283:—equivalent to just one in every 30,000 eggs—thus showing 448:, although washing may shorten their length of freshness. 6301:

Bechthold A, Boeing H, Schwedhelm C, et al. (2019).

5873:

Rong, Ying; Chen, Li; Tingting, Zhu; et al. (2013).

4303:

This was shown experimentally and documented in the book

4275:"How To Make Perfect Hard-Boiled Eggs With No Green Ring" 2652:

consumers often are referred to as being "red" in color.

2614:

These cultural trends have been observed for many years.

4482:

On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen

4424:

On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen

3488:

On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen

3150:

On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen

3079:

Food in Antiquity: A Survey of the Diet of Early Peoples

2690:

to prevent them from harming each other and engaging in

2255:. Contamination of eggs with other members of the genus 2242:

A health issue associated with eggs is contamination by

1123:, or coating them individually with a paste of salt and 933:

in the kitchen, and are also used as a thickener, as in

331:

Collected chicken eggs and quail eggs in a wicker basket

248:

Eggs scrambled with acidic fruit juices were popular in

7738: 5950:"USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods" 4791:"Physical quality and composition of retail shell eggs" 4627:"USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods" 2698:

to increase egg quality and production level after the

1213:

flavor. The transforming agent in a century egg is its

319:

Quail eggs (upper left), chicken egg (lower left), and

2002:

Cooking methods affect the nutritional values of eggs.

1923:

Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of

894:. Some of the most common preparation methods include 7547:"Dancing eggs for Corpus Christi | Barcelona Cultura" 7460:"The Ancient Art of Decorating Eggs | Folklife Today" 6774: 6772: 3547:

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

3326:, Statistics Division (FAOSTAT). 2019. Archived from 2636:

fowl may be stronger and more resilient to breakage.

1035:

with shell intact soaking in a brew of spices and tea

5820:

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

3543:"Protoporphyrin IX: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly" 2959:

A Movable Feast: Ten Millennia of Food Globalization

987:. The yolk of the eggs have not yet fully solidified 929:

As a cooking ingredient, egg yolks are an important

783:, then they are deposited in the yolk, coloring it. 699:

during the passage of the egg. It forms around both

353:

The most commonly used bird eggs are those from the

8128: 7975: 7940: 7849: 7811: 7785: 2727:In the United States, increased public concern for 1878: 1870: 1858: 1833: 1820: 1807: 1794: 1781: 1768: 1755: 1734: 1713: 1700: 1687: 1674: 1658: 1641: 1625: 1608: 1591: 1574: 1557: 1544: 1523: 1494: 1484: 1474: 1464: 1454: 1444: 1434: 1424: 1414: 1404: 1394: 1384: 1374: 1364: 1354: 1344: 1334: 1324: 1308: 1284: 1260: 1246: 1241: 5690:Godos J, Micek A, Brzostek T, et al. (2020). 4543:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium 3807:. USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, (2019). 3385:Varley, Kevin; Carey, Dominic (27 February 2019). 7625:"In China, Fear of Fake Eggs and 'Recycled' Buns" 7599:"Bad Eggs: Another Fake-Food Scandal Rocks China" 7401:"World's first no-kill eggs go on sale in Berlin" 4983:Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, et al. (1999). 1746: 1535: 1050:Eggs may be soaked in mixtures to absorb flavor. 730:(fats), egg white contains almost no fat and the 643:, a product of the breakdown of heme. Generally, 7655:. Princeton University Press. pp. 313–314. 7242:"Wondering What The "UEP Certified" Logo Means?" 6961:. Vol. 69, no. 989. 26 February 1976. 6947: 6945: 4598:(264). United States Department of Agriculture ( 3720:Ornithology, Volume 1994 By Frank B. Gill p. 361 2865:Since the sixteenth century, the tradition of a 2072:) makes up 27 percent of the fat in an egg. The 181:Ancient Egyptian depictions of offerings at the 81:. For the definition of the egg in biology, see 4447: 4445: 4443: 2977:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2013:are produced by feeding hens a diet containing 944:(egg white) contains protein, but little or no 380:, tend to be used only as special luxury food. 6433:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 6307:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 5065:Shin JY, Xun P, Nakamura Y, He K (July 2013). 4034:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 3173: 3171: 3169: 3077:Brothwell, Don R.; Patricia Brothwell (1997). 2560:, lay brown eggs. Brown eggs are preferred in 2443:This is the quality most often sold in stores. 1242:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) 560:Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective 221:and other large eggs, presumably those of the 189:Bird eggs have been valuable foodstuffs since 105:Fried eggs and carrots with Parmesan and cream 7754: 5022: 5020: 4666:"Full Report (All Nutrients): 45174951, EGGS" 3889:Blaine, E. M; Munroe, S. S (1 January 1969). 3848:Rookledge, K. A; Heald, P. J (25 June 1996). 2539:White, speckled (red), and brown chicken eggs 2468:, eggs are graded by the hen raising method, 8: 6260:Journal of the American College of Nutrition 5600:Journal of the American College of Nutrition 3819:"Double-yolked eggs and chicken development" 3800: 3798: 3796: 3541:Sachar, M.; Anderson, K. E.; Ma, X. (2016). 1234: 27: 5060: 5058: 4632:. United States Department of Agriculture ( 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4402:Mother Earth News, November/December (1977) 3072: 3070: 1115:, which prevents their growth. The Chinese 7761: 7747: 7739: 7689:. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. 7138:"Commercial Egg Production and Processing" 5161:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 4869: 4867: 4506:United States Food and Drug Administration 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3106: 3104: 3102: 2831:in the Persian New Year tradition (called 1505: 1233: 141:. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as 35: 26: 7293:The Humane Society of the United States. 6939:for details – link opens on correct page. 6594: 6553: 6460: 6403: 6326: 6234: 6114: 6063: 6014: 5898: 5782: 5757:Mah E, Chen CO, Liska DJ (October 2019). 5725: 5707: 5666: 5641:Drouin-Chartier JP, Chen S, Li Y (2020). 5574: 5564: 5515: 5423: 5413: 5372: 5323: 5231: 5221: 5180: 5131: 5090: 5000: 4959: 4847: 4806: 4730: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4198: 3992: 3906: 3865: 3568: 3558: 3006: 2996: 959:Ground eggshells sometimes are used as a 7722:U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2011) 6783:Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 6766:Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America 6040:"Pathology: At the heart of the problem" 4942:Weggemans RM, Zock PL, Katan MB (2001). 4028:Anne Schaafsma; Gerard M Beelen (1999). 3481: 3479: 3380: 3378: 3260: 3258: 3256: 1181: 1146:Pickled egg, colored with beetroot juice 1094: 213:had been the primary source of eggs. In 6038:Willyard, Cassandra (30 January 2013). 4590:Agricultural Marketing Service (1995). 3731:"How Influenza (Flu) Vaccines Are Made" 2950: 2485: 2181:Eggs are one of the largest sources of 1933:United States Department of Agriculture 619:deposition during egg formation in the 7683:Roberts, Michael T. (8 January 2016). 6351:from the original on 11 September 2021 5854:from the original on 24 September 2022 5114:Tamez M, Virtanen J, Lajous M (2016). 4756:Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 3265:Roux, Michel; Martin Brigdale (2006). 649: 6890:"Are Brown Eggs the Only Local Eggs?" 5929:from the original on 19 February 2013 5041:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.003 4668:, USDA Branded Food Products Database 4656:, USDA Branded Food Products Database 4338:from the original on 14 November 2017 4308:: Better Home Cooking Through Science 3956:from the original on 23 November 2018 3923:from the original on 23 December 2019 3667:from the original on 17 November 2017 3416: 3414: 3117:. Clarkson Potter. pp. 447–448. 1217:material, which gradually raises the 726:). Unlike the yolk, which is high in 7: 8270: 7597:Boehler, Patrick (6 November 2012). 7520:Bociąga, Przemysław (7 April 2023). 7399:Blond, Josie Le (22 December 2018). 7140:. Ag.ansc.purdue.edu. Archived from 7066:from the original on 29 October 2017 6869:from the original on 4 December 2014 5962:from the original on 19 October 2013 4374:from the original on 24 October 2017 3891:"The Case of the Double-Shelled Egg" 3522:from the original on 1 December 2022 3053:. Hodder and Stoughton. p. 70. 2376:White and brown eggs in an egg crate 2259:while exiting a female bird via the 1931:. Due to their protein content, the 6190:from the original on 4 January 2022 4456:. Haworth Press. pp. 479–480. 4362:Arumugam, Nadia (25 October 2012). 4285:from the original on 8 January 2022 3823:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3182:. Haworth Press. pp. 221–223. 7571:Pomranz, Mike (13 February 2018). 7114:. Ianrpubs.unl.edu. Archived from 6716:from the original on 7 August 2017 6629:Communicable Diseases Intelligence 6131:from the original on 20 March 2021 5955:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 4921:"Egg, white, raw, fresh per 100 g" 4899:"Egg, whole, raw, fresh per 100 g" 4520:from the original on 27 March 2024 3207:. Hiway16 Magazine. Archived from 2211:Egg consumption does not increase 1119:is made by immersing duck eggs in 25: 7623:LaFraniere, Sharon (7 May 2011). 7327:from the original on 16 June 2011 7270:. EggIndustry.com. Archived from 6965:from the original on 5 April 2023 6857:Merwin, Hugh (25 November 2014). 5508:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057642 4606:from the original on 5 April 2023 4255:from the original on 27 July 2019 4009:from the original on 18 June 2011 3829:from the original on 14 July 2008 3455:Wolke, Robert L (16 April 2002). 3399:from the original on 1 March 2019 3320:Food and Agriculture Organization 1175:and penetrate the egg, making it 263:Egg vendors in Samarkand, c. 1870 8269: 8258: 8257: 7458:Hall, Stephanie (6 April 2017). 7218:. 8 January 2008. Archived from 7216:"United Egg Producers Certified" 6888:Willard, L. F. (1 August 2022). 6596:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02131.x 5553:Annals of Translational Medicine 5449:The American Journal of Medicine 4136:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00253.x 3426:University of Illinois Extension 3363:from the original on 11 May 2017 3203:Easterday, Jim (21 April 2005). 3039:WATT Ag Net – Watt Publishing Co 2903: 2516: 2502: 2488: 2368:Eggs for sale at a grocery store 2238:Egg cleaning on a farm in Norway 2083:increases the ratio of total to 286:was invented by Joseph Coyle in 58: 47: 6704:Daniel Boffey (3 August 2017). 6583:Letters in Applied Microbiology 4886:Nutrition Action Health Letter, 4568:from the original on 9 May 2024 4229:. 22 March 2023. Archived from 4124:Journal of Applied Microbiology 3659:Shanker, Deena (19 June 2015). 3628:"Information on chicken breeds" 3432:from the original on 3 May 2015 2862:to see whose egg breaks first. 435:During production, eggs can be 7373:Torrella, Kenny (1 May 2023). 7348:"Egg Production & Welfare" 3817:Kruszelnicki, Karl S. (2003). 3083:Johns Hopkins University Press 2747:Effective 1 January 2012, the 2031:Pasture-raised free-range hens 886:Egg and Chicken Curry for Rice 342:and one of the most versatile 275:significantly expanded during 1: 7686:Food Law in the United States 6787:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 6694:. Retrieved 26 February 2010. 6675:. Retrieved 26 February 2010. 6376:European Journal of Nutrition 6319:10.1080/10408398.2017.1392288 6272:10.1080/07315724.2016.1152928 6156:Journal of Human Hypertension 5981:Wang, Zeneng (7 April 2011). 5832:10.1080/09637486.2019.1648388 5696:European Journal of Nutrition 5612:10.1080/07315724.2017.1366878 5547:Zhang X, Lv M, Luo X (2020). 4636:). p. 10. Archived from 3805:Shell eggs from farm to table 3594:Journal of Chemical Education 3205:"The Coyle Egg-Safety Carton" 2091:risk in healthy individuals. 1935:formerly categorized eggs as 392:. In some African countries, 384:are considered a delicacy in 240:, eggs were forbidden during 7649:Wilson, Bee (16 June 2020). 7166:. Vegsoc.org. Archived from 6746:Royal Prince Alfred Hospital 6542:Clinical Infectious Diseases 6215:Current Hypertension Reports 5461:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.046 5210:British Journal of Nutrition 5120:British Journal of Nutrition 3700:10.1016/0012-1606(84)90033-2 3294:. Haworth Press. p. 1. 3237:. 6 May 2015. Archived from 2869:is held during the feast of 2670:Laying hens in battery cages 2308:British Egg Industry Council 2162:factors are not controlled. 1909:Percentages estimated using 1230:Nutrition and health effects 1158:, salt, and spices, such as 615:Eggshell color is caused by 572:), contained within various 477:Schematic of a chicken egg: 420:World production of hen eggs 376:The largest bird eggs, from 185:, including a basket of eggs 7321:"EUR-Lex – 31999L0074 – EN" 7164:"Egg laying and male birds" 7056:"Eggs and Egg Colour Chart" 5402:Journal of Ovarian Research 4452:Stadelman, William (1995). 3614:10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00449 3349:Quito, Anne (11 May 2017). 3290:Stadelman, William (1995). 3178:Stadelman, William (1995). 2396:Grading by quality and size 1965:(DV), including (per 100g) 1902:Link to USDA Database entry 1252:647 kJ (155 kcal) 760:A single egg with two yolks 452:Anatomy and characteristics 8319: 7297:. Hsus.org. Archived from 7244:. Hsus.org. Archived from 7088:. Hsus.org. Archived from 6388:10.1007/s00394-020-02345-7 6150:Zhang Y, Zhang DZ (2018). 5709:10.1007/s00394-020-02345-7 5415:10.1186/s13048-021-00911-z 5277:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.07.009 4454:Egg Science and Technology 3942:Spickler, Rovid A (2017). 3292:Egg Science and Technology 3180:Egg Science and Technology 3111:Montagne, Prosper (2001). 3030:Outlook for egg production 2786: 2767: 2659: 2656:Living conditions of birds 2550:Northeastern United States 2399: 2357: 2330: 2017:fats from sources such as 1150:Another method is to make 1107:. Salt draws water out of 853: 749: 688: 659: 639:, and the blue pigment is 623:and may vary according to 608: 455: 288:Smithers, British Columbia 209:around 800 BCE, where the 91: 76: 8253: 7776: 7192:. Cok.net. Archived from 7112:"Eggs and force-moulting" 7014:Results of the study are 6227:10.1007/s11906-020-1029-5 6168:10.1038/s41371-018-0068-8 5775:10.1017/S1368980019002441 5223:10.1017/S0007114515002135 5133:10.1017/S000711451600146X 4768:10.1017/S1742170509990214 4484:. Scribner. p. 117. 4426:. Scribner. p. 116. 4101:10.1007/s11483-010-9200-1 3771:10.1080/00071660600962976 3051:McGee on Food and Cooking 2860:tapped against each other 2414:A scale for grading eggs. 2040:in various chicken eggs. 1908: 1892: 1888: 1854: 1846: 1730: 1726: 1519: 1515: 1508: 1504: 1304: 1300: 1280: 1276: 1256: 878:served with ham and toast 43: 34: 7434:"In-Ovo Sexing Overview" 7041:28 November 2011 at the 6935:25 February 2021 at the 6779:Arnaldo Cantani (2008). 6740:25 November 2011 at the 5365:10.1093/advances/nmaa147 5002:10.1001/jama.281.15.1387 4875:Eggs – No Yolking Matter 4836:The Journal of Nutrition 4596:Home and Garden Bulletin 4398:27 November 2011 at the 4069:24 December 2016 at the 4064:"What the Egg Was First" 3981:The Journal of Nutrition 3944:"Egg Drop Syndrome 1976" 3152:. Scribner. p. 87. 2599:Very dark brown eggs of 2524:Double-yolk egg - opened 1950:A 50-gram (1.8 oz) 1895:For edible portion only. 650:§ Color of eggshell 365:. Smaller eggs, such as 7716:(archived 17 June 2008) 7464:The Library of Congress 6762:12 January 2013 at the 6685:Farming UK news article 6659:6 February 2010 at the 5879:British Medical Journal 5316:10.1093/advances/nmz010 5083:10.3945/ajcn.112.051318 4692:10.1111/1750-3841.12735 4393:How to Store Fresh Eggs 3759:British Poultry Science 3560:10.1124/jpet.115.228130 3490:. New York: Scribners. 2998:10.1073/pnas.2121978119 2873:in Barcelona and other 2804:, Easter eggs from the 2337:One of the most common 1911:US recommendations 1001:eggs may be pasteurized 64:Media: Eggs as food 7375:"Save the male chicks" 7021:11 August 2011 at the 4849:10.1093/jn/128.10.1716 3994:10.1093/jn/128.10.1716 3114:Larousse Gastronomique 3049:McGee, Harold (2004). 2812: 2764:Killing of male chicks 2671: 2611: 2540: 2415: 2377: 2369: 2294:Salmonella typhimurium 2289:Salmonella enteritidis 2252:Salmonella enteritidis 2239: 2203:or reverse causality. 1915:the National Academies 1189: 1147: 1100: 1071:that may cause severe 1036: 988: 887: 879: 868: 761: 557: 470: 421: 332: 324: 264: 186: 106: 85:. For other uses, see 7323:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. 6690:10 March 2012 at the 6673:Lion Code of Practice 5948:Patterson, Kristine. 5353:Advances in Nutrition 5304:Advances in Nutrition 4961:10.1093/ajcn/73.5.885 4808:10.3382/ps.2009-00315 4732:10.3382/ps.2010-01289 3035:15 March 2015 at the 2800: 2787:Further information: 2783:Cultural significance 2669: 2660:Further information: 2598: 2538: 2413: 2375: 2367: 2237: 2156:observational studies 2149:Cardiovascular health 1510:Vitamins and minerals 1185: 1145: 1098: 1030: 978: 885: 874: 864:A fried chicken egg, 863: 759: 580:(from the Greek word 476: 465: 419: 330: 318: 262: 180: 104: 74:Edible animal product 8163:Egg drop competition 7346:Vegetarian Society. 7001:17 June 2013 at the 6983:Evidence cited here 6735:Egg Allergy Brochure 5566:10.21037/atm-20-4243 5173:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa115 4713:Anderson KE (2011). 4052:on 16 December 2012. 3356:Quartz (publication) 3269:. Wiley. p. 8. 3211:on 15 September 2008 2855:in some traditions. 2827:. Before the spring 2733:United Egg Producers 1897:Refuse: 12% (shell). 442:common misconception 87:Egg (disambiguation) 7731:25 May 2014 at the 7274:on 4 September 2009 6817:7 July 2017 at the 6757:"Egg Allergy Facts" 6499:2021JSFA..101.4003K 6445:2019JSFA...99.6663S 6056:2013Natur.493S..10W 6007:10.1038/nature09922 5999:2011Natur.472...57W 5925:. 25 January 2013. 4643:on 5 December 2010. 4328:"Anatomy of an Egg" 4279:Annapolis, MD Patch 4233:on 27 October 2023. 4171:Biochemical Journal 3737:on 21 November 2014 3640:on 16 February 2010 3606:2017JChEd..94.1533H 3462:The Washington Post 2989:2022PNAS..11921978P 2983:(24): e2121978119. 2183:phosphatidylcholine 2051:Cholesterol and fat 1610:Pantothenic acid (B 1238: 1133:osmotic equilibrium 845:Culinary properties 824:Double-shelled eggs 740:those for influenza 269:St. Louis, Missouri 225:, as offerings. In 195:Indian subcontinent 31: 8158:Egg-and-spoon race 7985:List of egg dishes 7798:Fish and amphibian 7779:List of egg topics 7629:The New York Times 7438:Innovate Animal Ag 7196:on 24 January 2010 7170:on 6 December 1998 7144:on 12 October 2009 7118:on 19 October 2008 6930:historical archive 6507:10.1002/jsfa.11109 5763:Public Health Nutr 5265:Clinical Nutrition 4880:9 May 2008 at the 4332:Science of Cooking 4075:The New York Times 3908:10.3382/ps.0480349 3486:McGee, H. (2004). 3085:. pp. 54–55. 2957:Kenneth F. Kiple, 2939:List of egg dishes 2813: 2738:The Humane Society 2707:selective breeding 2672: 2616:The New York Times 2612: 2541: 2481:are graded by size 2416: 2378: 2370: 2343:Allergic reactions 2240: 1941:Food Guide Pyramid 1860:Other constituents 1237:whole, hard-boiled 1190: 1148: 1101: 1037: 989: 888: 880: 869: 856:List of egg dishes 770:vitelline membrane 762: 558: 510:Vitelline membrane 471: 422: 338:eggs are a common 333: 325: 265: 187: 107: 79:Chicken or the egg 8285: 8284: 8218:Ovo vegetarianism 7696:978-1-107-11760-0 7662:978-0-691-21408-5 7551:www.barcelona.cat 7222:on 8 January 2008 7190:"Free-range eggs" 6798:978-3-540-20768-9 6744:, distributed by 6493:(10): 4003–4009. 6453:10.1002/jsfa.9903 6439:(15): 6663–6670. 6116:10.2337/db19-0153 6050:(7434): S10–S11. 5891:10.1136/bmj.e8539 5502:(20): 1506–1520. 5126:(12): 2212–2218. 4948:Am. J. Clin. Nutr 4888:July/August 1997. 4842:(10): 1716–1722. 4592:"How to Buy Eggs" 4553:978-0-309-48834-1 4491:978-0-684-80001-1 4463:978-1-56022-854-7 4433:978-0-684-80001-1 4334:. Exploratorium. 4316:978-0-393-08108-4 4281:. 28 March 2018. 4245:"overcooked eggs" 4183:10.1042/bj0140114 4077:, 7 February 2007 4040:(12): 1596–1600. 3987:(10): 1716–1722. 3867:10.1038/2101371a0 3600:(10): 1533–1537. 3497:978-0-684-80001-1 3301:978-1-56022-854-7 3276:978-0-471-76913-2 3241:on 10 August 2016 3189:978-1-56022-854-7 3159:978-0-684-80001-1 3124:978-0-609-60971-2 3092:978-0-8018-5740-9 3060:978-0-340-83149-6 2742:Certified Organic 2531:Color of eggshell 2406:Chicken egg sizes 1921: 1920: 1850: 1849: 1173:calcium carbonate 1023:Flavor variations 838:egg drop syndrome 836:may be caused by 834:thin-shelled eggs 668:eggshell membrane 662:Eggshell membrane 635:, a precursor of 633:protoporphyrin IX 568:), and vitellus ( 515:Nucleus of Pander 167:battery husbandry 72: 71: 16:(Redirected from 8310: 8273: 8272: 8261: 8260: 8015:Custard desserts 7763: 7756: 7749: 7740: 7701: 7700: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7500:English Heritage 7492: 7486: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7430: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7354:on 16 March 2018 7350:. 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Machine 7720:Egg Information 7710: 7705: 7704: 7697: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7633: 7631: 7622: 7621: 7617: 7607: 7605: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7581: 7579: 7570: 7569: 7565: 7555: 7553: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7530: 7528: 7519: 7518: 7514: 7504: 7502: 7494: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7478: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7442: 7440: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7417: 7415: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7383: 7381: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7330: 7328: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7304: 7302: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7251: 7249: 7240: 7239: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7214: 7213: 7209: 7199: 7197: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7173: 7171: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7084: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7067: 7060:The Marans Club 7054: 7053: 7049: 7045:is one example. 7043:Wayback Machine 7033: 7029: 7023:Wayback Machine 7013: 7009: 7003:Wayback Machine 6994: 6990: 6982: 6978: 6968: 6966: 6951: 6950: 6943: 6937:Wayback Machine 6924: 6920: 6912: 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5262: 5261: 5257: 5216:(7): 1099–107. 5203: 5202: 5198: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5064: 5063: 5056: 5029:Atherosclerosis 5026: 5025: 5018: 4995:(15): 1387–94. 4982: 4981: 4977: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4882:Wayback Machine 4872: 4865: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4795:Poultry Science 4788: 4787: 4783: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4719:Poultry Science 4712: 4711: 4707: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4629: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4589: 4588: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4554: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4451: 4450: 4441: 4434: 4418: 4417: 4406: 4400:Wayback Machine 4391: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4361: 4360: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4089:Food Biophysics 4086: 4085: 4081: 4071:Wayback Machine 4062:Marian Burros, 4061: 4057: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3895:Poultry Science 3888: 3887: 3883: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3803: 3794: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3435: 3433: 3422:"Candling eggs" 3420: 3419: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3384: 3383: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3330:on 5 March 2016 3314: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3264: 3263: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3177: 3176: 3167: 3160: 3144: 3143: 3132: 3125: 3110: 3109: 3100: 3093: 3076: 3075: 3068: 3061: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3037:Wayback Machine 3028: 3024: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2909: 2902: 2899: 2883: 2849:Easter egg hunt 2795: 2785: 2772: 2766: 2753:furnished cages 2717:Free-range eggs 2681:escape behavior 2676:factory farming 2664: 2658: 2552:, particularly 2533: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2408: 2398: 2362: 2360:Poultry farming 2356: 2335: 2329: 2232: 2209: 2151: 2143:umbrella review 2125: 2105:type 2 diabetes 2101: 2099:Type 2 diabetes 2085:HDL cholesterol 2053: 2015:polyunsaturated 2001: 1982: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1841: 1828: 1815: 1802: 1789: 1776: 1763: 1751: 1721: 1708: 1695: 1682: 1669: 1661: 1653: 1644: 1636: 1628: 1620: 1611: 1603: 1594: 1586: 1577: 1569: 1560: 1552: 1540: 1511: 1320: 1315: 1296: 1291: 1272: 1267: 1236: 1232: 1117:salted duck egg 1099:Salted duck egg 1093: 1060: 1025: 973: 910:, soft-boiled, 858: 852: 850:Types of dishes 847: 801: 754: 748: 693: 687: 664: 658: 613: 607: 594: 556: 460: 454: 414: 313: 175: 154:mass production 97: 90: 75: 68: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8316: 8314: 8306: 8305: 8300: 8290: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8279: 8267: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8228:Vegreville egg 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8134: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7981: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7964: 7955: 7950: 7944: 7942: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7828: 7823: 7817: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7758: 7751: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7723: 7717: 7709: 7708:External links 7706: 7703: 7702: 7695: 7675: 7661: 7641: 7615: 7589: 7563: 7538: 7512: 7487: 7476: 7450: 7425: 7391: 7365: 7338: 7312: 7301:on 18 May 2008 7285: 7259: 7248:on 18 May 2008 7233: 7207: 7181: 7155: 7129: 7103: 7077: 7047: 7027: 7016:published here 7007: 6988: 6976: 6953:"A Blue Story" 6941: 6927:New York Times 6918: 6916:, for example. 6906: 6880: 6849: 6823: 6804: 6797: 6768: 6749: 6727: 6696: 6677: 6665: 6646: 6618: 6589:(6): 595–601. 6569: 6555:10.1086/381576 6528: 6476: 6419: 6362: 6293: 6266:(8): 704–716. 6250: 6201: 6162:(7): 507–517. 6142: 6087: 6030: 5973: 5940: 5914: 5865: 5826:(3): 325–331. 5806: 5769:(5): 935–955. 5749: 5682: 5633: 5590: 5539: 5482: 5439: 5388: 5359:(3): 809–849. 5339: 5310:(4): 660–672. 5290: 5271:(4): 635–641. 5255: 5196: 5167:(3): 619–630. 5147: 5106: 5071:Am J Clin Nutr 5054: 5035:(2): 524–530. 5016: 4975: 4934: 4912: 4890: 4863: 4822: 4801:(3): 582–587. 4781: 4746: 4705: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4617: 4579: 4552: 4531: 4497: 4490: 4469: 4462: 4439: 4432: 4404: 4385: 4349: 4319: 4296: 4266: 4249:Times of india 4236: 4214: 4177:(2): 114–119. 4157: 4114: 4079: 4055: 4020: 3967: 3934: 3901:(1): 349–350. 3881: 3860:(5043): 1371. 3840: 3809: 3792: 3765:(5): 561–566. 3748: 3722: 3713: 3678: 3651: 3619: 3584: 3553:(2): 267–275. 3533: 3503: 3496: 3475: 3447: 3410: 3392:Bloomberg News 3374: 3341: 3324:United Nations 3307: 3300: 3282: 3275: 3252: 3222: 3195: 3188: 3165: 3158: 3130: 3123: 3098: 3091: 3066: 3059: 3041: 3022: 2963: 2961:(2007), p. 22. 2949: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2898: 2895: 2882: 2879: 2871:Corpus Christi 2851:. They may be 2810:Czech Republic 2789:Egg decorating 2784: 2781: 2768:Main article: 2765: 2762: 2749:European Union 2729:animal welfare 2696:forced to molt 2657: 2654: 2578:United Kingdom 2532: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2487: 2466:European Union 2458: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2426:U.S. Grade AA 2397: 2394: 2355: 2352: 2339:food allergies 2331:Main article: 2328: 2325: 2299:hermetic seals 2231: 2228: 2208: 2205: 2150: 2147: 2133:ovarian cancer 2124: 2121: 2100: 2097: 2070:myristic acids 2052: 2049: 2038:macronutrients 1980: 1919: 1918: 1906: 1905: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1745: 1740: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1534: 1529: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1231: 1228: 1166:. Frequently, 1092: 1089: 1073:food poisoning 1059: 1056: 1024: 1021: 972: 969: 876:Scrambled eggs 851: 848: 846: 843: 842: 841: 827: 821: 813: 800: 797: 750:Main article: 747: 744: 689:Main article: 686: 683: 660:Main article: 657: 654: 645:chicken breeds 609:Main article: 606: 603: 593: 590: 574:thin membranes 555: 554: 549: 546: 541: 535: 529: 523: 517: 512: 507: 501: 495: 490: 489:Inner membrane 487: 486:Outer membrane 484: 478: 453: 450: 413: 410: 312: 309: 292:Bulkley Valley 197:) before 7500 174: 171: 163:European Union 73: 70: 69: 67: 66: 55: 44: 41: 40: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8315: 8304: 8303:Types of food 8301: 8299: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8278: 8277: 8268: 8266: 8265: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8213:Organizations 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8188:Humpty Dumpty 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7907:Ovoviviparity 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7813:Fossil record 7810: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7775: 7771: 7764: 7759: 7757: 7752: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7734: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7698: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7679: 7676: 7664: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7645: 7642: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7616: 7604: 7600: 7593: 7590: 7578: 7574: 7567: 7564: 7552: 7548: 7542: 7539: 7527: 7526:3 Seas Europe 7523: 7516: 7513: 7501: 7497: 7491: 7488: 7485: 7480: 7477: 7465: 7461: 7454: 7451: 7439: 7435: 7429: 7426: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7392: 7380: 7376: 7369: 7366: 7353: 7349: 7342: 7339: 7326: 7322: 7316: 7313: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7286: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7260: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7234: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7208: 7195: 7191: 7185: 7182: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7156: 7143: 7139: 7133: 7130: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7104: 7092:on 1 May 2008 7091: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7051: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7037: 7031: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6997: 6992: 6989: 6985: 6980: 6977: 6964: 6960: 6959: 6958:New Scientist 6954: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6922: 6919: 6915: 6910: 6907: 6895: 6891: 6884: 6881: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6853: 6850: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6824: 6821:(April 2015). 6820: 6816: 6813: 6808: 6805: 6800: 6794: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6758: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6731: 6728: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6681: 6678: 6674: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6650: 6647: 6642: 6638: 6635:(1): 118–24. 6634: 6630: 6622: 6619: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6573: 6570: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6548:: S244–S252. 6547: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6529: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6480: 6477: 6472: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6420: 6415: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6366: 6363: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6297: 6294: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6251: 6246: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6202: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6143: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6103: 6098: 6091: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6031: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5977: 5974: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5941: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5866: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5807: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5683: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5637: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5606:(2): 99–110. 5605: 5601: 5594: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5540: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5483: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5443: 5440: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5343: 5340: 5335: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5256: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5233:10044/1/48759 5229: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5197: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5077:(1): 146–59. 5076: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4976: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4954:(5): 885–91. 4953: 4949: 4945: 4938: 4935: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4826: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4785: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4747: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4686:(1): S180–7. 4685: 4681: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4618: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4535: 4532: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4493: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4478:McGee, Harold 4473: 4470: 4465: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4420:McGee, Harold 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4389: 4386: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4307: 4300: 4297: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4130:(4): 438–44. 4129: 4125: 4118: 4115: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4021: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3968: 3952: 3945: 3938: 3935: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3841: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3749: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3679: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3652: 3636: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3534: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3489: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3342: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3283: 3278: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3196: 3191: 3185: 3181: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3146:McGee, Harold 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3052: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2934:List of foods 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2842:New Testament 2838: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2777:in-ovo sexing 2771: 2770:Chick culling 2763: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2712: 2709:, laying hen 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2677: 2668: 2663: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2630: 2628: 2623: 2622: 2621:New Scientist 2617: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2590:smallholdings 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2546:United States 2537: 2530: 2519: 2514: 2505: 2500: 2491: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2479:Chicken eggs 2477: 2475: 2474:battery caged 2471: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2448:U.S. Grade B 2447: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2437:U.S. Grade A 2436: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2374: 2366: 2361: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2245: 2236: 2230:Contamination 2229: 2227: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2129:breast cancer 2122: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2113:United States 2108: 2106: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2089:heart disease 2086: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2058:Saturated fat 2050: 2048: 2046: 2045:salmonellosis 2041: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1996:(11% DV) and 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1666: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1648: 1640: 1633: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1615: 1607: 1600: 1598: 1590: 1583: 1581: 1576:Riboflavin (B 1573: 1566: 1564: 1556: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1466:Glutamic acid 1463: 1459: 1457: 1456:Aspartic acid 1453: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1396:Phenylalanine 1393: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264:Carbohydrates 1259: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1097: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1045:triethylamine 1042: 1034: 1029: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1002: 996: 994: 986: 982: 977: 970: 968: 966: 962: 961:food additive 957: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 920:salmonellosis 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 884: 877: 873: 867: 866:sunny side up 862: 857: 849: 844: 839: 835: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 818: 817:Yolkless eggs 814: 811: 810: 806: 805: 804: 799:Abnormalities 798: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 758: 753: 745: 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 708: 706: 702: 698: 692: 684: 682: 680: 677: 673: 669: 663: 655: 653: 651: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 612: 604: 602: 600: 591: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 553: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 536: 534: 530: 528: 524: 521: 520:Germinal disc 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 502: 500: 496: 494: 491: 488: 485: 483: 480: 479: 475: 469: 464: 459: 458:Egg (biology) 451: 449: 447: 443: 438: 433: 429: 427: 418: 411: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 348:food industry 345: 341: 337: 329: 322: 317: 310: 308: 304: 302: 301:biodegradable 297: 293: 289: 285: 282:In 1911, the 280: 278: 274: 270: 261: 257: 255: 251: 246: 243: 239: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 215:Thebes, Egypt 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 184: 183:tomb of Menna 179: 172: 170: 169:of chickens. 168: 164: 159: 155: 150: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 113:, especially 112: 103: 99: 95: 94:egg predation 88: 84: 80: 65: 61: 56: 54: 53:Cookbook: Egg 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 33: 19: 8274: 8262: 8055:Onsen tamago 7976: 7685: 7678: 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Retrieved 3209:the original 3198: 3179: 3149: 3113: 3078: 3050: 3044: 3025: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2958: 2953: 2929:Ham and eggs 2924:Yolkless egg 2884: 2864: 2857: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2821:egg painting 2814: 2808:region, the 2801: 2773: 2746: 2726: 2715: 2704: 2685: 2673: 2662:Battery cage 2650: 2639:Research at 2638: 2631: 2619: 2615: 2613: 2542: 2478: 2459: 2417: 2402:Food grading 2379: 2336: 2327:Food allergy 2318: 2311: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2270: 2256: 2250: 2241: 2224:inflammation 2221: 2213:hypertension 2210: 2190: 2180: 2176: 2164: 2152: 2140: 2137: 2126: 2117: 2109: 2102: 2093:Harold McGee 2078: 2054: 2042: 2035: 2005: 1960: 1952:medium/large 1949: 1936: 1922: 1864: 1859: 1747: 1742: 1735: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1310: 1286: 1262: 1224:fermentation 1191: 1152:pickled eggs 1149: 1102: 1091:Preservation 1085: 1080: 1063: 1061: 1049: 1038: 1018: 1006: 997: 990: 983:with potato 979:Soft-boiled 958: 939: 928: 924:bioavailable 889: 833: 829: 823: 815: 807: 802: 781:xanthophylls 774: 763: 732:carbohydrate 720:mucoproteins 709: 694: 665: 614: 595: 559: 434: 430: 423: 375: 352: 334: 305: 281: 277:World War II 266: 247: 235: 227:ancient Rome 219:ostrich eggs 188: 151: 108: 98: 29:Eggs as food 8298:Eggs (food) 8173:Fabergé egg 7556:25 November 7531:25 November 7505:25 November 7469:25 November 6899:25 November 6894:New England 6873:26 November 6863:Grub Street 5496:Circulation 4610:28 February 4259:13 February 3960:20 February 3927:4 September 3403:28 February 2911:Food portal 2867:dancing egg 2758:egg marking 2692:cannibalism 2674:Commercial 2554:New England 2333:Egg allergy 2201:confounding 2160:confounding 2081:cholesterol 2011:fatty acids 1963:Daily Value 1939:within the 1880:Cholesterol 1559:Thiamine (B 1235:Chicken egg 1194:century egg 1187:Century egg 1031:A batch of 963:to deliver 908:hard-boiled 892:baked goods 714:(including 564:, albumen ( 344:ingredients 323:egg (right) 296:Polystyrene 238:Middle Ages 158:metric tons 8292:Categories 8183:HowToBasic 8178:Free range 8153:Easter egg 8148:Decorating 8130:In culture 8020:Deep fried 7941:Components 7821:Cephalopod 7484:Luke 11:12 7443:21 January 7358:22 October 7331:10 January 7305:10 January 7278:10 January 7252:10 January 7226:22 January 7200:10 January 7174:10 January 7148:10 January 7122:10 January 7096:10 January 7070:30 October 6842:23 January 6712:. London. 5933:22 January 5408:(1): 153. 4680:J Food Sci 4378:30 October 4342:30 October 3833:9 December 3671:22 January 3644:10 January 3526:1 December 3457:"Egged On" 2945:References 2891:food fraud 2815:A popular 2793:Easter egg 2721:Free-range 2576:, and the 2566:Costa Rica 2470:free range 2420:Haugh unit 2400:See also: 2358:See also: 2313:Salmonella 2285:Salmonella 2281:Salmonella 2257:Salmonella 2249:, such as 2244:pathogenic 2023:chia seeds 2000:(15% DV). 1992:(25% DV), 1990:phosphorus 1988:(60% DV), 1984:(46% DV), 1977:(28% DV), 1973:(42% DV), 1971:riboflavin 1969:(19% DV), 1796:Phosphorus 1376:Methionine 1346:Isoleucine 1326:Tryptophan 1081:Salmonella 1065:Salmonella 981:quail eggs 931:emulsifier 854:See also: 830:Shell-less 738:, such as 701:fertilized 641:biliverdin 456:See also: 412:Production 406:poulterers 394:guineafowl 367:quail eggs 284:egg carton 273:dried eggs 254:lemon curd 191:prehistory 135:amphibians 121:, such as 8138:Balancing 8100:Scrambled 7912:Ovulation 7902:Oviparity 7882:Oogenesis 7841:Pathology 7803:Monotreme 7577:MyRecipes 7413:0261-3077 6523:231700748 6396:1436-6207 6221:(3): 24. 6194:4 January 5848:199437922 5801:204029375 5744:221372891 5718:1436-6207 5534:247853807 5477:220499217 4762:: 45–54. 4289:8 January 4191:0006-2936 3512:"AskUSDA" 3334:3 October 2919:Fish eggs 2607:breed of 2462:Australia 2074:egg white 2027:flaxseeds 1998:vitamin D 1979:vitamin B 1967:vitamin A 1809:Potassium 1783:Magnesium 1715:Vitamin K 1702:Vitamin E 1689:Vitamin D 1660:Vitamin B 1643:Folate (B 1627:Vitamin B 1593:Niacin (B 1436:Histidine 1336:Threonine 950:meringues 912:omelettes 896:scrambled 779:known as 724:globulins 691:Egg white 566:egg white 537:Internal 522:(nucleus) 497:Exterior 446:egg boxes 400:eggs and 382:Gull eggs 378:ostriches 311:Varieties 127:ostriches 18:Egg fraud 8264:Category 8065:Powdered 8050:Omelette 8045:Meringue 7995:Benedict 7962:membrane 7862:Egg cell 7835:dinosaur 7729:Archived 7668:20 April 7634:20 April 7608:20 April 7582:20 April 7325:Archived 7064:Archived 7039:Archived 7019:Archived 6999:Archived 6963:Archived 6933:Archived 6867:Archived 6815:Archived 6760:Archived 6738:Archived 6720:3 August 6714:Archived 6688:Archived 6657:Archived 6641:17503652 6613:19995946 6605:17576219 6564:15095196 6515:33491232 6471:31259415 6414:32865658 6349:Archived 6345:38637145 6337:29039970 6288:37407829 6280:27710205 6245:32114646 6188:Archived 6184:19187913 6176:29725070 6129:Archived 6125:31167879 6102:Diabetes 6074:23364764 6025:21475195 5966:25 April 5957:Archived 5927:Archived 5909:23295181 5852:Archived 5840:31379223 5793:31599222 5784:10200385 5736:32865658 5677:32132002 5653:: m513. 5628:33208171 5620:29111915 5585:33313088 5526:35360933 5469:32653422 5434:34758846 5383:33271590 5334:31041448 5285:25108572 5250:31168561 5242:26293984 5191:32453379 5142:27108219 5101:23676423 5049:23643053 5011:10217054 4970:11333841 4878:Archived 4817:20181877 4776:33668490 4741:21673178 4700:25557903 4604:Archived 4566:Archived 4562:30844154 4524:28 March 4518:Archived 4508:(2024). 4480:(2004). 4422:(2004). 4396:Archived 4372:Archived 4336:Archived 4283:Archived 4253:Archived 4209:16742889 4152:22582907 4109:97933856 4067:Archived 4013:18 April 4007:Archived 3951:Archived 3921:Archived 3827:Archived 3787:20868953 3779:17050099 3741:30 April 3688:Dev Biol 3665:Archived 3579:26588930 3520:Archived 3430:Archived 3428:. 2019. 3397:Archived 3361:Archived 3215:21 April 3148:(2004). 3033:Archived 3017:35666876 2897:See also 2688:debeaked 2634:araucana 2464:and the 2382:roosters 2321:fipronil 2247:bacteria 2187:lecithin 2158:, where 2062:palmitic 2019:fish oil 1865:Quantity 1743:Quantity 1737:Minerals 1637:0.121 mg 1604:0.064 mg 1570:0.066 mg 1532:Quantity 1526:Vitamins 1426:Arginine 1406:Tyrosine 1215:alkaline 1204:, salt, 1202:wood ash 1168:beetroot 1164:allspice 1109:bacteria 1069:bacteria 1052:Tea eggs 1041:rapeseed 1033:tea eggs 985:galettes 935:custards 793:marigold 777:pigments 752:Egg yolk 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