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substantial dowry, and she became engaged to her first cousin, Miguel Lopes. In 1776 the engagement broke off, and her father acquired a husband for her, Pasquale Tria de Solis, lieutenant of
Neapolitan Army, whom she married In 1778. In October of the same year, she gave birth to a son, Francesco. However, the infant died about eight months later. He was Eleonora's only child because violence by her husband resulted in two miscarriages. These tragedies, however, led to the creation of several of her most notable works.
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368:. However, before the ships could leave port, she was taken into custody. She was arrested and later sentenced to death, by hanging, on 20 August 1799. This was because of her revolutionary activities and writings against the monarchy, the worst of which was a poem written for the birth of Queen Carolina's second child, in which she refers to the queen as an “impure
288:. Her other literary works often involved praise or recommended reformation of the monarchy. As her literary abilities grew, she became well known through winning several royal writing competitions. This allowed her entrance to several notable Neapolitan literary societies and opened the way to her correspondence with the foremost literati of the time.
308:. She often translated works from other foreign languages to bring in an income after her separation from her husband. Pimentel's commentary on her translations of works led to the categorization of her as a political author. Her public profile also led to her appointment as royal librarian to the Queen of Naples,
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in
January 1799. However, as time went on she became more disillusioned with the behaviour of the French army, and began to warn the readers of her newspaper about the dangers of possible chaos and anarchy. When the Republic was overthrown and the Bourbon monarchy restored in June 1799, she was one
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Six years later, seeing the mistreatment of his daughter and the misuse of her dowry, Pimentel's father went to court to ask for his daughter to be returned home. In 1784 the Court of Naples granted the discontinuation of Solis’ authority over
Pimentel, and she was sent back to her familial home. A
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and Greek and spoke several languages (Italian, Portuguese, French and a little
English) As a child, she moved with her family to Naples following political difficulties between the Papal States (of which Rome was the capital) and the Kingdom of Portugal. Her mother's death in 1771 left her with a
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movement in Naples that was working to overthrow the monarchy and establish a local version of the French
Republic. She, and others who were well educated and spoke several languages including French, came to be regarded as suspicious by the monarchy. She believed in the French revolutionary
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she was no longer publicly viewed as nobility. As a woman once viewed as noble, who had however spoken out against the monarchy, she was made an example of through her public hanging. And of eight other patriots sentenced, she was the last to be hanged. On the day of her hanging in
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discussed the challenges facing the new
Neapolitan Republic, praised the arrival of the French army, conveyed republican themes, and criticized the Bourbon monarchy. Fonseca Pimentel was one of the leaders of the revolution that overthrew the
388:, her last wish was only for a cup of coffee. She was calm as she went to the gallows, as the monarch's loyalists shouted: "Long Live Carolina, Death to the Jacobina." Her last words were in Latin, a quote from Virgil's
339:. Her beliefs were secular and republican. She also believed in the importance of educating the masses. After King Ferdinand IV fled Naples, she and other Jacobins welcomed in the French army.
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year later her father died, and she was left alone. In ill health due to her newfound poverty, she asked the king for a small pension, which she was granted because of her literary merits.
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Constance H.D. Giglioli (1903), Naples in 1799 an account of the
Revolution of 1799 and of the rise and fall of the Parthenopean Republic, London, John Murray, Albemarle Street.
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dedicated a poem to her, in which he refers to her as "Nightingale of beautiful Italy". Other prominent literary figures she kept in contact with included
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Fonseca
Pimentel asked to be beheaded, as was customary aristocrats sentenced to death; however her request was denied. The
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On 28 June a group of republicans, including
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Il resto di niente. Storia di
Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel e della rivoluzione napoletana del 1799
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in France. The paper printed thirty-five issues within its lifespan of 2 February – 8 June 1799.
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of the revolutionaries executed by the royal tribunals implemented by the restored monarchy.
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Her poetry was written in reformist, neoclassical style, evocative of the period of
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The launch of her newspaper turned her into a well-known political revolutionary.
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labelled her "l’amabilissima musa del Tago," or "The most amiable muse of the
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and has been placed here by the author and copyright holder of that article.
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connected with the Neapolitan revolution and subsequent short-lived
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La Vicenda Letteraria e Politica di Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel
312:. In 1799 she created, worked as Editor-in-Chief, and wrote for
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only recognized her father's nobility, and additionally as a
216:[eleoˈnɔːraˈannamaˈriːafeˈliːtʃedefonˈsɛːkapimenˈtɛl]
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Project Continua: Biography of Eleonora de Donseca Pimentel
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This item is an abridged version of an article from an
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Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel: morire per la rivoluzione
538:«Correrò questo rischio» Sacrificio, sfida, resistenza
505:, Napoli, Avagliano 1999; Milano, Rizzoli 2001, 2004
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principles that were being circulated at the time of
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In the 1790s Fonseca Pimentel became involved in the
442:("Sonnets for the Death of my Only Son") (1779–1784)
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48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
316:, a significant republican newspaper named after
232:; 13 January 1752 – 20 August 1799) was an
229:[ljuˈnoɾðɐfõˈsekɐpimẽˈtɛlˈʃavɨʃ,lewˈ-]
208:Eleonora Anna Maria Felice de Fonseca Pimentel
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593:quanto compresso il tuon scoppia più forte?
729:Newspaper editors of the French Revolution
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108:Learn how and when to remove this message
734:People executed by the Kingdom of Naples
603:segnata è in ciel ed un sol filo arresta
591:Folle! E non sai ch'entro in nube oscura
589:e stringer lieto il ciuffo della sorte?
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599:finché al suol rotò la indegna testa...
597:sul franco oppresso la tua infame suora
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372:” and an “unfaithful imbecile tyrant.”
251:and one of many set up in the 1790s in
794:18th-century Italian women journalists
583:stringi pur quanto vuoi nostre ritorte
605:la scure appesa sul tuo capo ancora.
601:E tu, chissà? Tardar ben può ma l'ora
475:, Napoli, Cooperativa Libreria, 1935
440:Sonetti in Morte del Suo Unico Figlio
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784:Italian people of Portuguese descent
664:Biographie Eleonora Fonseca Pimentel
46:adding citations to reliable sources
769:People of the Parthenopean Republic
595:Al par di te mové guerra e tempesta
465:, Roma, Tipografia Nazionale, 1887
804:Writers from the Kingdom of Naples
754:18th-century Italian women writers
587:Credi il soglio così premer sicura
581:d'imbecille tiranno empia consorte
495:, Napoli, La Città del Sole, 1998
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585:l'umanità calpesta e la natura...
337:Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
221:Leonor da Fonseca Pimentel Chaves
143:Leonor da Fonseca Pimentel Chaves
774:18th-century Italian journalists
640:Naples Life, Death, and Miracles
579:Rediviva Poppea, tribade impura,
430:("Sonnets for S. Leucio") (1789)
418:("The Triumph of Virtue") (1776)
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424:("Neapolitan Sonnet") (c. 1788)
412:("The Birth of Orpheus") (1775)
263:Pimentel was born in Rome of a
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618:"Eleonora Fonseca de Pimental"
535:, Storia delle Donne 4/2008 -
436:("The Flight to Egypt") (1792)
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481:Maria Antonietta Macciocchi,
448:("Elegiatic Ode") (1779–1784)
799:People from the Papal States
516:La Loggia della Philantropia
463:Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel
406:("the Time of Glory") (1768)
636:"Eleonora Fonseca Pimentel"
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310:Maria Carolina of Austria
267:. She wrote poetry, read
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485:, Milano, Rizzoli, 1993
326:Becoming a revolutionary
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676:ZEIT-Artikel von Fried
416:Il Trionfo della Virtu
404:Il Tempio della Gloria
344:Il Monitore Napoletano
314:Il Monitore Napoletano
428:Sonetti per S. Leucio
353:Parthenopean Republic
319:Le Moniteur Universel
259:Early life and family
42:improve this article
714:Italian women poets
410:La Nascita de Orfeo
366:Neapolitan Republic
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422:Sonetto Napoletano
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391:The Aeneid
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298:Voltaire
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381:Jacobin
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332:Jacobin
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