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36:
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682:. As the universe expanded and cooled, interactions became less energetic, and when the universe was about 10 seconds old, W and Z bosons ceased to be created at observable rates. The remaining W and Z bosons decayed quickly, and the weak interaction became a short-range force in the following
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693:, the nature of which is unknown. If first order, this could source a gravitational wave background. The electroweak phase transition is also a potential source of
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Ghiglieri, J.; Jackson, G.; Laine, M.; Zhu, Y. (2020). "Gravitational wave background from
Standard Model physics: Complete leading order".
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L. D. McLerran; M. E. Shaposhnikov; N. Turok; M. B. Voloshin (1991). "Why the baryon asymmetry of the universe is approximately 10**-10".
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Caprini, Chiara; et al. (2020). "Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update".
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was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the temperature of the universe had fallen enough that the
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Bergerhoff, Bastian; Wetterich, Christof (1998). "Electroweak Phase
Transition in the Early Universe?".
658:. Others place it at approximately 10 seconds after the Big Bang, when the potential energy of the
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299:
241:
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Kajantie, Keijo; et al. (1996). "The
Electroweak Phase Transition: A Non-Perturbative Analysis".
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of the universe during the inflationary epoch was released, filling the universe with a dense, hot
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D'Onofrio, Michela; Rummukainen, Kari (2016). "Standard model cross-over on the lattice".
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of particle physics). Some cosmologists place the electroweak epoch at the start of the
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670:. Particle interactions in this phase were energetic enough to create large numbers of
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915:, Dr. Balša Terzić, Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development
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Morrissey, David E.; Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J. (2012). "Electroweak baryogenesis".
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708:, the transition during the electroweak epoch was not a first- or a second-order
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above the critical temperature for electroweak symmetry breaking (159.5±1.5
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1183:"Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe"
1154:"Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe"
1122:"Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe"
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have a first-order electroweak phase transition (but require additional
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The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the
Texture of Reality
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720:. However, many extensions to the Standard Model including
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930:Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
906:Lecture 13: History of the Very Early Universe
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16:Period in the evolution of the early universe
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712:but a continuous crossover, preventing any
630:interaction, but was still high enough for
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1226:. Springer Netherlands. pp. 211–240.
654:, approximately 10 seconds after the
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894:Our Universe Part 6: Electroweak Epoch
716:, or the production of an observable
7:
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689:The electroweak epoch ended with an
1576:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1541:Graphical timeline of the Big Bang
330:2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF")
14:
545:Timeline of cosmological theories
310:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
1560:
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861:Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang
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558:
557:
1209:10.1070/PU1991v034n05ABEH002497
638:to remain merged into a single
325:Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
178:Future of an expanding universe
1096:10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/125003
986:Journal of High Energy Physics
540:History of the Big Bang theory
336:Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
1:
960:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/024
718:gravitational wave background
532:Discovery of cosmic microwave
183:Ultimate fate of the universe
1305:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00052-1
1051:10.1016/0370-2693(91)91794-V
691:electroweak phase transition
1242:10.1007/978-94-011-5046-0_6
300:Black Hole Initiative (BHI)
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1502:Heat death of the universe
1398:Chronology of the universe
1191:(in Russian and English).
832:. Addison-Wesley. p.
793:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.025003
742:Chronology of the universe
662:field that had driven the
63:Chronology of the universe
1530:
857:Allday, Jonathan (2002).
828:Introduction to Cosmology
156:Expansion of the universe
1633:Physical cosmology stubs
1458:Big Bang nucleosynthesis
1390:Timeline of the Big Bang
320:Planck space observatory
106:Gravitational wave (GWB)
1416:Grand unification epoch
1181:A. D. Sakharov (1991).
1166:: 32–35. Archived from
1134:: 24–27. Archived from
1016:10.1007/JHEP07(2020)092
726:two-Higgs-doublet model
640:electroweak interaction
173:Inhomogeneous cosmology
1572:-related article is a
1188:Soviet Physics Uspekhi
1335:. Penguin Books Ltd.
896:, Scientific Explorer
264:Large-scale structure
242:Shape of the universe
1494:Fate of the universe
867:Taylor & Francis
576:Astronomy portal
534:background radiation
511:List of cosmologists
1341:2004fcst.book.....G
1297:1996NuPhB.466..189K
1201:1991SvPhU..34..392S
1088:2012NJPh...14l5003M
1008:2020JHEP...07..092G
952:2020JCAP...03..024C
785:2016PhRvD..93b5003D
699:Sakharov conditions
626:separated from the
276:Structure formation
168:Friedmann equations
58:Age of the universe
22:Part of a series on
1623:Physical cosmology
1570:physical cosmology
1425:Inflationary epoch
911:2012-03-27 at the
824:Ryden, B. (2003).
668:quark–gluon plasma
652:inflationary epoch
616:physical cosmology
315:Dark Energy Survey
259:Large quasar group
28:Physical cosmology
1585:
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1462:Matter domination
1421:Electroweak epoch
1350:978-0-14-101111-0
1251:978-94-010-6119-3
880:978-0-7503-0806-9
620:electroweak epoch
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672:exotic particles
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632:electromagnetism
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254:Galaxy formation
214:Lambda-CDM model
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195:Components
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1477:Habitable epoch
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1288:hep-lat/9510020
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704:In the minimal
701:are satisfied.
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1195:(5): 392–393.
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628:electronuclear
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1170:on 2019-06-06
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1578:expanding it
1567:
1552:
1539:
1484:Reionization
1454:Photon epoch
1449:Lepton epoch
1444:Hadron epoch
1433:Baryogenesis
1420:
1411:Planck epoch
1331:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1223:
1217:
1192:
1186:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
1163:
1159:ZhETF Pis'ma
1157:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:the original
1131:
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766:
763:Phys. Rev. D
762:
756:
730:CP violation
714:baryogenesis
703:
695:baryogenesis
688:
680:Higgs bosons
674:, including
624:strong force
619:
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338:Probe (WMAP)
272:
269:Reionization
250:
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196:
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147:
144:Hubble's law
135:
114:
86:
49:
1439:Quark epoch
1066:New J. Phys
1045:: 451–456.
684:quark epoch
293:Experiments
226:Dark matter
219:Dark energy
161:FLRW metric
98:Backgrounds
1617:Categories
1517:Big Bounce
1512:Big Crunch
1174:2020-07-14
1142:2020-07-14
999:2004.11392
992:(7): 092.
943:1910.13125
936:(3): 024.
869:. p.
776:1508.07161
748:References
373:Copernicus
351:Scientists
206:Components
1522:Big Slurp
1472:Dark ages
1429:Reheating
1313:119416033
1104:119230032
1079:1206.2942
1024:216144470
968:204950387
811:119261776
664:inflation
503:Zeldovich
403:Friedmann
378:de Sitter
305:BOOMERanG
234:Structure
199:Structure
83:Inflation
1628:Big Bang
1406:Big Bang
1329:(2005).
1260:13949582
1152:(1967).
1120:(1967).
909:Archived
736:See also
724:and the
660:inflaton
656:Big Bang
634:and the
564:Category
483:Suntzeff
443:Lemaître
393:Einstein
358:Aaronson
151:Redshift
53:Universe
46:Big Bang
1507:Big Rip
1337:Bibcode
1293:Bibcode
1197:Bibcode
1084:Bibcode
1004:Bibcode
948:Bibcode
781:Bibcode
646:in the
488:Sunyaev
473:Schmidt
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