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today's value. Further compounding de Hory's plight was that the manner of his forgeries had become recognizable, and he was now a person of interest to the FBI. This unwanted attention may have prompted de Hory to temporarily abandon his fakery and resume creating his own artwork once more. This led him to an ascetic existence in a low-rent apartment near
Pershing Square in Los Angeles. Here, he had limited success, mostly selling paintings of pink poodles to interior decorators. However, his self-imposed exile was not to his liking. He decided to return to the East Coast return to producing art forgeries, for which he always found an eager buyer—eventually. In Washington, D.C., de Hory began an ill-fated association with a picture dealer that ended in disaster.
589:. Legros's account of his dealings with de Hory differs substantially from de Hory's own. He portrays de Hory as an aggressive and persistent con man, who suckers Legros into the belief that he is a needy impoverished aristocrat deserving of Legros's charity, whereas in reality he is a person wanted by Interpol under a multitude of different aliases and convicted of a variety of crimes, forgery and fraud being not the least of them; de Horys is the object of pursuits, convictions and expulsions from France, Switzerland, Italy, Federal Germany, Great Britain, Mexico, the United States, and Canada, for false check writing without funds, check forgery, committing forgery while carrying a false name, theft, receiving and purveying of stolen goods, and embezzlement.
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desperation trumped his scruples, as was most often the case for the next two decades. To his mind, it offered redemption from the starving artist scenario, buttressed by the comfortable rationalization that his buyers were getting something beautiful at "friendly" prices. He began to sell his
Picasso pastiches to art galleries around Paris, claiming that he was a displaced Hungarian aristocrat and his offerings were what remained from his family's art collection or else that he had acquired them directly from the artist, whom he had known during his years in Paris.
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629:, to whom Legros had sold 56 forged paintings, was so outraged to learn that most of his collection was forged that he demanded the arrest and prosecution of Legros. Alarmed, Legros decided to hide from the police at de Hory's house on Ibiza, where he asserted ownership and threatened to evict de Hory. Coupled with this and with Legros's increasingly violent mood swings, de Hory decided to leave Ibiza. Legros and Lessard were apprehended soon thereafter and imprisoned on charges of
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702:, and asked Forgy to accept his decision and not intervene or prevent him from taking his life. However, Forgy later went for help to take de Hory to a local hospital, though en route he died in Forgy's arms. Clifford Irving has expressed doubts about de Hory's death, claiming that he may have faked his own suicide in order to escape extradition, but Forgy has dismissed this theory.
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547:. (Fernand Legros listed de Hory's pseudonyms; "Elmyr de Hory, Elmer Hoffman, Elementer alias Hofman, baron de Hory, Haury, Hury or Hurry, Hory, baron Raynal, Raynor, Raynol or Rainol, comte de Herzog, baron de Boughady, von Bonhyday, Boundjy, Elmyr Lazlo, Dauray, Dory, Boutin, Dory-Boutin, Cassou Robert or Cassou Charles, Louis Curiel or Curiel Charles.)
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account continues, Legros persuaded de Hory to resume their partnership. Legros and
Lessard would continue to sell de Hory's work and agreed to pay him a flat fee of $ 400 a month, enough to guarantee de Hory a comfortable and risk-free life in his newfound home, the Spanish Mediterranean island of Ibiza.
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On arriving in Paris after the war, de Hory attempted to make an honest living as an artist, but soon discovered that he had an uncanny ability to copy the styles of noted painters. In 1946, he sold a pen-and-ink drawing to a
British woman who mistook it for an original work by Picasso. His financial
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De Hory continued to elude the police for some time but, tired of life in exile, decided to move back to Ibiza to accept his fate. In August 1968, a
Spanish court convicted him of the crimes of homosexuality, showing no visible means of support, and consorting with criminals (Legros), sentencing him
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in the mid-1950s. Shortly after its sale, he offered a "Modigliani" and a "Renoir" drawing from his collection. An alert curator noticed a stylistic similarity among the three drawings and refused to buy his subsequent offerings. She then began contacting other institutions and galleries, asking if
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and other nontraditional movements, all of which made his art appear passé, out of step with new trends and public tastes. This harsh reality and the economic shock waves of the Great
Depression dimmed any prospects of his making a living from his art. New evidence (Geneva police records) indicates
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In Paris, de Hory unexpectedly ran into Legros. De Hory revealed to him that some of his forgeries were still back in New York. According to de Hory, Legros devised a plan to steal the paintings and sell them, making a name for himself and his art gallery in the process. Later that year, de Hory's
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On his return, de Hory discovered that his paintings were fetching high prices at several art galleries, and he was incensed that the galleries had only paid him a fraction of what they thought the works were worth. It is estimated that all de Hory forgeries were sold for more than $ 50 million in
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After a successful sale of drawings in Sweden, he bought a one-way ticket for Rio de
Janeiro in 1947. There, living from the sales of his fakes, he resumed creating his own art, though the sales of his portraits, landscapes, and still lifes in his own avant-garde style did not bring in the kind of
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government from targeting a Jew for extermination.) He was severely beaten and was transferred to a Berlin prison hospital, from which he escaped. He returned to
Hungary, and it was there, he said, that he learned that his parents had been killed and their estate confiscated. However, according to
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De Hory always denied that he had ever signed any of his forgeries with the name of the artist whom he was imitating. This is an important legal matter, since painting in the style of an artist is not a crime—only signing a painting with another artist's name makes it a forgery. This may be
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In de Hory's account, Legros accompanied de Hory back to Miami where he continued to regain his health. When he imprudently took Legros into his confidence, the other man quickly recognized an opportunity and importuned the artist to let him sell his work in exchange for a 40% cut of the profits,
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In 1955, de Hory sold several forgeries to
Chicago art dealer Joseph W. Faulkner, who later discovered they were fakes. Faulkner pressed charges against de Hory and initiated a federal lawsuit against him, alleging mail and telephone fraud. De Hory later moved to Mexico City, where he was briefly
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Francisco Chronicle. July 29, 1999. Details reports of current forgeries of de Hory works. Jeff Oppenheim, Producer/Director (2011) "Chasing Elmyr" Short form Documentary which became the feature-length documentary Real Fake: The Art, Life and Crimes of Elmyr de Hory distributed by Gravitas
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That same year, de Hory formed a partnership with Jacques Chamberlin, who became his art dealer. They toured Europe together, selling the forgeries until de Hory discovered that, although they were supposed to share the profits equally, Chamberlin had kept most of the money. De Hory ended the
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During the early 1970s, de Hory again decided to resume painting, hoping to exploit his newfound fame: this time, he would sell his own, original work. While he had gained some recognition in the art world, he made little profit, and he soon learned that French authorities were attempting to
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to two months in prison in Ibiza. He was never directly charged with forgery because the court could not prove that he had ever created any forgeries on Spanish soil. He was released in October 1968 and expelled from Ibiza for one year. During that time, he resided in Torremolinos, Spain.
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with Legros assuming all the risks inherent in the sale of forgeries. With Legros, de Hory again toured the United States. In time, Legros demanded his cut be increased to 50%, when in reality Legros was already keeping much of the profit. On one of these trips Legros met RĂ©al Lessard, a
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Research done in 2011 by Mark Forgy, Colette Loll, Dr. Jeff Taylor, and Andrea Megyes dispelled some of the long-standing myths surrounding de Hory, most notably definitively establishing his true identity from marriage and birth records at the Association of Jewish Communities in
658:(1973). In Welles's film, de Hory questioned what it was that made his forgeries inferior to the actual paintings created by the artists he imitated, particularly since they had fooled so many experts and were always appreciated when it was believed that they were genuine. In
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In 1959, suffering from depression, he attempted suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills. A friend rescued him and called an ambulance. His stomach was pumped, and after a stay in the hospital de Hory convalesced in New York City, helped by an enterprising young man,
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In 1964, then 58 years old, de Hory began to tire of the forgery business, and soon his work began to suffer. Consequently, many art experts began noticing that the paintings they were receiving were forgeries. Some of the galleries examining de Hory's work alerted
662:, Welles also poses questions about the nature of the creative process, how trickery, illusion, and duplicity often prevail in the art world, and thus, in some respects, downplays the culpability of the art forger de Hory and outliers like him.
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detained and questioned by the police, not for his artistic endeavors but regarding his connection to a suspect in the murder of a British man, whom de Hory claimed he had never met. When the Mexican police attempted to
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On December 11, 1976, de Hory's live-in bodyguard and companion Mark Forgy informed him that the Spanish government had agreed to extradite de Hory to France. Shortly thereafter, de Hory took an overdose of
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about him. Since de Hory's success was reliant upon his skills of deception and invention, it would be difficult to take the facts that he told about his own life at face value, as Clifford Irving himself
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money from him, de Hory hired a lawyer, who also attempted to extort money from him by charging exorbitant legal fees. De Hory paid the lawyer with one of his forgeries and returned to the United States.
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812:, mentions de Hory in the line, "whatever happened to the Great Elmyr(a)?", but it is unclear if this is an error, an intentional feminization, or "Elmyr" with a separate exclamation after.
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and decided to stay there, moving between New York City, Los Angeles, Miami, and Chicago for the next twelve years. De Hory expanded his forgeries to include works in the manner of
837:, the Caster servant, whose ability entails modifying and recreating legends, states that if you wanted someone to recreate legends without limit, you would have to call de Hory.
371:. It is claimed he was responsible for producing over a thousand forgeries that were sold to reputable art galleries all over the world. His activities garnered celebrity from a
416:. His father's occupation was listed as "wholesaler of handcrafted goods." His parents did not divorce when he was sixteen, as he had asserted in the Clifford Irving biography.
408:. However, subsequent investigation has suggested that de Hory more likely had a middle-class childhood; he was born Elemér Albert Hoffmann on April 14, 1906. (An acquaintance,
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412:, said that de Hory was born in Budapest (Hungary) 14 April 1905, but that de Hory would change the date to 1914 to appear younger.) Both his parents were
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467:. During this time, de Hory befriended the prison camp officer by painting his portrait. Later, during the Second World War, de Hory was released.
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who later became his lover. The two had a volatile relationship, and in late 1959 de Hory decided to leave the two and return to Europe.
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A sister documentary entitled: ELMYR DE HORY, LE FAUSSAIRE DU SIECLE was produced by Dominique Barneaud and Jeff Oppenheim for Arte TV.
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One year following his release, de Hory, by then a celebrity, returned to Ibiza. He told his story to
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charges. This took quite some time, as Spain and France had no extradition treaty at that time.
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Most of the information regarding de Hory's early life comes from what he told American writer
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By 1966, more of de Hory's paintings were being revealed as forgeries; one man in particular,
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Mark Forgy, "The Forger's Apprentice: Life with the World's Most Notorious Artist" (2012)
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podcast, a history podcast about evil and complicated queer people, covers de Hory's life.
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648:. De Hory appeared in several television interviews and was featured with Irving in the
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His success came to a halt in Boston after he sold one of his "Matisse" drawings to the
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De Hory claimed that he was born into an aristocratic family, that his father was an
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Enigma!: The New Story of Elmyr de Hory, the Most Successful Art Forger of Our Time
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Master (Con) Artist-Painting forger Elmyr de Hory's copies are like the real thing
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Peyrefitte, R., "Tableaux de Chasse", pp. 232–233, Albin Michel, Paris, 1976,
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726:(2014–2015) an exhibition including works by de Hory, curated by Colette Loll.
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750:– (2011) a one-man play written and performed by Pierre Brault about de Hory.
367:; April 14, 1906 – December 11, 1976) was a famed Hungarian-born painter and
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A character based on de Hory appears in the incomplete final Tintin story
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Louis Cassou, Joseph Dory, Joseph Dory-Boutin, Elmyr Herzog, Elmyr Hoffman
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was produced by Dominique Barneaud and Jeff Oppenheim for Arte TV, 2017
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money he had become accustomed to from his newly created master works.
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Mark Forgy's account, both de Hory's mother and brother were listed as
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423:(now in Romania). At 18, he joined the Akademie Heinmann art school in
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930:. An updated account of de Hory's life appears in Mark Forgy's memoir
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Fake: the story of Elmyr de Hory: the greatest art forger of our time
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charges and arrests for minor crimes during the late 1920s and '30s.
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The Forger's Apprentice: Life with the World's Most Notorious Artist
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Fake! The Story of Elmyr de Hory the Greatest Art Forger of Our Time
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true, as Legros may have signed the paintings with the false names.
94:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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for him and its walls are covered in fakes of famous paintings.
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In August 1947 he visited the United States on a three-month
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Faking It: Elmyr de Hory – The Century's Greatest Art Forger
486:, such an ostensible religious affiliation did not stop the
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732:– The Musical – (2015) written by Mark Forgy, Kevin Bowen
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At the age of 16, he began his formal art training in the
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Intent to Deceive – Fakes and Forgeries in the Art World
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relationship and resumed selling his fakes on his own.
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they knew or had purchased artworks from the debonair
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Real Fake: The Art, Life and Crimes of Elmyr de Hory
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744:. Performed at the 2013 Minnesota Fringe Festival.
470:Within a year, de Hory was imprisoned in a German
741:– (2013) written by Mark Forgy and Kevin Bowen
1212:20th-century Calvinist and Reformed Christians
760:. Podcast available at: snapjudgment.org/elmyr
451:He returned to Hungary at the outbreak of the
1197:Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière
539:. Some of de Hory's many pseudonyms included
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
404:and that his mother came from a family of
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245:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
945:"Authentication in Art Unmasked Forgery"
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379:(1969), and a documentary essay film by
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824:Hory is also mentioned in Dale Basye's
681:at the Elmyr de Ibiza art gallery, 1971
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1068:Almost True: The Noble Art of Forgery
842:Almost True: The Noble Art of Forgery
718:Elmyr de Hory, le faussaire du siecle
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1242:20th-century Hungarian male artists
1237:20th-century Hungarian LGBT people
987:from the original on July 26, 2021
753:National Public Radio – US (2014)
199:tone or style may not reflect the
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1192:LGBT concentration camp survivors
330:Artist, painter, forger, criminal
34:This article has multiple issues.
209:guide to writing better articles
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827:Fibble: where the lying kids go
748:Portrait Of An Unidentified Man
429:Académie de la Grande Chaumière
42:or discuss these issues on the
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830:, the fourth in the series.
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847:Season 3 Episode 5 of the
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535:and to sell his work by
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730:The Forger's Apprentice
686:extradite him to stand
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365:Elemér Albert Hoffmann
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207:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
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977:"S3E5: Elmyr de Hory"
735:, and C. S. McNerlin.
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567:Forgery as a business
459:prison for political
1087:at the Crime Library
1077:Criterion Collection
778:Vérités et mensonges
465:Carpathian Mountains
1131:Museum of Art Fakes
818:Tintin and Alph-Art
983:. April 21, 2020.
959:"Greeting the 500"
789:Little Five Points
780:) concerns de Hory
706:In popular culture
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556:Harvard University
472:concentration camp
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835:Fate/Strange Fake
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1177:Gay painters
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1079:DVD release.
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1057:. Retrieved
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1030:. Retrieved
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1004:Bibliography
989:. Retrieved
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764:Orson Welles
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650:Orson Welles
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36:Please help
33:
1222:1976 deaths
1157:Art forgers
1147:1906 births
963:typepad.com
631:check fraud
552:Fogg Museum
495:survivors.
154:introducing
1141:Categories
1073:F for Fake
856:References
769:F for Fake
660:F for Fake
655:F for Fake
537:mail order
533:pseudonyms
480:homosexual
461:dissidents
402:ambassador
393:Early life
386:F for Fake
369:art forger
289:1906-04-14
137:references
84:improve it
39:improve it
1097:Ventures.
1059:9 October
1032:9 October
991:August 5,
888:admitted.
885:biography
806:punk rock
798:The song
791:is named
609:Unmasking
561:E. Raynal
545:E. Raynal
493:Holocaust
484:Calvinist
88:verifying
45:talk page
1227:Gay Jews
1013:(1969).
985:Archived
928:Budapest
849:Bad Gays
616:Interpol
389:(1974).
297:Budapest
217:May 2021
162:May 2012
100:May 2021
1172:Forgers
844:(1997).
785:Atlanta
463:in the
437:Fauvism
406:bankers
350:myelmyr
345:Website
339:Forgery
321:, Spain
150:improve
82:Please
1107:
1050:
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908:
774:French
574:extort
529:Renoir
478:and a
445:Cubism
425:Munich
414:Jewish
375:book,
363:(born
139:, but
808:band
793:Elmyr
692:fraud
688:trial
666:Death
623:Texas
319:Ibiza
1105:ISBN
1061:2010
1048:ISBN
1034:2010
1021:ISBN
993:2024
906:ISBN
677:and
543:and
527:and
517:visa
488:Nazi
377:Fake
352:.net
308:Died
279:Born
833:In
787:'s
690:on
554:at
476:Jew
86:by
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