125:
97:
329:, located in a suburb of Vienna. Friedel died on 31 March 1789, leaving his entire estate to Eleonore, and the theater was closed. Following this, Eleonore offered reconciliation to Schikaneder, who moved to Vienna in May to start a new company in the same theater in partnership with her. The new company was financed by Joseph von Bauernfeld, a Masonic brother of Mozart. With plans of an emphasis on opera, Schikaneder brought two singers with him from his old troupe,
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474:"Hey, Mozart! That's no good, the music must express greater astonishment. They must both stare dumbly at each other, then Papageno must begin to stammer: 'Pa-papapa-pa-pa'; Papagena must repeat that until both of them finally get the whole name out. Mozart followed the advice, and in this form the duet always had to be repeated."
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had moved to Vienna in 1792 and gradually established a strong reputation as a composer and pianist. He performed in an
Academie at the Theater auf der Wieden during its last years. In the spring of 1803, the first Academie at the new Theater an der Wien was devoted entirely to Beethoven's works: the
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told me that Mozart had originally written the duet where
Papageno and Papagena first see each other quite differently from the way in which we now hear it. Both originally cried out "Papageno!", "Papagena!" a few times in amazement. But when Schikaneder heard this, he called down into the orchestra,
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premiered in the
Theater an der Wien, but not under Schikaneder's direction. By 1804, Schikaneder's career had taken a downward turn; his productions could not bring in enough customers to cover their cost. He sold the Theater an der Wien to a consortium of nobles and left Vienna for the provinces,
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Although many of the works performed were popular successes, the expenses of
Schikaneder's elaborate productions were high, and the company gradually fell into debt. In 1798, Schikaneder's landlord learned that the debt had risen to 130,000 florins and canceled Schikaneder's lease. Schikaneder
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to Joseph
Schickeneder and Juliana Schiessl. Both of his parents worked as domestic servants and were extremely poor. They had a total of four children: Urban (born 1746), Johann Joseph (died at age two), Emanuel (born 1751 and also originally named Johann Joseph), and Maria (born 1753).
132:
Schikaneder received his education at a Jesuit school in
Regensburg as well as training in the local cathedral as a singer. As a young adult, he began to pursue his career in the theater, appearing with Andreas Schopf's theatrical troupe around 1773 and performing opera,
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was a great success at its premiere, frequently selling out and receiving over a hundred performances at the
Theater auf der Wieden during its first few months of performance. Schikaneder continued to produce the opera at intervals for the rest of his career in Vienna.
380:("The Foolish Gardener from the Mountains, or The Two Antons"), premiered in July 1789. The comedy provided a vehicle for Schikaneder's comic stage persona. Another line of performances by the company involved fairy tale operas, starting with the 1789 premiere of
662:, in another suburb only a few hundred meters away from the Theater auf der Wieden. Schikaneder still had in his possession a document from the late Emperor Joseph II permitting him to construct a new theater. In 1800, he had an audience with the now-reigning
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Works of spoken drama were of interest for their political content. The
Austrian Empire at the time was governed (like most of Europe) by the system of hereditary aristocracy, which was falling under increasing criticism as the values of the
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In spite of the content and cancellation of the production, Joseph II brought
Schikaneder over and he entered Imperial service from April 1785 through February 1786. During his service, he performed in the Austrian Nationaltheater at
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Castelli adds that the March of the
Priests which opens the second act was also a suggestion of Schikaneder's, added to the opera at the last minute by Mozart. These stories are not accepted as necessarily true by all musicologists.
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was debuted there. This was a great success and was performed frequently in the following years. Schikaneder was the librettist, composer, and principal singer, a versatility he would continue to exhibit throughout his career.
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which included a character named Baron Seltenreich ("seldom-rich") who was "a caricature of a scheming windbag of the Viennese aristocracy". Schikaneder and his colleague then stepped over the line, initiating a production of
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In a review of a performance at the Theater auf der Wieden by a north German commentator in 1793, most contemporary reviews were positive, noting a high standard of musical performance. In his unpublished autobiography,
792:, was Emanuel's older brother. He was born in Regensburg on 2 November 1746, and worked for a number of years in his brother's troupe, both as a singer and in helping to administer the group. At the premiere of
1612:, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. This book contains many mentions of Schikaneder from first-hand sources. The stories from Ignaz Franz Castelli were taken by Deutsch from Castelli's 1861 memoirs.
699:, the Theater an der Wien was "the most lavishly equipped and one of the largest theatres of its age". There, Schikaneder continued his tradition of expensive and financially risky theatrical spectacle.
213:, he promised before leaving to write "Wie grausam ist, o Liebe...Die neugeborne Ros' entzĂĽckt", a recitative and aria for Schikaneder. The composition was intended for Schikaneder's production of
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Schikaneder and his new partner Zitterbarth planned together to construct a grand new theater for the company. Zitterbarth purchased the land for the new theater on the other side of the
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237:. The Vienna run was admired by critics and attracted large audiences, often including the Emperor and his court. Schikaneder and Kumpf opened their season with a revival of Mozart's
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Mozart died only a few weeks after the premiere, on 5 December 1791. Schikaneder was distraught at the news and felt the loss sharply. He evidently put on a benefit performance of
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Schikaneder wanted Beethoven to compose an opera for him. After offering Beethoven an apartment to live in inside the theater building, he also offered his libretto,
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538:. He continued to write works in which he played the main role and which achieved popular success. These included collaborations with other composers of the time:
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Anna Schikaneder (1767–1862) also called "Nanny" or "Nanette", was his brother Urban's daughter. At age 24 she sang the role of the First Boy in
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unsuited to his needs. He did, however, set the opening scene, part of which ultimately became the duet "O namenlose Freude" from his 1804 opera
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1023:. He is last seen calling upon Mozart following a performance to provide him with his fee, not knowing that Mozart is near death working with
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772:. Following economic problems caused by war and an 1811 currency devaluation, Schikaneder lost most of his fortune. During a journey to
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persuaded Bartholomäus Zitterbarth, a wealthy merchant, to become his partner and take on the debt. As a result, the company was saved.
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Mozart's work is beyond all praise. One feels only too keenly, on hearing this or any other of his music, what the Art has lost in him.
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From November 1784 to February 1785, Schikaneder collaborated with theater director Hubert Kumpf for a series of performances at the
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Concerning Schikaneder as composer, Branscombe (2006) observes that a recently discovered score of the 1790 collaborative opera
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According to records, Sebastian Meyer was not employed by the Schikaneder troupe until 1793, two years after the premiere of
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Schikaneder appears as Mozart's friend and collaborator when a team of time travelers visit Vienna to extend Mozart's life.
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Schikaneders heroisch-komische Oper Der Stein der Weisen – Modell für Mozarts Zauberflöte. Kritische Ausgabe des Textbuches
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who, as the first Queen of the Night, was certainly present. For skeptical comment on these tales, see Branscombe (1965).
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again became part of the repertory. Several aspects of the company's work emerged that later came to be immortalized in
162:, and at that time Schikaneder became a family friend of the Mozarts. The Mozart family at the time consisted of father
1019:. Furthermore, his demands for new scripts put Mozart under pressure, exacerbating the stress he is under from writing
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in September 1790, a collaborative opera marked by the musical collaboration of Gerl, Schack, Schikaneder and Mozart.
54:; 1 September 1751 – 21 September 1812) was a German impresario, dramatist, actor, singer, and composer. He wrote the
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in 1812 to take a new post, he became insane. He died impoverished in Vienna on 21 September 1812 at age 61.
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Henneberg conducting the orchestra from the "pianoforte ... like a General commanding an army of musicians!"
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sowie unbekannte Dokumente zu dessen Entstehung, Ăśberlieferung und Rezeption in Wien und Berlin 1803", in:
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The series of fairy-tale operas at the Theater auf der Wieden culminated in the September 1791 premiere of
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Mainstream scholarship attributes the libretto to Schikaneder; for an alternative considered marginal see
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Schikaneder's illegitimate son Franz Schikaneder (1802–1877) was a blacksmith in the service of Emperor
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634:. The Italian operas were performed in German translation. As noted above, Schikaneder also produced
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748:. Beethoven continued to live in the Theater an der Wien for a while as he switched his efforts to
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465:, Schikaneder also may have given advice to Mozart concerning the musical setting of his libretto:
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174:. The Mozarts "rarely missed his shows" (Heartz), and invited Schikaneder to Sunday sessions of
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called him "one of the most talented theatre men of his era". Aside from Mozart, he worked with
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902:, Franz Xaver Gerl, Emanuel Schikaneder, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Vienna 11 September 1790.
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Der Zauberfloete zweyter Theil unter dem Titel: Das Labyrinth oder der Kampf mit den Elementen
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444:, with music by Mozart and libretto by Schikaneder. The opera incorporated a loose mixture of
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872:(What does Anton do in Winter?) Music by Benedikt Schack and Franz Xaver Gerl. Vienna, 1790.
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Schikaneder's father died shortly after Maria's birth, at which time his mother returned to
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1725:"The Work of Emanuel Schikaneder and the Tradition of the Old Viennese Popular Theatre"
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Circa 1791; Schikaneder's troupe performing "O Anton du bist mein" from the Singspiel
197:" (I promise what I cannot keep), while the young woman on the right is shown saying "
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The most extensive source on Schikaneder in English is Honolka (1990), listed below.
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During this period, Schikaneder would several times a year devote the theater to an
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1561:(1997) "Mozart and the Theater auf der Wieden: New Attributions and Perspectives,"
1260:"The House Composers of the Theater auf der Wieden in the Time of Mozart (1789–91)"
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Works by Schikaneder include 56 libretti and 45 spoken-language plays, among them:
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Schikaneder's career continued in the same theater during the years that followed
191:, satirizing Schikaneder's notorious womanizing. Schikaneder is shown as saying "
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Waidelich, Till Gerrit (2012) "Papagenos Selbstvermarktung in Peter von Winters
1689:. (Libretto) ed. by Manuela Jahrmärker and Till Gerrit Waidelich, Tutzing 1992,
1590:(1996) "A newly Discovered Autograph Source for Mozart's Aria K.365a (Anh.11a)"
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sprang from Schikaneder's tumultuous relationship with Eleonore, debuted at the
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1011:. He is a friend of Mozart, but frequently takes his works and turns them into
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As Mozart was about to depart Salzburg for the premiere in Munich of his opera
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4/2008, (Vienna: Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Wien, 2008), pp. 15–36.
1663:"Neue Forschungsergebnisse zum Theater auf der Wieden und Emanuel Schikaneder"
685:, began in April 1800. It opened 13 June 1801 with a performance of the opera
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Das Labyrinth oder Der Kampf mit den Elementen. Der Zauberflöte zweyter Theil
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New Mozart documents: a supplement to O.E. Deutsch's documentary biography
1429:(in German), vol. 22, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 753–754
583:, or in modern terms, a classical music concert. Symphonies of Mozart and
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Two of Schikaneder's relatives were also his professional associates:
412:, Hoffmeister etc., writing that they were performed with rare skill (
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at the Burgtheater, which did not mention Schikaneder as the author.
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In the fall of 1780, the Schikaneder troupe made an extended stay in
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Schikaneder's birthplace (Straubing). Click on image for translation.
568:. A big box office draw during this time was a rhymed-verse comedy,
454:). Schikaneder took the role of Papageno—a character reflecting the
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Papageno: Emanuel Schikaneder, man of the theater in Mozart's time
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666:, which resulted in a renewal of the license—over the protests of
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276:. This production was canceled by the Emperor at the last minute.
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recalled performances of operas in the early 1790s by Mozart,
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Schikaneder maintained in the repertory seven Mozart operas:
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tradition, and thus suited to his skills—at the premiere.
1533:(Cambridge Opera Handbooks), Cambridge University Press,
882:) (Vienna, 4 June 1791). Mozart heard the work on 6 June.
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Der Dumme Gärtner aus dem Gebirge, oder Die zween Antons
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spread. Schikaneder put on a successful comedy entitled
835:). Operetta, music by Schikaneder, Innsbruck, ca. 1775.
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Der dumme Gärtner aus dem Gebirge oder die zween Anton
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1738:"The Godchildren of Emanuel and Eleonore Schikaneder"
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lists Schikaneder as composer of some of the numbers.
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Construction of the new theater, which was named the
486:(1801). Schikaneder as Papageno with his siblings in
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Branscombe, Peter (2006) "Schikaneder, Emanuel". In
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The Silly Gardener from the Hills, or The Two Antons
674:. In retaliation, Braun mounted a new production of
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as librettist. New additions to the troupe included
284:. During his debut he sang the role of Schwindel in
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898:). Heroic-comic opera, Music by Benedikt Schack,
845:) Singspiel, music by Schikander, Salzburg, 1786.
1570:Mozart and his Circle: A Biographical Dictionary
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482:Papageno Gate – the former main entrance of the
448:elements and traditional fairy-tale themes (see
233:, who had seen him perform the previous year in
229:in Vienna. He had been invited to do so by the
1827:19th-century German dramatists and playwrights
1822:18th-century German dramatists and playwrights
1635:Haydn, Mozart, and early Beethoven, 1781–1802.
723:(with Beethoven as soloist), and the oratorio
689:, to Schikaneder's own libretto with music by
654:The Theater an der Wien as it appeared in 1815
270:' then-scandalous send-up of the aristocracy,
180:(dart shooting), their favorite family sport.
145:in 1774, and the following year his Singspiel
1522:: Some Textual and Interpretative Problems,"
376:. A series of musical comedies starting with
8:
1679:". In Cliff Eisen and Simon P. Keefe, eds.,
1524:Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association
198:
192:
36:Schikaneder playing the role of Papageno in
1619:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
1615:Deutsch, Otto Erich and Cliff Eisen (1991)
866:Five sequels to the latter work, including
394:'s original libretto. This was followed by
390:and a libretto that was a readaptation of
325:had settled as the resident troupe at the
141:. Schikaneder danced at a court ballet in
1745:Labyrinth (Der Zauberflöte zweyter Theil)
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1121:Der Stein der Weisen oder Die Zauberinsel
896:The Philosopher's Stone or the Magic Isle
397:Der Stein der Weisen oder Die Zauberinsel
1683:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1555:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1287:. However, he was the second husband of
550:with Mozart's posthumous brother-in-law
1776:
1069:
1038:and Christian Stuppeck and directed by
908:(opera libretto, Vienna 1790; music by
796:, he sang the role of the First Priest.
1837:German male dramatists and playwrights
930:). Grand heroic-comic opera, music by
340:. From his wife's company he retained
317:During Easter 1788, the troupe run by
1862:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's librettists
1015:comedies, which upsets Mozart's wife
7:
366:The new company was successful, and
1572:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
876:Anton bei Hofe, oder Das Namensfest
829:Die Lyranten oder das lustige Elend
301:Years at the Theater auf der Wieden
194:ich verspreche was ich keiner halte
1706:and Manuela Jahrmärker, vol. 5 of
521:in 1798, he wrote in the program:
253:was also performed by the troupe.
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1867:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's singers
1681:The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia
1553:The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia
788:Urban Schikaneder (1746–1818), a
1832:19th-century German male writers
1817:People from the Duchy of Bavaria
1779:
128:Auditorium of Regensburg Theatre
1887:18th-century German male actors
1602:Mozart: A Documentary Biography
1162:Deutsch and Eisen (1991, 33–34)
948:, Heroic-comic opera, Music by
880:Anton at Court, or The Name-Day
576:), a contribution of Giesecke.
1751:, 59 (2012), pp. 139–177.
1578:(1956) "Emanuel Schikaneder",
1007:, Schikaneder is portrayed by
906:Der Fall ist noch weit seltner
870:Was macht der Anton im Winter?
833:The Minstrels, or Merry Misery
1:
1882:19th-century theatre managers
1877:18th-century theatre managers
1710:, Göttingen 2002. 119 pages.
1531:W. A. Mozart: Die Zauberflöte
982:Der Fleischhauer von Odenburg
966:(opera libretto, Vienna 1803)
920:(opera libretto, Vienna 1791)
726:Christ on the Mount of Olives
597:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
591:appeared as a piano soloist.
369:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
240:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
1171:Deutsch and Eisen (1991, 34)
1042:, based on the premise that
738:. Beethoven, however, found
587:were performed, and a young
203:" (He will soon come to me).
1762:Schikaneder's libretto for
1647:. Hal Leonard Corporation.
461:According to the dramatist
451:Libretto of The Magic Flute
215:Die zwey schlaflosen Nächte
68:and was the builder of the
1903:
1708:Hainholz Musikwissenschaft
1604:; English translations by
52:Johann Joseph Schickeneder
1675:Waldoff, Jessica (2006) "
1529:Branscombe, Peter (1991)
855:). Comic opera, music by
703:Schikaneder and Beethoven
1847:German opera librettists
1667:Wiener Geschichtsblätter
1608:, Peter Branscombe, and
1456:Lorenz, 2008, pp. 32–34.
1426:Neue Deutsche Biographie
924:Der Spiegel von Arkadien
900:Johann Baptist Henneberg
542:with Mozart's assistant
540:Der Spiegel von Arkadien
392:Friederike Sophie Seyler
104:Schikaneder was born in
1563:Cambridge Opera Journal
1465:Honolka (1990, 222–226)
1362:Honolka (1990, 183–185)
570:Der travestierte Aeneas
154:Befriending the Mozarts
60:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
27:German actor and singer
1499:Vereinigte BĂĽhnen Wien
1421:"Schikaneder, Emanuel"
839:Das Urianische Schloss
809:Ferdinand I of Austria
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609:Der Schauspieldirektor
574:The Travesty of Aeneas
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434:Schikaneder circa 1784
416:). Seyfried describes
327:Theater auf der Wieden
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294:Die Pilgrime von Mekka
273:The Marriage of Figaro
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1857:German opera managers
1812:People from Straubing
1419:Sonnek, Anke (2005),
1318:Honolka (1990, ch. 6)
1030:In 2016, the musical
928:The Mirror of Arcadia
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469:The late bass singer
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349:Johann Joseph Nouseul
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110:Electorate of Bavaria
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1592:Mozart-Jahrbuch 1996
1568:Clive, Peter (1993)
1447:Grove, "Schikaneder"
1272:Karl Ludwig Giesecke
977:Das abgebrannte Haus
932:Franz Xaver SĂĽssmayr
891:Der Stein der Weisen
721:third piano concerto
708:Ludwig van Beethoven
544:Franz Xaver SĂĽssmayr
463:Ignaz Franz Castelli
353:Karl Ludwig Giesecke
323:Eleonore Schikaneder
221:First stay in Vienna
200:Er wird schon kommen
18:Emmanuel Schikaneder
1598:Deutsch, Otto Erich
1581:Music & Letters
1565:, pp. 195–232.
1483:Deutsch (1965, 367)
1474:Deutsch (1965, 396)
1409:Honolka (1990, 200)
1371:Honolka (1990, 187)
1353:Honolka (1990, 182)
1339:Honolka (1990, 153)
1327:Honolka (1990, 183)
1309:Deutsch (1965, 487)
1300:Deutsch (1965, 425)
1246:Deutsch (1965, 370)
1222:(Deutsch 1965, 360)
1192:Deutsch (1965, 235)
1132:Edge (1996, 182–85)
1076:Deutsch (1965, 407)
693:. According to the
683:Theater an der Wien
670:, who directed the
646:Theater an der Wien
638:as a concert work.
636:La clemenza di Tito
627:La clemenza di Tito
518:La clemenza di Tito
511:for Mozart's widow
484:Theater an der Wien
250:La fedeltĂ premiata
217:by August Werthes.
70:Theater an der Wien
48:Emanuel Schikaneder
1842:German impresarios
1213:Honolka (1990, 71)
1183:Honolka (1990, 58)
1153:Heartz (2009, 271)
1110:Heartz (2009, 270)
987:Die Fiaker in Wien
956:Der Tiroler Wastel
938:Babylons Pyramiden
756:Decline and demise
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603:Le nozze di Figaro
548:Der Tyroler Wastel
494:
436:
406:Ignaz von Seyfried
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227:Kärntnertortheater
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130:
102:
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1852:German Freemasons
1728:Durham University
1653:978-0-931340-21-5
1637:New York: Norton.
1625:978-0-8047-1955-1
1516:Branscombe, Peter
1397:Branscombe (2006)
1234:Clive (1993, 136)
1204:Clive (1993, 135)
1141:Deutsch 1965, 225
1059:Time for Patriots
231:Emperor Joseph II
114:Holy Roman Empire
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1027:on their piece.
958:(opera libretto)
950:Peter von Winter
940:(opera libretto)
863:. Vienna, 1789.
861:Franz Xaver Gerl
843:The Urian Castle
719:symphonies, the
566:Peter von Winter
386:, with music by
338:Franz Xaver Gerl
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1758:
1749:Acta Mozartiana
1734:Lorenz, Michael
1720:
1718:Further reading
1711:
1677:Die Zauberflöte
1670:
1659:Lorenz, Michael
1576:Dent, Edward J.
1520:Die Zauberflöte
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934:. Vienna, 1794.
917:Die Zauberflöte
910:Benedikt Schack
857:Benedikt Schack
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794:The Magic Flute
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668:Peter von Braun
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536:The Magic Flute
532:
530:Remaining years
509:The Magic Flute
501:The Magic Flute
471:Sebastian Mayer
441:The Magic Flute
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425:The Magic Flute
374:The Magic Flute
334:Benedikt Schack
311:Die zween Anton
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1807:1812 deaths
1802:1751 births
1712:(in German)
1671:(in German)
1559:Buch, David
1545:Cliff Eisen
1494:Schikaneder
1055:time travel
1040:Trevor Nunn
1032:Schikaneder
1021:his requiem
764:working in
672:Burgtheater
556:Magic Flute
282:Burgtheater
187:Target for
92:Early years
1796:Categories
1507:References
993:In fiction
660:Wien River
263:Der Fremde
119:Regensburg
1702:, ed. by
1606:Eric Blom
1584:37:14–21.
1017:Constanze
696:New Grove
687:Alexander
589:Beethoven
513:Constanze
456:Hanswurst
336:and bass
290:Singspiel
235:Pressburg
143:Innsbruck
139:Singspiel
106:Straubing
86:Beethoven
62:'s opera
1594:177–193.
1551:, eds.,
1518:(1965) "
1013:low-brow
1001:'s film
823:Libretti
774:Budapest
581:Academie
554:, and a
347:, actor
210:Idomeneo
172:Wolfgang
160:Salzburg
56:libretto
1704:D. Buch
1643:(1990)
1633:(2009)
1600:(1965)
1053:In the
1025:Salieri
1004:Amadeus
761:Fidelio
750:Fidelio
745:Fidelio
564:, with
446:Masonic
410:SĂĽĂźmayr
342:soprano
168:Nannerl
164:Leopold
112:in the
108:in the
78:Salieri
1772:Portal
1730:(1965)
1693:
1651:
1623:
1537:
1526:45–63.
1057:novel
780:Family
717:second
630:, and
383:Oberon
351:, and
170:, and
137:, and
50:(born
1786:Opera
1065:Notes
971:Plays
815:Works
770:Steyr
713:first
664:Franz
585:Haydn
331:tenor
286:Gluck
135:farce
82:Haydn
1691:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1547:and
1535:ISBN
859:and
790:bass
768:and
766:Brno
715:and
359:and
321:and
84:and
1050:.
1034:by
997:In
288:'s
247:'s
58:of
1798::
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