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institutional interests. That is to say, if it is assumed that a disaster will lead to public panic, then it can be expected that government authorities will communicate to citizens in an encouraging manner, possess and sometimes withhold crucial information, and consolidate as many resources as they can. Clarke and Chess cite disaster sociologist
Kathleen Tierney when concluding that these three circumstances all promote further power to the highest reaches of these government organizations.
190:
argues that it has never been easier for the State to manufacture a moral panic. He explains that the interrelations between societies in conjunction with the abundance of media access has created a novel phenomenon where governments can foster specific social, religious, or political outcomes.
56:
is rare among societies, policymakers still assume it likely based on their production of disaster plans as well as other emergency management preparations. In terms of political reasons, Clarke and Chess describe that a consolidation of authority that arises during panics correlates with
47:
processes. He draws on prior studies to conclude that the news media and political elites ("especially presidents") work in tandem in the generation of moral panics and societal issues, thus constructing and crafting policy and public concern in relation to their own priorities.
51:
Building on this idea that the media and political elites can manufacture a moral panic, Caron Chess and Lee Clarke, explain that panic persists for both practical and political reasons. Clarke and Chess state that in the face of overwhelming evidence that
256:
efforts and hastily deputized a number of people as officers in order to act as protection from what they believed would be an inevitable increase in criminal activity, despite
Anchorage residents largely engaging in emergency management.
156:
According to
Tierney, "elite panic" is often fueled by the effect that responses to disaster events can have on the careers of political leaders, citing the political fallout in the wake of
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43:
Further research from Scott Bonn suggests that a cozy, mutually beneficial relationship between the news media and political elites plays a significant role in
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Hawdon, James E. (September 30, 2001). "the role of presidential rhetoric in the creation of a moral panic: reagan, bush, and the war on drugs".
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concluded that, in times of crisis, a disciplinary rhetoric from a president can heighten public concern about an issue and can result in a
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229:" – chiefly poor and working class victims of the earthquake. While residents of Chinese descent evacuated the disaster areas, and were
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362:
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350:, was later held responsible for the crisis, despite official guidelines stating that leadership during times of crisis fell to the
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era as being "an almost continuous state of elite panic", the long-term societal consequences of which are still being analyzed.
149:, in some cases "undermin the public's capacity for resilient behaviors." After a disaster event, it can also be used to justify
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urged residents of New York City to "go about their lives", in a statement he later claimed was made in order to "avoid panic".
365:, officials communicated unclear and contradictory information to the public, leading many to believe that the government was
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during the
September 11 attacks, they documented a notable absence of "public panic". Only a month after the attacks, the
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of and political focus on reported looting and violence, the authorization of deadly force in response to reported
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towards looting, warning that residents of New
Orleans caught looting would be shot by veterans of the
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to the city, where they prevented residents from leaving disaster areas. On
September 1, 2005,
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Bonn, Scott A. (2011). "How an Elite-Engineered Moral Panic Led to the U.S. War on Iraq".
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117:"Elite panic" during a disaster event can take on a number of forms, chiefly that of a
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This is Chance! The
Shaking of an All-American City, a Voice That Held It All Together
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James Hawdon, director of the Center for Peace
Studies and Violence Prevention at
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researchers Caron Chess and Lee Clarke to describe the behavior of members of the
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Disaster sociologist
Kathleen Tierney describes "elite panic" as being based in:
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A Paradise Built in Hell: The
Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster
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called off search and rescue efforts and diverted the attention of
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811:"7. Hurricane Katrina: Catastrophic Impacts and Alarming Lessons"
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and claimed "hooligans killing people, raping people" in the
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during disaster events, typically characterized by a fear of
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individuals and quickly pushing through political reforms.
943:"Elite Panic: Why The Rich And Powerful Can't Be Trusted"
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660:
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Risking House and Home: Disasters, Cities, Public Policy
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was itself looted by soldiers and members of the city's
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and the circulation of rumors about the behavior of
816:. In Quigley, John M.; Rosenthal, Larry A. (eds.).
574:
572:
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283:, evidence of "elite panic" included the extensive
494:"Elites and Panic: More to Fear than Fear Itself"
133:. It can manifest itself through restrictions on
264:investigated the behavior of occupants of the
262:National Institute of Standards and Technology
8:
352:United States Secretary of Homeland Security
272:was passed. Kathleen Tierney described the
202:detailed cases of "elite panic" during the
853:"Elite Panic vs. the Resilient Populace"
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233:from white victims of the earthquake,
214:. After the San Francisco earthquake,
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186:To add further context, sociologist
32:and the shifting of focus away from
348:Federal Emergency Management Agency
891:"The Civilizing Power of Disaster"
492:Clarke, Lee; Chess, Caron (2008).
363:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
36:towards implementing measures of "
14:
889:Waldman, Katy (6 November 2012).
826:Institute of Governmental Studies
129:and enforcing the protection of
376:During the early stages of the
109:"actions taken on the basis of
1:
977:Barriers to critical thinking
212:1906 San Francisco earthquake
851:Meigs, James B. (May 2020).
323:subsequently dispatched the
250:Anchorage Police Department
225:against "anyone engaged in
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809:Tierney, Kathleen (2008).
145:and excessive devotion to
102:"willingness to resort to
605:10.1080/01639620152472813
464:10.1007/s10612-010-9116-6
279:During the aftermath of
208:1900 Galveston hurricane
168:'s image following the
164:as well as the boon to
382:Mayor of New York City
354:, who at the time was
309:The Oprah Winfrey Show
246:1964 Alaska earthquake
221:authorized the use of
20:" is a term coined by
1002:Sociological theories
941:(November 19, 2020).
828:. pp. 119–136.
822:Berkeley, California
452:Critical Criminology
170:September 11 attacks
948:Behind the Bastards
681:, pp. 130–131.
640:, pp. 131–132.
314:Louisiana Superdome
135:freedom of movement
38:command and control
510:10.1353/sof.0.0155
346:, director of the
336:emergency services
325:United States Army
297:residents of color
295:' lower class and
266:World Trade Center
204:Great Chicago Fire
22:Rutgers University
835:978-0-87772-427-8
793:978-0-670-02107-9
652:, pp. 36–37.
378:COVID-19 pandemic
281:Hurricane Katrina
254:search and rescue
200:Philip L. Fradkin
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997:Social phenomena
987:Crowd psychology
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371:radiation damage
356:Michael Chertoff
344:Michael D. Brown
158:Hurricane Andrew
131:private property
91:"obsession with
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504:(2): 993–1014.
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397:Culture of fear
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332:Kathleen Blanco
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147:law enforcement
137:, limiting the
71:social disorder
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61:Characteristics
34:disaster relief
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599:(5): 419–445.
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458:(3): 227–249.
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385:Bill de Blasio
361:Following the
321:George W. Bush
289:property crime
285:media coverage
244:Following the
219:Eugene Schmitz
196:
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123:civil disorder
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958:10 September
956:. Retrieved
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939:Robert Evans
922:10 September
920:. Retrieved
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880:10 September
878:. Retrieved
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744:Random House
735:
725:Bibliography
715:Waldman 2012
710:
703:Tierney 2008
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691:Tierney 2008
686:
679:Tierney 2008
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667:Tierney 2008
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638:Tierney 2008
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402:Elite theory
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223:deadly force
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188:Frank Furedi
185:
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151:scapegoating
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104:deadly force
64:
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17:
15:
953:iHeartMedia
951:(Podcast).
650:Solnit 2010
539:Solnit 2010
438:Solnit 2010
426:Solnit 2010
407:Moral panic
293:New Orleans
270:Patriot Act
181:moral panic
143:information
45:moral panic
18:Elite panic
971:Categories
858:Commentary
762:1145967693
579:Meigs 2020
413:References
367:minimizing
252:suspended
231:segregated
125:among the
86:immigrants
82:minorities
917:728292344
909:1091-2339
875:488561243
867:0010-2601
844:180573794
802:567155187
772:(2010) .
613:143626506
526:143112263
472:145587340
318:President
304:Ray Nagin
274:post-9/11
260:When the
235:Chinatown
76:"fear of
69:"fear of
780:New York
740:New York
734:(2020).
518:20430900
391:See also
340:Iraq War
329:Governor
210:and the
195:Examples
227:looting
162:Florida
93:looting
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626:Furedi
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248:, the
206:, the
139:spread
119:phobia
896:Slate
814:(PDF)
609:S2CID
522:S2CID
514:JSTOR
468:S2CID
301:Mayor
216:Mayor
111:rumor
54:panic
26:elite
960:2021
924:2021
913:OCLC
905:ISSN
882:2021
871:OCLC
863:ISSN
840:OCLC
830:ISBN
798:OCLC
788:ISBN
758:OCLC
748:ISBN
95:and
84:and
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601:doi
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