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300:. In 1938, in a speech entitled "These Shifty Little Enemies that Destroy our Food Crops", Stakman discussed the manifestation of the plant disease rust, a parasitic fungus that feeds on phytonutrients, in wheat, oat and barley crops across the US. He had discovered that special plant breeding methods created plants resistant to rust. His research greatly interested Borlaug, who subsequently re-enrolled to the
218:, state governments, business, and banking. Stakman led the program for its first year, successfully eliminating rust epidemics. Beginning in the 1940s, he worked with the Mexican Government and the Rockefeller Foundation on a cooperative program in agricultural research that became a model for establishing a network of research centers in developing countries worldwide.
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and determined that while most hybrids resembled the tritici parent, some were intermediate between rye and wheat forms. The discover that rusts were evolving new strains that could infect plants resistant to previous strains of rust led to a counter-strategy, breeding and deploying new varieties of
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After earning his B.A. degree in German, botany and political science, Stakman taught school for a couple of years, before joining the plant pathology department at the
University of Minnesota as an assistant professor. He received an M.A. degree in 1910 and a Ph.D. in 1913. Soon after he was
243:), Stakman disproved the prevalent theory of "bridging hosts", the belief that the fungus could develop new parasitic capabilities to spread from rye to barley to (previously immune) wheat. His work on wheat led to the development of more widely applicable principles.
160:(May 17, 1885 – January 22, 1979) was an American plant pathologist who was a pioneer of methods of identifying and combatting disease in wheat. He became an internationally renowned phytopathologist for his studies of the genetics and epidemiology of
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rust‐resistant wheat before new strains of wheat rust could spread. In 1940, Stakman and coworkers established that spores travel long distances and are carried by wind. They showed that urediospores of
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to study plant pathology under
Stakman. Borlaug went on to discover varieties of dwarf wheat that helped reduce famine in India, Pakistan, and other countries, and received the
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appointed head of the
Section of Plant Pathology. In 1940, he was promoted to head of the full Department of Plant Pathology, where he remained until retiring in 1953.
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could be categorized into different physiological strains or races, affecting different varieties of host plants. In 1937, Stakman crossed
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were carried from as far away as Mexico and Texas to Canada and North Dakota, over 2000 miles, affecting early-sown wheat.
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Elvin C. Stakman papers, University
Archives, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
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Christensen, C. M. (1992). "Elvin
Charles Stakman May 17, 1885-January 22, 1979".
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In 1917, Stakman and
Piemeisel were the first to determine that varieties of
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Through work that he began as part of his Ph.D. on black stem rust (
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Elvin
Charles Stakman was born on May 17, 1885, near Ahnapee (later
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Hart, H (1949). "Elvin
Charles Stakman: President of AAAS, 1949".
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447:"Elvin Charles Stakman, 93, Dies; Authority on Diseases of Wheat"
697:"Norman Borlaug: The Man Who Taught People To Feed Themselves"
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Beginning in 1918, Stakman organized a campaign to eradicate
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Bailey, Martha J., ed. (1994), "Jensen, (Estelle) Louise",
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Stakman-Borlaug Center (SBC) for
Sustainable Plant Health
355:"Research on the Rust Fungi During the Twentieth Century"
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Biographical
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
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American Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary
611:"Margaret Newton: Pioneering Cereal Rust Researcher"
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570:Christensen, J J; DeVay, J E (June 1955).
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572:"Adaptation of Plant Pathogen to Host"
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353:Staples, Richard C. (September 2000).
802:Scientists from Saint Paul, Minnesota
197:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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588:10.1146/annurev.pp.06.060155.002055
695:Hilse, Audra (February 20, 2010).
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646:, Denver, CO: ABC-CLIO, pp.
576:Annual Review of Plant Physiology
756:Elvin Charles Stakman (botanist)
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787:20th-century American botanists
609:Kolmer, James A. (March 2005).
359:Annual Review of Phytopathology
16:American mycologist (1885–1979)
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216:U.S. Department of Agriculture
205:American Philosophical Society
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371:10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.49
271:Stakman was the advisor for
201:National Academy of Sciences
199:in 1923, the United States
195:Stakman was elected to the
142:Other notable students
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64:Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
327:was named for him on the
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230:Map from Stakman's 1922
496:"Elvin Charles Stakman"
329:University of Minnesota
302:University of Minnesota
232:US Plant Disease Survey
186:University of Minnesota
701:The Objective Standard
308:for his work in 1970.
296:to pursue a career in
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287:Estelle Louise Jensen
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158:Elvin Charles Stakman
122:Edward Monroe Freeman
83:Saint Paul, Minnesota
50:Elvin Charles Stakman
792:American mycologists
758:at Wikimedia Commons
546:"APS Member History"
323:In Stakman's honor,
282:Stakman married the
277:Doctor of Philosophy
275:, who completed her
413:1949Sci...109....1H
318:St. Paul, Minnesota
261:P. graminis tritici
256:P. graminis secalis
252:P. graminis tritici
248:P. graminis tritici
182:Brownton, Minnesota
521:"Elvin C. Stakman"
451:The New York Times
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754:Media related to
525:www.nasonline.org
306:Nobel Peace Prize
284:plant pathologist
240:Puccinia graminis
203:in 1934, and the
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745:Find a Grave
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37:1947 at the
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91:Nationality
771:Categories
335:References
267:Influences
212:barberries
136:Helen Hart
56:1885-05-17
706:March 22,
680:March 22,
623:March 22,
596:0066-4294
456:March 22,
384:March 22,
379:0066-4286
289:in 1917.
207:in 1940.
162:stem rust
429:17799508
222:Research
95:American
648:184–185
409:Bibcode
401:Science
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618:APSnet
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555:May 1,
530:May 1,
505:May 1,
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172:Career
108:Fields
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614:(PDF)
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
