82:
draws the liquid up into the tip. The instrument is then moved to the desired dispensing location. The plunger is again depressed to the first stop, and then to the second stop, or 'blowout', position. This action will fully evacuate the tip and dispense the liquid. In an adjustable pipette, the volume of liquid contained in the tip is variable; it can be changed via a dial or other mechanism, depending on the model. Some pipettes include a small window which displays the currently selected volume. The plastic pipette tips are designed for aqueous solutions, and are not recommended for use with organic solvents that may dissolve the plastics of the tips or even the pipettes.
514:
572:
636:
recommended for extremely low-volume pipette calibration, in the 2 microliter range, because the inherent uncertainties of the gravimetric method, performed with standard laboratory balances, becomes excessive. Properly calibrated microbalances, capable of reading in the range of micrograms (10 g) can also be used effectively for gravimetric analysis of low-volume micropipettes, but only if environmental conditions are under strict control. Six-place balances and environmental controls dramatically increase the cost of such calibrations.
660:
624:'s GMP/GLP regulations generally benefit from quarterly calibration, or every three months. Critical applications may require monthly service, while research and educational institutions may need only annual service. These are general guidelines and any decision on the appropriate calibration interval should be made carefully and include considerations of the pipette in question (some are more reliable than others), the conditions under which the pipette is used, and the operators who use it.
648:
291:. Depending on the size of the pipette, the user needs specific tip sizes like: 10 μL, 100 μL, 200 μL, 1,000 μL, other non-standard sizes, such as 5,000 μL (5 mL) or 10,000 μL (10 mL). The majority of tips have a color code for easy spotting like natural (colorless) for low volumes (0.1–10 μL), yellow (10–100 μL), or blue (100–1,000 μL). The corresponding pipette has the same
228:
30:
54:
259:
582:
628:
accurate indication of the volume dispensed. Relative humidity, ambient temperature, and barometric pressure are factors in the accuracy of the measurement, and are usually combined in a complex formula and computed as the Z-factor. This Z-factor is then used to modify the raw mass data output of the balance and provide an adjusted and more accurate measurement.
568:
are avoided. The lock mechanism is typically a mechanical toggle close to the pipette setting controls that interferes with the setting mechanism to prevent movement. Some pipettes, however, feature dials for setting the individual volume digits that can only be adjusted when unlocked by depressing and twisting the plunger.
567:
Some air displacement pipettes can additionally feature a locking mechanism (referred to as "locking pipettes") to allow better changing of volume yet preserving accuracy. By locking the set volume while performing several identical pipetting actions, accidental changes to the pipette volume setting
70:
displacement. A vacuum is generated by the vertical travel of a metallic or ceramic piston within an airtight sleeve. The upward movement of the piston, driven by the depression of the plunger, creates a vacuum in the space left vacant by the piston. To fill the vacuum, air from the tip rises, which
558:
Repeaters are specialized pipettes, optimized for repeated working steps like dispensing several times a specific volume like 20 μL from a single aspiration of a larger volume. In general, they have specific tips which do not fit on normal pipettes. Some electronic pipettes are able to perform this
57:
Schematic diagram of an air displacement pipette. The "Digital volume indicator" is a dial display that indicates the digits (i.e. unrelated to electronic). The components vary between brands and different volume sizes have different components, for example the piston in a P2 is needle-like and can
270:
With regard to the volume transferred, the smallest pipette that can handle the required volume should be selected. This is important because accuracy decreases when the set volume is close to the pipette's minimum capacity. For example, if 50 μl are dispensed using a 5,000 μl pipette, the results
81:
The plunger is depressed to both draw up and dispense the liquid. Normal operation consists of depressing the plunger button to the first stop while the pipette is held in the air. The tip is then submerged in the liquid to be transported and the plunger is released in a slow and even manner. This
77:
prevents liquid from coming into contact with the pipette itself. Instead, the liquid is drawn into and dispensed from a disposable pipette tip that is discarded after transferring fluid and a new pipette tip is used for the next transfer. Depressing the tip ejector button removes the tip, that is
627:
Calibration is generally accomplished through means of gravimetric analysis. This entails dispensing samples of distilled water into a receiving vessel perched atop a precision analytical balance. The density of water is a well-known constant, and thus the mass of the dispensed sample provides an
199:
The most common type of pipettes can be set to a certain volume within its operational range and are called adjustable. These pipettes commonly have a label with their volume range like "10–100 μL". These limits are indeed the limits as overwinding these limits would result in damage of the
635:
is used to measure the color difference before and after aspiration of the sample, providing a very accurate reading. This method is more expensive than the more common gravimetric method, given the cost of the colored reagents, and is recommended when optimal accuracy is required. It is also
607:
and volatile liquids tend to emit vapors which ascend into the pipette shaft even under proper operating conditions and may corrode the metal piston and springs, or the seals and o-rings that provide an air-tight seal between the piston and the surrounding
309:
In general, all tips are stored in 8 × 12 boxes for 96 pieces in an upright position. The spacing of tips in these boxes is usually standardised for multichannel pipette compatibility from a number of different suppliers.
266:
For optimal usage, every pipette supplier offers a broad range of different capacities. A small volume range of a pipette like 10–100 μL results in a much higher accuracy than a broad range from 0.1–1,000 μL per pipette.
615:
The accuracy required by the instrument. Applications requiring maximum accuracy also demand more frequent calibration. Instruments used for purely research applications or in educational settings generally require less frequent
45:, which are tools to handle volumes of liquid in the microliter scale. They are more commonly used in biology and biochemistry, and less commonly in chemistry; the equipment is susceptible to damage from many organic solvents.
78:
cast off without being handled by the operator and disposed of safely in an appropriate container. This also prevents contamination of or damage to the calibrated measurement mechanism by the substances being measured.
611:
Proper and careful handling. Pipettes that are frequently dropped, are subjected to careless handling or horseplay, or that are not properly stored in a vertical position, will tend to degrade in accuracy over
505:
Depending on the number of pistons in a pipette, there is a differentiation between single-channel pipettes and multi-channel pipettes. For manual high-throughput applications like filling up a 96-well
828:
510:
most researchers prefer a multi-channel pipette. Instead of handling well by well, a row of 8 wells can be handled in parallel as this type of pipette has 8 pistons in parallel.
768:
542:. Whereas manual pipettes need a movement of the thumb (up to 3 cm), electronic pipettes have a main button. The programming of the pipette is generally done by a control
192:
Micropipettes can take a minimum volume of 0.2 μL and maximum volume of 10,000 μL (10 mL). They thus are used for smaller-scale transfers than equipment such as
695:
200:
pipetting system. The fixed volume pipette cannot be changed. As there are less moving parts, the mechanism is less complex, resulting in more accurate volume measurement.
620:
Under average conditions, most pipettes can be calibrated semi-annually (every six months) and provide satisfactory performance. Institutions that are regulated by the
2328:
731:
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To improve the ergonomics of pipettes by reducing the necessary force, electronic pipettes were developed. The manual movement of the piston is replaced by a small
981:
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2189:
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600:
The skill and training of the operators. Skilled operators tend to operate the instrument more correctly and make fewer accuracy-robbing mistakes.
526:
Some manufacturers offer adjustable tip spacing pipettes. These allow to transfer multiple samples in parallel between different labware formats.
1825:
58:
be separated with ease from the piston assembly whereas in a P10ML it is drum-like and over 1 cm in diameter and is enclosed in plastic.
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204:
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The colorimetric method uses precise concentrations of colored water to affect the measurement and determine the volume dispensed. A
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is then replaced by the liquid that is drawn up into the tip and thus available for transport and dispensing elsewhere.
546:
and some further buttons. All settings are displayed on a small display. Electronic pipettes can decrease the risk of
882:
271:
will be rather poor. Using a 300 μl pipette will give better results, whereas using a 50 μl pipette would be ideal.
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211:) enhanced the fixed-volume pipette, developing the pipette with a variable volume. Warren Gilson founded
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For special applications, there are filter-tips available. These tips have a little piece of
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Adjustable tip spacing pipette transferring samples from a 384 well plate to a 96 well plate
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For sustained accuracy and consistent and repeatable operation, pipettes should be
42:
17:
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For the pipetting process there are two components necessary: The pipette and
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497:, depending on the shape of the contact point of the pipettes and the tip.
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at periodic intervals. These intervals vary depending on several factors:
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821:"Are you using the right type of micropipette? [How-to]"
299:
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1960:
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1001:
963:
797:. The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.
575:
Volume dials on EVOLVE manual pipette from INTEGRA Biosciences
262:
Three air-displacement pipettes that handle different volumes.
222:
67:
117:
Several different type of air displacement pipettes exist:
287:-made tools for single-use. In general, they are made of
913:
University of
Pittsburgh Environmental Health and Safety
239:
883:"Danger: You Might be Pipetting Yourself Out of a Job"
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196:, which come in 5, 10, 25 and 50 mL volumes.
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302:plastic in the upper conus to prevent sample
8:
1935:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument
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1970:
1957:
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1437:
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998:
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721:"Volumetric Measurement in the Laboratory"
501:Single-channel and multi-channel pipettes
2300:Instruments used in medical laboratories
1816:Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device
676:
643:
2329:Molecular biology laboratory equipment
1864:Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
934:"EVOLVE Well Balanced Manual Pipettes"
801:from the original on 26 December 2009
603:The liquid dispensed by the pipette.
106:Attachment point for a disposable tip
7:
851:"Ergonomic benefits of LTS pipettes"
737:from the original on 11 October 2016
489:Two major tip systems exist, called
831:from the original on 10 August 2022
774:from the original on 20 August 2016
665:Different volumes of micropipettes.
314:Commonly available pipette volumes
1859:Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
701:from the original on 4 August 2016
25:
856:. 28 January 2002. Archived from
1904:Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)
1714:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
944:from the original on 4 July 2017
658:
646:
580:
226:
522:Adjustable tip spacing pipettes
477:
401:
382:
205:University of Wisconsin–Madison
203:In 1972, several people of the
653:Oxford Single-Channel Pipettes
559:function using standard tips.
458:
420:
344:
1:
622:Food and Drug Administration
439:
86:Main parts of a micropipette
758:"How to Use a Micropipette"
363:
306:contaminating the pipette.
2350:
295:, printed on the pipette.
207:(mainly Warren Gilson and
188:Adjustable or fixed volume
62:These pipettes operate by
2297:
2165:
2148:
2137:
2059:Time-domain reflectometer
1969:
1956:
1826:Liquid chromatograph (LC)
1789:
1776:
1449:
1436:
1008:
997:
793:Zinnen, Tom (June 2004).
327:
215:based on this invention.
39:air displacement pipettes
795:"The Micropipette Story"
100:Digital volume indicator
1894:Melting-point apparatus
1275:Cryogenic storage dewar
909:"Ergonomics: Pipetting"
2334:Volumetric instruments
2324:Microbiology equipment
1831:Mass spectrometer (MS)
1821:Gas chromatograph (GC)
685:"Use of Micropipettes"
576:
518:
263:
150:adjustable tip spacing
97:Volume adjustment dial
59:
34:
33:Micropipette in action
2206:Acid-resistant gloves
1887:differential scanning
574:
516:
261:
56:
32:
2319:Laboratory equipment
1783:Analytical chemistry
1285:Laminar flow cabinet
991:Laboratory equipment
2155:Personal protective
1064:Meker–Fisher burner
938:INTEGRA Biosciences
863:on 30 November 2010
827:. 18 January 2018.
825:INTEGRA Biosciences
530:Electronic pipettes
315:
283:tips. The tips are
18:Electronic pipettes
1998:Function generator
1981:Bench power supply
1920:Analytical balance
1681:Ostwald viscometer
1676:Graduated cylinder
1415:Inoculation needle
940:. 4 October 2016.
889:. 23 November 2011
577:
519:
313:
264:
238:. You can help by
194:graduated pipettes
94:Tip ejector button
60:
35:
2306:
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2266:Fire extinguisher
2256:Biosafety cabinet
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2128:
2064:Transistor tester
2054:Spectrum analyzer
1952:
1951:
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1644:Measuring devices
1466:Soxhlet extractor
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1431:
1428:
1427:
1380:Spectrophotometer
1375:Pipeclay triangle
1127:Mortar and pestle
640:Additional images
633:spectrophotometer
563:Locking mechanism
487:
486:
325:Max. volume (μL)
322:Min. volume (μL)
256:
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75:Sterile technique
16:(Redirected from
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2044:Network analyzer
1971:
1958:
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1420:Inoculation loop
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1230:Test tube holder
1122:Magnetic stirrer
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692:buffalostate.edu
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550:-type injuries.
508:microtiter plate
328:Color on Gilson
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159:cylindrical tips
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2157:equipment (PPE)
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2008:Pulse generator
1974:Control devices
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1874:Thermochemistry
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1656:Conical measure
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1245:Lab drying rack
1204:Extension clamp
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2226:Nitrile gloves
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2221:Medical gloves
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986:
979:
972:
964:
956:
955:
925:
900:
874:
842:
812:
785:
756:Henry, Kelli.
748:
712:
675:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
657:
655:
652:
645:
641:
638:
618:
617:
613:
609:
601:
589:
586:
564:
561:
555:
552:
536:electric motor
531:
528:
523:
520:
502:
499:
485:
484:
481:
478:
476:
473:
470:
466:
465:
462:
459:
457:
454:
451:
447:
446:
443:
440:
438:
435:
432:
428:
427:
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419:
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409:
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402:
400:
397:
394:
390:
389:
386:
383:
381:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
364:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
345:
343:
340:
337:
333:
332:
331:tip size (μL)
329:
326:
323:
320:
276:
273:
254:
253:
233:
231:
220:
217:
189:
186:
185:
184:
179:
170:
161:
152:
147:
137:Single-channel
134:
128:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:Plunger button
87:
84:
50:
47:
41:are a type of
37:Piston-driven
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2346:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2296:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2190:Safety shower
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2100:Wire stripper
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Spiral plater
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:Compositional
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
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1511:
1508:
1506:
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1502:
1500:
1498:
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1484:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:Balance brush
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:Weighing dish
1311:
1309:Weighing boat
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1200:Burette clamp
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:Bunsen burner
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1000:
996:
992:
985:
980:
978:
973:
971:
966:
965:
962:
943:
939:
935:
929:
926:
914:
910:
904:
901:
888:
884:
878:
875:
859:
852:
846:
843:
830:
826:
822:
816:
813:
800:
796:
789:
786:
770:
766:
765:mcdb.ucla.edu
759:
752:
749:
733:
729:
722:
716:
713:
697:
693:
686:
680:
677:
670:
661:
656:
649:
644:
639:
637:
634:
629:
625:
623:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
598:
597:
595:
587:
585:
583:
573:
569:
562:
560:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
538:powered by a
537:
529:
527:
521:
515:
511:
509:
500:
498:
496:
492:
482:
479:
474:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
455:
452:
449:
448:
444:
441:
436:
433:
430:
429:
425:
422:
417:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
398:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
379:
376:
373:
372:
368:
365:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
341:
338:
335:
334:
330:
324:
321:
318:
317:
311:
307:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
289:Polypropylene
286:
282:
274:
272:
268:
260:
250:
247:December 2009
241:
237:
234:This section
232:
229:
225:
224:
218:
216:
214:
210:
206:
201:
197:
195:
187:
183:
180:
178:
174:
171:
169:
165:
162:
160:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
142:
141:multi-channel
138:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
112:
110:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
85:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
55:
48:
46:
44:
40:
31:
27:
19:
2261:Fire blanket
2199:Eye and hand
2185:Rubber apron
2049:Oscilloscope
2013:Potentiostat
1940:Plate reader
1836:pH indicator
1806:CHN analyzer
1801:AutoAnalyzer
1594:Round-bottom
1487:Boston round
1350:Filter paper
1305:Refrigerator
1222:Retort stand
1190:Clamp holder
1186:Beaker clamp
1152:Vortex mixer
1147:Stirring rod
1142:Static mixer
1072:Teclu burner
946:. Retrieved
937:
928:
916:. Retrieved
912:
903:
891:. Retrieved
886:
877:
867:15 September
865:. Retrieved
858:the original
845:
833:. Retrieved
824:
815:
803:. Retrieved
788:
776:. Retrieved
764:
751:
739:. Retrieved
727:
715:
703:. Retrieved
691:
679:
630:
626:
619:
616:calibration.
591:
578:
566:
557:
533:
525:
504:
494:
490:
488:
308:
297:
278:
269:
265:
244:
240:adding to it
235:
202:
198:
191:
182:manufacturer
181:
176:
172:
167:
163:
158:
155:conical tips
154:
149:
144:
140:
136:
130:
125:
121:
116:
109:
80:
73:
61:
43:micropipette
38:
36:
26:
2249:Other items
2175:Face shield
2022:Measurement
2003:Galvanostat
1963:Electronics
1913:Other items
1899:Thermometer
1882:Calorimeter
1811:Colorimeter
1755:Gas syringe
1738:Other items
1666:Eye dropper
1541:Watch glass
1526:Evaporating
1505:Cold finger
1320:Other items
1226:Screw clamp
1218:Pinch clamp
1207:Flask clamp
1157:Wash bottle
1112:Homogenizer
918:29 November
893:29 November
805:14 December
588:Calibration
495:cylindrical
213:Gilson Inc.
209:Henry Lardy
2313:Categories
2180:Respirator
2121:Test probe
2039:Multimeter
1851:Microscopy
1671:Eudiometer
1635:Separatory
1604:Volumetric
1569:Erlenmeyer
1497:Condensers
1461:Dean–Stark
1410:Wire brush
1370:Microscope
1365:Centrifuge
1340:Cork borer
1295:Petri dish
1270:Agar plate
1257:Containers
1240:Wire gauze
1077:Water bath
1039:Desiccator
671:References
594:calibrated
293:color code
281:disposable
177:electronic
122:adjustable
2271:Fume hood
2216:Glove box
2069:Voltmeter
1454:Apparatus
1443:Glassware
1332:Autoclave
1327:Aspirator
1280:Incubator
1214:Iron ring
1137:Sonicator
1107:Chemostat
1049:Hot plate
835:20 August
605:Corrosive
554:Repeaters
453:500/1000
49:Operation
2170:Lab coat
2095:Tweezers
2085:Heat gun
1841:pH meter
1750:Bell jar
1630:Dropping
1584:Florence
1574:Fernbach
1536:Syracuse
1395:Scoopula
1345:Crucible
1054:Lab oven
942:Archived
829:Archived
799:Archived
769:Archived
732:Archived
728:brand.de
696:Archived
304:aerosols
164:standard
145:repeater
66:-driven
2109:General
2029:Ammeter
1729:Thistle
1686:Pipette
1661:Cuvette
1651:Burette
1620:Büchner
1613:Funnels
1599:Schlenk
1579:Fleaker
1559:Büchner
1480:Bottles
1400:Spatula
1390:Stopper
1360:Forceps
1260:Storage
1177:Holders
1097:Shakers
1068:Striker
1016:Heaters
1003:General
948:28 July
778:19 June
705:19 June
608:sleeve.
540:battery
491:conical
469:P10000
461:Purple
423:Yellow
404:Salmon
347:Orange
285:plastic
168:locking
133:handled
2143:Safety
1745:Beaker
1724:Thiele
1709:Cragie
1704:Drying
1625:Hirsch
1589:Retort
1551:Flasks
1519:Dishes
1510:Liebig
1471:Kipp's
1385:Splint
1195:Tripod
1173:Clamps
1169:Stands
1132:Shaker
1094:Mixers
1019:Dryers
741:6 July
483:10000
475:10000
450:P5000
431:P1000
385:Lemon
219:Volume
173:manual
131:volume
113:Models
64:piston
2078:Tools
1696:Tubes
1531:Petri
861:(PDF)
854:(PDF)
772:(PDF)
761:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
724:(PDF)
699:(PDF)
688:(PDF)
612:time.
544:wheel
472:1000
464:5000
456:5000
445:1000
442:Blue
437:1000
412:P200
393:P100
319:Name
126:fixed
103:Shaft
1760:Vial
1719:Test
1355:File
1059:Kiln
950:2021
920:2023
895:2023
869:2009
837:2020
807:2009
780:2016
743:2016
707:2016
480:Sky
434:200
426:200
418:200
407:200
399:100
388:200
374:P20
366:Red
355:P10
339:0.2
300:foam
275:Tips
548:RSI
493:or
415:50
396:20
380:20
369:10
361:10
350:10
336:P2
242:.
175:or
166:or
157:or
143:or
139:or
124:or
68:air
2315::
936:.
911:.
885:.
823:.
767:.
763:.
730:.
726:.
694:.
690:.
377:2
358:1
342:2
983:e
976:t
969:v
952:.
922:.
897:.
871:.
839:.
809:.
782:.
745:.
709:.
249:)
245:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
