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current pathways through and around the cell bodies change as well, leading to a corresponding increase or decrease of impedance. Thus, by recording time-resolved impedance measurements, cell shape changes can be followed in real time with sub-microscopic resolution and can be used for bioanalytic purposes.
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particles so that the impedance increases with increasing coverage of the electrode until a confluent (i.e. continuous) layer of cells is established. In confluent cell layers the measured impedance is mainly determined by the three-dimensional shape of the cells. If cell shape changes occur, the
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as well as chemical, biological or physical stimuli, the ECIS technique is applied in various experimental settings in cell biological research laboratories. It can be used as a
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Wegener, Keese, Giaever: ECIS as a non-invasive means to follow the kinetics of cell spreading on artificial surfaces.
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of the cell-covered electrode is then measured at one or several frequencies as a function of time. Due to the
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activity of adherent cells spread on the electrode surface (micromotion) as well as their
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surfaces. Equipments based on the ECIS technique are also dedicated to monitor the
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As the shape of animal cells responds very sensitively to alterations in
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In ECIS the cells are grown on the surface of small and planar gold-film
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Giaever & Keese: A morphological biosensor for mammalian cells,
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or as a non-invasive means to follow cell adhesion to
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