Egyptian Army - Knowledge (XXG)

1128: 1494:

personnel attacked the makeshift protest encampment, where demonstrators, including women and children, had been camped out for over 45 days, and opened fire on the protesters, killing at least 817 and likely more than 1,000. Human Rights Watch researchers documented the dispersal of the Rab’a sit-in and found that security forces opened fire on protesters using live ammunition, with hundreds killed by bullets to their heads, necks, and chests. Human Rights Watch also found that security forces used lethal force indiscriminately, with snipers and gunmen inside and alongside APCs firing their weaponry on large crowds of protesters. Dozens of witnesses also said they saw snipers fire from helicopters over Rab’a Square.

792:

discovery was assumed to be definite along with the punishment thereof. For example, a deserter would receive 15 days imprisonment and 200 lashes for his crime. The harsh punishment, coupled with the fact that roll was called three times daily, dispelled any thought of desertion on the part of the soldier. The previous conception of punishment changed from vengeance to certainty. By far the biggest military reform in this period was crafting the military mindset into one of absolute obedience to prevent any want of dissent. As the soldiers left their old lives for their new military life, they learned their new place in society through their own unique law code and practice.

813: 1358: 2702: 872: 1562: 4560: 796:

public physical punishments are. However, corporal punishment was not entirely removed. Oftentimes, corporal punishment, such as whipping, will be used along with imprisonment. Prison sentences were divided into three types: light house arrest, heavy house arrest, and imprisonment in the camp jail. Light house arrest had the soldier in isolation for up to two months. Heavy house arrest is limited to one month and has a guard watching over the prisoner and the last option is imprisonment in the camp jail for up to fifteen days.

2695: 2688: 844:, along with 98,000 labourers, 23,000 of whom were serving overseas. The number of Egyptian enlistments could not be increased as conscription could threaten the production of much needed food and cotton and the stability of Egypt. Also by this time, much of the railway lines in Egypt that were not crucial to the production of cotton, sugar, cereals and forages, had already been lifted and used on the military railway, except the Khedivial Railway from Alexandria to Dabaa which was available for emergencies. The 1062:, was a purely political appointee who owed his position to his close friendship with Nasser. A heavy drinker, he would prove himself grossly incompetent as a general during the Crisis. Rigid lines between officers and men in the Egyptian Army led to a mutual "mistrust and contempt" between officers and the men who served under them. Egyptian troops were excellent in defensive operations, but had little capacity for offensive operations, owing to the lack of "rapport and effective small-unit leadership". 2545: 788:

subservience was the Pasha's ultimate goal. An example of this extreme surveillance was the Tezkere. The Tezkere was a certificate with a military official's stamp of approval that allowed the soldier to leave the camp premises. The certificate specified the soldier's reason for and specific details of his absence. The soldier would be invoked to show his certificate when he traveled to prove the legitimacy of his excursion. Even outside the camp surveillance, the soldier is still closely watched.

2681: 1035: 2559: 2552: 2568: 1242: 1114:

committing more troops. A little less than 5,000 troops were sent in October 1962. Two months later, Egypt had 15,000 regular troops deployed. By late 1963, the number was increased to 36,000; and in late 1964, the number rose to 50,000 Egyptian troops in Yemen. Late 1965 represented the high-water mark of Egyptian troop commitment in Yemen at 55,000 troops, which were broken into 13 infantry regiments of one artillery division, one tank division from the

770:

the soldier distinct from that of civilian life. In order to be completely indoctrinated and adapted to the military, they needed to be stripped of their daily lives, habits, and practices. Inside these barracks, soldiers were also subjected to new practices. The rules and regulations were not made to inflict punishment on the recruits but rather to impose a sense of respect for the law; the threat of punishment was enough to keep them in line and from

2492: 2182: 1102: 57: 1557: 1552: 1547: 4677: 4550: 4540: 4530: 929:

Palestine War the extent of the graft and corruption among these older officers became apparent to an alarming degree, and during 1950 the younger officers succeeded in forcing a thorough investigation of the Arms Scandal, resulting in the retirement of the majority of the top-ranking generals, including Haidar Pasha, the Commander-in-Chief, Osman Mahdi Pasha, the Chief of Staff, and Sirry Amer Pasha, Commander of the elite

1074:(one division). The field formations were preoccupied with changing over from British and American to Soviet military equipment. But after the Israeli attack started, "he Egyptians in the Sinai never had a chance.' The Israelis seized the advantage, severed all the fragile seams in the organisation of the Egyptian forces, and destroyed their defences. Nasser ordered retreat from the Sinai which turned into a rout. 967: 2291: 2284: 2538: 2531: 2277: 2270: 2263: 2256: 2249: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2221: 1309: 3313: 738:, however, the offer was withdrawn and he only obtained command of the Egyptian police. In this post he devoted by far the greater amount of his energy to the training of the gendarmerie, which he realised would be the reserve of the purely military forces. Egypt was then involved in the long-running 1881–1899 1349:

steps to encourage initiative at the lower levels of command. A shortage of well-trained enlisted personnel became a serious problem for the army as it adopted increasingly complex weapons systems. Observers estimated in 1986 that 75 percent of all conscripts were illiterate when they entered the military.

1113:

Within three months of sending troops to Yemen in 1962, Nasser realized that the engagement would require a larger commitment than anticipated. By early 1963, he would begin a four-year campaign to extricate Egyptian forces from Yemen, using an unsuccessful face-saving mechanism, only to find himself

1081:

wrote that the Egyptian ground forces were estimated to have a strength of 70,000 in combat units, and a total strength of 100,000. While there were three infantry divisions & one armoured division headquarters, they only performed administrative duties. The largest Egyptian combat units were the

799:

Policies was also enacted to modernize the army in the way they are structured outside the battlefield. Soldiers were given identification numbers to use on paperwork. A wider variety of uniforms were used to differentiate between ranks. Even buildings has regulations placed on them. Tents were to be

1348:

Decision making in the army continued to be highly centralized during the 1980s. Officers below brigade level rarely made tactical decisions and required the approval of higher-ranking authorities before they modified any operations. Senior army officers were aware of this situation and began taking

829:

In 1914 the Egyptian Army was a largely native home-defence force. It comprised 17 battalions of infantry (8 Sudanese and 9 Egyptian), 3 companies of mounted infantry, a Camel Corps, support services and various local militia groups. It was organised, expanded and equipped by the British during the

769:

The Pasha's goal was to create military order through indoctrination by two new major key practices: isolation and surveillance. In previous times, the wives and family were allowed to follow the army wherever they camped. This was no longer the case. The Pasha sought to create a whole new life for

556:

For most of its long history, ancient Egypt was unified under one government. There were three kingdoms and two intermediate periods. During the three kingdoms Egypt was unified under one government. During the intermediate periods between kingdoms government control was in the hands of the various

2129:

operates over forty hospital facilities across Egypt. Cairo's Kobry Bridge complex of Multiple military hospitals (opened 2011; new additions planned through 2019), is part of an ongoing effort by the Egyptian Army to offer cutting-edge treatment and patient care. The facility has 840 beds spread

1296:

On October 22 a United Nations-brokered ceasefire quickly unraveled, with each side blaming the other for the breach. By October 24, the Israelis had improved their positions considerably and completed their encirclement of Egypt's Third Army and the city of Suez. This development led to tensions

885:

Before the Second World War, "military service was compulsory for men between the ages of nineteen and twenty-seven, but because of the limited size of the army—about 23,000 in 1939—few were actually conscripted. During World War II, Egypt's army grew to about 100,000 troops. Britain maintained a

1288:

located deeper in the Sinai would make his position stronger during the negotiations. He therefore ordered the Egyptians to go back on the offensive, but the attack was quickly repulsed. The Israelis then counterattacked at the juncture of the Second and Third Armies, crossed the Suez Canal into

795:

The transition from corporal punishment as the official policy for punishment to imprisonment is important to the modernization of Egypt's army. The reasoning was that the law can always be applied and a soldier can always be punished for his crimes and that is a better deterrent for crimes than

787:

Isolation also allowed for more intense surveillance. The idea was to promote order through initial obedience rather than through punishment. Though this idea seems humane in nature, the change in mindset went from trust to mistrust and the consequences of disobedience were often fatal. Complete

778:

was taken twice a day and those found missing would be declared deserters and would have to face the punishment for their actions. Troops were kept busy to prevent the men from being left idle in the camps. The trivial tasks that filled the soldiers live was an attempt to keep the men constantly

568:

valley. Nevertheless, the great expanses of the desert formed a barrier that protected the river valley and was almost impossible for massive armies to cross. The Egyptians built fortresses and outposts along the borders east and west of the Nile Delta, in the Eastern Desert, and in Nubia to the

803:

Passing laws with a strict punishment regime was not sufficient for the soldiers to internalize the different army regulations that they were asked to obey. For this to succeed these soldiers had to be interned and isolated from outside influences. They then had to be taught to follow rules and

1493:

The gravest incident of mass protester killings occurred on August 14, when security forces crushed the major pro-Morsy sit-in in Rab’a al-Adawiya Square in the Nasr City district of eastern Cairo. Using armored personnel carriers (APCs), bulldozers, ground forces, and snipers, police and army

791:

The Pasha himself also served as a form of surveillance. The law and its strict implementation thereof gave the impression of the Pasha's constant presence. The Pasha highly regarded law and fabricated in his society a strong link between crime and punishment. If a soldier committed crime, its

4466:, POMED/CIP, May 2020. "The immense human toll of the Egyptian military’s approach to counterterrorism in the Sinai has alienated local communities and radicalized significant numbers of individuals who have subsequently been recruited by one of the nearly 12 terrorist groups operating there." 2667:

The Egyptian Army utilizes a British style ceremonial outfit, with desert camouflage implemented in 2012. Identification between the different branches of the Egyptian Army depended on the insignia on the upper left shoulder of the uniform, and also the color of the beret. The Airborne, Shock

928:

U.S. diplomats wrote in 1952 that a split had been developing since 1929-30 between college educated younger officers, who had been dispatched to take staff course in the United Kingdom, and the "older ill-educated top-ranking officers were apparently keeping them from promotion. During the

1404:

The Army conducted Exercise Badr '96 in 1996 in the Sinai. The virtual enemy during the exercise was Israel. The exercises in the Sinai were part of a larger exercise that involved 35,000 men in total. Egypt conducted another Badr exercise, the largest military exercise since 1996 in 2014.

1393:; halted after 'desultory' Iraqi artillery fire; continued to move so slowly that on the morning of the third day of the war, still had not taken their first day's objectives; and could not reorient themselves in order to take up an invitation to join a ceremonial joint Arab entry into 726:

led by Sheikh Ahmad Al Tayyib which started with a minimal victory for them in the beginning, successfully seizing all of Upper Egypt under their control. Later in war, the Egyptian government forces managed to defeat the rebels in a series of battles and recaptured all of Upper Egypt.

540:

The Egyptian Ground Forces are under the direct command of the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces. As of 2023, the army has an estimated strength of 310,000 of which approximately 90,000–120,000 are professionals and the rest conscripts. There exists an additional 375,000 reservists.

1344:

were stationed near Cairo under central control but could be transferred quickly to one of the field armies if needed. District commanders, who generally held the rank of major general, maintained liaison with governors and other civil authorities on matters of domestic security.

1428:(Prevlaka), and Sierra Leone. UN official sources say Egypt participated in UNCRO, but Berman and Sams, citing official Egyptian sources at the Egyptian Delegation to the United Nations, say this is incorrect. Troops were dispatched to UNPROFOR (a battalion of 410 men), 561:(provinces within Egypt) and various foreigners. This circumstance set the stage for many of Egypt's military conquests. They weakened their enemies by using small projectile weapons, like bows and arrows. They also had chariots which they used to charge at the enemy. 1451:

Today conscripts without a college degree serve three years as enlisted soldiers. Conscripts with a General Secondary School degree serve two years as enlisted soldiers. Conscripts with a college degree serve 14 months as enlisted or 27 months as a reserve officer.

779:

engaged in useful tasks and not thinking about leaving. There were also many other reasons why the Pasha enforced this strict isolation. Previously, soldiers would ransack towns and cause mayhem wherever they went. Military disobedience was so frequent that the

1222:) had their commanders and chiefs of staff replaced. What fragmentary information is available suggests to authors such as Pollack that Amer was trying to improve the competence of the force, replacing political appointees with veterans of the Yemen war. 820:

In 1882, the independence of Egypt ended when it came under British occupation. Though it maintained a level of autonomy, it was essentially a puppet state for the British. Under British control it participated in World War I against the Ottoman Empire.

933:. However, not long ago after the retirement of these officers, they were quietly reappointed to their old positions by the King, and the junior officers again found themselves the victims of graft, corruption and favoritism by the Palace clique." 754:'s reign, the Egyptian army became a much more strictly regimented and professional army. The recruits were separated from daily civilian life and a sense of impersonal law was imposed. Muhammad Ali Pasha previously attempted to create an army of 1065:

Tsouras writes that the mobilised strength of the army in October 1956 was 100,000, in 18 brigades (of which 10 were infantry, 2 armoured, 1 armoured training, and 1 medium machine-gun). The main manoeuvre formations were concentrated in the

2138:. It is associated with the Armed Forces Medical College, founded in 1827. This was the Middle East's first modern school of medicine and was a product of Egypt's newly established Military Department of Health during the administration of 830:

prewar years, and led by British officers. Although a few field artillery units participated voluntarily in the defence of the Suez Canal in early 1915, the Egyptian Army was primarily employed to maintain order in the troubled Sudan.

1515:

accused the Egyptian armed forces of violating international human rights law and committing war crimes by demolishing more than 12,300 residential and commercial buildings and 6,000 hectares of farmland since 2013 in North Sinai.

3846: 1297:

between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a result, a second ceasefire was imposed cooperatively on October 25 to end the war. At the conclusion of hostilities, Israeli forces were just 42 kilometres (26 mi) from

1178:

Before the June 1967 War, the army divided its personnel into four regional commands (Suez, Sinai, Nile Delta, and Nile Valley up to the Sudan). The remainder of Egypt's territory, over 75%, was the sole responsibility of the

908:

in September 1940. Egypt severed relations with the Axis powers after the Italians invaded, but remained technically neutral up until near the end of the war. Italy sought to control the Suez Canal but halted their advance at

2519: 2209: 1328:

commando battalions and support units, while a third division stationed near Cairo and other commandos were ready to relocate on short notice. A total of over 40,000 troops were deployed to the border during the war.

1118:

and several Special Forces as well as airborne regiments (Aboul-Enein, p21). All the Egyptian field commanders complained of a total lack of topographical maps causing a real problem in the first months of the war.

800:

placed a set distance between each other and every building had an assigned location within the camp. All of these policies were designed to instill discipline and a sense of collective regularity in every soldier.

2133:

Egypt's Military Medical Academy was founded in 1979 with the purpose of educating and training medical officers in all branches of Egypt's armed forces. The facility is located on Ihsan Abdul Quddus Street in

1289:

Egypt, and began slowly advancing southward and westward in over a week of heavy fighting which inflicted heavy casualties on both sides. Between the 18th and 22 of October, the IDF fought in the Port City of

1209:

began, Egypt made several significant army organisational changes. Field Marshal Amer created a new command interposed between the general staff and the Eastern Military District commander, Lieutenant General

783:

were employed to keep the soldiers in check. This backfired when the Bedouins also indulged in the same destructive behavior. Thus, with the new isolation practices, there was more peace in civilian life.

1030:

from the Suez base, agreed to withdrawal of all troops within 20 months (that is, June 1956); maintenance of the base was to be continued; and allowed Britain to hold the right to return for seven years.

762:, but most died under the intense military training and practices of the Pasha. Instead, the Pasha enforced conscription in 1822 and the new military recruits were mostly Egyptian farmers, also known as 1245:

Egyptian soldiers on the east bank. Notice the carts. Pulled by two men, these transports greatly assisted in the movement of weapons and matériel on the east bank, while no vehicles had yet crossed.

1389:, fought as part of the Arab Joint Forces Command North. The deployed force performed appallingly. It was unable to move up the first attack time after a request from overall commander U.S. General 1332:

The army had an estimated strength of 320,000 in 1989. About 180,000 of these were conscripts. Beyond the Second Army and Third Army in the east, most of the remaining troops were stationed in the

498:. It is the largest service branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. It was known as the Royal Egyptian Army until the declaration of the Republic and the abolishment of the monarchy on 18 June 1953. 2512: 2202: 4297:

Macmunn, George Fletcher; Falls, Cyril Bentham . Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine; History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Committee of Imperial Defence.

3902: 1440:(15 troops in 2004). The Egyptian contribution in the Congo expanded significantly after 2004; in 2013, an Egyptian battalion was part of the mission, with at least a company stationed at the 569:

south. Small garrisons could prevent minor incursions, but if a large force was detected a message was sent for the main army corps. Most Egyptian cities lacked city walls and other defenses.

1233:, and a retreat to the mountain passes fifty miles east of the canal was ordered. This developed into a rout as the Israelis harried the retreating troops from the ground and from the air. 3838: 2735:

Egypt's varied army weapons inventory complicates logistical support for the army. National policy since the 1970s has included the creation of a domestic arms industry (including the

2505: 2195: 4259: 1433: 1194:

to passage of Israeli ships. On 26 May Nasser declared, "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel". Israel considered the closure of the

4619: 4164: 1930: 1653: 2130:

between major surgery, respiratory disease, and emergency units. Smaller specialized centers in dental, cardiac, and ophthalmological care account for an additional 205 beds.

2739:) capable of indigenous maintenance and upgrades to existing equipment, with the ultimate aim of Egyptian production of major ground systems. By 1985, Egypt had acquired 659 4199: 1127: 2126: 893:

In 1940 the Egyptian Army included three infantry brigades, a small mobile force built around a light car regiment, and eight artillery groupings of various sizes.

260: 1789:

office is in Cairo. He is the Chief of Staff of the Army, as well as the Navy and Air Forces, although the latter two typically report to the Ministry of Defense.

360: 597:, Muhammad Ali sought to gain full independence for Egypt. To further this aim, he brought in European weapons and expertise, and built an army that defeated the 328: 2701: 2833: 837:

against the Sinai, in hopes to cut off British shipping and take British Egypt. Ultimately, the Ottomans were repulsed and the British advanced into Palestine.

3339: 3281: 2803: 3364:, "The Road to Setback - Memoirs of Egyptian Military Leaders 1967" (ar: "الطريق إلى النكسة - مذكرات قادة العسكرية المصرية "1967), 2000 edition, 455 pages, 1412:

in the Congo. The Egyptians appear to have arrived by September 1960, but left by early 1961 after a dispute about the UN's role. But after 1991, many more

1336:

region, around the upper Nile, and along the Libyan border. These troops were organised into eight military districts, later reduced to five major regions.

505:(1805–1849), widely considered to be the "founder of modern Egypt". Its most significant engagements in the 20th century were in Egypt's five wars with the 4508: 1762: 1498:

The total casualty count made 14 August the deadliest day in Egypt since the Egyptian revolution of 2011 which had toppled former President Hosni Mubarak.

722:

in the 1860s and 1870s, most notably The Axes' Rebellion that occurred from 1864 to 1865 and was started by tens of thousands of Upper Egyptian separatist

3552: 220: 1144: 427: 2694: 2687: 693: 647: 632: 244: 236: 3872: 3785: 2758:

received a $ 150 million contract to build a "new tank plant," to be called Factory 200, outside of Cairo. It initially overhauled U.S. M60 tanks and

3894: 3026: 2793: 961: 3130:"No. 997 Memorandum by Alta F. Fowler of the Office of Near Eastern Affairs to the Officer in Charge of Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Affairs, in 4596: 2736: 1581: 952:

led the advisors, who stayed until 1958. Fahrmbacher and six aides arrived in Egypt in 1950 as the initial party of a group of about 30 officers.

852:

performed invaluable service during the Sinai campaign and would perform even greater service and hardships during the coming Palestine campaign.

2680: 3664:"Letter dated 27 December 2012 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council [re MONUSCO redeployments]" 3936: 2730: 917:, began in December 1940 with the invasion of Libya. After significant gains, they were repulsed by German reinforcements under German General 622: 642: 637: 232: 228: 4736: 4310: 4226: 3401: 3006: 1782: 1476: 1131:

DIA estimate of Egyptian Army dispositions as of 1 January 1967. Comparison with Dupuy 1978 reveals some errors, such as the location of the

348: 3923: 3807: 1023: 264: 678: 252: 3741: 812: 3527: 2875: 2744: 1586: 1408:

Up until the end of the Cold War, Egyptian military participation in UN peacekeeping operations had been restricted to a battalion with

4168: 3663: 564:

The arid plains and deserts surrounding Egypt were inhabited by nomadic tribes who occasionally tried to raid or settle in the fertile

4400: 1786: 755: 578: 1019: 698: 268: 4453: 4288: 4269: 4207: 3593: 2855: 2778: 2095:– the Egyptian special forces; the Reconnaissance Corps; the Signal Corps and Electronic Warfare forces; the Engineering Corps; the 1413: 975: 550: 3294: 4646: 4641: 4248: 2788: 2769:

Today, the Egyptian Army uses a variety of weapon systems and vehicles from United States, Russia, and other national suppliers.

2031: 1874: 1643: 1638: 1172: 1164: 1148: 840:

By 1917, 15,000 Egyptian volunteers were serving in the Egyptian Army, deployed mainly in the Sudan with three battalions in the

1280:

to coincide with the Egyptian offensive and initially made threatening gains into Israeli-held territory. As Egyptian president

4651: 4636: 4501: 2783: 1991: 1807: 1755: 1648: 1633: 1421: 1168: 1160: 1468: 4731: 4694: 4370: 1776: 1464:, Israeli media reported that the 9th, 2nd, and 7th Divisions of the Army had been ordered into Cairo to help restore order. 1362: 1007: 995: 849: 1357: 683: 602: 256: 1386: 1139:

There was a separate command for the Egyptian Army (created) on March 25, 1964, but it was officially abolished after the

887: 537:

from Iraqi occupation in 1991, in which the Egyptian army constituted the second-largest contingent of the allied forces.

399: 332: 212: 3763: 1305:. Egypt claimed victory in the October War because its military objective of capturing a foothold of Sinai was achieved. 3960: 3077: 2808: 1736: 841: 834: 2932:

Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid-Marsot. A History of Egypt From the Islamic Conquest to the Present. New York: Cambridge UP, 2007.

1058:, politics rather than military competence was the main criterion for promotion. The Egyptian commander, Field Marshal 4589: 4563: 3690: 2119: 1617: 1576: 1461: 1230: 922: 4329:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. 3638: 1132: 688: 387: 272: 4463: 1219: 4762: 4757: 4494: 4324: 4073: 2837: 2112: 2108: 1815: 1748: 1528: 1505: 1480: 1003: 2104: 1824: 1731: 944:

army officers to advise the army, replacing the British Military Mission, which had left Egypt in 1947. Generals

901: 627: 336: 224: 138: 4238: 1504:

On March 25, 2020, it was reported that two army generals, Shafea Dawoud and Khaled Shaltout, had died from the

734:("Baker Pasha") was offered the command of the newly formed Egyptian Army, which he accepted. On his arrival at 4666: 1710: 766:. Because of harsh military practices, the 130,000 soldiers conscripted in 1822 revolted in the south in 1824. 4559: 1561: 1218:, who had returned from Yemen in May 1967. Six of the seven divisions in the Sinai (with the exception of the 526: 804:

regulations that came with army life. This process helped to transform the fellah into disciplined soldiers.

4661: 4656: 2798: 2747:

for an additional 94 M60A3 tanks, on top of the 659 already in service. The U.S. also sold Egypt nearly 500

2088: 1341: 1180: 1115: 1027: 930: 383: 3868: 3781: 3710: 871: 4582: 3034: 2100: 2084: 1831: 1215: 860: 530: 484: 460: 4434:

Towards Nasser's Egypt: The Consolidation of the July Revolution and the End of the old Regime, 1952–1955

3924:

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200325-coronavirus-hits-egyptian-army-amid-allegations-of-a-cover-up/

1229:. The forward Egyptian forces were shattered in three places by the attacking Israelis, including at the 1211: 4715: 4517: 4392: 2662: 2139: 2096: 1975: 1536: 1374: 1202:. The Egyptian army then comprised two armoured and five infantry divisions, all deployed in the Sinai. 1086: 880: 845: 751: 589:

set about establishing a bona fide Egyptian military. Prior to his rule, Egypt had been governed by the

586: 522: 502: 495: 300: 128: 4044: 3152: 2544: 886:

strong influence and provided it with equipment, instruction, and technicians. Under the terms of the

3129: 1479:

left 61 protestors killed. On 14 August 2013, the Egyptian Army along with the police carried out the

4480: 3178: 2759: 979: 534: 3022: 4710: 4624: 2151: 1797: 1715: 1705: 1658: 1317: 1250: 1152: 945: 435: 320: 2426: 1293:

in order to encircle Egypt's second army, but failed to capture the city after heroic resistance.

4629: 4553: 3815: 3206:; see also J Reed, 'A History of the British Army in Egypt 1950-56,' at the Imperial War Museum, 2366: 1801: 1663: 1612: 1512: 1486: 1390: 1321: 1254: 1187: 1156: 1015: 983: 897: 708: 432: 292: 280: 2558: 2551: 1424:(UNPROFOR) in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Mozambique, Georgia, Macedonia, Eastern Slavonia, 194: 3737: 3149:

Castles Made of Sand: A Century of Anglo-American Espionage and Intervention in the Middle East

2897: 2567: 2411: 1854: 1241: 4449: 4396: 4389:

Reconstructing a Shattered Egyptian Army: War Minister Gen. Mohamed Fawzi's Memoirs, 1967–1971

4366: 4320: 4306: 4284: 4265: 4222: 4203: 3589: 3397: 3132:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The Near and Middle East, Volume IX, Part 2

3002: 2871: 2851: 2118:

The Republican Guard's armoured forces are closely associated with the army. In addition, the

2048: 1101: 971: 914: 658: 617: 420: 395: 240: 3531: 3391: 1785:, governed by the Ministry of Defense, is headquartered in Cairo. The Egyptian Armed Forces' 1272:. After crossing the cease-fire lines, Egyptian forces advanced virtually unopposed into the 1026:, made during the month of October, with Great Britain. It stipulated a phased evacuation of 4421: 4237: 3207: 3190: 2755: 2748: 1441: 1261: 1195: 1191: 1059: 987: 913:, waiting for engineers to build a road, and further supplies. A British counter-offensive, 654: 344: 312: 4676: 4549: 4539: 4529: 1556: 1551: 1546: 56: 4412: 2381: 1961: 1793: 1273: 1226: 1067: 1034: 1011: 991: 937: 856: 731: 475: 451: 417: 356: 173: 46: 4425: 2092: 1679: 1416:

and troops were dispatched, alongside police in some cases. Military observers served in

1337: 1325: 855:

It has been estimated that a million Egyptians (seemingly labourers) participated in the

3937:"Coronavirus: Egypt's army introduces strict measures to control spread among soldiers" 3360: 2321: 1417: 1281: 1265: 1175:), in contrast to the rest of the forces, bodies, departments, and auxiliary agencies. 598: 590: 514: 352: 316: 106: 4751: 4543: 4442: 2441: 1914: 1607: 1472: 1398: 1370: 1285: 1277: 594: 613:. The Egyptian Army was involved in the following wars during Muhammad Ali's reign: 3114: 2015: 2008: 1999: 1905: 1382: 966: 949: 918: 910: 666: 288: 3995:"مستشفى كوبري القبة العسكري.. مدينة طبية متكاملة وخدمات جديدة للعسكريين والمدنيين" 2668:

troopers, and Republican Guard units each utilize their own camouflaged uniforms.

2290: 2283: 4470: 4102: 1365:

during a demonstration for visiting dignitaries, part of Operation Desert Shield.

1324:

had been raised to full strength and were dug in. They were bolstered by several

4444:

A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War

3639:"Troop and police contributors archive (2000–2010). United Nations Peacekeeping" 3195: 2537: 2530: 2276: 2269: 2262: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2234: 2227: 2220: 1394: 1284:

began to worry about Syria's fortunes, he believed that capturing two strategic

1206: 1199: 1140: 1090: 1055: 1043: 970:

Members of the Free Officers gathered after the revolution. From left to right:

739: 719: 703: 673: 510: 304: 296: 284: 276: 248: 216: 3839:"Scores dead in Egypt after security forces launch assault on protesters' camp" 4243: 1891: 1882: 1445: 1333: 1308: 1269: 1071: 1047: 833:

Because of the strategic importance of the Suez Canal, the Ottomans attempted

775: 662: 565: 308: 1381:

coalition of 1990–91, during which the Egyptian II Corps under Major General

17: 4410:

W.H. Besant (April 1934). "The Early Days of the Egyptian Army, 1883–1892".

4336:

Armies of Sand: The Past, Present, and Future of Arab Military Effectiveness

3994: 2847: 2763: 1947: 1865: 1429: 1377:

exercises. This cooperation eased integration of the Egyptian Army into the

941: 905: 771: 3502: 1508:, and at least 550 officers and soldiers had been infected with the virus. 1501:

Several world leaders denounced the violence during the sit-in dispersals.

1225:

After the war began on 5 June 1967, Israel attacked Egypt and occupied the

181: 4354:

Changing Orders: The Evolution of the World's Armies, 1945 to the Present

4283:(Second ed.). City Road, London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited. 2740: 2396: 1982: 1954: 1921: 1689: 1684: 1378: 1298: 1042:

The last British combat unit left by 24 March 1956. Soon afterwards, the

723: 340: 72: 4486: 4261:

All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt

4081: 2456: 2351: 1898: 1845: 1290: 780: 582: 324: 1143:, so that the command of the land formations returned directly to the 4464:

U.S. Security Assistance to Egypt: Examining the Return on Investment

4020: 2843: 2306: 2022: 1858: 1268:

of 1973 began with a massive and successful Egyptian crossing of the

763: 759: 606: 518: 506: 3738:"Coup topples Egypt's Morsy; deposed president under 'house arrest'" 3314:"The Egyptian–Yemen War: Egyptian Perspectives on Guerrilla Warfare" 1006:, dissatisfied Egyptian officers created a secret organisation, the 890:, British troops remained in the country to defend the Suez Canal." 2099:, whose field units' status in the early 2020s is unconfirmed; the 1475:

following mass protests demanding his resignation. On 8 July 2013,

1369:

Since the 1980s the army has built closer and closer ties with the

4481:

https://mepc.org/egyptian-military-part-one-ottomans-through-sadat

3179:

https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/UNTS/Volume%20210/0210.pdf

2336: 2135: 2069: 2062: 2039: 1838: 1437: 1425: 1356: 1307: 1302: 1240: 1126: 1106: 1100: 1033: 965: 870: 811: 735: 715: 610: 142: 86: 2111:; the Chemical Warfare Corps; and tactical missile (longer range 4574: 3607: 3605: 2055: 1968: 1938: 1409: 96: 4578: 4490: 3078:"Egyptian army: Egypt sacrified half a million soldiers in WWI" 521:. The Egyptian army was also engaged heavily in the protracted 1078: 509:(in 1948, 1956, 1967, 1967–1970, and 1973), one of which, the 1477:

clashes between the Republican Guard and pro-Morsi supporters

816:

King Farouk I of Egypt inspecting army units in Abdeen Square

4196:

Peacekeeping In Africa : Capabilities And Culpabilities

4052: 593:, and while he still technically owed fealty to the Ottoman 2675: 2087:; the Infantry/mechanised forces; the Artillery Corps; the 1401:

to give a direct order to the Egyptian commander to do so.

3691:"'It is hell': Chronicles of military conscripts in Egypt" 921:, who reinvaded Egypt and again were pushed out after the 4473:, accessed February 2009; article was first published in 3837:

Hauslohner, Abigail; Sharaf al-Hourani (14 August 2013).

3208:

https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1030043446

2967: 2965: 2963: 718:

during the 1850s, 60s and 70s, and rebellions (mainly in

1320:. By early July 1977, the two divisions deployed to the 1214:. This new Sinai Front Command was placed under General 1264:

against Israeli positions especially in the Sinai. The

4347:. Council on Foreign Relations/University of Nebraska. 4219:

Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World

3764:"Egypt: Rab'a Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity" 3486: 3484: 2083:

Administratively, army corps and branches include the

1434:

United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic

513:

of 1956, also saw it do combat with the armies of the

4471:

Military Ally or Liability, The Egyptian Army 1936-42

1467:

On 3 July 2013, the Egyptian Armed Forces launched a

3961:"Egypt: Massive Sinai Demolitions Likely War Crimes" 3553:"Egypt's army prepares for major Badr 2014 exercise" 2743:

with a new letter of offer also being issued by the

1312:

Egyptian forces crossing the Suez Canal on October 7

501:

The modern army was established during the reign of

489: 465: 4724: 4703: 4687: 4612: 4448:. Praeger Security International General Interest. 2115:forces), which may be part of the Artillery Corps. 426: 413: 408: 369: 200: 190: 164: 156: 148: 134: 124: 112: 102: 92: 82: 66: 32: 4441: 2985:From Peasants to Soldiers: Discipline and Training 2955:From Peasants to Soldiers: Discipline and Training 1082:seven infantry brigades and four armoured groups. 1038:Egyptian soldiers during a military parade in 1955 896:Upon Italian entry into World War II, the Italian 4200:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research 3808:"NSF spokesman quits over Rabaa, Nahda massacres" 1018:, the Free Officers overthrew King Farouk in the 1257:, both stationed on the Suez, were established. 1147:, and the ground formations were divided to the 170:We painted the face of our nation on our hearts. 3054: 3052: 2999:The Macmillan Dictionary of The First World War 1249:After the 1967 disaster, two field armies, the 261:Egyptian invasion of the Eastern Horn of Africa 4620:Unified Command of the Area East of the Canal 4345:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948–1991 3782:"Egypt's Brotherhood to hold 'march of anger'" 1276:. The Syrians coordinated their attack on the 1260:The armed forces also fought in the 1969–1970 329:Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport 4590: 4502: 2834:International Institute for Strategic Studies 2513: 2203: 1964:, El Daqahliya, Eastern Delta Military Region 1932:Unified Command of the Area East of the Canal 1756: 1002:After the defeat of the Egyptian army in the 8: 3895:"Most world states condemn Egypt's violence" 2997:Wheal, Elizabeth-Anne; Pope, Steven (1997). 2804:List of countries by number of active troops 2646: 2640: 2633: 2627: 2620: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2594: 2588: 2581: 2575: 2454: 2448: 2439: 2433: 2424: 2418: 2409: 2403: 2394: 2388: 2379: 2373: 2364: 2358: 2349: 2343: 2334: 2328: 2319: 2313: 2304: 2298: 2103:, which may be the same organisation as the 549:For military arrangements in antiquity, see 529:in July 1977. Its last major engagement was 38: 4436:(Volumes I and II), PhD dissertation, 1987. 3586:Modern African Wars (4) The Congo 1960–2002 3282:The Outlook for Egypt and the Nasser Regime 414:Minister of Defense And Military Production 4597: 4583: 4575: 4509: 4495: 4487: 3623: 3611: 3571: 3396:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. 3340:"القوات المسلحة-الهيئة العامة للإستعلامات" 2520: 2506: 2210: 2196: 2122:is also affiliated with the armed forces. 1763: 1749: 1523: 1151:, under whose command the two armies (the 361:Egyptian intervention in Libya (2015–2020) 55: 3588:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 12. 1796:and based just west of the Canal are the 1436:(MINURCA) (328 troops in June 1999), and 4194:Berman, Eric G.; Sams, Katie E. (2000). 3869:"Global condemnation of Egypt crackdown" 3503:http://www.tim-thompson.com/gwobjfg.html 2794:Egyptian intervention in the Crimean War 962:Armed Forces of the United Arab Republic 581:in Egypt, and declaration of himself as 3514: 3463: 3451: 3428: 3416: 3255: 3027:"1883 till 1914 Army of Egypt Infantry" 2920: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2737:Arab Organization for Industrialization 2503: 2193: 2127:Armed Forces Medical Service Department 1723: 1697: 1671: 1625: 1594: 1568: 1535: 1022:. The Free Officers then concluded the 379: 210: 27:Land warfare branch of Egypt's military 3981: 3377: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3165: 2874:. Human Rights Watch. 17 August 2013. 2731:List of equipment of the Egyptian Army 623:Egyptian conquest of Sudan (1820-1824) 29: 3355: 3353: 2971: 2563: 1971:, Southern Suez Canal Military Region 1950:, Northern Suez Canal Military Region 1301:and 101 kilometres (63 mi) from 956:After the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 494:), is the land warfare branch of the 349:Republican Guard headquarters clashes 7: 4475:Army Quarterly & Defence Journal 4426:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100747 4387:Youssef H. Aboul-Enein, ed. (2014). 4338:. New York: Oxford University Press. 4151: 4139: 4127: 3490: 3475: 3295:"How Yemen was once Egypt's Vietnam" 3101: 2941: 1957:, Central Suez Canal Military Region 1220:20th Infantry 'Palestinian' Division 1070:(30,000 in two divisions) or in the 253:Second French Intervention in Mexico 135:Armed Forces Chief of Staff's Office 3963:. Human Rights Watch. 17 March 2021 3905:from the original on 23 August 2013 3875:from the original on 25 August 2013 3849:from the original on 15 August 2013 3788:from the original on 16 August 2013 3312:Aboul-Enein, Youssef (2004-01-01). 2745:United States Department of Defense 2641: 2628: 2615: 2602: 2589: 2576: 2449: 2434: 2419: 2404: 2389: 2374: 2359: 2344: 2329: 2314: 2299: 1587:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces 1420:(MINURSO), Angola (UNAVEM II), the 1385:, with 3rd Mechanized Division and 863:, of whom half a million perished. 479: 455: 177: 39: 4165:"Procurement (Egypt), Procurement" 3711:"צפו: סיור וירטואלי במוקדי המהפכה" 1471:against the elected government of 1397:until Schwarzkopf was able to get 1145:Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces 714:as well as several expeditions in 638:Ethiopian–Egyptian border conflict 229:Ethiopian–Egyptian border conflict 25: 4483:– some exact numbers in mid-1930s 4462:William D. Hartung, Seth Binder, 3744:from the original on 4 March 2016 3189:The last unit was 2nd Battalion, 2878:from the original on 19 July 2015 2779:Egyptian National Military Museum 2079:Administrative corps and branches 1414:United Nations Military Observers 653:and during the reign of khedives 643:Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–1835) 551:Military history of ancient Egypt 491:El-Quwwāt El-Barriyya El-Maṣriyya 233:Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–1835) 183:rasamna ala al qalb wagh al watan 4675: 4558: 4548: 4538: 4528: 4253:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 4249:Dictionary of National Biography 3814:. 14 August 2013. Archived from 3662:BAN, Ki-Moon (22 January 2013). 3390:Samir A. Mutawi (18 July 2002). 3151:. New York: Thomas Martin Books/ 3128:Alta F. Fowler (July 28, 1952). 2789:Military of the Mamluk Sultanate 2700: 2693: 2686: 2679: 2566: 2557: 2550: 2543: 2536: 2529: 2490: 2289: 2282: 2275: 2268: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2240: 2233: 2226: 2219: 2180: 1724:History of the Egyptian military 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1483:, killing more than 987 people. 1373:, as evidenced in the bi-annual 1089:from 1962 to 1967, and the 1967 1024:Anglo–Egyptian Agreement of 1954 694:Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878) 648:Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841) 633:Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833) 3344:Egypt State Information Service 3001:. Macmillan. pp. 147–148. 2784:Military of the Tulunid Emirate 1582:Ministry of Military Production 1460:On 31 January 2011, during the 1422:United Nations Protection Force 1363:M113 armored personnel carriers 1316:In 1977 the army fought in the 603:wresting control from the Porte 265:Serbian-Ottoman War (1876–1878) 4732:Equipment of the Egyptian Army 4695:Structure of the Egyptian Army 4305:(Second ed.). MacMillan. 3871:. Al Jazeera. 15 August 2013. 3784:. Al Jazeera. 16 August 2013. 3269:Soldiers, Spies, and Statesmen 2766:production commenced in 1992. 1777:Structure of the Egyptian Army 1698:Ranks of the Egyptian Military 1085:Later, the army fought in the 1046:arose, known in Egypt and the 850:Egyptian Camel Transport Corps 573:Under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty 1: 4279:Foss, Christopher F. (1986). 4109:. Ministry of Defense (Egypt) 4019:العسكرية, الأكاديمية الطبية. 3280:Central Intelligence Agency, 1783:Military Operations Authority 940:was recruiting former German 888:Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 746:Making of a professional army 699:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 333:1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 269:Russo-Ottoman War (1877–1878) 213:Alexandria expedition of 1807 4477:, Vol 128, No 2, April 1998. 4103:"Ranks of Military Officers" 3736:Wedeman, Ben (4 July 2013). 2809:Egyptian Peacekeeping Forces 2754:In the second half of 1984, 1737:List of wars involving Egypt 1237:Presidents Sadat and Mubarak 1159:) and the military regions ( 1020:Egyptian coup d'état of 1952 842:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 835:multiple raids and campaigns 4704:Uniform, Ranks and Insignia 4564:Egyptian Air Defense Forces 4045:"كلية الطب بالقوات المسلحة" 2751:anti-tank guided missiles. 2647: 2634: 2621: 2608: 2595: 2582: 2455: 2440: 2425: 2410: 2395: 2380: 2365: 2350: 2335: 2320: 2305: 2120:Border Guard/Frontier Corps 1894:, Northern Military Region 1680:Egyptian Thunderbolt Forces 1618:Egyptian Air Defense Forces 1462:Egyptian revolution of 2011 1231:Battle of Abu-Ageila (1967) 923:Second Battle of El-Alamein 490: 466: 245:Second Egyptian-Ottoman War 182: 4779: 4440:MacGregor, Andrew (2006). 4356:. New York: Facts on File. 4352:Tsouras, Peter G. (1994). 3147:Andre Gerolymatos (2010). 2728: 2660: 2613: 2549: 2476: 2166: 2149: 2113:surface-to-surface missile 2072:, Southern Military Region 2065:, Southern Military Region 2058:, Southern Military Region 2051:, Southern Military Region 1924:, Northern Military Region 1917:, Northern Military Region 1908:, Northern Military Region 1901:, Northern Military Region 1834:, Central Military Region 1774: 1506:COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt 959: 878: 548: 237:First Egyptian-Ottoman War 4673: 4524: 4343:Pollack, Kenneth (2002). 4334:Pollack, Kenneth (2019). 3635:Berman and Sams 2000 and 3441:Makers of Modern Strategy 2839:The Military Balance 2023 2639: 2626: 2600: 2587: 2574: 2565: 2556: 2542: 2535: 2528: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2447: 2432: 2417: 2402: 2387: 2372: 2357: 2342: 2327: 2312: 2297: 2288: 2281: 2274: 2267: 2260: 2253: 2246: 2239: 2232: 2225: 2218: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2025:, Western Military Region 2018:, Western Military Region 2011:, Western Military Region 1985:, Red Sea Military Region 1868:, Central Military Region 1861:, Central Military Region 1848:, Central Military Region 1841:, Central Military Region 1827:, Central Military Region 1816:Heliopolis, Greater Cairo 1732:Military of ancient Egypt 1626:Armies and Military Areas 1135:, which was in the Sinai. 902:Italian invasion of Egypt 684:Cretan Revolt (1866–1869) 679:Second Franco-Mexican War 628:Greek War of Independence 337:1999 East Timorese crisis 225:Greek War of Independence 178:رسمنا على القلب وجه الوطن 118:375,000 reserve personnel 61:Flag of the Egyptian Army 54: 37: 4647:Southern Military Region 4642:Northern Military Region 4281:Jane's Main Battle Tanks 4239:"Baker, Valentine" 3528:"Egypt - The New Enemy?" 3505:, accessed February 2009 3320:. No. Jan–Feb, 2004 2167:General / flag officers 2033:Southern Military Region 1876:Northern Military Region 1654:East Military Canal Zone 1644:Southern Military Region 1639:Northern Military Region 1205:In the weeks before the 1149:forces east of the canal 875:Royal Egyptian Army flag 720:Upper Egyptian Provinces 116:310,000 active personnel 4657:Egyptian Armoured Corps 4652:Central Military Region 4637:Western Military Region 4221:. London: I.B. Tauris. 3671:Security Council Report 3284:, November 12, 1957, 7. 2872:"All According to Plan" 2799:Central Security Forces 2089:Egyptian Airborne Corps 1993:Western Military Region 1809:Central Military Region 1649:Central Military Region 1634:Western Military Region 1361:Egyptian soldiers with 1133:6th Mechanised Division 1116:Egyptian Armoured Corps 388:Kuwait Liberation Medal 384:Order of the Sinai Star 381:Sinai Liberation Medal 120:685,000 total personnel 4361:Varble, Derek (2003). 4326:Egypt: A Country Study 4258:Fahmy, Khaled (1997). 4236:Carr, William (1901). 4217:Butler, L. J. (2002). 4180:, accessed August 2009 3624:Berman & Sams 2000 3612:Berman & Sams 2000 3584:Abbott, Peter (2014). 3572:Berman & Sams 2000 3393:Jordan in the 1967 War 2085:Egyptian Armored Corps 1496: 1366: 1313: 1246: 1181:Frontier Corps (Egypt) 1136: 1110: 1077:By November 1957, the 1052:Tripartite Aggression. 1039: 999: 931:Frontier Corps (Egypt) 876: 861:Hussein Kamel of Egypt 817: 689:Egyptian–Ethiopian War 531:Operation Desert Storm 472:Egyptian Ground Forces 273:Egyptian–Ethiopian War 4716:Egyptian Army Uniform 4518:Egyptian Armed Forces 4393:Naval Institute Press 4301:Keegan, John (1983). 3193:, leaving Port Said. 2663:Egyptian Army Uniform 2157:Commissioned officers 2109:Military Police Corps 1792:Oriented towards the 1538:Egyptian Armed Forces 1491: 1387:4th Armoured Division 1375:Operation Bright Star 1360: 1311: 1244: 1130: 1104: 1097:North Yemen Civil War 1087:North Yemen Civil War 1037: 1004:1948 Arab–Israeli War 969: 881:Egypt in World War II 874: 846:Egyptian Labour Corps 815: 523:North Yemen Civil War 496:Egyptian Armed Forces 480:القوات البرية المصرية 400:Order of the Republic 301:North Yemen Civil War 129:Egyptian Armed Forces 4363:The Suez Crisis 1956 3155:. pp. 135, 142. 3082:Egyptian Independent 2836:(15 February 2023). 2760:M88 Recovery Vehicle 1456:Twenty-first century 1216:Abdel Mohsin Murtagi 980:Kamel el-Din Hussein 976:Abdel Latif Boghdadi 859:during the reign of 535:liberation of Kuwait 152:Victory or Martyrdom 4711:Egyptian Army ranks 3843:The Washington Post 3614:, pp. 405–409. 3177:See treaty text at 2152:Egyptian Army ranks 2105:Quartermaster Corps 1577:Ministry of Defense 1318:Libyan-Egyptian War 1212:Salah ad-Din Muhsin 1141:Six-Day War of 1967 946:Wilhelm Fahrmbacher 527:Egyptian–Libyan War 436:Ahmed Fathy Khalifa 393:Independence Medal 321:Egyptian-Libyan War 257:Great Cretan Revolt 4554:Egyptian Air Force 4365:. London: Osprey. 4321:Metz, Helen Chapin 3901:. 15 August 2013. 3768:Human Rights Watch 3454:, p. 138-140. 3234:, pp. 19, 20. 3153:St. Martin's Press 3037:on 29 October 2018 2146:Ranks and insignia 2140:Muhammad Ali Pasha 1976:Cairo-Suez Highway 1711:Air Force officers 1613:Egyptian Air Force 1513:Human Rights Watch 1487:Human Rights Watch 1391:Norman Schwarzkopf 1367: 1322:Egypt-Libya border 1314: 1247: 1137: 1111: 1040: 1016:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1000: 984:Gamal Abdel Nasser 877: 818: 752:Muhammad Ali Pasha 709:Anglo-Egyptian War 587:Muhammad Ali Pasha 503:Muhammad Ali Pasha 470:), officially the 433:Lieutenant General 293:1948 Palestine War 281:Anglo-Egyptian War 4763:Military of Egypt 4758:Armies by country 4745: 4744: 4572: 4571: 4312:978-0-333-34079-0 4228:978-1-86064-449-8 3926:, March 25, 2020. 3818:on 2 October 2013 3770:. 12 August 2014. 3717:. 30 January 2011 3403:978-0-521-52858-0 3318:Infantry Magazine 3196:"Suez Canal Zone" 3008:978-0-333-68909-7 2974:, p. 119–47. 2722: 2721: 2718:Republican Guard 2654: 2653: 2464: 2463: 1773: 1772: 1659:Second Field Army 1105:Egyptian army in 972:Zakaria Mohieddin 915:Operation Compass 618:Ottoman-Saudi War 488: 467:El Geish el Masry 464: 441: 440: 421:Abdel Mageed Saqr 396:Order of the Nile 241:1838 Druze revolt 221:Conquest of Sudan 160:Red, White, Black 16:(Redirected from 4770: 4737:Chemical weapons 4679: 4667:Republican Guard 4599: 4592: 4585: 4576: 4562: 4552: 4542: 4532: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4488: 4469:Steve Rothwell, 4459: 4447: 4429: 4406: 4376: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4316: 4294: 4275: 4254: 4251:(1st supplement) 4241: 4232: 4213: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4167:. Archived from 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4130:, p. 328-9. 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4089: 4080:. Archived from 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4051:. Archived from 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4006: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3668: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3637:United Nations. 3633: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3600: 3599: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3530:. Archived from 3524: 3518: 3517:, p. 65-67. 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3291: 3285: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3191:Grenadier Guards 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3136:. Washington DC. 3125: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3033:. Archived from 3031:Ottoman Uniforms 3019: 3013: 3012: 2994: 2988: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2830: 2756:General Dynamics 2749:AGM-114 Hellfire 2704: 2697: 2690: 2683: 2676: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2570: 2561: 2554: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2522: 2515: 2508: 2496: 2494: 2493: 2471: 2470: 2460: 2452: 2451: 2445: 2437: 2436: 2430: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2407: 2406: 2400: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2377: 2376: 2370: 2362: 2361: 2355: 2347: 2346: 2340: 2332: 2331: 2325: 2317: 2316: 2310: 2302: 2301: 2293: 2286: 2279: 2272: 2265: 2258: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2230: 2223: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2173:Junior officers 2170:Senior officers 2161: 2160: 1787:Chief of Staff's 1765: 1758: 1751: 1664:Third Field Army 1595:Service branches 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1539: 1524: 1432:in Somalia, the 1262:War of Attrition 1196:Straits of Tiran 1192:Straits of Tiran 1060:Abdel Hakim Amer 1054:Just before the 998:and Ahmed Shawki 988:Abdel Hakim Amer 585:of the country, 579:seizure of power 525:, and the brief 493: 483: 481: 469: 459: 457: 345:Sinai Insurgency 313:War of Attrition 185: 179: 59: 50: 42: 41: 30: 21: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4720: 4699: 4683: 4671: 4662:Artillery Corps 4608: 4603: 4573: 4568: 4520: 4515: 4456: 4439: 4413:African Affairs 4409: 4403: 4386: 4383: 4381:Further reading 4373: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4319: 4313: 4300: 4291: 4278: 4272: 4257: 4235: 4229: 4216: 4210: 4193: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4085: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4058: 4056: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4027: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4004: 4002: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3945: 3943: 3941:Middle East Eye 3935: 3934: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3675: 3673: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3645: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3358: 3351: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3299:Washington Post 3293: 3292: 3288: 3279: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3023:Flaherty, Chris 3021: 3020: 3016: 3009: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2906: 2904: 2898:"Ancient Egypt" 2896: 2895: 2891: 2881: 2879: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2850:. p. 320. 2832: 2831: 2822: 2817: 2775: 2733: 2727: 2715:Shock troopers 2674: 2672:Camouflage Suit 2665: 2659: 2645: 2632: 2619: 2606: 2593: 2580: 2526: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2453: 2438: 2423: 2408: 2393: 2378: 2363: 2348: 2333: 2318: 2303: 2216: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2154: 2148: 2081: 1978:Military Region 1794:Sinai Peninsula 1779: 1769: 1537: 1522: 1511:In March 2021, 1458: 1355: 1353:1990s and after 1286:mountain passes 1274:Sinai Peninsula 1239: 1227:Sinai Peninsula 1125: 1099: 1012:Muhammad Naguib 992:Muhammad Naguib 964: 958: 883: 869: 857:First World War 827: 810: 756:Sudanese slaves 748: 732:Valentine Baker 575: 554: 547: 507:State of Israel 444: 418:Colonel general 404: 398: 394: 392: 391:1956 War Medal 390: 386: 382: 378: 377: 365: 359: 357:Raid on Kerdasa 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 209: 208: 195:Saladin's Eagle 119: 117: 77: 62: 44: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4776: 4774: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4750: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4594: 4587: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4556: 4546: 4536: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4478: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4437: 4430: 4407: 4402:978-1612514604 4401: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4371: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4323:, ed. (1990). 4317: 4311: 4298: 4295: 4289: 4276: 4270: 4255: 4233: 4227: 4214: 4208: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4156: 4154:, p. 166. 4144: 4142:, p. 165. 4132: 4120: 4094: 4078:www.afcm.ac.eg 4074:"نبذة تاريخية" 4065: 4049:www.afcm.ac.eg 4036: 4025:www.mma.edu.eg 4021:"نبذة تاريخية" 4011: 3986: 3974: 3952: 3928: 3916: 3886: 3860: 3829: 3812:World Bulletin 3799: 3773: 3755: 3728: 3702: 3682: 3654: 3628: 3626:, p. 237. 3616: 3601: 3594: 3576: 3574:, p. 239. 3564: 3544: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3493:, p. 311. 3480: 3478:, p. 306. 3468: 3466:, p. 133. 3456: 3444: 3433: 3421: 3419:, p. 191. 3409: 3402: 3382: 3380:, p. 165. 3370: 3361:Muhammed Gwady 3349: 3346:. 10 May 2022. 3331: 3304: 3286: 3273: 3260: 3258:, p. 127. 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3182: 3170: 3168:, p. 112. 3158: 3139: 3120: 3106: 3104:, p. 295. 3094: 3069: 3060: 3048: 3014: 3007: 2989: 2976: 2959: 2946: 2934: 2925: 2913: 2889: 2863: 2856: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2771: 2729:Main article: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2698: 2691: 2684: 2673: 2670: 2661:Main article: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2638: 2625: 2612: 2599: 2586: 2572: 2571: 2564: 2562: 2555: 2548: 2541: 2534: 2527: 2525: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2502: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2446: 2431: 2416: 2401: 2386: 2371: 2356: 2341: 2326: 2311: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2280: 2273: 2266: 2259: 2252: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2224: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2192: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2150:Main article: 2147: 2144: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2066: 2059: 2052: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2019: 2012: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1979: 1972: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1918: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1904:Sub-Field HQ, 1902: 1897:Sub-Field HQ, 1872: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1862: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1844:Sub-Field HQ, 1842: 1837:Sub-Field HQ, 1828: 1775:Main article: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1674: 1673: 1672:Special Forces 1669: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1571: 1570: 1569:Administration 1566: 1565: 1542: 1541: 1533: 1532: 1521: 1518: 1481:Rabaa massacre 1457: 1454: 1418:Western Sahara 1354: 1351: 1342:airborne units 1238: 1235: 1124: 1121: 1098: 1095: 1028:British troops 996:Youssef Seddik 960:Main article: 957: 954: 879:Main article: 868: 865: 826: 823: 809: 808:The World Wars 806: 747: 744: 742:in the Sudan. 712: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 651: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 599:Ottoman Sultan 591:Ottoman Empire 577:Following his 574: 571: 546: 543: 515:United Kingdom 442: 439: 438: 430: 428:Chief of Staff 424: 423: 415: 411: 410: 406: 405: 403: 402: 375: 374: 373: 371: 367: 366: 364: 363: 353:Rabaa massacre 317:Yom Kippur War 206: 205: 204: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 187: 166: 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 114: 110: 109: 107:Ground warfare 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 84: 80: 79: 68: 64: 63: 60: 52: 51: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4775: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4681:Egyptian Army 4678: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4606:Egyptian Army 4600: 4595: 4593: 4588: 4586: 4581: 4580: 4577: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4545: 4544:Egyptian Navy 4541: 4537: 4535: 4534:Egyptian Army 4531: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4500: 4498: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4455:0-275-98601-2 4451: 4446: 4445: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4391:. Annapolis: 4390: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4290:0-7106-0372-X 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4271:9780521560078 4267: 4264:. Cambridge. 4263: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4209:92-9045-133-5 4205: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4171:on 2011-02-02 4170: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4121: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4084:on 2017-05-02 4083: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4055:on 2018-09-17 4054: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4012: 4000: 3999:بوابة الأهرام 3996: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3975: 3962: 3956: 3953: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3917: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3833: 3830: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3800: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3672: 3665: 3658: 3655: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3595:9781782000761 3591: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3534:on 2011-09-26 3533: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3437: 3434: 3431:, p. 60. 3430: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3410: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3366:Dar al-Khayal 3363: 3362: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3319: 3315: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3246:, p. 20. 3245: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3225: 3222:, p. 19. 3221: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3197: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3095: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3010: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2923:, p. 14. 2922: 2917: 2914: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2890: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2857:9781032508955 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2724: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2656: 2649: 2636: 2623: 2610: 2597: 2584: 2583:Mosa'id awwal 2573: 2569: 2560: 2553: 2546: 2539: 2532: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2498:Egyptian Army 2486: 2473: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2444: 2443: 2442:Mulazim awwal 2429: 2428: 2414: 2413: 2399: 2398: 2384: 2383: 2369: 2368: 2354: 2353: 2339: 2338: 2324: 2323: 2309: 2308: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2278: 2271: 2264: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2236: 2229: 2222: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2188:Egyptian Army 2176: 2163: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2097:Medical Corps 2094: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2016:Marsa Matrouh 2013: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1781:The Egyptian 1778: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1716:Navy officers 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1706:Army officers 1704: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1608:Egyptian Navy 1606: 1604: 1603:Egyptian Army 1601: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1473:Mohamed Morsi 1470: 1465: 1463: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1399:Hosni Mubarak 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1371:United States 1364: 1359: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278:Golan Heights 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1186:In May 1967, 1184: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1134: 1129: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1108: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008:Free Officers 1005: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 963: 955: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 907: 903: 900:launched the 899: 894: 891: 889: 882: 873: 866: 864: 862: 858: 853: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 831: 824: 822: 814: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 782: 777: 773: 767: 765: 761: 757: 753: 745: 743: 741: 737: 733: 728: 725: 721: 717: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 670: 668: 664: 663:Isma'il Pasha 660: 656: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 615: 614: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 572: 570: 567: 562: 560: 552: 544: 542: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 499: 497: 492: 486: 477: 473: 468: 462: 453: 449: 448:Egyptian Army 443:Military unit 437: 434: 431: 429: 425: 422: 419: 416: 412: 407: 401: 397: 389: 385: 380: 372: 368: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 211: 203: 199: 196: 193: 189: 184: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 144: 140: 137: 133: 130: 127: 123: 115: 111: 108: 105: 101: 98: 95: 91: 88: 85: 81: 75: 74: 69: 65: 58: 53: 48: 36: 33:Egyptian Army 31: 19: 18:Egyptian army 4680: 4605: 4533: 4474: 4443: 4433: 4417: 4411: 4388: 4362: 4353: 4344: 4335: 4325: 4303:World Armies 4302: 4280: 4260: 4247: 4218: 4195: 4173:. Retrieved 4169:the original 4159: 4147: 4135: 4123: 4111:. Retrieved 4106: 4097: 4086:. Retrieved 4082:the original 4077: 4068: 4057:. Retrieved 4053:the original 4048: 4039: 4028:. Retrieved 4024: 4014: 4003:. Retrieved 3998: 3989: 3977: 3965:. Retrieved 3955: 3944:. Retrieved 3940: 3931: 3919: 3907:. Retrieved 3898: 3889: 3877:. Retrieved 3863: 3851:. Retrieved 3842: 3832: 3820:. Retrieved 3816:the original 3811: 3802: 3790:. Retrieved 3776: 3767: 3758: 3746:. Retrieved 3731: 3719:. Retrieved 3714: 3705: 3694:. Retrieved 3685: 3674:. Retrieved 3670: 3657: 3646:. Retrieved 3642: 3631: 3619: 3585: 3579: 3567: 3556:. Retrieved 3547: 3536:. Retrieved 3532:the original 3522: 3515:Pollack 2019 3510: 3498: 3471: 3464:Pollack 2002 3459: 3452:Pollack 2019 3447: 3440: 3436: 3429:Pollack 2002 3424: 3417:Tsouras 1994 3412: 3392: 3385: 3373: 3365: 3359: 3343: 3334: 3322:. Retrieved 3317: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3276: 3268: 3263: 3256:Tsouras 1994 3251: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3199:. Retrieved 3185: 3173: 3161: 3148: 3142: 3131: 3123: 3109: 3097: 3085:. Retrieved 3081: 3072: 3067:Falls p. 367 3063: 3058:Falls p. 365 3039:. Retrieved 3035:the original 3030: 3017: 2998: 2992: 2984: 2979: 2954: 2949: 2937: 2928: 2921:Pollack 2002 2916: 2905:. Retrieved 2901: 2892: 2880:. Retrieved 2866: 2838: 2768: 2753: 2734: 2666: 2497: 2488: 2480:Junior NCOs 2477:Senior NCOs 2187: 2178: 2132: 2124: 2117: 2101:Supply Corps 2093:Sa'ka Forces 2082: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2009:Sidi Barrani 2000:Mersa Matruh 1997: 1992: 1990: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1791: 1780: 1602: 1510: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1492: 1485: 1466: 1459: 1450: 1444:airfield in 1407: 1403: 1383:Salah Halabi 1368: 1347: 1331: 1326:Sa'ka Forces 1315: 1295: 1259: 1248: 1224: 1204: 1185: 1177: 1138: 1112: 1084: 1076: 1064: 1051: 1041: 1001: 950:Oskar Munzel 935: 927: 919:Erwin Rommel 911:Sidi Barrani 895: 892: 884: 867:World War II 854: 839: 832: 828: 819: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 768: 749: 729: 713: 667:Tewfik Pasha 652: 576: 563: 558: 555: 539: 500: 471: 456:الجيش المصري 447: 445: 289:World War II 169: 125:Part of 78:1820–present 71: 40:الجيش المصري 4625:Second Army 4432:JS Gordon, 4244:Lee, Sidney 4001:(in Arabic) 3982:Keegan 1983 3909:7 September 3879:7 September 3378:Keegan 1983 3244:Varble 2003 3232:Varble 2003 3220:Varble 2003 3166:Butler 2002 3115:"Egypt1940" 2609:Raqib awwal 2474:Rank group 2322:Fariq 'awal 2164:Rank group 1962:El Mansoura 1798:Second Army 1469:coup d'état 1395:Kuwait City 1282:Anwar Sadat 1266:October War 1251:Second Army 1207:Six-Day War 1200:casus belli 1190:closed the 1091:Six-Day War 1056:Suez Crisis 1044:Suez Crisis 938:King Farouk 825:World War I 740:Mahdist War 704:Mahdist War 674:Crimean War 659:Sa'id Pasha 511:Suez Crisis 370:Decorations 305:Six-Day War 297:Suez Crisis 285:World War I 277:Mahdist War 249:Crimean War 217:Wahhabi War 201:Engagements 70:1803–1819 ( 4752:Categories 4630:Third Army 4613:Formations 4372:1841764183 4198:. Geneva: 4188:References 4175:2009-08-29 4107:mod.gov.eg 4088:2017-05-11 4059:2017-05-11 4030:2017-05-11 4005:2017-05-11 3946:2020-04-19 3696:2021-04-15 3676:2017-05-26 3648:2017-05-26 3643:www.un.org 3558:2021-04-15 3538:2016-01-16 3201:2021-03-26 3087:28 October 3041:29 October 2972:Fahmy 1997 2907:2020-06-02 2315:فريق أول‎‎ 2068:Field HQ, 2061:Field HQ, 2054:Field HQ, 2047:Field HQ, 2021:Field HQ, 2014:Field HQ, 2007:Field HQ, 1981:Field HQ, 1974:Field HQ, 1967:Field HQ, 1960:Field HQ, 1953:Field HQ, 1946:Field HQ, 1920:Field HQ, 1913:Field HQ, 1892:Alexandria 1890:Field HQ, 1883:Alexandria 1864:Field HQ, 1853:Field HQ, 1832:El Qanater 1830:Field HQ, 1825:Heliopolis 1823:Field HQ, 1802:Third Army 1446:South Kivu 1334:Nile Delta 1270:Suez Canal 1255:Third Army 1072:Canal Zone 1048:Arab World 986:(seated), 898:Tenth Army 566:Nile River 409:Commanders 309:Biafra War 139:Heliopolis 4725:Equipment 4688:Structure 4420:(CXXXI). 4152:Foss 1986 4140:Foss 1986 4128:Metz 1990 3853:14 August 3822:18 August 3792:18 August 3721:27 August 3491:Metz 1990 3476:Metz 1990 3102:Metz 1990 2942:Carr 1901 2882:15 August 2848:Routledge 2764:M1 Abrams 2741:M60 tanks 2725:Equipment 2712:Airborne 2577:مساعد أول 2483:Enlisted 2435:ملازم أول 1948:Port Said 1866:Beni Suef 1855:Qom Ushim 1520:Structure 1430:UNOSOM II 1010:. Led by 942:Wehrmacht 936:By 1950, 906:Cyrenaica 776:roll-call 772:deserting 485:romanized 461:romanized 191:Mascot(s) 3967:17 March 3903:Archived 3899:Al-Ahram 3873:Archived 3847:Archived 3786:Archived 3742:Archived 3324:5 August 3267:Kandil, 2876:Archived 2773:See also 2603:رقيب أول 2467:Enlisted 2397:Muqaddam 2049:El Minya 1983:Hurghada 1955:Ismailia 1922:Damietta 1899:Abou Qir 1859:El Fayum 1800:and the 1690:Unit 999 1685:Unit 777 1529:a series 1527:Part of 1379:Gulf War 1338:Commando 1299:Damascus 1253:and the 1173:southern 1165:northern 1155:and the 1123:1967 War 848:and the 781:Bedouins 730:In 1882 724:fellahin 376:See list 341:Gulf War 207:See list 149:Motto(s) 73:de facto 4246:(ed.). 3748:8 April 3740:. CNN. 2983:Famhy, 2953:Famhy, 2902:HISTORY 2657:Uniform 2596:Mosa'id 2457:Mulazim 1969:El Suez 1906:Mariout 1846:Zagazig 1489:wrote: 1291:Ismalia 1169:western 1161:central 1109:in 1962 1050:as the 760:Mamluks 750:During 655:Abbas I 605:of the 583:khedive 545:History 487:: 463:: 325:Shaba I 157:Colours 83:Country 4452: 4418:XXXIII 4399: 4369: 4309: 4287: 4268: 4225: 4206: 4113:30 May 3592: 3400: 3005: 2987:, 138. 2957:, 128. 2854: 2844:London 2495: 2307:Mushir 2185: 2107:; the 2091:, the 2040:Assiut 2023:Sallum 1915:Rashid 1442:Kavumu 1188:Nasser 1171:, and 1153:Second 774:. The 764:fellah 609:, and 607:Levant 533:, the 519:France 476:Arabic 452:Arabic 174:Arabic 67:Active 47:Arabic 43: 4242:. In 3667:(PDF) 3271:, 83. 2815:Notes 2709:Army 2648:Jundi 2635:'arif 2622:Raqib 2590:مساعد 2450:ملازم 2427:Naqib 2412:Ra'id 2337:Fariq 2136:Cairo 2070:Aswan 2063:Sohag 1839:Tanta 1438:MONUC 1426:UNMOP 1303:Cairo 1157:Third 1107:Sanaa 1068:Sinai 904:from 736:Cairo 716:Sudan 611:Hejaz 595:Porte 559:nomes 165:March 143:Cairo 87:Egypt 4450:ISBN 4397:ISBN 4367:ISBN 4307:ISBN 4285:ISBN 4266:ISBN 4223:ISBN 4204:ISBN 4115:2021 3969:2021 3911:2013 3881:2013 3855:2013 3824:2013 3794:2013 3750:2021 3723:2016 3590:ISBN 3398:ISBN 3326:2016 3089:2018 3043:2018 3003:ISBN 2884:2014 2852:ISBN 2642:جندي 2629:عريف 2616:رقيب 2420:نقيب 2405:رائد 2390:مقدم 2382:Aqid 2375:عقيد 2367:Amid 2360:عميد 2352:Liwa 2345:لواء 2330:فريق 2300:مشیر 2125:The 2056:Qena 1939:Suez 1410:ONUC 1340:and 1014:and 948:and 758:and 665:and 517:and 446:The 113:Size 103:Role 97:Army 93:Type 4422:doi 3715:N12 2038:HQ 1998:HQ 1937:HQ 1881:HQ 1814:HQ 1079:CIA 172:" ( 4754:: 4416:. 4395:. 4202:. 4105:. 4076:. 4047:. 4023:. 3997:. 3939:. 3897:. 3845:. 3841:. 3810:. 3766:. 3713:. 3669:. 3641:. 3604:^ 3483:^ 3352:^ 3342:. 3316:. 3297:. 3080:. 3051:^ 3029:. 3025:. 2962:^ 2900:. 2846:: 2842:. 2823:^ 2762:. 2142:. 1857:, 1804:. 1531:on 1448:. 1198:a 1183:. 1167:, 1163:, 1093:. 994:, 990:, 982:, 978:, 974:, 925:. 669:: 661:, 657:, 601:, 482:, 478:: 458:, 454:: 180:, 176:: 141:, 4598:e 4591:t 4584:v 4510:e 4503:t 4496:v 4458:. 4428:. 4424:: 4405:. 4375:. 4315:. 4293:. 4274:. 4231:. 4212:. 4178:. 4117:. 4091:. 4062:. 4033:. 4008:. 3984:. 3971:. 3949:. 3913:. 3883:. 3857:. 3826:. 3796:. 3752:. 3725:. 3699:. 3679:. 3651:. 3598:. 3561:. 3541:. 3406:. 3368:. 3328:. 3301:. 3210:. 3204:. 3134:" 3117:. 3091:. 3045:. 3011:. 2944:. 2910:. 2886:. 2860:. 2521:e 2514:t 2507:v 2211:e 2204:t 2197:v 1764:e 1757:t 1750:v 553:. 474:( 450:( 186:) 168:" 76:) 49:) 45:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index