2483:. Quote: "he dark symbolism of industrial music, the typically crude appearance associated with the punk era and, above all, underground collages and drawings oriented towards alternative contemporary art. While very particular aesthetic principles may be shared in some extreme subgenres such as power electronics or old-school noise, following the path of industrial music and its demystification of symbols (Obodda, 2002), the aesthetic judgements embraced by labels and listeners often demonstrate the rejection of imagery that is considered unoriginal."
822:
939:. Hand in hand with the music was the image which unashamedly borrowed a lot from German and Soviet imagery. We all loved the sharp and striking design images of Russian and German '30s and '40s posters and artwork. Obviously we faced a lot of questions and objections about the ‚Neo-Nazi' image. But really we were just using the images to get people to sit up and listen. ‚Iconoclastic minimalism' was one phrase that was used to describe Nitzer Ebb at the time.
1848:"Moroder first experimented with krautrock-oriented synthesizer sounds on his solo album ‚Einzelgänger' (1975), an artistic and commercial failure. It is remarkable that he not only felt the necessity to experiment with synthesizer sounds reminiscent of Berlin School artists like Tangerine Dream and Klaus Schulze but that these experiments would help him to develop a unique German Disco sound with Summer's 1977 hit ‚I Feel Love'."
920:
466:
42:
483:, music that might be called proto-EBM at least. The role of sequencers, synthesizer and drum machine sounds for the creative process itself and its results are another interesting point concerning EBM. The use of these instruments contributed obviously to the formation of danceable grooves and sound textures that attracted a wider audience.
1767:"Am ehesten lässt sich der Vokaleinsatz als Sprechgesang bezeichnen: Die Worte und Textzeilen werden deutlich gesprochen oder geschrien. Neben der tiefen, männlichen Hauptstimme, die meist trotz möglicher Echo-Effekte oder leichter Verzerrung gut verständlich ist, kommt oft noch ein so genannter ‚Shouter' zum Einsatz."
1795:"Rhythmically, EBM is based around an incessant quarter-note kick drum pattern, often with a backbeat snare. Drum machine hi-hats fill in the rhythmic gaps, but percussive ornamentation varies from artist to artist. Drum sounds were often samples of drums, car crashes, door slamming or environmental percussion."
2579:. Principal quote: "Regarding the emergence of the dance-driven EBM from the industrial scene, a;GRUMPH...'s Jacques Meurrens says, "In , the people who liked industrial and the people who liked EBM were mostly the same crowd," but even by the time, audiences were starting to form subgenre-based expectations."
911:
references, symbols, and signifiers has been a recurring topic of debate between fans and outsiders to the genre alike due to its stylistical ambiguity that stems from industrial music's contrarian nature. In one instance, military-themed band
Laibach "ma no attempt to subvert this image it has the
1740:, p. 443. Quote: "Punk mit elektronischen Elementen und industriellen Gerauschen gemischt -, die sich Mitte der 80er Jahre insbesondere in den Benelux-Ländern zur Electronic Body Music (EBM) erweiterte (zu den bekannten Gruppen zählen Front 242 und Nitzer Ebb)"
361:
Described as an outgrowth of "electronically generated punk intertwined with industrial sounds," EBM has been characterized as a composite of programmed drum beats, repetitive basslines, and clear or slightly distorted vocals, instructional shouts or
3101:
Big Black's relentless noise guitars, jackhammer rhythms and lyrical tales of
America's underbelly continue to inspire cutting-edge bands such as Helmet, Tar and, the Jesus Lizard", as well as industrial dance groups such as Nine Inch Nails and
478:
The song "Warm
Leatherette" (The Normal, 1978) stands at the beginning of an important development, the electrified version of Punk that had been picked up and transformed in DĂĽsseldorf by bands like Die Krupps, DAF and
898:
EBM follows the transgressive approach of punk and industrial music (e.g. "demystification of symbols") and the use of provocative extreme imagery is common (e.g. Nazi paraphernalia; reminiscent of punk's use of the
326:. There you could find that sound again, where it was catchily picked up and labelled. In our days all these terms didn't exist, not 'industrial' nor 'post-punk'. To us it was sequencer music, that was what we did.
879:
There has been increasing convergence between this scene and the old school EBM scene. Some artists have remixed each other. Most notably, Terence Fixmer joined with Nitzer Ebb's
Douglas McCarthy to form
848:
had reactivated the style. Based on this revival, Sweden and East
Germany then became the centre of the movement spawning a variety of newcomers. Primarily as a counteracting force against the expanding
393:
Environmental samples, e.g. hammer blow, machine and alert sounds, are often used to create a "factory ambiance". Other samples include political speeches and excerpts from science fiction movies, cf.
957:
movements. EBM asserts a hyper-masculine image of "triumphalism, combat postures, and paranoia," and is known for its "tough-guy" or machismo attitudes displayed by both men and women. According to
276:
EBM gained a stable following in the second half of the 1980s. Around that period, a youth-cultural scene emerged from EBM whose followers describe themselves as EBM-heads or (in North
America) as
261:
The evolution of the genre reflected "a general shift towards more song-oriented structures in industrial as to a general turn towards the dancefloor by many musicians and genres in the era of
347:) to describe their danceable electronic punk sound. The term "electronic body music" was later used by Belgian band Front 242 in 1984 to describe the music of their EP of that year titled
1191:"This record will show you the roots of Belgian electronic music. Young musicians who don't want to ride on the New Beat wave. They want to do 100% Aggrepo for your body mechanic!"
998:
that developed in the mid-1980s. While EBM has minimal structures and a clean production, electro-industrial draws on deep, complex and layered sounds, incorporating elements of
5451:
1014:. In the early 1990s, the style spawned the dark electro genre and, in the end of the decade, a strongly techno- and hard-trance-inspired style called "hellektro" or "
318:
EBM stands for 'electronic body music', a term which only really came into use when the Brits and
Belgians stepped into the 'sequencer business' with bands like
856:
Simultaneously, a number of
European techno producers started incorporating elements of EBM into their sound. This tendency grew in parallel with the emerging
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by Front 242 initiated the end of the EBM era of the 1980s. Nitzer Ebb, one of the most important purveyors of the genre, turned into an
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Between the early and mid-1990s, many EBM artists ceased activities or changed their musical direction, incorporating more elements of
5718:
5682:
1518:"1986/87: New bands like Nitzer Ebb, The Klinik and Vomito Negro appear on the scene and gain a large audience of mainly young males."
1122:
965:, the duo who adopted an aesthetic of black leather and military paraphernalia in the early 1980s was inspired by the male homosexual
962:
538:
470:
427:
340:
314:. Although the term originated in the late 1970s, it was not until the 1980s when it reappeared and started to come into popular use.
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started to blend danceable rhythms and repetitive sequencer lines. At the time the genre arose, style-defining synthesizers included
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band. Without the strength of its figureheads, electronic body music as a discernable music style faded by the mid-1990s.
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2496:", Stockholm University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Journalism, Media and Communication (JMK). (English).
821:
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and post-punk movement and the first style that blended synthesized sounds with an ecstatic style of dancing (e.g.
2493:
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aura of authenticity" so "any
Laibach fans began to revel in the evils of the band and to take their stage act at
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Front 242 characterized their approach as somewhere between
Throbbing Gristle and Kraftwerk. Nitzer Ebb and
439:
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Music Genres as a Driving Force of Society: Why Industrial and EBM are More Relevant Today Than Ever Before
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3623:
3349:
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has been used to describe the music of Cabaret Voltaire (early 1980s), early Die Krupps, Portion Control,
711:). North American bands started to use EBM-typical bass sequences and combined them with the roughness of
636:
101:
1413:
Audio-visuelle Tendenzen. Entwicklungen in der Visualisierung elektronischer Musik und in der Clubkultur.
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1385:
Albiez, Sean (2017). "Electronic Body Music". In Horn, David; Shepherd, John; Prato, Paolo (eds.).
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805:
729:
684:
648:
596:
435:
1039:
In general, industrial dance is characterized by its "electronic beats, symphonic keyboard lines,
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scene, these artists followed a neo-traditionalistic path, often referred to as "old school EBM".
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Freak Nation. A Field Guide to 101 of the Most Odd, Extreme, and Outrageous American Subcultures
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presented a two-paged special report about the industrial dance movement in Canada and the U.S.
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513:. Daniel Bressanutti (Front 242), who helped establish the term EBM, named the soundscapes of
443:
301:
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3086:
2933:
2880:
2497:
2012:
1913:
1693:
1263:, p. 206. Quote: "as de zogenaamde electronic body music, een Belgische postpunkvariant"
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3222:"Industrial Dance : Significant Albums, Artists and Songs, Most Viewed : AllMusic"
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Shuker, Roy (2017). "Gothic Rock". In Horn, David; Shepherd, John; Prato, Paolo (eds.).
2331:
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scene and, as that scene started to decline, artists partly associated with it, such as
836:
In the late 1990s and after the millennium, Belgian, Swedish and German artists such as
473:
created the "muscles & machines" image – the basic concept of electronic body music.
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2655:
DJ Culture in the Mix: Power, Technology, and Social Change in Electronic Dance Music
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740:, particularly in Europe. In this period the most important labels were the Belgian
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1903:"Seinen Ursprung hat das Genre Anfang der 1980er-Jahre in Deutschland und Belgien."
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continued the cross-pollination between EBM and rock music resulting in the album
462:(who had used electronic bass sequences as a basic feature in their productions).
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complemented with reverberation and echo effects. Typical EBM rhythms rely on the
2653:
2357:
2256:
1590:
1386:
1332:
1026:
Industrial dance is a North American umbrella term for electronic body music and
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as additional influences along Kraftwerk, Throbbing Gristle, the sequencer-based
308:
radio (Kent, Ohio) to explain the more physical character of the Kraftwerk album
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Performativität und Performance: Geschlecht in Musik, Theater und MedienKunst
949:
The military style of EBM has a "part-human part-machine" gestalt typical of
304:
in November 1977. In June 1978 HĂĽtter reused the phrase in an interview with
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2121:
this album probably owes more to Front 242 than anything." Esher, Alan.
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Milk it!: Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90s
2424:
2401:
1087:
971:
769:
371:
363:
135:
125:
3026:
All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music
5661:
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Techno Style. Musik, Grafik, Mode und Partykultur der Techno-Bewegung.
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876:, and David Carretta, moved towards this techno/EBM crossover style.
683:
In the second half of the 1980s, the genre became popular in Canada (
647:
aesthetics, with ironic intent. Other prominent artists were Pankow,
383:
145:
5429:
5282:
5205:
4712:
4582:
3946:
3722:
1891:
Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz.
1755:
Die Welt der Gothics. Spielräume düster konnotierter Transzendenz.
1063:
918:
820:
537:
Emerging in the early 1980s in Germany and Belgium, bands such as
464:
250:
cultures. It combines sequenced repetitive basslines, programmed
5399:
5181:
5166:
4923:
2992:
Review of the album „Flavour of the Weak" by Front Line Assembly
2359:
Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 11
1388:
Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 11
1334:
Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 11
1233:
This Is Our House: House Music, Cultural Spaces and Technologies
305:
114:
Early 1980s, Western Europe (West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands)
5433:
3311:
5658:
3198:
3048:
3024:
Vladimir Bogdanov / Chris Woodstra / Stephen Thomas Erlewine:
1893:
VS Verlag fĂĽr Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, Dezember 2004,
1757:
VS Verlag fĂĽr Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, Dezember 2004,
2652:
Attias, Bernardo; Anna Gavanas; Hillegonda Rietveld (2013).
2494:
Nazi Symbolism in Black Metal/National Socialist Black Metal
3046:
Macdonald - Heidi (May 1998). "Front 242 - Mut@ge.Mix@ge".
2966:
Wax Trax! / TVT Offers KMFDM's Final Statement with „Adios"
3164:
3162:
643:, followed soon after. Groups from this era often applied
2765:
Holly George-Warren / Patricia Romanowski / Jon Pareles:
1576:
kraftwerk.technopop.com.br (retrieved on 28 January 2008)
1030:
music. Fans associated with these genres call themselves
2512:
on Fire: New Perspectives on the Music and Performances
1934:
Electri_City: The DĂĽsseldorf School of Electronic Music
1592:
Electri_City: The DĂĽsseldorf School of Electronic Music
926:: Working class aesthetic as a part of EBM iconography.
2846:
The Wire, Volume 269-274, C. Parker, 2006, p. 32.
488:
Timor Kaul, German musicologist and cultural historian
3069:
3067:
2981:, CMJ New Music Report, 14. February 2000, p. 22
3009:
Review of the album „Implode" by Front Line Assembly
1205:
The Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined
1187:
Liner-Notes of the compilation ‚Music from Belgium'.
736:
Meanwhile, EBM became successful in the underground
5647:
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5467:
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5112:
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4834:
4545:
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3705:
3569:
3484:
3377:
3363:
2739:
Experimental Music: Audio Explorations in Australia
2514:edited by John T. Littlejohn and Michael T. Putnam
1958:
Assimilate. A Critical History of Industrial Music.
1783:
Assimilate. A Critical History of Industrial Music.
1567:
WSKU Radio (Kent - Ohio) - Ralf HĂĽtter - 19/06/1978
258:shouts with confrontational or provocative themes.
192:
169:
118:
110:
59:
51:
34:
3078:
2858:Rudy von Bitter Rucker / R. U. Sirius / Queen Mu:
2555:Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music
2552:
1550:"Kraftwerk and 'The Cold Wave' in Sounds 26.11.77"
994:Electro-industrial is an outgrowth of the EBM and
2968:, CMJ New Music Report, 5. April 1999, p. 1.
2767:The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll
3171:"A Dilettante's Guide to Industrial Dance Music"
3114:Eddy, Chuck (June 1998). "Metal Machine Music".
1671:"Front 242 – No Comment (1984, Vinyl) - Discogs"
493:Other influences include the synth-pop music of
2715:
2713:
1489:Techno Rebels: The Renegades of Electronic Funk
1155:Techno Rebels: The Renegades of Electronic Funk
929:
476:
316:
3254:Review of the album „Beat Noir" by Spahn Ranch
343:from Germany employed the term "Körpermusik" (
5445:
3323:
2881:"Hard-boiled Ebb – Interview with Nitzer Ebb"
2854:
2852:
2546:
2544:
2536:Some Thoughts on EBM as a transitional genre.
2388:Reflections of Darkness: A Dark Music webzine
1426:Some Thoughts on EBM as a transitional genre.
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1189:Techno Drome International/ZYX Records, 1988.
1043:rhythms, angst-ridden or sampled vocals, and
931:Bon and Doug were heavily influenced by DAF,
418:and post-industrial music sources, including
300:in an interview with British music newspaper
8:
3196:Jacks, Kelso (November 1999). "Recordnews".
1822:Some Thoughts on EBM as a transitional genre
1815:
1813:
1471:, Localizer 1.0, Die Gestalten Verlag 1995,
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1326:
1324:
265:." It was considered a part of the European
2906:
2904:
1860:"Disturbing Sounds to Unruffle the New Age"
1584:
1582:
1508:Edition Olms, Hombrechtikon / ZĂĽrich 1996,
254:rhythms, and mostly undistorted vocals and
5452:
5438:
5430:
5109:
3374:
3330:
3316:
3308:
3202:. Vol. 60, no. 643. p. 10.
2860:Mondo 2000: A User's Guide to the New Edge
2821:
2819:
2817:
2692:. Princeton Architectural Press. pp.
1777:
1775:
1773:
1711:
1709:
1302:
1300:
1227:
1225:
699:) as well as in Sweden (Inside Treatment,
40:
31:
5405:Music technology (electronic and digital)
3118:. Vol. 14, no. 6. p. 139.
2689:ECO-TEC: Architecture of the In-Between -
2473:DIY Cultures and Underground Music Scenes
2402:"Electronicbody-Housemusic > Overview"
1836:Krautrock. German Music in the Seventies.
1715:Ernie Rideout, interview with Front 242,
1391:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 222–223.
1308:Krautrock. German Music in the Seventies.
3143:Continuum International Publishing Group
1703:iAfrica.com (retrieved on 3 August 2007)
1446:. In: Thomas Hecken, Marcus S. Kleiner:
501:; and the krautrock-inspired dance hit "
3291:Allmusic definition of Industrial Dance
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1889:In: Axel Schmidt, Klaus Neumann-Braun:
1753:In: Axel Schmidt, Klaus Neumann-Braun:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1144:
3177:. Vol. 4, no. 12. p. 78
2595:. Nitzer Ebb Network New Jersey / USA.
1960:Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013,
1785:Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013,
1717:Keyboard Presents the Best of the '80s
1273:
1271:
1269:
1002:. Electro-industrial was pioneered by
2946:. Vol. 8, no. 4. p. 71
2559:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1806:Görl meets Beuys, TAZ, November 2003.
1491:, Billboard Books, 1999, p. 142.
969:scene and is not meant to represent "
760:. Notable acts at that time included
707:) and Japan (2nd Communication, DRP,
238:. It developed in the early 1980s in
7:
3303:List of Industrial Dance/EBM artists
2979:Review of the album „MDFMK" by MDFMK
1838:University of Michigan Press, 2016,
1310:University of Michigan Press, 2016,
2793:The Secret History of Rock 'n' Roll
2425:"Chemical Sweet Girl > Overview"
2400:Theakston, Rob (26 November 2002).
1415:Universität Wien, 2009, p. 18.
5683:List of industrial music festivals
1502:History of Techno and House music.
1123:List of industrial music festivals
963:Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft
944:Chris Piper, manager of Nitzer Ebb
410:EBM evolved from a combination of
25:
5410:Recording studio as an instrument
2810:– via the Internet Archive.
2608:Blissed Out: The Raptures of Rock
2577:– via the Internet Archive.
1092:My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult
979:Derivatives and alternative terms
4568:Christian electronic dance music
3285:The Unstoppable Influence of EBM
2914:Giunti Gruppo Editoriale, 2002,
2538:, Academia.edu, 2016, p. 4.
1996:Die Kleinen und die Bösen review
1428:, Academia.edu, 2016, p. 1.
975:ideology" but part of a "role."
5688:List of industrial music genres
5678:List of industrial music labels
3139:The A to X of Alternative Music
2879:Tony Fletcher (February 1992).
1500:Martin Pesch, Markus Weisbeck:
1118:List of electronic music genres
903:). Appropriating totalitarian,
5673:List of industrial music bands
2658:. A&C Black. p. 286.
2102:Front Line Assembly: Biography
2013:Italian EBM progenitors Pankow
1936:. Suhrkamp. pp. 275–347.
1694:EBM - A revolution in progress
1050:Since the mid-1980s, the term
458:artists such as Kraftwerk and
296:of the German electronic band
242:, as an outgrowth of both the
1:
5734:Electronic dance music genres
5495:Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth
5373:Electronic musical instrument
2743:University of New South Wales
2423:Kellman, Andy (1 June 2004).
2246:. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
1914:Die Krupps - Too Much History
1719:, Backbeat, 2008, p. 57.
1253:Pop!: een halve eeuw beweging
1231:Hillegonda C Rietveld (1998)
828:live at E-tropolis festival,
5504:Post-industrial developments
2471:Bennett A, Guerra P (2018).
2449:. Gothtronic. Archived from
2002:. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
1985:. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
1887:Electronic Body Music (EBM).
1751:Electronic Body Music (EBM).
1732:. Hogrefe Publishing Group.
1660:. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
1133:Electronic dance music (EDM)
1128:Post-industrial developments
545:, Liaisons Dangereuses, and
525:of Giorgio Moroder, and the
5610:Fusion genres / derivatives
3260:, January 1999, p. 51.
3169:Leland, John (March 1989).
2829:SAF Publishing Ltd., 2004,
2721:Let's Go - Lollapalooza '93
2630:Martina O, Ernst W (2008).
2551:Reed, S. Alexander (2013).
2362:. Bloomsbury. p. 341.
2132:. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
1280:"A Beginner's Guide to EBM"
5765:
3015:, August 1999, p. 44.
2592:Interview with Chris Piper
2589:Albinsson, Stefan (2008).
2177:Nine Inch Nails: Biography
2143:Revolting Cocks: Biography
1824:. Academia.edu. p. 2.
1730:Spezielle Musikpsychologie
1450:J.B. Metzler Verlag 2017,
1158:. Wayne State University.
987:
891:
226:that combines elements of
5719:20th-century music genres
5395:Electronics in rock music
5356:Digital audio workstation
3346:
3279:A Beginner's Guide to EBM
3185:– via Google Books.
3085:. Da Capo Press. p.
2998:, April 1998, p. 50.
2954:– via Google Books.
2932:Eddy, Chuck (July 1992).
2862:, HarperPerennial, 1992,
2796:. Viva Editions. p.
2447:"Music | CD Reviews"
2234:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2217:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2211:Homicidal Dolls: Overview
2200:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2183:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2166:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2149:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2108:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2066:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2060:A Split Second: Biography
2049:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2032:. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
2026:Neon Judgement: Biography
1469:R & S Records Belgium
1278:B, Daniel (24 May 2012).
588:Wahre Arbeit, wahrer Lohn
197:
174:
55:Industrial dance, Aggrepo
39:
3281:, Fact magazine article.
3028:, Backbeat Books, 2001,
2727:, July 1993, p. 44.
2686:Marras, Amerigo (1999).
2606:Reynolds, Simon (1990).
2498:urn:nbn:se:su:diva-68780
2160:Subhuman Minds: Overview
1858:Reynolds, Simon (1991).
1012:Mentallo & The Fixer
639:, influenced by DAF and
574:Verschwende deine Jugend
5749:British styles of music
5744:Belgian styles of music
5303:Progressive electronica
4343:Intelligent dance music
3471:Sound system (Jamaican)
2492:Kingsepp, Eva (2011). "
1467:Renaat Vandepapeliere:
630:He Runs Too Fast for Us
572:Archetypical songs are
5739:German styles of music
3624:List of hip hop genres
3350:Electronic dance music
3137:Taylor, Steve (2006).
2827:Suicide: No Compromise
2634:, LIT Verlag MĂĽnster,
2209:McDonald, Steven.
1652:Uncle Dave Lewis.
947:
937:EinstĂĽrzende Neubauten
927:
833:
491:
474:
469:German proto-EBM band
395:Front 242 – Funkahdafi
337:
102:electronic dance music
5709:Electronic body music
5655:Industrial folk music
5521:Electronic body music
3786:Electronic body music
3434:Electroacoustic music
3258:CMJ New Music Monthly
3013:CMJ New Music Monthly
2996:CMJ New Music Monthly
2158:Henderson, Alex.
2141:Jeffries, David.
1979:That Total Age review
1728:Oerter, Rolf (2005).
1572:10 March 2008 at the
1531:, Adams Media, 2010,
1444:Electronic Body Music
1255:. Lannoo Uitgeverij,
1251:Keunen, Gert (2002).
922:
892:Further information:
824:
752:, the North American
561:, along with several
468:
290:electronic body music
216:Electronic body music
18:Electronic Body Music
5083:Hyperpop microgenres
3747:Contemporary R&B
2910:Christian Zingales:
2788:Knowles, Christopher
2737:Gail Priest (2009).
1820:Kaul, Timor (2016).
1699:21 July 2004 at the
1448:Handbook Popculture.
1331:Horn, David (2017).
1235:Aldershot: Ashgate.
1209:St. Martin's Griffin
614:Liaisons Dangereuses
606:Los niños del parque
602:Etre assis ou danser
597:FĂĽr einen Augenblick
481:Liaisons Dangereuses
4693:Mainstream hardcore
4067:Chopped and screwed
3456:Elektronische Musik
3410:List of rock genres
3341:-based music styles
2745:Press. p. 48.
2453:on 25 February 2012
2228:Bigod 20: Biography
2192:Ankeny, Jason.
2100:Ankeny, Jason.
1956:S. Alexander Reed:
1932:Esch, Rudi (2015).
1781:S. Alexander Reed:
1589:Esch, Rudi (2016).
1152:Sicko, Dan (2010).
1072:Front Line Assembly
924:Hammer and Cogwheel
806:06:21:03:11 Up Evil
730:Pretty Hate Machine
685:Front Line Assembly
5617:Industrial hip hop
5536:Martial industrial
5516:Electro-industrial
5475:Industrial Records
4902:Kawaii future bass
4882:Deconstructed club
4035:Breakbeat hardcore
3927:Martial industrial
3917:Industrial hip hop
3798:Ethnic electronica
3781:Electro-industrial
3296:2 May 2012 at the
2769:, Fireside, 2001,
2610:. Serpent's Tail.
2382:Daniela Vorndran:
2194:And One: Biography
2043:Ă ;GRUMH: Biography
1994:Raggett, Ned.
1977:Raggett, Ned.
1912:Release Magazine:
1865:The New York Times
1458:, p. 102–104.
1056:The Neon Judgement
1028:electro-industrial
1000:ambient industrial
990:Electro-industrial
984:Electro-industrial
959:Gabi Delgado-LĂłpez
928:
834:
657:The Neon Judgement
475:
292:was first used by
131:electro-industrial
5696:
5695:
5639:Industrial techno
5594:Power electronics
5480:Throbbing Gristle
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5351:Data sonification
5101:
5100:
5088:Plugg microgenres
5073:Breakcore revival
5038:Slowed and reverb
4718:Post-punk revival
4419:Progressive house
4338:Industrial techno
4010:Asian underground
3942:Power electronics
3718:Alternative dance
3577:Afro/cosmic music
3532:Psychedelic music
2752:978-1-921410-07-9
2665:978-1-62356-437-7
2520:978-0-7864-7463-9
2332:"Electro ssassin"
2175:Huey, Steve.
2058:Huey, Steve.
2041:Huey, Steve.
2024:Huey, Steve.
2015:, 23 August 2017.
1966:978-0-19-983260-6
1791:978-0-19-983260-6
1595:. Omnibus Press.
1552:. 10 August 2013.
1241:978-1-85742-242-9
1185:Various Artists:
1102:. In March 1989,
766:Armageddon Dildos
742:Play It Again Sam
645:socialist realist
444:Throbbing Gristle
386:) and some minor
370:or rock-oriented
331:Jurgen Engler of
234:with elements of
213:
212:
60:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
5756:
5729:Industrial music
5627:Industrial metal
5599:Death industrial
5582:Harsh noise wall
5485:Cabaret Voltaire
5461:Industrial music
5454:
5447:
5440:
5431:
5323:Video game music
5172:Acid house party
5110:
5057:Weird SoundCloud
4944:Melbourne bounce
4762:Shangaan electro
4323:Harsh noise wall
4082:Digital hardcore
3922:Industrial metal
3542:Psychedelic rock
3537:Psychedelic funk
3527:Progressive rock
3461:Live electronics
3444:Musique concrète
3439:Acousmatic music
3385:Amplified guitar
3375:
3370:decade of origin
3332:
3325:
3318:
3309:
3261:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3230:. Archived from
3218:
3212:
3211:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3084:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3043:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3005:
2999:
2988:
2982:
2977:Amy Sciarretto:
2975:
2969:
2964:Amy Sciarretto:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2929:
2923:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2889:. pp. 16–17
2876:
2870:
2856:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2823:
2812:
2811:
2784:
2778:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2734:
2728:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2683:
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2672:
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2628:
2622:
2621:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2558:
2548:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2506:
2500:
2490:
2484:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2443:
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2436:
2434:
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2414:
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2411:
2409:
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2380:
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2353:
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2328:
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2319:
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2297:
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2294:
2292:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2226:Bush, John.
2224:
2218:
2207:
2201:
2190:
2184:
2173:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2139:
2133:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2077:"Signal-Aout 42"
2073:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1992:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1929:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1855:
1849:
1832:
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1825:
1817:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1779:
1768:
1747:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1667:
1661:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1630:. Archived from
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1586:
1577:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1540:
1525:
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1349:
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1328:
1319:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1275:
1264:
1249:
1243:
1229:
1220:
1201:Nancy Kilpatrick
1198:
1192:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1149:
1052:industrial dance
1022:Industrial dance
996:industrial music
967:sado-masochistic
945:
811:alternative rock
786:Electro Assassin
756:and the Swedish
721:industrial metal
687:) and the U.S. (
641:Cabaret Voltaire
610:Avant-après mars
495:The Human League
489:
440:Cabaret Voltaire
335:
248:industrial music
228:industrial music
224:electronic music
222:) is a genre of
179:Industrial metal
119:Derivative forms
111:Cultural origins
44:
32:
21:
5764:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5643:
5622:Industrial rock
5605:
5560:
5499:
5463:
5458:
5428:
5419:
5334:
5271:Chill-out music
5249:
5097:
5061:
4830:
4541:
4404:Nu skool breaks
3988:
3701:
3636:Industrial rock
3565:
3507:Electronic rock
3480:
3395:Hawaiian guitar
3368:
3359:
3342:
3336:
3298:Wayback Machine
3270:
3265:
3264:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3145:. p. 165.
3136:
3135:
3131:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3097:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3023:
3019:
3006:
3002:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2972:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2909:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2825:David Nobahkt:
2824:
2815:
2808:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2719:Tony Fletcher:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2629:
2625:
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2605:
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2588:
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2428:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2390:, 6 March 2006.
2381:
2377:
2370:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2282:"Orange Sector"
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2208:
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2118:
2116:
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2085:
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2074:
2070:
2057:
2053:
2040:
2036:
2023:
2019:
2011:Andi Harriman:
2010:
2006:
1993:
1989:
1976:
1972:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1902:
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1856:
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1803:
1799:
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1780:
1771:
1766:
1748:
1744:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1707:
1701:Wayback Machine
1688:
1684:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1634:on 21 June 2015
1628:www.youtube.com
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1574:Wayback Machine
1561:
1557:
1548:
1547:
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1526:
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1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1114:
1086:, Manufacture,
1084:Nine Inch Nails
1024:
992:
986:
981:
946:
943:
896:
890:
882:Fixmer/McCarthy
819:
725:Nine Inch Nails
713:(hardcore) punk
701:Pouppée Fabrikk
693:Revolting Cocks
681:
637:Portion Control
600:by Die Krupps;
578:Alle gegen alle
557:, ARP Odyssey,
535:
515:Tangerine Dream
507:Giorgio Moroder
490:
487:
460:Tangerine Dream
408:
403:
359:
357:Characteristics
336:
330:
311:The Man-Machine
286:
188:
184:industrial rock
165:
106:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5762:
5760:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5714:1980s in music
5711:
5701:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
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5645:
5644:
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5641:
5636:
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5619:
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5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5434:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5328:Adaptive music
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5216:Plunderphonics
5208:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5127:
5122:
5116:
5114:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5020:
5018:Tropical house
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4991:Riddim (genre)
4988:
4978:
4973:
4971:Outsider house
4968:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4872:Brazilian bass
4869:
4864:
4862:Big room house
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4811:Vocaloid music
4808:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4661:Hypnagogic pop
4658:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4375:Minimal techno
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:Drill 'n' bass
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4299:Lento violento
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Belgian techno
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4050:Toytown techno
4047:
4045:Happy hardcore
4042:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4015:Baltimore club
4012:
4007:
4005:Ambient techno
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3977:Detroit techno
3974:
3969:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3752:New jack swing
3744:
3743:
3742:
3740:Florida breaks
3732:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3431:
3429:Computer music
3426:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3390:Electric blues
3381:
3379:
3372:
3361:
3360:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3268:External links
3266:
3263:
3262:
3252:David Jarman:
3245:
3213:
3188:
3158:
3151:
3129:
3106:
3095:
3063:
3038:
3036:, p. 198.
3017:
3007:David Jarman:
3000:
2990:David Jarman:
2983:
2970:
2957:
2924:
2900:
2871:
2848:
2839:
2837:, p. 166.
2813:
2806:
2779:
2777:, p. 140.
2758:
2751:
2729:
2709:
2702:
2678:
2664:
2644:
2642:, p. 124.
2623:
2616:
2598:
2581:
2565:
2540:
2527:
2501:
2485:
2464:
2438:
2415:
2392:
2375:
2368:
2348:
2323:
2298:
2273:
2248:
2236:
2219:
2202:
2185:
2168:
2151:
2134:
2110:
2093:
2068:
2051:
2034:
2017:
2004:
1987:
1970:
1968:, p. 153.
1949:
1942:
1917:
1905:
1901:, p. 270.
1885:Judith Platz:
1878:
1850:
1846:, p. 135.
1834:Ulrich Adelt:
1827:
1809:
1797:
1793:, p. 165.
1769:
1765:, p. 271.
1749:Judith Platz:
1742:
1721:
1705:
1682:
1662:
1645:
1615:
1601:
1578:
1555:
1541:
1539:, p. 108.
1527:Kate Stevens:
1520:
1493:
1480:
1460:
1430:
1417:
1404:
1397:
1350:
1343:
1337:. Bloomsbury.
1320:
1318:, p. 181.
1306:Ulrich Adelt:
1296:
1265:
1244:
1221:
1193:
1178:
1164:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1062:, Nitzer Ebb,
1023:
1020:
988:Main article:
985:
982:
980:
977:
941:
889:
886:
818:
815:
758:Energy Rekords
680:
677:
673:Signal Aout 42
665:A Split-Second
632:by Front 242.
534:
531:
485:
407:
404:
402:
399:
368:4/4 disco beat
358:
355:
328:
285:
282:
240:Western Europe
211:
210:
209:
208:
203:
195:
194:
190:
189:
187:
186:
181:
175:
172:
171:
167:
166:
164:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
122:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5761:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:Initial scene
5466:
5462:
5455:
5450:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:Sound collage
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5266:Celtic fusion
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5177:Circuit party
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:Jungle terror
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Future garage
4637:
4635:
4634:Electronicore
4632:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4612:Electro house
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Dancehall pop
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4525:UK hard house
4523:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4392:Electro swing
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Bouncy techno
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Dungeon synth
4198:
4196:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4126:Drum and bass
4124:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Bristol sound
4107:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3984:Tracker music
3982:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:Balearic beat
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
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3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Reggae fusion
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
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3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:New-age music
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3476:Space age pop
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
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3459:
3457:
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3445:
3442:
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3436:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
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3422:
3418:
3417:Western swing
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3403:
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3393:
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3387:
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3304:
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3271:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3234:on 2 May 2012
3233:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3189:
3176:
3175:Spin Magazine
3172:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3116:Spin Magazine
3110:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3096:0-306-81271-1
3092:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3075:Jim DeRogatis
3070:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3034:0-87930-628-9
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2945:
2944:
2943:Spin Magazine
2939:
2937:
2928:
2925:
2922:, p. 59.
2921:
2920:88-09-02523-7
2917:
2913:
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2901:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2868:0-06-096928-8
2865:
2861:
2855:
2853:
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2843:
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2836:
2835:0-946719-71-3
2832:
2828:
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2818:
2814:
2809:
2807:9781573444057
2803:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2775:0-7432-0120-5
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2725:SPIN magazine
2722:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2705:
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2695:
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2657:
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2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:9783825806606
2637:
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2619:
2617:1-85242-199-1
2613:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2594:
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2568:
2566:9780199832606
2562:
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2511:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2481:9781351850322
2478:
2475:, Routledge,
2474:
2468:
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2442:
2439:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2403:
2396:
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2369:9781501326103
2365:
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2240:
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2203:
2199:
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2135:
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2127:
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2107:
2103:
2097:
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2078:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1943:9783518464649
1939:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1899:3-531-14353-0
1896:
1892:
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1879:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1844:0-472-05319-1
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:Nike Breyer:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1763:3-531-14353-0
1760:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1738:9783801705817
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
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1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:(2004-06-20)
1686:
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1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
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1602:9781783237760
1598:
1594:
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1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:(2007-11-25)
1559:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:1-440-50646-9
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1516:, p. 11.
1515:
1514:3-283-00290-8
1511:
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1497:
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1481:
1478:
1477:3-931-12600-5
1474:
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1456:3-476-02677-9
1453:
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1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:Eva Fischer:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1398:9781501326103
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1340:
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1316:0-472-05319-1
1313:
1309:
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1261:9789020948714
1258:
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1234:
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1217:0-312-30696-2
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1165:9780814337127
1161:
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1131:
1129:
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1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:Spin Magazine
1101:
1097:
1096:Leæther Strip
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
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1029:
1021:
1019:
1017:
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1005:
1001:
997:
991:
983:
978:
976:
974:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:transhumanist
940:
938:
934:
925:
921:
917:
915:
910:
906:
902:
895:
887:
885:
883:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
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852:
847:
843:
839:
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827:
823:
816:
814:
812:
808:
807:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
778:Orange Sector
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:, the German
747:
746:Antler-Subway
743:
739:
734:
732:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:Cat Rapes Dog
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
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646:
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631:
627:
626:
621:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:
593:
589:
585:
584:
583:Der Mussolini
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:Roland SH-101
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
530:
528:
527:punk movement
524:
523:electro-disco
520:
519:Klaus Schulze
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
484:
482:
472:
467:
463:
461:
457:
456:Berlin school
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
405:
400:
398:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:, (featuring
373:
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365:
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354:
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346:
342:
334:
327:
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315:
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221:
217:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
196:
191:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:Fusion genres
168:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
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144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
103:
100:
98:
97:electro-disco
95:
93:
92:Berlin school
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5520:
5511:Dark ambient
5378:Drum machine
5288:Doujin music
5276:Lounge music
5233:Street dance
5187:EDM festival
5140:Sound system
5106:Other topics
4981:Post-dubstep
4934:Lofi hip hop
4909:Future house
4735:Reductionism
4703:Nintendocore
4627:Fidget house
4578:Coupé-décalé
4518:Speed garage
4333:Indietronica
4237:Ghetto house
4215:French house
4205:Electroclash
4161:Ragga jungle
4072:Dark electro
3972:Bleep techno
3952:Sophisti-pop
3890:Jersey sound
3803:Funk carioca
3785:
3759:Dark ambient
3663:Minimal wave
3354:
3348:
3253:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3232:the original
3225:
3216:
3197:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3174:
3138:
3132:
3115:
3109:
3100:
3080:
3047:
3041:
3025:
3020:
3008:
3003:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2965:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2941:
2938:, Wax Trax!"
2935:
2927:
2911:
2891:. Retrieved
2884:
2874:
2859:
2842:
2826:
2792:
2782:
2766:
2761:
2738:
2732:
2720:
2688:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2654:
2647:
2631:
2626:
2607:
2601:
2591:
2584:
2554:
2535:
2534:Timor Kaul:
2530:
2508:
2504:
2488:
2472:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:the original
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2395:
2387:
2378:
2358:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2335:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2260:
2257:"Scapa Flow"
2251:
2239:
2222:
2205:
2188:
2171:
2154:
2137:
2123:
2113:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2054:
2037:
2020:
2007:
1990:
1973:
1957:
1952:
1933:
1908:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1863:
1853:
1835:
1830:
1821:
1800:
1782:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1691:Monsoon, Jon
1690:
1685:
1674:
1665:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:the original
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1591:
1563:
1558:
1544:
1528:
1523:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1488:
1483:
1468:
1463:
1447:
1443:
1442:Timor Kaul:
1425:
1424:Timor Kaul:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1387:
1333:
1307:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:
1252:
1247:
1232:
1207:. New York:
1204:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1154:
1147:
1103:
1068:Skinny Puppy
1051:
1049:
1038:
1031:
1025:
1004:Skinny Puppy
993:
970:
948:
930:
923:
897:
878:
874:Black Strobe
870:Green Velvet
858:electroclash
855:
842:Tyske Ludder
838:Ionic Vision
835:
804:
803:. The album
790:
735:
728:
717:thrash metal
697:Schnitt Acht
682:
649:Vomito Negro
634:
629:
623:
619:Body to Body
617:
609:
605:
601:
595:
591:
587:
581:
577:
573:
571:
536:
511:Donna Summer
492:
477:
436:Killing Joke
409:
394:
392:
360:
348:
344:
338:
317:
309:
289:
287:
275:
260:
256:command-like
219:
215:
214:
193:Other topics
141:dark electro
29:
5587:Power noise
5572:Harsh noise
5556:Witch house
5490:Psychick TV
5388:Synthesizer
5293:Lo-fi music
5238:House dance
5221:Rare groove
5145:Turntablism
5130:Disc jockey
5078:Drift phonk
4959:Moombahsoul
4954:Moombahcore
4914:Future soul
4897:Future bass
4892:Funktronica
4877:Bro-country
4816:Witch house
4784:Tecno brega
4678:Jersey club
4622:Dutch house
4476:Progressive
4414:Power noise
4360:Livetronica
4210:Folktronica
4186:Liquid funk
4176:Intelligent
4171:Atmospheric
4062:Changa tuki
4057:Broken beat
4000:Ambient dub
3967:Acid techno
3957:Synth-metal
3818:Tecnocumbia
3730:Ambient pop
3685:Italo disco
3604:Electropunk
3582:Space disco
3554:Space music
3547:Sampledelia
3356:Electronica
3238:6 September
3173:. Singles.
2912:Electronica
1487:Dan Sicko,
1100:Spahn Ranch
1041:pile-driver
801:electronica
797:heavy metal
709:Soft Ballet
559:Emulator II
503:I Feel Love
388:syncopation
294:Ralf HĂĽtter
252:dance music
236:dance music
52:Other names
27:Music genre
5703:Categories
5361:Drum break
5308:Rave music
5298:Madchester
5261:Bass music
5243:Rave dance
5192:Free party
5157:Microgenre
5028:Hardvapour
4966:Mumble rap
4949:Moombahton
4939:Mahraganat
4867:Black MIDI
4777:Sovietwave
4752:Russ music
4683:Juke house
4656:Hauntology
4617:Complextro
4605:Reggaestep
4370:Microhouse
4365:Merenhouse
4284:Frenchcore
4279:Free tekno
4247:Ghettotech
4195:Dub techno
4092:Diva house
4087:Disco polo
4077:Denpa song
4020:Bhangragga
3932:Miami bass
3823:Turbo-folk
3793:Electropop
3764:Dubtronica
3680:Dance-rock
3675:Dance-punk
3670:Post-disco
3631:Industrial
3609:Euro disco
3559:Space rock
3449:Tape music
3339:Electronic
3152:0826482171
2893:24 October
2703:1568981597
2575:1147729910
2427:. allmusic
2404:. allmusic
2307:"Paranoid"
1654:D.A.F. bio
1139:References
1047:imagery".
1033:rivetheads
933:Test Dept.
914:face value
888:Aesthetics
862:The Hacker
830:Oberhausen
774:Scapa Flow
772:, Insekt,
750:Zoth Ommog
738:club scene
669:The Klinik
661:Ă ;GRUMH...
592:Goldfinger
551:Korg MS-20
543:Die Krupps
499:Fad Gadget
448:Test Dept.
432:Die Krupps
420:The Normal
416:industrial
406:Precursors
350:No Comment
345:body music
333:Die Krupps
320:Nitzer Ebb
278:rivetheads
232:synth-punk
156:goa trance
72:synth-punk
67:Industrial
5724:Post-punk
5668:Rivethead
5577:Japanoise
5531:Japanoise
5526:Futurepop
5162:Nightclub
5125:Club drug
5120:Beat drop
5023:Vaporwave
4998:Rara tech
4887:Dreampunk
4842:Afroswing
4826:Wonky pop
4772:Synthwave
4740:Lowercase
4698:Nightcore
4688:Jumpstyle
4666:Chillwave
4588:Crunkcore
4573:Cloud rap
4553:Afrobeats
4513:Breakstep
4503:UK garage
4491:Uplifting
4429:Reggaeton
4409:Post-rock
4355:Kidandali
4316:Speedcore
4294:Hardstyle
4274:Breakcore
4232:Futurepop
4144:Neurofunk
4104:Downtempo
3895:Hip house
3835:Eurodance
3774:Freestyle
3735:Breakbeat
3713:Acid jazz
3697:Synth-pop
3658:Dark wave
3653:Cold wave
3643:Japanoise
3599:Dancehall
3517:Krautrock
3512:Jazz-funk
3208:0890-0795
3181:21 August
3124:0886-3032
3102:Ministry.
3058:1074-6978
2950:21 August
2940:. Spins.
2524:McFarland
2510:Rammstein
1624:"YouTube"
1564:Klein, MJ
1171:10 August
1098:or early
1076:Front 242
1060:Clock DVA
1045:cyberpunk
1016:aggrotech
955:cyberpunk
905:Socialist
894:Rivethead
851:futurepop
754:Wax Trax!
679:1988–1993
653:Borghesia
547:Front 242
533:1981–1987
452:krautrock
450:but also
412:post-punk
376:kick drum
372:backbeats
339:In 1981,
324:Front 242
298:Kraftwerk
288:The term
284:Etymology
263:post-punk
206:rivethead
201:cyberpunk
161:futurepop
87:krautrock
82:synth-pop
77:post-punk
46:Front 242
5632:Nu metal
5546:New beat
5415:Waveform
5211:Sampling
5197:Teknival
5050:Hardwave
5033:Mallsoft
5013:EDM trap
5008:Shamstep
4919:Hyperpop
4852:Amapiano
4847:Algorave
4804:Funkstep
4799:UK funky
4745:Onkyokei
4723:New rave
4558:Bassline
4535:Hard NRG
4530:Hardbass
4466:Hands Up
4451:Balearic
4399:Nu metal
4380:Schaffel
4328:Illbient
4259:Hardcore
4242:Footwork
4220:Nu disco
4181:Jazzstep
4149:Techstep
4139:Hardstep
4134:Darkstep
4119:Trip hop
4114:Psybient
4040:Darkcore
4025:Big beat
3937:New beat
3830:Eurobeat
3648:New wave
3594:Chiptune
3424:Biomusic
3294:Archived
3227:AllMusic
3077:(2003).
2934:"KMFDM,
2790:(2010).
2671:6 August
2384:Spetsnaz
2232:AllMusic
2215:AllMusic
2198:AllMusic
2181:AllMusic
2164:AllMusic
2147:AllMusic
2130:AllMusic
2106:AllMusic
2064:AllMusic
2047:AllMusic
2030:AllMusic
2000:AllMusic
1983:AllMusic
1697:Archived
1658:AllMusic
1608:6 August
1570:Archived
1211:, 2004,
1112:See also
1088:Yeht Mae
1080:Ministry
972:machismo
942:—
901:swastika
846:Spetsnaz
826:Spetsnaz
782:Paranoid
770:Bigod 20
733:(1989).
689:Ministry
586:by DAF;
569:models.
563:Oberheim
486:—
329:—
267:new wave
246:and the
151:hardcore
136:big beat
126:New beat
5662:neofolk
5648:Related
5551:No wave
5541:Neofolk
5383:Sampler
5113:Culture
5003:Seapunk
4986:Brostep
4794:UK bass
4757:Sambass
4730:Rabòday
4649:Grindie
4600:Dubstep
4387:Nu jazz
4097:Hardbag
3865:Chicago
3855:Ambient
3769:Electro
3619:Hip hop
3492:Ambient
3287:, DJMag
2522:(2013,
2336:Discogs
2311:Discogs
2286:Discogs
2261:Discogs
2081:Discogs
1871:29 July
1679:. 1984.
1676:Discogs
909:Fascist
866:DJ Hell
832:, 2015.
817:Revival
762:And One
424:Suicide
401:History
5313:Reggae
5254:Genres
5226:Riddim
5152:Mashup
5135:DJ mix
4857:Azonto
4789:Trival
4767:Skweee
4708:Nortec
4671:Glo-fi
4563:Budots
4508:2-step
4441:Trance
4434:Dembow
4424:Psydub
4311:Mákina
4306:J-core
4289:Gabber
4254:Glitch
4227:Funkot
4167:Light
4156:Jungle
4130:Heavy
4030:Bitpop
3962:Techno
3910:Tribal
3875:Garage
3813:Kwaito
3808:Kuduro
3614:Hi-NRG
3589:Boogie
3365:Genres
3206:
3149:
3122:
3093:
3056:
3052:(57).
3032:
2918:
2866:
2833:
2804:
2773:
2749:
2700:
2662:
2638:
2614:
2573:
2563:
2518:
2479:
2457:19 May
2431:19 May
2408:19 May
2366:
2341:5 July
2316:5 July
2291:5 July
2266:5 July
2244:Insekt
2126:review
2124:Twitch
2119:
2086:5 July
1964:
1940:
1897:
1842:
1789:
1761:
1736:
1638:5 July
1599:
1535:
1512:
1475:
1454:
1395:
1341:
1314:
1289:11 May
1259:
1239:
1215:
1162:
844:, and
784:, and
671:, and
616:, and
567:Yamaha
384:hi-hat
364:growls
302:Sounds
146:techno
5565:Noise
5339:Tools
5283:Disco
5206:Remix
5066:2020s
4976:Plugg
4835:2010s
4821:Wonky
4713:Phonk
4644:Grime
4583:Crunk
4546:2000s
4496:Vocal
4456:Dream
3993:1990s
3947:Ragga
3900:Latin
3885:Italo
3880:Funky
3845:House
3840:Grebo
3723:Baggy
3706:1980s
3570:1970s
3497:Drone
3485:1960s
3466:Noise
3378:Early
2936:Money
1064:KMFDM
719:(cf.
625:U-Men
505:" by
380:snare
5400:MIDI
5366:List
5346:Bass
5182:Doof
5167:Rave
5093:Rage
5045:Wave
4924:Gqom
4486:Tech
4471:Hard
4446:Acid
3905:Tech
3870:Deep
3850:Acid
3405:Rock
3400:JĂąjĂş
3240:2012
3204:ISSN
3183:2018
3147:ISBN
3120:ISSN
3091:ISBN
3054:ISSN
3030:ISBN
2952:2018
2916:ISBN
2895:2017
2886:Spin
2864:ISBN
2831:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2771:ISBN
2747:ISBN
2698:ISBN
2673:2020
2660:ISBN
2636:ISBN
2612:ISBN
2571:OCLC
2561:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2477:ISBN
2459:2010
2433:2010
2410:2010
2364:ISBN
2343:2017
2318:2017
2293:2017
2268:2017
2117:"...
2088:2017
1962:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1873:2018
1840:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1640:2017
1610:2020
1597:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1504:In:
1473:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1291:2019
1284:FACT
1257:ISBN
1237:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1173:2020
1160:ISBN
1010:and
1008:Numb
935:and
907:and
799:and
793:rock
744:and
715:and
628:and
608:and
594:and
580:and
565:and
517:and
509:and
497:and
454:and
446:and
382:and
322:and
306:WKSU
271:pogo
244:punk
230:and
5659:cf.
4481:Psy
4461:Goa
3502:Dub
3199:CMJ
3049:CMJ
2798:236
2230:at
2213:at
2196:at
2179:at
2162:at
2145:at
2128:at
2104:at
2062:at
2045:at
2028:at
1998:at
1981:at
1656:at
1018:."
961:of
953:or
916:."
723:).
612:by
539:DAF
471:DAF
428:DAF
341:DAF
273:).
220:EBM
35:EBM
5705::
3367:by
3353:·
3256:,
3224:.
3161:^
3141:.
3099:.
3089:.
3087:95
3066:^
3011:,
2994:,
2903:^
2883:.
2851:^
2816:^
2800:.
2741:.
2723:,
2712:^
2696:.
2694:54
2569:.
2543:^
2386:,
2334:.
2309:.
2284:.
2259:.
2079:.
1920:^
1862:.
1812:^
1772:^
1708:^
1673:.
1626:.
1581:^
1433:^
1353:^
1323:^
1299:^
1282:.
1268:^
1224:^
1203:.
1094:,
1090:,
1082:,
1078:,
1074:,
1070:,
1066:,
1058:,
1036:.
1006:,
884:.
872:,
868:,
864:,
840:,
795:,
788:.
780:,
776:,
768:,
764:,
703:,
695:,
691:,
675:.
667:,
663:,
659:,
655:,
651:,
622:,
604:,
590:,
576:,
553:,
541:,
529:.
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
426:,
422:,
414:,
397:.
390:.
378:,
353:.
280:.
5664:)
5657:(
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5446:t
5439:v
3331:e
3324:t
3317:v
3242:.
3210:.
3155:.
3126:.
3060:.
2897:.
2755:.
2706:.
2675:.
2620:.
2461:.
2435:.
2412:.
2372:.
2345:.
2320:.
2295:.
2270:.
2090:.
1946:.
1875:.
1642:.
1612:.
1401:.
1347:.
1293:.
1219:.
1175:.
218:(
20:)
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