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that makes its sound by a thin vibrating plate called a lamella or tongue, which is fixed at one end and has the other end free. When the musician depresses the free end of a plate with a finger or fingernail, and then allows the finger to slip off, the released plate vibrates. An instrument may have
201:
In most cases the tongues are divided in two playing halves with the lowest notes in the centre; from there to the left and to the right each tongue is tuned higher than the previous one. The tongues may also be arranged in a linear arrangement in the manner of a
467:
In 1932, Andre
Schaeffner developed a new classification scheme that was "exhaustive, potentially covering all real and conceivable instruments" . Schaeffner's system has only two top-level categories denoted by Roman numerals (Schaeffner, A.:
31:
2124:
1068:...Your left thumb plays all of the double row of keys. Your right thumb plays ONLY the farthest left (longest) 3 keys in the single row. Your right index finger plucks up on the rest of the keys in the single row.
1174:
The thumb piano... many names given to this instrument throughout Africa... In other parts of Africa it is called the kaffir piano, the kasayi, the maduimba, the insimbi, the oopoochawa, the kinsanji, and the
658:
337:
There is a distinct difference between the piezo and the electro-magnetic pickup. Most electric lamellophones feature piezo pickups. The piezo sound contains more treble and has more problems with
2088:
1631:
368:
is a lamellophone with an alternate tine configuration. It is electrified by the addition of a 2-channel stereo piezo cable pickup system. A special solid-body Array mbira exists.
2049:
1106:
1742:
1892:
1458:
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Schaeffner's musical instrument classification scheme has a post-prominent place for the linguaphones (lamellophones) at the second highest level of classification.
394:. These instruments were based on the reeds made by Hohner (already employed in accordions, concertinas, melodicas and harmonicas). These instruments were the
626:
1251:
1435:
1009:
124:. There are two main categories of plucked idiophones, those that are in the form of a frame (121) and those that are in the form of a comb (122).
206:. Tongues may be made small enough to play with individual fingers, hence the colloquial name "thumb piano". (Although some instruments, like the
540:
121.2 Guimbardes and jaw harps - The lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player's mouth cavity for resonance.
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406:(plucked by fingers). The idea of a struck reed tongue had been pioneered by the Alexandre brothers in their "Orgues expressifs" (
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190:. They were reported as early as the 16th century, but there is no doubt they have a much longer history. The Caribbean
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The most usual is a flexible lamella or tongue attached to a frame, plucked by a finger and resonated by a small box.
537:- The lamella is carved in the surface of a fruit shell, which serves as resonator. Also known as galip nut snapper.
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is also of this family. The marímbula can be seen as a bass variant of the mbira and is sometimes used in
701:
made of wood, has five tempered steel reeds, which are dotted to mark a melodic bass in the Buenos Aires
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114:
85:
meaning "tongue", (i.e., a long thin plate that is fixed only at one end). lamellophone comes from the
2065:
346:
315:
1931:
1166:
Musical
Instruments of Africa: Their Nature, Use, and Place in The Life of a Deeply Musical People
668:, played by plucking the ends in front of the oral cavity. The lamellae resonate to produce sound.
1551:
1021:
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66:
210:, have an additional rows of tongues, in which case not just the thumbs are used for plucking.)
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1988:
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121.21 Idioglot guimbardes - The lamella is of one substance with the frame of the instrument.
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IA Solids not susceptibles of tension (equivalent to a big part of
Hornbostel & Sachs
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The lamellae are tied to a board or cut out from a board like the teeth of a comb.
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436:'s Jason Sanford makes electric thumb pianos from scrap in a similar tradition and
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with piezo pickups — a design first conceived in 1981 and finalised in 1996.
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MBIRA: The Non-Profit
Organization Devoted to Traditional Music of Zimbabwe
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221:. However, similar instruments have been found elsewhere; for example, the
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282: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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have been created by contemporary instrument makers. The
African band
1980:
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121.22 Heteroglot guimbardes - The lamella is attached to the frame.
390:
created a series of electric lamellophones created in the 1960s for
349:
produces a wide range of her
Embiras, which are solid body electric
432:
uses custom-built electric kalimbas with electro-magnetic pickups.
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1123:, p.52. Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies. ASIN: B0010S35VW.
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410:) in the 19th century, where they were called percussion stops.
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251:
954:
229:
play wooden and metallic lamellophones with a single tongue.
213:
Some conjecture that
African lamellophones were derived from
636:, Vietnam. Instrument carved from a single piece of bamboo.
2125:
Lists of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
914:(ed. Stanley Sadie). Macmillan Publishers, London, 1981
486:
IB Flexible solids (equivalent to mainly linguaphones);
154:, where they are known under different names including
2089:
List of musical instruments by
Hornbostel–Sachs number
476:
I: instruments that make sound from vibrating solids;
421:), is a famous instance of an electric lamellophone.
310:
Electric lamellophones have been electrified with an
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II: instruments that make sound from vibrating air (
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1105:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1087:. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013
417:, or Frankiphone (designed, built and played by
113:The lamellophones constitute category 12 in the
912:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
133:
1429:
1245:
517:List of idiophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number
150:A large number of lamellophones originate in
74:) or a series of multiple tongues (such as a
8:
526:The lamellae vibrate within a frame or hoop
117:system for classifying musical instruments,
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1022:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.a2093315
991:, p.455. W. W. Nortan & Company, Inc.
828:/Sansa (Equatorial Africa and West Africa)
489:IC Tensionable solids (equivalent to both
232:Lamellophones may be made with or without
1199:Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
569:121.221 Individual heteroglot guimbardes.
298:Learn how and when to remove this message
1147:
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1143:
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455:
934:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
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1121:Sound-producing Instruments in Oceania
1098:
600:121.222 Sets of heteroglot guimbardes.
314:(like on electric guitars) or contact
81:Linguaphone comes from the Latin root
7:
1206: (archived 11 October 2014) and
280:adding citations to reliable sources
361:with piezo pickups - for 20 years.
989:The History of Musical Instruments
470:Origine des instruments de musique
402:(plucked by a rubber pad) and the
25:
2094:Musical instrument classification
794:Kalimba mbira (Southern Rhodesia)
97:for "small metal plate", and the
1226: (archived 17 February 2013)
1172:: John Day Company. p. 47.
657:
641:
625:
256:
186:. They play a role in southeast
800:Shona mbira (Southern Rhodesia)
797:Njara mbira (Southern Rhodesia)
267:needs additional citations for
65:) is a member of the family of
712:122.1 With laced on lamellae.
451:
372:Electro-magnetic lamellophones
1:
1052:"Pointers for Mbira Students"
398:(plucked by a foam pad), the
1008:Thomas, Susan (2011-06-02),
854:122.2 With cut-out lamellae
522:In the form of a frame (121)
424:A range of other mbiras and
357:has been making ekalimbas -
27:Class of musical instruments
2120:African musical instruments
1193:from N. Scott Robinson site
1162:Olatunji, Michael Babatunde
1119:Fischer, Hans (1983/1986).
1016:, Oxford University Press,
674:In the form of a comb (122)
460:Plucked/flexible idiophones
452:Schaeffner's classification
70:a single tongue (such as a
2141:
955:
848:122.11 Without resonator.
514:
333:Piezo pickup lamellophones
143:
2084:
1219:Virtual Instrument Museum
1191:Lamellophone players list
1083:Virtual Instrument Museum
103:
687:Emil Richards Collection
444:bass kalimbas and metal
1921:412.1. Idiophonic/reed
1445:Hornbostel–Sachs system
1213:(accessed 24 May 2020).
1081:""SVH Classification",
971:A Greek–English Lexicon
851:122.12 With resonator.
779:- Caribbean thumb piano
312:electro-magnetic pickup
1941:412.2. Non-idiophonic
1217:"SVH Classification",
1010:"Latin American Music"
910:: "Lamellophone", in:
706:
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472:, pp. 371–377.):
461:
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248:Electric lamellophones
238:electric lamellophones
137:
92:
50:
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18:Electric lamellophones
1160:Warner Dietz, Betty;
962:Liddell, Henry George
696:
685:with 8 tongues (from
681:
511:List of lamellophones
459:
379:
324:
140:African lamellophones
48:
33:
987:Sachs, Curt (1940).
864:Mechanical music box
276:improve this article
110:for "sound, voice".
1936:412.14. Band/Ribbon
1497:112.2. Scraped/rasp
1014:Oxford Music Online
761:Lukembe (Congo and
240:with an additional
67:musical instruments
2070:53. Radioelectric
1927:412.12. Percussive
1924:412.11. Concussive
1918:412. Interruptive
1908:411. Displacement
1261:Plucked idiophones
1210:OnMusic Dictionary
937:A Latin Dictionary
842:Zimbabwean Marimba
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1976:421.1. Non-fipple
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1483:111.2. Percussion
1480:111.1. Concussion
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1372:Without resonator
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1031:978-1-56159-263-0
874:Steel tongue drum
308:
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236:. There are also
16:(Redirected from
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1947:412.21. Whirling
1944:412.21. Rotating
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1533:122.1. Lace (
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1208:"Idiophone",
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1197:"Idiophone",
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1170:New York City
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966:Scott, Robert
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325:The electric
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265:This section
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196:hip hop music
193:
189:
188:African Music
185:
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127:According to
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19:
2045:Electrophone
1954:413. Plosive
1866:322.2. Frame
1852:321.3.Handle
1772:Stick zither
1694:23. Friction
1584:133. Vessel
1569:132. Plaque
1519:121.1. Clack
1508:
1327:Heteroglot (
1260:
1218:
1209:
1198:
1173:
1165:
1120:
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1089:. Retrieved
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1060:. Retrieved
1055:
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1035:, retrieved
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697:Argentinian
664:(121.222) A
539:
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528:
525:
495:chordophones
469:
466:
463:
446:tongue drums
438:Yuri Landman
423:
412:
386:
363:
336:
316:piezo pickup
309:
294:
288:October 2020
285:
274:Please help
269:verification
266:
231:
212:
207:
200:
183:
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155:
149:
134:
126:
118:
112:
107:
90:
82:
80:
62:
59:lamellaphone
58:
55:lamellophone
54:
52:
49:A Jew's harp
2001:Single reed
1995:Double reed
1863:322.1. Open
1801:Heterochord
1767:Musical bow
1738:Chordophone
1714:24. Singing
1678:22. Plucked
1670:212. Shaken
1611:142. Plaque
1573:Musical saw
1563:Nail violin
1559:131. Stick
1516:121. Frame
1058:. Wordpress
815:Thumb piano
718:Array mbira
430:Konono No.1
419:Phil Cohran
366:Array Mbira
345:) heavily.
327:Array mbira
146:Thumb piano
63:linguaphone
36:Hugh Tracey
2109:Categories
1806:314. Board
1752:31. Simple
1700:231. Stick
1641:21. Struck
1608:141. Stick
1530:122. Comb
1342:Individual
1300:Idioglot (
1293:Guimbardes
1037:2024-09-10
902:References
879:Teponaztli
837:Whale Drum
832:Space Harp
822:(Ethiopia)
809:Prempensua
805:Oopoochawa
763:Tanganyika
683:Whale Drum
648:(121.221)
582:Jew's harp
504:aerophones
481:idiophones
415:Space Harp
408:harmoniums
234:resonators
215:xylophones
121:idiophones
72:Jew's harp
2027:Chromatic
1932:Free reed
1888:Aerophone
1873:Harp lute
1828:Composite
1798:Idiochord
1720:241. Free
1706:233. Hand
1703:232. Cord
1578:Daxophone
1524:Guimbarde
1454:Idiophone
1399:Music box
896:Gravikord
869:Slit drum
777:Marímbula
725:(Nigeria)
699:quisanche
650:Murchunga
632:(121.21)
440:has made
343:distorted
192:marímbula
2074:Theremin
2007:Reedpipe
1964:Non-free
1930:412.13.
1902:41. Free
1625:Membran-
1552:Friction
1310:genggong
1302:angkuoch
1164:(1965).
1101:cite web
1091:26 March
1050:MBIRA .
919:Specific
885:See also
768:Maduimba
723:Agidigbo
703:candombe
426:kalimbas
404:Guitaret
400:Cembalet
382:guitaret
359:kalimbas
339:feedback
219:marimbas
119:plucked
2021:Natural
2005:422.3.
1999:422.2.
1993:422.1.
1979:421.2.
1846:321.2.
1840:321.1.
1685:Nyatiti
1662:211.3.
1658:Tubular
1656:211.2.
1650:211.1.
1522:121.2.
1509:Plucked
1337:morsing
1333:kouxian
1322:mukkuri
1306:đàn môi
1222:at the
1202:at the
1062:14 June
974:at the
932:lamella
811:(Ghana)
772:Malimbe
757:Likembe
752:Kisanji
742:Kalimba
738:Insimbi
666:Kouxian
652:, Nepal
634:Đàn môi
613:Kouxian
587:Morsing
553:Đàn môi
434:Neptune
227:Siberia
180:kongoma
175:kalimba
169:likembe
163:kisanji
93:lamella
40:kalimba
38:treble
2060:Action
2025:423.2
2019:423.1
1981:Fipple
1811:Trough
1756:zither
1627:ophone
1493:rattle
1470:Struck
1329:khomuz
1318:kubing
1314:gogona
1283:Cricri
1175:eleke.
1028:
995:
747:Kasayi
734:Ikembe
535:Cricri
529:121.1
442:12-TET
396:Pianet
392:Hohner
351:mbiras
242:pickup
182:, and
152:Africa
83:lingua
57:(also
2015:Brass
2013:423.
1987:422.
1972:Flute
1970:421.
1871:323.
1857:322.
1834:321.
1817:Frame
1815:316.
1809:315.
1792:313.
1784:Whole
1778:312.
1664:Frame
1601:Blown
1535:Mbira
1377:mbira
1276:Clack
1269:Frame
826:Sanza
783:Mbira
729:Eleke
208:Mbira
204:piano
184:sanza
157:mbira
129:Sachs
108:phonē
101:word
99:Greek
89:word
87:Latin
76:mbira
2064:52.
2058:51.
2050:list
1989:Reed
1912:Whip
1893:list
1859:Harp
1848:Yoke
1836:Lute
1794:Raft
1787:Half
1780:Tube
1743:list
1652:Bowl
1632:list
1599:14.
1550:13.
1507:12.
1468:11.
1459:list
1394:Comb
1359:Comb
1345:Sets
1107:link
1093:2017
1064:2022
1026:ISBN
993:ISBN
956:φωνή
859:Comb
493:and
413:The
380:The
364:The
217:and
104:φωνή
1962:42.
1886:4.
1842:Bow
1826:32.
1623:2.
1452:1.
1018:doi
940:on
820:Tom
533:or
278:by
225:of
61:or
2111::
2042:5.
1754:/
1735:3.
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1335:,
1331:,
1320:,
1316:,
1312:,
1308:,
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1128:^
1103:}}
1099:{{
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178:,
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166:,
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1891:(
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1095:.
1085:"
1020::
978:.
944:.
791:)
765:)
705:.
689:)
301:)
295:(
290:)
286:(
272:.
20:)
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