Joseph Haydn - Knowledge (XXG)

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attempted to maximize his income, whether by negotiating the right to sell his music outside the Esterházy court, driving hard bargains with publishers or selling his works three and four times over ; he regularly engaged in 'sharp practice'" which nowadays might be regarded as plain fraud. But those were days when copyright was in its infancy, and the pirating of musical works was common. Publishers had few qualms about attaching Haydn's name to popular works by lesser composers, an arrangement that effectively robbed the lesser musician of livelihood. Webster notes that Haydn's ruthlessness in business might be viewed more sympathetically in light of his struggles with poverty during his years as a freelancer—and that outside the world of business, in his dealings, for example, with relatives, musicians and servants, and in volunteering his services for charitable concerts, Haydn was a generous man – e.g., offering to teach the two infant sons of Mozart for free after their father's death. When Haydn died he was certainly comfortably off, but by middle class rather than aristocratic standards.

888: 359:, "The Limping Devil", written for the comic actor Joseph Felix von Kurz, whose stage name was "Bernardon". The work was premiered successfully in 1753, but was soon closed down by the censors due to "offensive remarks". Haydn also noticed, apparently without annoyance, that works he had simply given away were being published and sold in local music shops. Between 1754 and 1756 Haydn also worked freelance for the court in Vienna. He was among several musicians who were paid for services as supplementary musicians at balls given for the imperial children during carnival season, and as supplementary singers in the imperial chapel (the 621: 1216: 591:

operas, and more quartets and symphonies) and he negotiated with multiple publishers, both Austrian and foreign. His new employment contract "acted as a catalyst in the next stage in Haydn's career, the achievement of international popularity. By 1790 Haydn was in the paradoxical position ... of being Europe's leading composer, but someone who spent his time as a duty-bound Kapellmeister in a remote palace in the Hungarian countryside." The new publication campaign resulted in the composition of a great number of new string quartets (the six-quartet sets of Op.

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Haydn at his country estate, Weinzierl, where the composer wrote his first string quartets. Of them, Philip G. Downs said "they abound in novel effects and instrumental combinations that can only be the result of humorous intent". Their enthusiastic reception encouraged Haydn to write more. It was a turning point in his career. As a result of the performances, he became in great demand both as a performer and a teacher. Fürnberg later recommended Haydn to

2183:, p. 343) mentions this in a criticism of contemporary Haydn performance practice: " music sometime seems to 'live on its nerves' ... It is above all in this respect that Haydn performances often fail, whereby most interpreters lack the mental agility to deal with the ever-changing 'physiognomy' of Haydn's music, subsiding instead into an ease of manner and a concern for broader effects that they have acquired in their playing of Mozart." 1144: 1204: 579:. Around 1775, the prince abandoned the baryton and took up a new hobby: opera productions, previously a sporadic event for special occasions, became the focus of musical life at court, and the opera theater the prince had built at Esterháza came to host a major season, with multiple productions each year. Haydn served as company director, recruiting and training the singers and preparing and leading the performances. He wrote 6857: 4818: 778: 639:(1754–1793), the wife of Prince Nikolaus's personal physician in Vienna, who began a close, platonic relationship with the composer in 1789. Haydn wrote to Mrs. Genzinger often, expressing his loneliness at Esterháza and his happiness for the few occasions on which he was able to visit her in Vienna. Later on, Haydn wrote to her frequently from London. Her premature death in 1793 was a blow to Haydn, and his 1092: 6867: 6994: 398: 699: 721:. Following a trend of the time, Anton sought to economize by dismissing most of the court musicians. Haydn retained a nominal appointment with Anton, at a reduced salary of 400 florins, as well as a 1000-florin pension from Nikolaus. Since Anton had little need of Haydn's services, he was willing to let him travel, and the composer accepted a lucrative offer from 1740: 1579: 38: 1619:). Haydn took care to deploy this material in appropriate locations, such as the endings of sonata expositions or the opening themes of finales. In such locations, the folk material serves as an element of stability, helping to anchor the larger structure. Haydn's popular style can be heard in virtually all of his later work, including the twelve 6970: 1726: 505:

security of a Kapellmeister position, Haydn married. His wife was the former Maria Anna Theresia Keller (1729–1800), the sister of Therese (b. 1733), with whom Haydn had previously been in love. Haydn and his wife had a completely unhappy marriage, from which time permitted no escape. They produced no children, and both took lovers.

7006: 1643:(1801), which address such weighty topics as the meaning of life and the purpose of humankind and represent an attempt to render the sublime in music. Haydn's new intentions also meant that he was willing to spend much time on a single work: both oratorios took him over a year to complete. Haydn once remarked that he had worked on 1255:. Haydn had a robust sense of humor, evident in his love of practical jokes and often apparent in his music, and he had many friends. For much of his life he benefited from a "happy and naturally cheerful temperament", but in his later life, there is evidence for periods of depression, notably in the correspondence with 342:, whom he later acknowledged as an important influence. He said of CPE Bach's first six keyboard sonatas, "I did not leave my clavier till I played them through, and whoever knows me thoroughly must discover that I owe a great deal to Emanuel Bach, that I understood him and have studied him with diligence." According to 6982: 1712: 1630:

The return to Vienna in 1795 marked the last turning point in Haydn's career. Although his musical style evolved little, his intentions as a composer changed. While he had been a servant, and later a busy entrepreneur, Haydn wrote his works quickly and in profusion, with frequent deadlines. As a rich

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In the 1790s, stimulated by his England journeys, Haydn developed what Rosen calls his "popular style", a method of composition that, with unprecedented success, created music having great popular appeal but retaining a learned and rigorous musical structure. An important element of the popular style

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About this time he expressed a strong desire that we had a pianoforte, so that I might play to him, for not only was he passionately fond of music, but found that his constant pain and o'erfretted nerves were much soothed by it. This I managed to obtain on loan, and Dr. Clark procured me many volumes

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Haydn's early years of poverty and awareness of the financial precariousness of musical life made him astute and even sharp in his business dealings. Some contemporaries (usually, it has to be said, wealthy ones) were surprised and even shocked at this. Webster writes: "As regards money, Haydn…always

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With the increase in his reputation, Haydn eventually obtained aristocratic patronage, crucial for the career of a composer in his day. Countess Thun, having seen one of Haydn's compositions, summoned him and engaged him as her singing and keyboard teacher. In 1756, Baron Carl Josef Fürnberg employed

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Tracing Haydn's work over the six decades in which it was produced (roughly from 1749 to 1802), one finds a gradual but steady increase in complexity and musical sophistication, which developed as Haydn learned from his own experience and that of his colleagues. Several important landmarks have been

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reviewed the first concert thus: "Haydn himself presided at the piano-forte; and the sight of that renowned composer so electrified the audience, as to excite an attention and a pleasure superior to any that had ever been caused by instrumental music in England." Haydn made many new friends and, for

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and wrote his first symphonies for this ensemble – perhaps numbering in the double figures. Philip Downs comments of these first symphonies: "the seeds of the future are there, his works already exhibit a richness and profusion of material, and a disciplined yet varied expression." In 1760, with the

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Haydn's parents had noticed that their son was musically gifted and knew that in Rohrau he would have no chance to obtain serious musical training. It was for this reason that, around the time Haydn turned six, they accepted a proposal from their relative Johann Matthias Frankh, the schoolmaster and

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fell, rattling the windows and doors of his house. He called out in a loud voice to his alarmed and frightened people, 'Don't be afraid, children, where Haydn is, no harm can reach you!'. But the spirit was stronger than the flesh, for he had hardly uttered the brave words when his whole body began

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By the time he arrived on his second journey to England (1794–1795), Haydn had become a familiar figure on the London concert scene. The 1794 season was dominated by Salomon's ensemble, as the Professional Concerts had abandoned their efforts. The concerts included the premieres of the 99th, 100th,

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The date of Haydn's bout with smallpox is not preserved. It was prior to the time he was hired by Countess Thun (i.e. as a young adult; see above), since it is recorded that when she first encountered Haydn she observed his scars as part of the generally poor impression his appearance made on her.

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In 1779, an important change in Haydn's contract permitted him to publish his compositions without prior authorization from his employer. This may have encouraged Haydn to rekindle his career as a composer of "pure" music. The change made itself felt most dramatically in 1781, when Haydn published

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He excelled in every musical genre. He is familiarly known as the "father of the symphony" because he composed 107 symphonies, and could with greater justice be thus regarded for the string quartet; no other composer approaches his combination of productivity, quality and historical importance in

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By the end of 1803, Haydn's condition had declined to the point that he became physically unable to compose. He suffered from weakness, dizziness, inability to concentrate and painfully swollen legs. Since diagnosis was uncertain in Haydn's time, it is unlikely that the precise illness can ever be

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1779 was a watershed year for Haydn, as his contract was renegotiated: whereas previously all his compositions were the property of the Esterházy family, he now was permitted to write for others and sell his work to publishers. Haydn soon shifted his emphasis in composition to reflect this (fewer

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of about the same time, though it appears that the musical development actually preceded the literary one by a few years. The musical language of this period is similar to what went before, but it is deployed in work that is more intensely expressive, especially in the works in minor keys. James

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The tone of Haydn's music also reflects, perhaps, Haydn's fundamentally healthy and well-balanced personality. Occasional minor-key works, often deadly serious in character, form striking exceptions to the general rule. Haydn's fast movements tend to be rhythmically propulsive and often impart a

1247:, entrepreneur and public figure, but also aided the favorable reception of his music." Haydn was especially respected by the Esterházy court musicians whom he supervised, as he maintained a cordial working atmosphere and effectively represented the musicians' interests with their employer; see 1103:

The winding down of Haydn's career was gradual. The Esterházy family kept him on as Kapellmeister to the very end (much as they had with his predecessor Werner long before), but they appointed new staff to lead their musical establishment: Johann Michael Fuchs in 1802 as Vice-Kapellmeister and

2036:, the London visits yielded a net profit of 15,000 florins. Haydn continued to prosper after the visits and at his death left an estate valued at 55,713 florins. These were substantial sums; for comparison, the house he bought in Gumpendorf in 1793 (and then remodeled) cost only 1370 florins. 2195:, p. 112) writes: "Having begun to 'develop', he could not stop; his recapitulations begin to take on irregular contours, sometimes sharply condensed, sometimes surprisingly expanded, losing their first tame symmetry to regain a balance of a far higher and more satisfying order." 1502:

and pieces of music, and Keats had thus a welcome solace in the dreary hours he had to pass. Among the volumes was one of Haydn's Symphonies, and these were his delight, and he would exclaim enthusiastically, 'This Haydn is like a child, for there is no knowing what he will do next.'

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On 26 May Haydn played his "Emperor's Hymn" with unusual gusto three times; the same evening he collapsed and was taken to what proved to be to his deathbed. He died peacefully in his own home at 12:40 a.m. on 31 May 1809, aged 77. On 15 June, a memorial service was held in the

295:, then summarily dismissed and sent into the streets. He had the good fortune to be taken in by a friend, Johann Michael Spangler, who shared his family's crowded garret room with Haydn for a few months. Haydn immediately began his pursuit of a career as a freelance musician. 1466:, the String Quartet Op. 50 No. 1, and the Piano Trio Hob XV: 27. Haydn's early slow movements are usually not too slow in tempo, relaxed, and reflective. Later on, the emotional range of the slow movements increases, notably in the deeply felt slow movements of the quartets 764:

It was the start of a very auspicious period for Haydn: both the 1791–1792 journey, along with a repeat visit in 1794–1795, were greatly successful. Audiences flocked to Haydn's concerts; he augmented his fame and made large profits, thus becoming financially secure.

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Castle. Until the later part of his life, this isolated him from other composers and trends in music so that he was, as he put it, "forced to become original". Yet his music circulated widely, and for much of his career he was the most celebrated composer in Europe.

1523:) had gone out of fashion. This was a period of exploration and uncertainty, and Haydn, born 18 years before the death of Bach, was himself one of the musical explorers of this time. An older contemporary whose work Haydn acknowledged as an important influence was 1848:, p. 9); Jones (1810, 8), but some of his family members reported 1 April instead (Geiringer). The difficulty arises from the fact that in Haydn's day official records recorded not the birth date but the date of baptism, which, in Haydn's case, was 1 April 548:) were musical connoisseurs who appreciated his work and gave him daily access to his own small orchestra. During the nearly thirty years that Haydn worked at the Esterházy court, he produced a flood of compositions, and his musical style continued to develop. 552: 943:

proposed that the Esterházy musical establishment be revived with Haydn serving again as Kapellmeister. Haydn took up the position on a part-time basis. He spent his summers with the Esterházys in Eisenstadt, and over the course of several years wrote six

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Haydn was well cared for by his servants, and he received many visitors and public honors during his last years, but they could not have been very happy years for him. During his illness, Haydn often found solace by sitting at the piano and playing his

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in 1782, Haydn's music had dominated the concert scene in London; "hardly a concert did not feature a work by him". Haydn's work was widely distributed by publishers in London, including Forster (who had their own contract with Haydn) and Longman &

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has argued that this assertion on Haydn's part was not just sales talk but meant quite seriously, and he points out a number of important advances in Haydn's compositional technique that appear in these quartets, advances that mark the advent of the

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to tremble." More bombardments followed until the city fell to the French on 13 May. Haydn, was, however, deeply moved and appreciative when on 17 May a French cavalry officer named Sulémy came to pay his respects and sang, skillfully, an aria from

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in Vienna, who happened to be visiting Hainburg and was looking for new choirboys. Haydn passed his audition with Reutter, and after several months of further training moved to Vienna (1740), where he worked for the next nine years as a chorister.

2010:, p. 100) write: "Haydn's duties were crushing. We can notice the effect in his handwriting, which becomes hastier as the 1770s turn to the 1780s: the notation starts to become ever more careless in the scores and the abbreviations multiply." 927:. These were the venue of the last three symphonies, 102, 103, and 104. The final benefit concert for Haydn ("Dr. Haydn's night") at the end of the 1795 season was a great success and was perhaps the peak of his English career. Haydn's biographer 259:

and composition, giving him only two lessons in his entire time as chorister. However, since St. Stephen's was one of the leading musical centres in Europe, Haydn learned a great deal simply by serving as a professional musician there.

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style in full flower. These include a fluid form of phrasing, in which each motif emerges from the previous one without interruption, the practice of letting accompanying material evolve into melodic material, and a kind of "Classical

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for and with his patrons, and eventually the mounting of operatic productions. Despite this backbreaking workload, the job was in artistic terms a superb opportunity for Haydn. The Esterházy princes (Paul Anton, then from 1762 to 1790

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During the later years of this successful period, Haydn faced incipient old age and fluctuating health, and he had to struggle to complete his final works. His last major work, from 1802, was the sixth mass for the Esterházys, the

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Following the climax of the "Sturm und Drang", Haydn returned to a lighter, more overtly entertaining style. There are no quartets from this period, and the symphonies take on new features: the scoring often includes trumpets and

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First edition published in 1971. Covers much of Haydn's output and seeks to explicate Haydn's central role in the creation of the classical style. The work has been influential, provoking both positive citation and work (e.g.,

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By this time Haydn had become a public figure in Vienna. He spent most of his time in his home, a large house in the suburb of Windmühle, and wrote works for public performance. In collaboration with his librettist and mentor

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and 101st symphonies. For 1795, Salomon had abandoned his own series, citing difficulty in obtaining "vocal performers of the first rank from abroad", and Haydn joined forces with the Opera Concerts, headed by the violinist

3398:, p. 57). "he period from 1750 to 1775 was penetrated by eccentricity, hit-or-miss experimentation, resulting in works which are still difficult to accept today because of their oddities". Similar remarks are made by 752:

in time to cross the English Channel on New Year's Day of 1791. It was the first time that the 58-year-old composer had seen the sea. Arriving in London, Haydn stayed with Salomon in Great Pulteney Street (London, near

1075:. The illness was especially hard for Haydn because the flow of fresh musical ideas continued unabated, although he could no longer work them out as compositions. His biographer Dies reported Haydn saying in 1806: 223:

Life in the Frankh household was not easy for Haydn, who later remembered being frequently hungry and humiliated by the filthy state of his clothing. He began his musical training there, and could soon play both

635:, which was farther from Vienna than Eisenstadt, led Haydn gradually to feel more isolated and lonely. He longed to visit Vienna because of his friendships there. Of these, a particularly important one was with 104: 4176:

Sixty-seven scholars contribute over eighty entries as well as seven longer thematic essays on biography and identity, ideas, institutions, musical materials, people and networks, performance, and place.

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herself complained to Reutter about his singing, calling it "crowing". One day, Haydn carried out a prank, snipping off the pigtail of a fellow chorister. This was enough for Reutter: Haydn was first

2104:... is the figure of Haydn filled with musical ideas which were struggling to escape, as he himself said; he was too old and weak to go to the piano and submit to the discipline of working them out." 1032:", ("God Save Emperor Francis"). This achieved great success and became "the enduring emblem of Austrian identity right up to the First World War" (Jones). The melody was used for von Fallersleben's 919:. While in Vienna, Haydn purchased a house for himself and his wife in the suburbs and started remodeling it. He also arranged for the performance of some of his London symphonies in local concerts. 1243:): the man whose good character and worldly success enable and justify each other. His modesty and probity were everywhere acknowledged. These traits were not only prerequisites to his success as 575:. Haydn was commanded to provide music for the prince to play, and over the next ten years produced about 200 works for this instrument in various ensembles, the most notable of which are the 126 212:

period of his career had taught himself to play the harp. According to Haydn's later reminiscences, his family was extremely musical, and they frequently sang together and with their neighbours.

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The inscription continues (in abbreviations) "et Beatae Virginis Mariae et omnibus sanctis" ("and to the Blessed Virgin Mary and all the saints"). The image is taken from the 1900 edition of

1087:, then I notice my pulse beating slowly. My imagination plays on me as if I were a clavier." Haydn smiled, the blood rushed to his face, and he said "I am really just a living clavier." 5090: 845:, could be premiered in the 12 concerts of Salomon's spring concert series in 1791. Another problem arose from the jealously competitive efforts of a senior, rival orchestra, the 1575:); these are seldom performed today. Haydn sometimes recycled his opera music in symphonic works, which helped him continue his career as a symphonist during this hectic decade. 887: 1372:, often derived from standard accompanying figures. The music is often quite formally concentrated, and the important musical events of a movement can unfold rather quickly. 853:

as a rival visiting composer; the two composers, refusing to play along with the concocted rivalry, dined together and put each other's symphonies on their concert programs.

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Haydn struggled at first, working at many different jobs: as a music teacher, as a street serenader, and eventually, in 1752, as valet-accompanist for the Italian composer

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Haydn was short in stature, perhaps as a result of having been underfed throughout most of his youth. He was not handsome, and like many in his day he was a survivor of

1140:(who led the performance) and by other musicians and members of the aristocracy. Haydn was both moved and exhausted by the experience and had to depart at intermission. 267:, Haydn was motivated to sing well, in hopes of gaining more invitations to perform before aristocratic audiences, where the singers were usually served refreshments. 251:

Haydn lived in the Kapellhaus next to the cathedral, along with Reutter, Reutter's family, and the other four choirboys, which after 1745 included his younger brother

220:, that Haydn be apprenticed to Frankh in his home to train as a musician. Haydn therefore went off with Frankh to Hainburg and he never again lived with his parents. 1669:

assigns a catalog number to each work, called its Hoboken number (abbreviated H. or Hob.). These Hoboken numbers are often used in identifying Haydn's compositions.

6903: 5493: 5462: 4492: 3879: 3825: 1778: 516:. Haydn's job title was only Vice-Kapellmeister, but he was immediately placed in charge of most of the Esterházy musical establishment, with the old Kapellmeister 1696:. In Vienna in 1788 Haydn bought himself a fortepiano made by Wenzel Schantz. When the composer was visiting London for the first time, an English piano builder, 820:

piano trio. The great success of the overall enterprise does not mean that the journeys were free of trouble. Notably, his first project, the commissioned opera

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Much of Haydn's activity at the time followed the musical taste of his patron Prince Nikolaus. In about 1765, the prince obtained and began to learn to play the

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Count Morzin soon suffered financial reverses that forced him to dismiss his musical establishment, but Haydn was quickly offered a similar job (1761) by Prince

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Various individuals bore the title "Countess Thun" over time. Candidates for the countess who engaged Haydn are (a) "the elder Countess Maria Christine Thun", (

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as Konzertmeister in 1804. Haydn's last summer in Eisenstadt was in 1803, and his last appearance before the public as a conductor was a charity performance of

2113:"Clavier" in the original German is ambiguous; literally "keyboard", it is used by extension to denote a keyboard instrument such as the piano or harpsichord. 1136:

was organized in his honour. The very frail composer was brought into the hall on an armchair to the sound of trumpets and drums and was greeted by Beethoven,

255:. The choirboys were instructed in Latin and other school subjects as well as voice, violin, and keyboard. Reutter was of little help to Haydn in the areas of 1831:. Haydn was baptized "Franciscus Josephus" (Franz Joseph), but "Franz" was not used during Haydn's lifetime and is avoided by scholars today ("Haydn, Joseph" 1079:

I must have something to do—usually musical ideas are pursuing me, to the point of torture, I cannot escape them, they stand like walls before me. If it's an

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wrote, "The last years of Haydn's life, with all his success, comfort, and celebrity, are among the saddest in music. More moving than the false pathos of a

539:, a grand new palace built in rural Hungary in the 1760s. Haydn had a huge range of responsibilities, including composition, running the orchestra, playing 1438:

Perhaps more than any other composer's, Haydn's music is known for its humor. The most famous example is the sudden loud chord in the slow movement of his

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wrote: "he couldn't understand how it happened that in his life he had been loved by many a pretty woman. 'They couldn't have been led to it by my beauty.

860:), but also had time to travel, notably to Oxford, where he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the university. The symphony performed for the occasion, 5598: 1407:, in which the music that establishes the dominant key is similar or identical to the opening theme. Haydn also differs from Mozart and Beethoven in his 2895: 1567:. These changes are often related to a major shift in Haydn's professional duties, which moved him away from "pure" music and toward the production of 7126: 7046: 4867: 4304: 931:

wrote that Haydn "considered the days spent in England the happiest of his life. He was everywhere appreciated there; it opened a new world to him".

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Webster describes the works of this period as "longer, more passionate, and more daring". Some of the most famous compositions of this time are the

5502: 4472: 1783: 1121: 7131: 7096: 6375: 5532: 5179: 5057: 4550: 4370: 3178:, p. 44. These same traits, and his connection to the aristocracy contributed to the decline in his reputation in the nineteenth century: 609: 4217:

Haydn, Mozart und die Großfürstin. Eine Studie zur Uraufführung der "Russischen Quartette" op. 33 in den Kaiserappartements der Wiener Hofburg

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While a chorister, Haydn had not received any systematic training in music theory and composition. As a remedy, he worked his way through the

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Surveys the decline in Haydn's reputation in the nineteenth century before examining the factors that led to a resurgence in the twentieth.

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when he had trouble composing, a practice that he usually found to be effective. He normally began the manuscript of each composition with

314: 745:). Efforts to bring Haydn to London had been made since 1782, though Haydn's loyalty to Prince Nikolaus had prevented him from accepting. 2019:

There is no evidence that Haydn ever attended a meeting after his admittance ceremony, and he was dropped from the lodge's rolls in 1787.

1607:" in which each instrumental part maintains its own integrity. These traits continue in the many quartets that Haydn wrote after Op. 33. 6896: 5486: 4969: 4477: 3753:

Focuses on biography rather than musical works; an up-to-date study benefiting from recent scholarly research on Haydn's life and times.

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man, Haydn now felt that he had the privilege of taking his time and writing for posterity. This is reflected in the subject matter of

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shortly after burial, and the skull was reunited with the other remains only in 1954, now interred in a tomb in the north tower of the

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who also served as "Marktrichter", or marketplace supervisor. Haydn's mother Maria, née Koller, had worked as a cook in the palace of

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great sense of energy, especially in the finales. Some characteristic examples of Haydn's "rollicking" finale type are found in the

481: 84: 1676:, which have the advantage of indicating the groups of six quartets that Haydn published together. For example, the string quartet 1215: 373:, who, in 1757, became his first full-time employer. His salary was a respectable 200 florins a year, plus free board and lodging. 3902:

Careful scholarship with little subjective interpretation; covers both life and music, and includes a very detailed list of works.

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Haydn's "Farewell" symphony and the idea of classical style: through-composition and cyclic integration in his instrumental music

2130:, p. 51). According to the less-reliable Dies, the date was 25 May, the officer's name was Sulimi, and he sang an aria from 2101: 1340:

he suffered during much of his adult life, an agonizing and debilitating disease that at times prevented him from writing music.

940: 908: 302: 153: 2266:. For discussion of the development of the same trend in Haydn's style in the symphonies that preceded the Opus 33 quartets see 239:

There is reason to think that Haydn's singing impressed those who heard him, because in 1739 he was brought to the attention of

6400: 5542: 5537: 5527: 5522: 5517: 4757: 4717: 1879: 1677: 1654:, as other composers were soon following his lead. Notably, Beethoven adopted the practice of taking his time and aiming high. 1590: 1552: 1467: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1016: 1010: 1004: 600: 596: 592: 7111: 6889: 5591: 5479: 5188: 5066: 4772: 4502: 4487: 2562: 1768: 1763: 1572: 1403:, his younger contemporaries who likewise excelled in this form of composition. Haydn was particularly fond of the so-called 945: 748:

After fond farewells from Mozart and other friends, Haydn departed from Vienna with Salomon on 15 December 1790, arriving in

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on 26 December 1803. As debility set in, he made largely futile efforts at composition, attempting to revise a rediscovered

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The end of Salomon's series in June gave Haydn a rare period of relative leisure. He spent some of the time in the country (

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Like Frankh before him, Reutter did not always bother to make sure Haydn was properly fed. As he later told his biographer

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Covers each of the genres Haydn composed in as well as stylistic and interpretive contexts and performance and reception.

2236:, it properly pertains to a literary movement of the middle and late 1770s rather than a musical one of about 1768–1772". 434: 7116: 7106: 7081: 6528: 5332: 5024: 4951: 4946: 4737: 4609: 4314: 4083: 3874: 3260: 2233: 1228: 984:(1801). Both were enthusiastically received. Haydn frequently appeared before the public, often leading performances of 663: 4254:

Tolley, Thomas (2017). "'Divorce a la mode': The Schwellenberg Affair and Haydn's Engagement with English Caricature".

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One of the first biographies of Haydn, written on the basis of 30 interviews carried out during the composer's old age.

2779:(Vienna 2014). As Lorenz notes, the identity of Haydn's wife was mistaken for most of the history of Haydn scholarship. 7141: 6613: 5450: 5255: 4988: 3740:

Originally published in 1950. Gives a sympathetic and witty account of Haydn's life, along with a survey of the music.

4412: 1793: 1278:. He retained this practice even in his secular works; he frequently only uses the initials "L. D.", "S. D. G." [ 4331: 3369:

The means by which Haydn fools the listener as to the location of the downbeat are discussed by Danuta Mirka (2009)

1368:

A central characteristic of Haydn's music is the development of larger structures out of very short, simple musical

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Rosen's case that Opus 33 represents a "revolution in style" (1971 and 1997, 116) can be found in chapter III.1 of

1940: 1045: 993: 509: 2459:, also pursued a musical career as a tenor, but achieved no distinction and was for some time supported by Joseph. 1482:

tend to have a strong downbeat and a clearly popular character. Over time, Haydn turned some of his minuets into "

408: 6593: 6543: 6538: 6488: 5584: 3725: 3578: 1593:, announcing (in a letter to potential purchasers) that they were written in "a new and completely special way". 1524: 817: 339: 287:

By 1749, Haydn had matured physically to the point that he was no longer able to sing high choral parts. Empress

527:

and followed the family as they moved among their various palaces, most importantly the family's ancestral seat

6688: 6391: 6327: 6319: 6314: 6306: 6298: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5387: 5006: 4853: 4624: 2700:, "New Sources for Haydn's Early Biography", unpublished paper given at the AMS Montréal, 7 November 1993 (see 1475: 1463: 1256: 998: 924: 808: 802: 796: 636: 520:

retaining authority only for church music. When Werner died in 1766, Haydn was elevated to full Kapellmeister.

110: 97: 5247: 5239: 4332:

Michael Lorenz, "Haydn Singing at Vivaldi's Exequies: An Ineradicable Myth". Michael Lorenz blog, 9 June 2014

831: 448: 2776: 7121: 6928: 6847: 6558: 6429: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6275: 6270: 6262: 6257: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6198: 6193: 6185: 6177: 6169: 6161: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6047: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6010: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5979: 5974: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5943: 5935: 5927: 5922: 5914: 5906: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5872: 5867: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5821: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5795: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5764: 5759: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5382: 5377: 5311: 4777: 4727: 4591: 4180: 3673: 3595:

Biographische Nachrichten von Joseph Haydn nach mündlichen Erzählungen desselben entworfen und herausgegeben

2456: 1862: 1548: 1544: 1471: 1439: 1396: 1252: 1192: 1147: 1124:. The former project was abandoned for good in 1805, and the quartet was published with just two movements. 928: 881: 877: 873: 869: 861: 839: 835: 822: 790: 679: 675: 647: 343: 204:, the presiding aristocrat of Rohrau. Neither parent could read music; however, Mathias was an enthusiastic 4310: 1313: 1154:

Haydn lived on for 14 more months. His final days were hardly serene, as in May 1809 the French army under

6974: 6870: 6840: 6797: 5688: 5680: 5672: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5287: 5126: 1731: 1520: 1408: 1172: 732:

The choice was a sensible one because Haydn was already a very popular composer there. Since the death of

361: 31: 1430:

form—variations on two alternating themes, which are often major- and minor-mode versions of each other.

1040:(1841), which was written as part of the German unification movement and whose third stanza is today the 678:. Impressed by Mozart's work, Haydn praised it unstintingly to others. Mozart returned the esteem in his 430: 7026: 6912: 6760: 6693: 6563: 6493: 6414: 5165: 5043: 4821: 4722: 4675: 4482: 4356: 3705: 3590: 3522: 3474: 2059: 1916: 1516: 1326: 1293: 1105: 965: 846: 733: 667: 655: 640: 576: 353:

As his skills increased, Haydn began to acquire a public reputation, first as the composer of an opera,

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This book focuses on a single work, but contains many observations and opinions about Haydn in general.

1798: 556: 545: 513: 4250:

Covers not just Op. 50 but also its relevance to Haydn's other output as well as his earlier quartets.

4116:(2010). "Aspekte des Erhabenen in Haydns Spätwerk". In Celestini, Federico; Dorschel, Andreas (eds.). 1411:

sections, where he often rearranges the order of themes compared to the exposition and uses extensive

1183:

until 1820, when they were moved to Eisenstadt by Prince Nikolaus. His head took a different journey;

1158:

launched an attack on Vienna and on 10 May bombarded his neighborhood. According to Griesinger, "Four

7036: 7031: 6933: 6807: 6419: 5100: 5085: 5016: 4629: 4529: 4523: 4402: 4289: 3767: 1920: 1899: 1633: 1616: 1412: 1400: 1232: 1116: 1110: 974: 900: 781: 722: 528: 240: 1672:

Haydn's string quartets also have Hoboken numbers, but they are usually identified instead by their

313:, from whom he later said he learned "the true fundamentals of composition". He was also briefly in 6817: 6623: 6608: 6573: 6568: 6533: 6483: 6466: 6451: 5263: 4732: 4543: 4536: 3251: 2033: 1662: 1639: 1599: 980: 834:. Haydn was well paid for the opera (£300) but much time was wasted. Thus only two new symphonies, 572: 330: 6866: 6598: 4300: 3605:

Dies, Albert Christoph (1963). "Biographical Accounts of Joseph Haydn". In Gotwals, Vernon (ed.).

2219:, p. 111) attributes to Haydn "an aptitude for the facetious that no other composer enjoyed". 955: 6618: 5634: 5629: 5131: 4113: 4071: 3566: 3499: 2557: 1978: 758: 703: 671: 386: 5141: 4665: 3949:

Haydn and Mozart in the Long Nineteenth Century: Parallel and Intersecting Patterns of Reception

1336:

Haydn had a dark complexion and black eyes. His nose, large and aquiline, was disfigured by the

718: 298: 3336:

Cohen, Jack (1998), "The agony of nasal polyps and the terror of their removal 200 years ago",

2343: 1375: 6822: 6776: 6578: 6548: 6513: 6248: 5566: 5207: 4691: 4634: 4507: 4460: 4263: 4239: 4220: 4212: 4188: 4165: 4145: 4121: 4091: 4054: 4038: 3996: 3969: 3952: 3929: 3891: 3860: 3839: 3820: 3801: 3775: 3729: 3681: 3658: 3633: 3610: 3539: 3491: 3255: 2731: 2721: 2659: 2347: 1666: 1620: 1423: 1021: 771: 754: 501: 355: 335: 189: 2653: 6986: 6653: 6588: 6503: 6446: 6152: 5295: 5271: 4998: 4798: 4619: 4465: 4417: 4063: 3582: 3531: 3517: 3483: 3338: 3121: 2973: 1717: 1555:, all from c. 1771–72. It was also around this time that Haydn became interested in writing 1454:), and the remarkable rhythmic illusion placed in the trio section of the third movement of 1427: 1176: 1143: 1072: 949: 868:, although it had been written two years before, in 1789. Four further new symphonies (Nos. 830:

was unable to obtain a license to permit opera performances in the theatre he directed, the

651: 604: 347: 149: 61: 6781: 6755: 6683: 6663: 6648: 6508: 6441: 5110: 4910: 4803: 4614: 3925: 3917: 3791: 3744: 3625: 3356: 2204: 1990: 1539: 1535: 1422:

into the classical style and to enrich the rondo form with more cohesive tonal logic (see

1281: 1137: 1080: 1068: 1041: 1035: 857: 788:

Musically, Haydn's visits to England generated some of his best-known work, including the

738: 455: 185: 6461: 4422: 1898:, p. 7 dates the visit to early summer, i.e. cherry season, since during the visit, 1828: 1184: 180:. In the foreground is the Kapellhaus (demolished 1804) where Haydn lived as a chorister. 3599:

Biographical Accounts of Joseph Haydn, written and edited from his own spoken narratives

2337: 2232:, p. 18): "the term has been criticized: taken from the title of a play of 1776 by 1989:, p. 109). Joseph Haydn had a long relationship, starting in 1779, with the singer 1902:

plied the child with fresh cherries as a means of inducing him to learn to sing a trill.

6998: 6940: 6724: 6698: 6668: 6638: 6603: 6518: 6476: 6434: 5547: 5303: 5136: 4938: 4892: 4762: 4285: 3913: 3816:

and rich in original source documents. Analysis and appreciation of the works by Jones.

3652: 3648: 3571: 2553: 2333: 2293: 2080: 1697: 1203: 1084: 766: 659: 310: 118: 1211:("by me Joseph Haydn"). He writes in Italian, a language he often used professionally. 996:

programs with massed musical forces. He also composed instrumental music: the popular

7020: 6812: 6673: 6583: 6553: 5231: 5146: 4980: 4961: 4586: 4581: 4432: 4030: 3989: 3984: 3795: 2084: 1594: 1512: 1494: 1369: 1244: 1096: 1054: 683: 632: 625: 540: 517: 496: 288: 252: 193: 157: 141: 114: 4281: 1511:

Haydn's early work dates from a period in which the compositional style of the High

1354:

James Webster summarizes Haydn's role in the history of classical music as follows:

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A comprehensive one-volume collection of detailed contributions by Haydn scholars.

3694: 3535: 1939:, p. 8. Webster expresses doubts, since the source is the early biography of 551: 536: 137: 4026:. Further discussion of Haydn's style and technique as it relates to sonata form. 3854: 3709: 826:

was duly written during the early stages of the trip, but the opera's impresario

6678: 6643: 6523: 6498: 5324: 5223: 4767: 4341: 4018: 3944: 2697: 1673: 1568: 1404: 1392: 1337: 397: 229: 225: 197: 3676:(1963). "Biographical Notes Concerning Joseph Haydn". In Vernon Gotwals (ed.). 3669:

The first edition was published in 1946 with Karl Geiringer as the sole author.

3487: 1083:

that pursues me, my pulse keeps beating faster, I can get no sleep. If it's an

192:, a village that at that time stood on the border with Hungary. His father was 6802: 6745: 6456: 4439: 3371:

Metric Manipulations in Haydn and Mozart: Chamber Music for Strings, 1787–1791

2126:"Mit Würd' und Hoheit angetan", the aria narrating the creation of humankind; 1707: 1612: 1534:

In the late 1760s and early 1770s, Haydn entered a stylistic period known as "

1490: 1248: 1231:

writes of Haydn's public character thus: "Haydn's public life exemplified the

1188: 912: 726: 532: 318: 270: 209: 205: 122: 109:; 31 March 1732 – 31 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the 5576: 4267: 3609:. (translation by Vernon Gotwals). Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press. 3543: 3495: 3352: 2207:

calls him "the funniest of the great composers" (preface to Richard Wigmore,

6750: 6719: 6347: 4845: 2735: 1180: 1159: 3701:. Like Dies's, a biography produced from interviews with the elderly Haydn. 939:

Haydn returned to Vienna in 1795. Prince Anton had died, and his successor

698: 3680:. Translated by Vernon Gotwals. Milwaukee: University of Wisconsin Press. 3472:

Latcham, Michael (1997). "Mozart and the Pianos of Gabriel Anton Walter".

3000: 1578: 37: 5157: 5035: 2715: 1624: 1559:

in the Baroque style, and three of the Op. 20 quartets end with a fugue.

1322: 1220: 1155: 1002:, and the last nine in his long series of string quartets, including the 614: 130: 6881: 915:

for the summer, where Haydn had little to do, and taught Beethoven some

643:

for piano, Hob. XVII:6, may have been written in response to her death.

3503: 1564: 1483: 1479: 742: 564: 422: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 317:'s employ, playing the organ in the Bohemian Chancellery chapel at the 4219:(in German). Vienna: Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.m.b.H. 4075: 3353:"Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809): Composer: Biography, music and facts" 2599:, "Haydns Orgeldienste 'in der damaligen Gräfl. Haugwitzischen Kapelle 2066:

sang the role of Euridice. The opera and its history are discussed in

1739: 1391:

Haydn's work was central to the development of what came to be called

729:, to visit England and conduct new symphonies with a large orchestra. 381: 3856:

Haydn: A Biography, with a Survey of Books, Editions & Recordings

1325:; his face was pitted with the scars of this disease. His biographer 1263: 911:

up until the second London journey. Haydn took Beethoven with him to

749: 717:

In 1790, Prince Nikolaus died and was succeeded as prince by his son

524: 292: 17: 6360: 4067: 1132:". A final triumph occurred on 27 March 1808 when a performance of 603:). Haydn also composed in response to commissions from abroad: the 136:

Haydn spent much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy

4326: 2058:

The premier performance did not take place until 1951, during the

1692:

in Wien" fortepiano used by the composer is now on display in the

1577: 1556: 1419: 1374: 1312: 1259:

and in Dies's biography, based on visits made in Haydn's old age.

1214: 1202: 1142: 1090: 954: 886: 776: 697: 619: 550: 380: 297: 269: 233: 172: 36: 4832: 4320: 1844:

The date is uncertain. Haydn told others he was born on this day

500:, that is, music director. He led the count's small orchestra in 346:

and Dies, in the 1750s Haydn studied an encyclopedic treatise by

4924:

Violin Concerto No. 3 in A major, Hob. VIIa/3 ("Melker Konzert")

2079:

The house, at Haydngasse 19, has since 1899 been a Haydn museum

904: 584: 568: 523:

As a "house officer" in the Esterházy establishment, Haydn wore

6885: 6364: 6351: 5580: 5475: 5328: 5161: 5039: 4849: 4836: 4352: 4348: 1680:

is the third of the six quartets published in 1799 as Opus 76.

3120:, p. 198 gives the testimony of Haydn's early biographer 2717:

Classical music : the era of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven

391: 76: 3786:

An extensive compilation of original sources in five volumes.

2972:

For narratives of Haydn's last days in Mozart's company, see

1960:

gives 1759. For the evidence supporting the earlier date see

1947:, p. 1) the least reliable of Haydn's early biographers. 1489:

One of the most apt tributes to Haydn was spoken by the poet

1024:

in London, in 1797 Haydn wrote a patriotic "Emperor's Hymn" "

741:(who served as agent in England for Haydn's Vienna publisher 1551:, the Piano Sonata in C minor (Hob. XVI/20, L. 33), and the 1395:. His practice, however, differed in some ways from that of 1224:("praise be to God") at the conclusion of a Haydn manuscript 1418:

Haydn's formal inventiveness also led him to integrate the

1044:

of the Federal Republic of Germany. (Modern Austria uses a

899:

While traveling to London in 1790, Haydn had met the young

70: 4337: 4208:

A brief (55-page) introduction to Haydn's string quartets.

4052:

Sutcliffe, W. Dean (1989). "Haydn's Musical Personality".

3966:

Reviving Haydn: New Appreciations in the Twentieth Century

2377: 2375: 1179:

was performed. Haydn's remains were interred in the local

4256:

Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography

1919:(later a famous salon hostess and patroness of Mozart), ( 1665:

prepared a comprehensive catalogue of Haydn's works. The

1317:

Portrait of Joseph Haydn by Christian Ludwig Seehas, 1785

3644:

Highly detailed discussion of life and work; in German.

3264:(translation of Pohl's German paper for this journal). 3065:, p. 146; for the arteriosclerosis hypothesis see 5091:

Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae

3968:. Rochester, New York: University of Rochester Press. 2339:

The Piano Trio: Its History, Technique, and Repertoire

1623:, the late quartets and piano trios, and the two late 654:

sometime around 1784. According to later testimony by

385:

Haydn's wife. Unauthenticated miniature attributed to

6958: 3812:

Biography chapters by Robbins Landon, excerpted from

3314:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 134. 3312:

Thayer's Life of Beethoven, rev and ed. Elliot Forbes

1956:

This date is uncertain, since the early biography of

770:

a time, was involved in a romantic relationship with

658:

and others, the two composers occasionally played in

567:, an uncommon musical instrument similar to the bass 85: 3144: 3142: 1650:

The change in Haydn's approach was important in the

1531:

observed in the evolution of Haydn's musical style.

1442:; Haydn's many other musical jokes include numerous 1262:

Haydn was a devout Catholic who often turned to his

73: 6790: 6769: 6733: 6712: 6407: 6246: 6207: 6150: 6022: 5881: 5752: 5622: 5442: 5370: 5199: 5015: 4997: 4979: 4960: 4937: 4909: 4891: 4786: 4750: 4710: 4684: 4643: 4600: 4574: 4567: 4516: 4448: 4395: 3918:"Does classical music have to be entirely serious?" 1861:Haydn made the remark to his friend and biographer 1571:. Several of the operas were Haydn's own work (see 784:, principal venue of Haydn's performances in London 607:(1785–1786) and the original orchestral version of 67: 64: 4901:Keyboard Concerto No. 11 in D major, Hob. XVIII/11 4017: 3988: 3774:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 3570: 2215:focuses on the humor of both Haydn and Beethoven. 1993:, and was probably the father of her son Antonio ( 907:. On Haydn's return, Beethoven came to Vienna and 4160:Clark, Caryl; Day-O'Connell, Sarah, eds. (2019). 4132:On the sublime in Haydn's later works; in German. 3924:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 3159: 3157: 3077: 3075: 2983: 2981: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2279:Rosen discusses the popular style in ch. VI.1 of 1486:" which are much faster, at one beat to the bar. 5025:Sinfonia Concertante in B flat major, Hob. I/105 1865:; cited from English version by Vernon Gotwals ( 1538:" ("storm and stress"). This term is taken from 1426:). Haydn was also the principal exponent of the 5463:List of solo piano compositions by Joseph Haydn 3920:. In Margalit, Edna; Margalit, Avishai (eds.). 3880:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 3826:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 1981:, an artist who produced the portrait of Haydn 1779:List of solo piano compositions by Joseph Haydn 1499: 1356: 1077: 959:Wax sculpture of Haydn by Franz Thaler, c. 1800 2639:Haydn: The Life & Work of a Musical Genius 2615: 2613: 2560:[Spangler (really Spängler), family]. 2519: 2517: 1099:) where Haydn spent the last years of his life 1020:. Directly inspired by hearing audiences sing 587:to insert into the operas of other composers. 6897: 6376: 5592: 5487: 5340: 5173: 5051: 5007:Trumpet Concerto in E flat major, Hob. VIIe/1 4929:Violin Concerto No. 4 in G major, Hob. VIIa/4 4919:Violin Concerto No. 1 in C major, Hob. VIIa/1 4861: 4364: 4120:. Vienna: Universal Edition. pp. 16–41. 3991:The classical style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven 3277: 3275: 2632: 2630: 2628: 8: 5096:Missa in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae 4952:Cello Concerto No. 2 in D major, Hob. VIIb/2 4947:Cello Concerto No. 1 in C major, Hob. VIIb/1 4164:. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press. 3716:Reissued 2010 by Cambridge University Press. 3423: 3386:, p. 67, Sampson Low, Marston & Company. 2882: 2701: 2381: 2157:; it does not identify the work in question. 1832: 1380: 1033: 1025: 113:. He was instrumental in the development of 30:"Haydn" redirects here. For other uses, see 4989:Horn Concerto No. 1 in D major, Hob. VIId/3 3813: 3297: 2813: 2658:. University of Chicago Press. p. 94. 2492: 2245:Original German "Neu, gantz besonderer Art" 2046: 2007: 1994: 1986: 1961: 1301: 1287: 1279: 1273: 1267: 6904: 6890: 6882: 6383: 6369: 6361: 6348: 5599: 5585: 5577: 5494: 5480: 5472: 5347: 5333: 5325: 5180: 5166: 5158: 5058: 5044: 5036: 4868: 4854: 4846: 4833: 4571: 4371: 4357: 4349: 3657:(3rd ed.). University of California. 3601:]. Vienna: Camesinaische Buchhandlung. 3226: 3190: 3148: 2685: 2480: 2424: 2127: 1957: 1866: 4305:International Music Score Library Project 4238:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4144:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4090:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3951:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3459: 3133: 3117: 3037: 2943: 2862: 2850: 2837: 2789: 2748: 2619: 2539: 2180: 2168: 2154:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2067: 1845: 682:. In 1785 Haydn was admitted to the same 670:(cello) for small gatherings attended by 494:Haydn's job title under Count Morzin was 482:Learn how and when to remove this message 129:have led him to be called "Father of the 7147:People from Bruck an der Leitha District 3692:A translation from the original German: 2468: 1891: 1120:from his teenage years and complete his 6965: 4037:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 4009: 3877:; Feder, Georg (2001). "Joseph Haydn". 3696:Biographische Notizen über Joseph Haydn 3411: 3373:, Oxford University Press, pp. 197–198. 3281: 3214: 3198: 3179: 3175: 3049: 2874: 2801: 2760: 2652:Tom Beghin; Sander M. Goldberg (2007). 2556:; Christian Fastl (13 September 2018). 2527: 2508: 2440: 2412: 2313: 2263: 2229: 2212: 2139: 1965: 1944: 1936: 1912: 1820: 1784:List of string quartets by Joseph Haydn 972:, he composed his two great oratorios, 202:Aloys Thomas Raimund, Count von Harrach 4970:Oboe Concerto in C major, Hob. VIIg/C1 3520:(2000). "Mozart's Walter fortepiano". 3435: 3399: 3324: 3238: 3163: 3105: 3093: 3081: 3066: 3062: 3025: 2987: 2960: 2931: 2919: 2825: 2584: 2452: 2320: 2259: 2192: 2029: 1895: 1849: 1647:so long because he wanted it to last. 1207:Haydn's signature on a work of music: 968:, and with funding from van Swieten's 757:) working in a borrowed studio at the 133:" and "Father of the String quartet". 3699:(1810). Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel 3447: 3395: 3384:The Life and Letters of Joseph Severn 2878: 2865:, p. 316, citing Robbins Landon. 2655:Haydn and the Performance of Rhetoric 2366: 2280: 2267: 2255: 2216: 2097: 1700:, supplied him with a concert grand. 1478:, and the Piano Trio Hob XV: 23. The 96: 7: 3293: 3210: 3194: 2523: 2504: 2436: 2408: 2342:. Oxford University Press. pp. 2135: 2114: 1754:List of compositions by Joseph Haydn 1350:List of compositions by Joseph Haydn 420:adding citations to reliable sources 315:Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz 156:, and the elder brother of composer 7102:Classical composers of church music 7072:Austrian Classical-period composers 3342:108(9): 1311–1313 (September 1998). 3296:, (in the English translation from 3213:, (in the English translation from 3197:, (in the English translation from 2558:"Spangler (eig. Spängler), Familie" 2526:, (in the English translation from 2507:, (in the English translation from 2455:, pp. 12–13. A third brother, 2439:, (in the English translation from 2411:, (in the English translation from 2045:From Burney's memoirs; quoted from 1774:List of piano trios by Joseph Haydn 1545:"Trauer" (Mourning) Symphony No. 44 1296:] and sometimes adds, "et om si 1150:in Eisenstadt, site of Haydn's tomb 5106:Missa brevis Sancti Joannis de Deo 4327:The Haydn Society of North America 3995:(2nd ed.). New York: Norton. 3001:"Hertfordshire's Haydn Connection" 2720:. New York: W. W. Norton. ch. 11. 2138:, in the English translation from 1789:List of symphonies by Joseph Haydn 864:has since come to be known as the 849:, who recruited Haydn's old pupil 338:and carefully studied the work of 25: 4187:. New York: Thames & Hudson. 4035:Haydn and the Classical Variation 4024:(2nd ed.). New York: Norton. 3759:Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn 3678:Haydn: Two Contemporary Portraits 3607:Haydn: Two Contemporary Portraits 3003:. Hertfordshire Festival of Music 1977:Mrs. Haydn's paramour (1770) was 1759:List of concertos by Joseph Haydn 7127:Austrian male classical pianists 7047:18th-century classical composers 7004: 6992: 6980: 6968: 6865: 6856: 6855: 5122:Missa Sancti Bernardi von Offida 4817: 4816: 4162:The Cambridge Haydn Encyclopedia 4138:The Cambridge Companion to Haydn 3940:On jokes in Haydn and Beethoven. 3885:Published separately as a book: 2298:The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven 1982: 1878:Haydn reported this in his 1776 1738: 1724: 1710: 992:for charity benefits, including 884:) were performed in early 1792. 512:, head of the immensely wealthy 396: 60: 7077:Austrian expatriates in Hungary 6401:List of Classical-era composers 4794:Beethoven–Haydn–Mozart Memorial 4758:Joseph Haydn Kammerphilharmonie 3654:Haydn: A Creative Life in Music 3573:Mozart: A Documentary Biography 2209:The Faber Pocket Guide to Haydn 581:several of the operas performed 559:, Haydn's most important patron 407:needs additional citations for 98:[ˈfʁantsˈjoːzɛfˈhaɪdn̩] 4551:The Seven Last Words of Christ 4236:Haydn, string quartets, op. 50 3724:(Revised ed.). New York: 2896:"In the Services of Esterházy" 2563:Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon 1769:List of operas by Joseph Haydn 1764:List of masses by Joseph Haydn 1573:List of operas by Joseph Haydn 1062:Retirement, illness, and death 610:The Seven Last Words of Christ 1: 7132:Austrian male opera composers 7097:Catholic liturgical composers 4558:Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser 4142:Cambridge Companions to Music 3890:. New York: Macmillan. 2002. 3024:, article by Jane Holland in 2300:, Heinemann, London, pp. 7–8. 1583:Joseph Haydn Playing Quartets 1383:Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser 1028:Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser 970:Gesellschaft der Associierten 707: 646:Another friend in Vienna was 303:Morzin Palace, Dolní Lukavice 150:a friend and mentor of Mozart 46: 27:Austrian composer (1732–1809) 7152:Musicians from Lower Austria 7042:18th-century Austrian people 4610:Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf 4315:Choral Public Domain Library 3922:Isaiah Berlin: A Celebration 3800:. Indiana University Press. 2258:. For dissenting views, see 713:, depicts Haydn c. 1770 664:Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf 571:, but with a set of plucked 7067:Austrian classical pianists 7057:19th-century male musicians 7052:18th-century male musicians 5451:Haydn: The Six Last Sonatas 4311:Free scores by Joseph Haydn 4301:Free scores by Joseph Haydn 4234:Sutcliffe, W. Dean (1992). 3651:; Geiringer, Irene (1982). 3630:Joseph Haydn und seine Zeit 3536:10.1093/earlyj/xxviii.4.686 3256:"Haydn with the Esterhazys" 2637:Dodds, Glen Lyndon (2015). 1615:or folk-like material (see 276:locations where Haydn lived 243:, the director of music in 7178: 4136:Clark, Caryl, ed. (2005). 3853:Redfern, Brian L. (1970). 3838:. New York: Norton. 1982. 3772:Haydn: Chronicle and Works 3761:. Oxford University Press. 3757:Jones, David Wyn (2009b). 3751:. Oxford University Press. 3310:Thayer, Alexander (1967). 2777:"Joseph Haydn's Real Wife" 2551:Or "Spängler" (1722–1794) 1833:Webster & Feder (2001) 1804:List of Haydn's residences 1652:history of classical music 1591:six Op. 33 String Quartets 1549:"Farewell" Symphony No. 45 1347: 613:(1786), a commission from 29: 6919: 6835: 6398: 6358: 6353:Links to related articles 5559: 5513: 5460: 5434:Hob. XVI/52, E-flat major 5424:Hob. XVI/49, E-flat major 5419:Hob. XVI/38, E-flat major 5399:Hob. XVI/18, B-flat major 5394:Hob. XVI/17, B-flat major 5081: 4843: 4812: 4386: 4202:Hughes, Rosemary (1966). 3797:Haydn: His Life and Music 3726:Farrar, Straus and Giroux 3720:Hughes, Rosemary (1970). 3632:. Laaber: Laaber-Verlag. 3579:Stanford University Press 3261:Dwight's Journal of Music 2714:Downs, Philip G. (1992). 2102:pauper's grave for Mozart 1553:six "Sun" Quartets Op. 20 1525:Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach 1464:"London" Symphony No. 104 1381: 1026: 725:, a German violinist and 365:) in Lent and Holy Week. 340:Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach 241:Georg Reutter the Younger 228:and violin. He also sang 184:Joseph Haydn was born in 7162:String quartet composers 7157:Pupils of Nicola Porpora 7092:Austrian Roman Catholics 7087:Austrian opera composers 4625:Maria Anna von Genzinger 3831:Published separately as 3823:(1980). "Joseph Haydn". 3674:Griesinger, Georg August 3603:English translation in: 3488:10.1093/earlyj/XXV.3.383 3424:Webster & Feder 2001 2883:Webster & Feder 2001 2702:Webster & Feder 2001 2605:Wiener Geschichtsblätter 2382:Webster & Feder 2001 2047:Landon & Jones (1988 1962:Landon & Jones (1988 1794:Joseph Haydn's ethnicity 1611:was the frequent use of 1199:Character and appearance 925:Giovanni Battista Viotti 637:Maria Anna von Genzinger 7137:National anthem writers 6929:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 5086:Missa Brevis in F major 4728:Georg August Griesinger 4718:Autobiographical sketch 4656:Paul II Anton Esterházy 4620:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 4592:Johann Evangelist Haydn 4295:Encyclopædia Britannica 4016:Rosen, Charles (1988). 3964:Proksch, Bryan (2015). 3790:Landon, H. C. Robbins; 3298:Landon & Jones 1988 2814:Landon & Jones 1988 2493:Landon & Jones 1988 2457:Johann Evangelist Haydn 2394:Brenet, Michel (1972). 2008:Landon & Jones 1988 1995:Landon & Jones 1988 1987:Landon & Jones 1988 1941:Nicolas-Étienne Framery 1880:Autobiographical sketch 1863:Georg August Griesinger 1446:(e.g., in the quartets 1405:monothematic exposition 948:for them including the 676:Giovanni Battista Casti 648:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 583:and wrote substitution 245:St. Stephen's Cathedral 178:St. Stephen's Cathedral 125:. His contributions to 6798:Common practice period 5127:Missa in tempore belli 4012:) written in reaction. 3907:Criticism and analysis 3591:Dies, Albert Christoph 1732:Classical music portal 1585: 1504: 1388: 1361: 1318: 1302: 1288: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1225: 1212: 1151: 1100: 1089: 1034: 960: 903:in his native city of 896: 891:Haydn as portrayed by 785: 714: 628: 560: 389: 328:exercises in the text 306: 279: 181: 52: 32:Haydn (disambiguation) 7112:Composers from Vienna 6913:First Viennese School 6761:Turkish music (style) 6415:First Viennese School 5248:L'incontro improvviso 4723:Albert Christoph Dies 4676:Gottfried van Swieten 4671:Nikolaus II Esterházy 4321:Joseph Haydn-Institut 4204:Haydn String Quartets 3768:Landon, H. C. Robbins 2607:65/2000, pp. 124–134. 2060:Florence May Festival 1917:Maria Wilhelmine Thun 1694:Haydn-Haus Eisenstadt 1581: 1378: 1316: 1294:Beatae Virgini Mariae 1218: 1206: 1146: 1106:Johann Nepomuk Hummel 1095:House in Vienna (now 1094: 966:Gottfried van Swieten 958: 890: 847:Professional Concerts 780: 734:Johann Christian Bach 701: 668:Johann Baptist Wanhal 623: 554: 384: 350:, a German composer. 301: 273: 265:Albert Christoph Dies 176: 41:Portrait of Haydn by 40: 7062:Age of Enlightenment 6943:(sometimes included) 6934:Ludwig van Beethoven 6808:Age of Enlightenment 5429:Hob. XVI/50, C major 5414:Hob. XVI/34, E minor 5409:Hob. XVI/33, D major 5404:Hob. XVI/20, C minor 5388:Hob. XVI/15, C major 5312:L'anima del filosofo 5101:Missa Sancti Nicolai 5017:Sinfonia concertante 4702:Ludwig van Beethoven 4661:Nikolaus I Esterházy 4630:Johann Peter Salomon 4403:Haydn and folk music 4389:List of compositions 4290:H. C. Robbins Landon 4288:, Raymond L. Knapp, 3835:The New Grove: Haydn 3560:Biographical sources 3402:, pp. 111–112). 2398:. New York: B. Blom. 2292:For discussion, see 2270:, pp. 181–186). 1921:Volkmar Braunbehrens 1617:Haydn and folk music 1413:thematic development 1289:Laus Deo et B. V. M. 1251:and the tale of the 1209:di me giuseppe Haydn 1122:final string quartet 1111:The Seven Last Words 994:Tonkünstler-Societät 901:Ludwig van Beethoven 823:L'anima del filosofo 782:Hanover Square Rooms 723:Johann Peter Salomon 688:Zur wahren Eintracht 666:(second violin) and 416:improve this article 283:Freelancer struggles 232:parts in the church 154:a tutor of Beethoven 7107:Composers for piano 7082:Austrian Freemasons 6720:Classical orchestra 5528:Op. 50 ("Prussian") 5390:(probably spurious) 5383:Hob. XVI/9, F major 5378:Hob. XIV/5, D major 5288:La fedeltà premiata 5264:Il mondo della luna 5256:Philemon und Baucis 4733:Anthony van Hoboken 4537:Il ritorno di Tobia 4338:"Discovering Haydn" 4114:Celestini, Federico 3888:The New Grove Haydn 3567:Deutsch, Otto Erich 3450:, pp. 333–337. 3136:, pp. 186–187. 3096:, pp. 214–215. 3040:, pp. 131–135. 2262:, p. 102) and 2096:Of Haydn's plight, 2070:, pp. 342–343. 1815:Informational notes 1663:Anthony van Hoboken 1621:"London" symphonies 1540:a literary movement 1468:Op. 76 Nos. 3 and 5 1440:"Surprise" symphony 1253:"Farewell" Symphony 1067:identified, though 761:piano firm nearby. 573:sympathetic strings 377:Kapellmeister years 331:Gradus ad Parnassum 7142:Oratorio composers 6180:(In nomine Domini) 6050:(Tempora mutantur) 5982:(The Schoolmaster) 5538:Op. 64 ("Tost II") 5523:Op. 33 ("Russian") 5280:L'isola disabitata 5240:L'infedeltà delusa 5132:Missa in Angustiis 4428:Haydn's residences 4408:Haydn's birthplace 4213:Macek, Bernhard A. 4185:The String Quartet 3821:Larsen, Jens Peter 3382:Sharp, W. (1892), 3201:, pp. 92–93). 2704:, vol. 11, p. 265. 2415:, pp. 80–81). 2234:Maximilian Klinger 1979:Ludwig Guttenbrunn 1964:, p. 34) and 1799:Haydn's birthplace 1586: 1389: 1379:Original copy of " 1319: 1306:– and all saints) 1303:et omnibus sanctis 1226: 1213: 1181:Hundsturm cemetery 1175:at which Mozart's 1152: 1101: 961: 935:Viennese celebrity 897: 895:in England in 1791 786: 715: 704:Ludwig Guttenbrunn 672:Giovanni Paisiello 641:F minor variations 631:The remoteness of 629: 561: 557:Nikolaus Esterházy 390: 387:Ludwig Guttenbrunn 307: 280: 182: 56:Franz Joseph Haydn 53: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6949: 6879: 6878: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6338: 6249:London symphonies 5574: 5573: 5567:Roman Hoffstetter 5543:Op. 76 ("Erdődy") 5469: 5468: 5322: 5321: 5208:Der krumme Teufel 5155: 5154: 5033: 5032: 4830: 4829: 4746: 4745: 4692:Marianna Martines 4635:Rebecca Schroeter 4508:Hoboken catalogue 4461:London symphonies 4413:Haydn's ethnicity 4245:978-0-521-39103-0 4226:978-3-901568-72-5 4194:978-0-500-01311-3 4151:978-0-521-83347-9 4127:978-3-7024-6967-2 4097:978-0-521-38520-6 4062:(1756): 341–344. 4055:The Musical Times 4044:978-0-674-38315-9 4002:978-0-393-31712-1 3975:978-1-58046-512-0 3957:978-1-009-25437-3 3935:978-0-226-84096-3 3897:978-0-19-516904-1 3866:978-0-208-00886-2 3845:978-0-393-01681-9 3807:978-0-253-37265-9 3781:978-0-253-37003-7 3749:The Life of Haydn 3735:978-0-460-02281-1 3687:978-0-299-02791-9 3664:978-0-520-04316-9 3639:978-3-921518-94-6 3628:, Ludwig (2000). 3616:978-0-299-02791-9 3518:Badura-Skoda, Eva 3268:(6). Boston: 249. 3061:For symptoms see 2751:, pp. 34–35. 2665:978-0-226-04129-2 2369:, pp. 43–54. 2353:978-0-19-318307-0 1958:Griesinger (1963) 1667:Hoboken catalogue 1472:Symphonies No. 98 1424:sonata rondo form 1387:" in Haydn's hand 1022:God Save the King 909:was Haydn's pupil 816:quartet; and the 772:Rebecca Schroeter 755:Piccadilly Circus 529:Schloss Esterházy 492: 491: 484: 466: 356:Der krumme Teufel 336:Johann Joseph Fux 208:, who during the 16:(Redirected from 7169: 7117:Esterházy family 7009: 7008: 7007: 6997: 6996: 6995: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6973: 6972: 6971: 6964: 6906: 6899: 6892: 6883: 6869: 6859: 6858: 6392:Classical period 6385: 6378: 6371: 6362: 6349: 6153:Paris symphonies 5938:(Maria Theresia) 5798:(Hermannstädter) 5617: 5616: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5578: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5473: 5365: 5364: 5349: 5342: 5335: 5326: 5296:Orlando paladino 5272:La vera costanza 5182: 5175: 5168: 5159: 5118:Esterházy masses 5076: 5075: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5037: 4999:Trumpet concerto 4911:Violin concertos 4886: 4885: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4847: 4834: 4820: 4819: 4799:Double variation 4572: 4466:Paris symphonies 4373: 4366: 4359: 4350: 4345: 4271: 4262:(1–2): 273–307. 4249: 4230: 4207: 4198: 4175: 4155: 4131: 4101: 4079: 4048: 4025: 4023: 4006: 3994: 3979: 3960: 3939: 3901: 3884: 3870: 3859:. Archon Books. 3849: 3830: 3814:Landon 1976–1980 3811: 3792:Jones, David Wyn 3785: 3762: 3752: 3745:Jones, David Wyn 3739: 3715: 3700: 3691: 3668: 3643: 3620: 3602: 3586: 3583:Internet Archive 3576: 3548: 3547: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3426:, section 3.iii. 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3393: 3387: 3380: 3374: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3349: 3343: 3339:The Laryngoscope 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3270: 3269: 3254:(24 June 1876). 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3208: 3202: 3188: 3182: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3122:Giuseppe Carpani 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3070: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2976: 2974:Haydn and Mozart 2970: 2964: 2958: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2892: 2886: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2849:For details see 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2792:, pp. 36–40 2786: 2780: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2711: 2705: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2634: 2623: 2617: 2608: 2602: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2521: 2512: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2450: 2444: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2301: 2290: 2284: 2277: 2271: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2226: 2220: 2211:(Faber, 2011)). 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2164: 2158: 2149: 2143: 2128:Griesinger (1810 2124: 2118: 2111: 2105: 2094: 2088: 2077: 2071: 2056: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1975: 1969: 1954: 1948: 1934: 1928: 1925:Mozart in Vienna 1909: 1903: 1889: 1883: 1876: 1870: 1859: 1853: 1852:, pp. 2–3). 1842: 1836: 1825: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1734: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1720: 1718:Biography portal 1715: 1714: 1713: 1428:double variation 1386: 1385: 1332: 1305: 1299: 1292:[... and to 1291: 1285: 1277: 1271: 1269:In nomine Domini 1073:arteriosclerosis 1046:different anthem 1039: 1031: 1030: 999:Trumpet Concerto 950:Lord Nelson mass 812:symphonies; the 712: 709: 686:as Mozart, the " 680:"Haydn" quartets 605:Paris symphonies 514:Esterházy family 487: 480: 476: 473: 467: 465: 424: 400: 392: 348:Johann Mattheson 305:, Czech Republic 140:family at their 111:Classical period 108: 107: 106: 100: 95: 88: 83: 82: 79: 78: 75: 72: 69: 66: 51: 48: 21: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7005: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6981: 6979: 6975:Classical music 6969: 6967: 6959: 6957: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6915: 6910: 6880: 6875: 6852: 6844: 6831: 6786: 6782:Galant Schemata 6765: 6756:Sensitive style 6729: 6713:Instrumentation 6708: 6442:Mannheim school 6403: 6394: 6389: 6354: 6346: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6242: 6203: 6146: 6018: 5877: 5748: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5605: 5575: 5570: 5555: 5550:, Op. 76, No. 3 5509: 5503:String quartets 5500: 5470: 5465: 5456: 5438: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5353: 5323: 5318: 5195: 5186: 5156: 5151: 5142:Schöpfungsmesse 5111:Missa Cellensis 5077: 5071: 5070: 5064: 5034: 5029: 5011: 4993: 4975: 4956: 4939:Cello concertos 4933: 4905: 4893:Piano concertos 4887: 4881: 4880: 4874: 4839: 4831: 4826: 4808: 4804:Sturm und Drang 4782: 4742: 4706: 4680: 4666:Anton Esterházy 4639: 4615:Luigia Polzelli 4602: 4596: 4563: 4512: 4473:String quartets 4444: 4391: 4382: 4377: 4336: 4278: 4253: 4246: 4233: 4227: 4211: 4201: 4195: 4181:Griffiths, Paul 4179: 4172: 4159: 4152: 4135: 4128: 4118:Arbeit am Kanon 4112: 4109: 4107:Further reading 4098: 4082: 4051: 4045: 4029: 4015: 4003: 3983: 3976: 3963: 3943: 3936: 3914:Brendel, Alfred 3912: 3898: 3886: 3873: 3867: 3852: 3846: 3832: 3819: 3808: 3789: 3782: 3766: 3756: 3743: 3736: 3719: 3704: 3693: 3688: 3672: 3665: 3649:Geiringer, Karl 3647: 3640: 3624: 3617: 3604: 3589: 3565: 3552: 3551: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3394: 3390: 3381: 3377: 3368: 3364: 3357:Classic FM (UK) 3351: 3350: 3346: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3273: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3227:Griesinger 1963 3225: 3221: 3209: 3205: 3191:Griesinger 1963 3189: 3185: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3155: 3149:Griesinger 1963 3147: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3073: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3022:Oxford Symphony 3020: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2979: 2971: 2967: 2959: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2877:, p. 234; 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2787: 2783: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2728: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2696: 2692: 2686:Griesinger 1963 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2641:. Albion Press. 2636: 2635: 2626: 2618: 2611: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2554:Barbara Boisits 2552: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2522: 2515: 2503: 2499: 2491: 2487: 2481:Griesinger 1963 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2451: 2447: 2435: 2431: 2425:Griesinger 1963 2423: 2419: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2380: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2354: 2334:Smallman, Basil 2332: 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2304: 2291: 2287: 2278: 2274: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2227: 2223: 2205:Steven Isserlis 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2181:Sutcliffe (1989 2179: 2175: 2165: 2161: 2150: 2146: 2142:, p. 193). 2125: 2121: 2112: 2108: 2095: 2091: 2078: 2074: 2057: 2053: 2044: 2040: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1997:, p. 116). 1991:Luigia Polzelli 1976: 1972: 1955: 1951: 1935: 1931: 1910: 1906: 1890: 1886: 1877: 1873: 1867:Griesinger 1963 1860: 1856: 1846:Geiringer (1982 1843: 1839: 1826: 1822: 1812: 1744: 1737: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1686: 1660: 1536:Sturm und Drang 1509: 1436: 1366: 1352: 1346: 1330: 1297: 1282:soli Deo gloria 1272:and ended with 1201: 1064: 1042:national anthem 1036:Deutschlandlied 937: 866:Oxford Symphony 858:Hertingfordbury 710: 696: 694:London journeys 660:string quartets 488: 477: 471: 468: 425: 423: 413: 401: 379: 285: 216:choirmaster in 171: 166: 164:Life and career 103: 102: 101: 93: 86: 63: 59: 49: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7175: 7173: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7122:Harrach family 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7019: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7001: 6989: 6977: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6944: 6941:Franz Schubert 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6886: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6863: 6848:Romantic music 6845: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6800: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6777:Notes inégales 6773: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6727: 6725:String quartet 6722: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6594:Martín y Soler 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6380: 6373: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6325: 6317: 6312: 6304: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6273: 6268: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6183: 6175: 6167: 6158: 6156: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6045: 6037: 6032: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6013:(Il distratto) 6008: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5977: 5972: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5941: 5933: 5925: 5920: 5912: 5904: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5819: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5793: 5790:(Lamentatione) 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5762: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5678: 5670: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5581: 5572: 5571: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5548:Kaiserquartett 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5518:Op. 20 ("Sun") 5514: 5511: 5510: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5491: 5484: 5476: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5385: 5380: 5374: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5329: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5308: 5300: 5292: 5284: 5276: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5244: 5236: 5228: 5220: 5212: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5162: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5137:Theresienmesse 5134: 5129: 5124: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5040: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5021: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4985: 4983: 4981:Horn concertos 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4966: 4964: 4962:Oboe concertos 4958: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4943: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4865: 4858: 4850: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4838:Works by Haydn 4837: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4778:Haydn Quartets 4775: 4770: 4765: 4763:Haydn (crater) 4760: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4463: 4452: 4450: 4449:Lists of works 4446: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4436: 4435: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4308: 4298: 4286:Karl Geiringer 4282:"Joseph Haydn" 4277: 4276:External links 4274: 4273: 4272: 4251: 4244: 4231: 4225: 4209: 4206:. London: BBC. 4199: 4193: 4177: 4170: 4157: 4150: 4133: 4126: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4096: 4084:Webster, James 4080: 4068:10.2307/966030 4049: 4043: 4031:Sisman, Elaine 4027: 4013: 4001: 3985:Rosen, Charles 3981: 3974: 3961: 3945:Keefe, Simon P 3941: 3934: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3875:Webster, James 3871: 3865: 3850: 3844: 3817: 3806: 3787: 3780: 3764: 3754: 3741: 3734: 3717: 3702: 3686: 3670: 3663: 3645: 3638: 3622: 3615: 3587: 3550: 3549: 3509: 3482:(3): 383–400. 3464: 3462:, p. 158. 3460:Geiringer 1982 3452: 3440: 3438:, p. 219. 3428: 3416: 3404: 3388: 3375: 3362: 3344: 3329: 3327:, p. 158. 3317: 3302: 3300:, p. 157) 3286: 3271: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3217:, p. 91). 3203: 3193:, p. 20; 3183: 3168: 3153: 3138: 3134:Geiringer 1982 3126: 3118:Geiringer 1982 3110: 3108:, p. 213. 3098: 3086: 3084:, p. 209. 3071: 3069:, p. 216. 3054: 3042: 3038:Geiringer 1982 3030: 3014: 2992: 2977: 2965: 2963:, p. 325. 2948: 2944:Geiringer 1982 2936: 2924: 2912: 2887: 2867: 2863:Geiringer 1982 2855: 2851:Geiringer 1982 2842: 2838:Geiringer 1982 2830: 2828:, p. 136. 2818: 2806: 2794: 2790:Geiringer 1982 2781: 2773:Michael Lorenz 2765: 2753: 2749:Geiringer 1982 2741: 2726: 2706: 2690: 2678: 2664: 2644: 2624: 2620:Geiringer 1982 2609: 2589: 2577: 2544: 2540:Geiringer 1982 2532: 2530:, p. 89). 2513: 2511:, p. 87). 2497: 2485: 2473: 2461: 2445: 2443:, p. 82). 2429: 2417: 2401: 2386: 2371: 2359: 2352: 2325: 2312: 2311: 2303: 2302: 2294:Antony Hopkins 2285: 2272: 2264:Webster (1991) 2247: 2238: 2221: 2213:Brendel (2001) 2197: 2185: 2173: 2169:Geiringer 1982 2159: 2144: 2119: 2117:, p. 141. 2106: 2089: 2072: 2068:Geiringer 1982 2051: 2049:, p. 234) 2038: 2021: 2012: 1999: 1970: 1968:, p. 10). 1949: 1929: 1904: 1894:, p. 12. 1884: 1871: 1854: 1837: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1735: 1721: 1705: 1702: 1698:John Broadwood 1685: 1682: 1678:Opus 76, No. 3 1659: 1656: 1508: 1505: 1435: 1432: 1409:recapitulation 1365: 1362: 1348:Main article: 1345: 1342: 1257:Mrs. Genzinger 1200: 1197: 1173:Schottenkirche 1130:Emperor's Hymn 1063: 1060: 936: 933: 832:King's Theatre 767:Charles Burney 711: 1791–92 695: 692: 490: 489: 431:"Joseph Haydn" 404: 402: 395: 378: 375: 311:Nicola Porpora 284: 281: 170: 167: 165: 162: 119:string quartet 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7174: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7012: 7002: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6978: 6976: 6966: 6962: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6895: 6893: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6862: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6841:Baroque music 6834: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6659:Saint-Georges 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6489:C. P. E. Bach 6487: 6485: 6482: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6374: 6372: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6357: 6350: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6042:(La Roxelane) 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5970: 5969:(L'impériale) 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5946:(La passione) 5942: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5767:(Philosopher) 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5602: 5597: 5595: 5590: 5588: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5497: 5492: 5490: 5485: 5483: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5356:Piano sonatas 5350: 5345: 5343: 5338: 5336: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5232:Le pescatrici 5229: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5171: 5169: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5148: 5147:Harmoniemesse 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4866: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4842: 4835: 4823: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4773:Haydn Quartet 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4738:James Webster 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4587:Michael Haydn 4585: 4583: 4582:Mathias Haydn 4580: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4483:Baryton trios 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4418:Haydn's skull 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4369: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171:9781107129016 4167: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4014: 4011: 4004: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3899: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3770:(1976–1980). 3769: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3706:Hadden, James 3703: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3417: 3414:, p. 18. 3413: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3241:, p. 81. 3240: 3235: 3232: 3229:, p. 54. 3228: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3169: 3166:, p. 142 3165: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3151:, p. 50. 3150: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3052:, p. 37. 3051: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3034: 3031: 3028:, p. 266 3027: 3023: 3018: 3015: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2990:, p. 137 2989: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2946:, p. 96. 2945: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2901: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2881:, p. 1; 2880: 2876: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2840:, p. 60. 2839: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2819: 2816:, p. 37. 2815: 2810: 2807: 2804:, p. 13. 2803: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2727:0-393-95191-X 2723: 2719: 2718: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2691: 2688:, p. 15. 2687: 2682: 2679: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2578: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2548: 2545: 2542:, p. 27. 2541: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2495:, p. 27. 2494: 2489: 2486: 2483:, p. 10. 2482: 2477: 2474: 2471:, p. 12. 2470: 2469:Finscher 2000 2465: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2323:, p. vi. 2322: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230:Webster (2002 2225: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2174: 2171:, p. 34. 2170: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2085:Vienna Museum 2082: 2076: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2028:According to 2025: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1966:Webster (2002 1963: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1892:Finscher 2000 1888: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1872: 1869:, p. 17) 1868: 1864: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1736: 1733: 1722: 1719: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1595:Charles Rosen 1592: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1495:Joseph Severn 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1444:false endings 1441: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1363: 1360: 1359:these genres. 1355: 1351: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1334: 1328: 1324: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1276: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245:Kapellmeister 1242: 1238: 1237:honnête homme 1235:ideal of the 1234: 1233:Enlightenment 1230: 1229:James Webster 1223: 1222: 1217: 1210: 1205: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1189:phrenologists 1186: 1185:it was stolen 1182: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1056: 1055:Harmoniemesse 1049: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1029: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1001: 1000: 995: 991: 987: 983: 982: 977: 976: 971: 967: 957: 953: 951: 947: 942: 934: 932: 930: 926: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 894: 889: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 854: 852: 848: 844: 843: 837: 833: 829: 825: 824: 819: 818:"Gypsy Rondo" 815: 811: 810: 805: 804: 799: 798: 793: 792: 783: 779: 775: 773: 768: 762: 760: 756: 751: 746: 744: 740: 735: 730: 728: 724: 720: 705: 700: 693: 691: 690:" in Vienna. 689: 685: 684:Masonic lodge 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 656:Michael Kelly 653: 652:Haydn had met 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 627: 622: 618: 616: 612: 611: 606: 602: 599:, 54/55, and 598: 594: 588: 586: 582: 578: 577:baryton trios 574: 570: 566: 558: 553: 549: 547: 542: 541:chamber music 538: 535:and later on 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 518:Gregor Werner 515: 511: 506: 503: 502:Unterlukawitz 499: 498: 497:Kapellmeister 486: 483: 475: 464: 461: 457: 454: 450: 447: 443: 440: 436: 433: – 432: 428: 427:Find sources: 421: 417: 411: 410: 405:This section 403: 399: 394: 393: 388: 383: 376: 374: 372: 366: 364: 363: 358: 357: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 332: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 304: 300: 296: 294: 290: 289:Maria Theresa 282: 277: 272: 268: 266: 261: 258: 254: 249: 246: 242: 237: 235: 231: 227: 221: 219: 213: 211: 207: 206:folk musician 203: 199: 195: 194:Mathias Haydn 191: 187: 179: 175: 168: 163: 161: 159: 158:Michael Haydn 155: 151: 146: 143: 139: 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 115:chamber music 112: 105: 99: 91: 90: 81: 57: 44: 39: 33: 19: 7027:Joseph Haydn 6924:Joseph Haydn 6923: 6846: 6839: 6741:Galant music 6424: 6329: 6321: 6308: 6300: 6277: 6264: 6247: 6236: 6187: 6179: 6171: 6163: 6151: 6100: 6077: 6049: 6041: 6012: 6004: 5981: 5968: 5945: 5937: 5930:(Palindrome) 5929: 5916: 5908: 5900: 5861: 5824:(Hornsignal) 5823: 5815: 5797: 5789: 5766: 5682: 5674: 5666: 5614:Joseph Haydn 5613: 5507:Joseph Haydn 5506: 5449: 5362:Joseph Haydn 5361: 5310: 5302: 5294: 5286: 5278: 5270: 5262: 5254: 5246: 5238: 5230: 5222: 5216:La canterina 5214: 5206: 5193:Joseph Haydn 5192: 5117: 5073:Joseph Haydn 5072: 4883:Joseph Haydn 4882: 4697:Ignaz Pleyel 4651:Count Morzin 4549: 4542: 4535: 4530:The Creation 4528: 4524:Stabat Mater 4423:Haydn's name 4380:Joseph Haydn 4379: 4317:(ChoralWiki) 4293: 4259: 4255: 4235: 4216: 4203: 4184: 4161: 4137: 4117: 4087: 4059: 4053: 4034: 4020:Sonata forms 4019: 4010:Webster 1991 3990: 3965: 3948: 3921: 3906: 3905: 3887: 3878: 3855: 3834: 3824: 3796: 3771: 3758: 3748: 3721: 3710: 3695: 3677: 3653: 3629: 3606: 3598: 3594: 3581:– via 3577:. Stanford: 3572: 3559: 3558: 3555:Bibliography 3554: 3553: 3527: 3521: 3512: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3455: 3443: 3431: 3419: 3412:Webster 2002 3407: 3400:Hughes (1970 3391: 3383: 3378: 3370: 3365: 3347: 3337: 3332: 3320: 3311: 3305: 3289: 3282:Webster 2002 3265: 3259: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3215:Gotwals 1963 3206: 3199:Gotwals 1963 3186: 3180:Proksch 2015 3176:Webster 2002 3171: 3129: 3113: 3101: 3089: 3057: 3050:Webster 2002 3045: 3033: 3021: 3017: 3005:. Retrieved 2995: 2968: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903:. Retrieved 2900:austria.info 2899: 2890: 2875:Deutsch 1965 2870: 2858: 2845: 2833: 2821: 2809: 2802:Webster 2002 2797: 2784: 2768: 2763:, p. 9. 2761:Redfern 1970 2756: 2744: 2716: 2709: 2693: 2681: 2669:. Retrieved 2654: 2647: 2638: 2622:, p. 30 2604: 2597:Rita Steblin 2592: 2587:, p. 8. 2580: 2568:. Retrieved 2561: 2547: 2535: 2528:Gotwals 1963 2509:Gotwals 1963 2500: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2448: 2441:Gotwals 1963 2432: 2427:, p. 9. 2420: 2413:Gotwals 1963 2404: 2395: 2389: 2362: 2338: 2328: 2316: 2307: 2306: 2297: 2288: 2281:Rosen (1997) 2275: 2260:Larsen (1980 2256:Rosen (1997) 2250: 2241: 2224: 2208: 2200: 2193:Hughes (1970 2188: 2176: 2162: 2152: 2147: 2140:Gotwals 1963 2131: 2122: 2109: 2098:Rosen (1997) 2092: 2075: 2064:Maria Callas 2054: 2041: 2024: 2015: 2002: 1973: 1952: 1945:Webster 2002 1937:Webster 2002 1932: 1924: 1913:Webster 2002 1907: 1887: 1874: 1857: 1850:Jones (2009a 1840: 1829:Haydn's name 1823: 1814: 1813: 1746:Opera portal 1693: 1690:Anton Walter 1687: 1674:opus numbers 1671: 1661: 1649: 1645:The Creation 1644: 1638: 1634:The Creation 1632: 1629: 1609: 1605:counterpoint 1587: 1582: 1569:comic operas 1561: 1533: 1529: 1510: 1500: 1488: 1460: 1456:Op. 50 No. 1 1452:Op. 50 No. 3 1448:Op. 33 No. 2 1437: 1417: 1390: 1367: 1357: 1353: 1335: 1320: 1308: 1261: 1240: 1236: 1227: 1219: 1208: 1169: 1165:The Creation 1164: 1153: 1134:The Creation 1133: 1126: 1117:Missa brevis 1115: 1109: 1102: 1078: 1065: 1053: 1050: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 989: 986:The Creation 985: 979: 975:The Creation 973: 962: 938: 921: 917:counterpoint 898: 893:John Hoppner 865: 855: 851:Ignaz Pleyel 841: 828:John Gallini 821: 813: 807: 801: 795: 789: 787: 763: 747: 731: 716: 702:Portrait by 687: 645: 630: 608: 589: 562: 522: 507: 495: 493: 478: 469: 459: 452: 445: 438: 426: 414:Please help 409:verification 406: 371:Count Morzin 367: 360: 354: 352: 329: 326:counterpoint 323: 308: 286: 274:Map showing 262: 257:music theory 250: 238: 222: 214: 183: 147: 135: 127:musical form 117:such as the 55: 54: 43:Thomas Hardy 7037:1809 deaths 7032:1732 births 6559:Hoffmeister 6529:Dittersdorf 6101:(La chasse) 5224:Lo speziale 4768:Haydn Inlet 4711:Scholarship 4544:The Seasons 4517:Other works 4478:Piano trios 4342:BBC Radio 3 4323:(in German) 3523:Early Music 3475:Early Music 3436:Sisman 1993 3396:Rosen (1997 3325:Hadden 1902 3284:, section 6 3252:Pohl, C. F. 3239:Larsen 1980 3164:Jones 2009b 3106:Jones 2009a 3094:Jones 2009a 3082:Jones 2009a 3067:Jones 2009b 3063:Jones 2009a 3026:Jones 2009b 2988:Jones 2009b 2961:Jones 2009b 2932:Jones 2009a 2920:Larsen 1980 2905:17 December 2853:, Chapter 6 2826:Jones 2009b 2788:See, e.g., 2698:Dexter Edge 2585:Larsen 1980 2566:(in German) 2321:Jones 2009a 2268:Rosen (1988 2217:Rosen (1997 2132:The Seasons 2032:, pp. 2030:Jones 2009b 1896:Jones 2009a 1684:Instruments 1640:The Seasons 1637:(1798) and 1393:sonata form 990:The Seasons 981:The Seasons 978:(1798) and 941:Nikolaus II 226:harpsichord 198:wheelwright 50: 1791 7021:Categories 6803:Classicism 6791:Background 6770:Techniques 6746:Intermezzo 6704:Zingarelli 6609:Mysliveček 6504:Boccherini 6494:J. C. Bach 6477:J. Stamitz 6472:C. Stamitz 6322:(Drumroll) 6301:(Military) 6265:(Surprise) 6188:(La Reine) 6164:(The Bear) 5917:(Farewell) 5816:(Alleluia) 5667:(Le matin) 5608:Symphonies 5561:Spurious: 4972:(doubtful) 4603:and lovers 4493:Solo piano 4456:Symphonies 4440:Papa Haydn 4433:Eszterháza 3714:. J. Dent. 3530:(4): 686. 3448:Rosen 1997 2879:Keefe 2023 2671:14 January 2453:Jones2009a 2367:Rosen 1997 1983:seen above 1943:, judged ( 1810:References 1658:Catalogues 1517:J. S. Bach 1491:John Keats 1286:], or 1249:Papa Haydn 1241:honest man 1193:Bergkirche 1160:case shots 1148:Bergkirche 929:Griesinger 913:Eisenstadt 727:impresario 706:, painted 633:Eszterháza 626:Eszterháza 546:Nikolaus I 533:Eisenstadt 510:Paul Anton 442:newspapers 362:Hofkapelle 344:Griesinger 319:Judenplatz 278:or visited 210:journeyman 169:Early life 142:Eszterháza 123:piano trio 6987:Biography 6818:Economics 6751:Pastorale 6699:Wranitzky 6619:Paisiello 6604:L. Mozart 6509:Cherubini 6452:Cannabich 6420:Beethoven 6408:Composers 6278:(Miracle) 6172:(The Hen) 5901:(Mercury) 5683:(Le soir) 5675:(Le midi) 4877:Concertos 4751:Namesakes 4644:Employers 4498:Concertos 4268:1522-7464 3747:(2009a). 3544:1741-7260 3496:0306-1078 3294:Dies 1810 3211:Dies 1810 3195:Dies 1810 2570:13 August 2524:Dies 1810 2505:Dies 1810 2437:Dies 1810 2409:Dies 1810 2308:Citations 2136:Dies 1810 2115:Dies 1810 2081:Haydnhaus 1625:oratorios 1600:Classical 1515:(seen in 1434:Character 1401:Beethoven 1364:Structure 1071:suggests 952:in 1798. 759:Broadwood 617:, Spain. 537:Esterháza 138:Esterházy 6861:Category 6838: ← 6654:Sacchini 6624:Piccinni 6579:Kreutzer 6574:Koželuch 6554:M. Haydn 6549:Gyrowetz 6519:Clementi 6514:Cimarosa 6499:G. Benda 6435:Schubert 6330:(London) 6237:(Oxford) 6078:(Laudon) 5909:(Trauer) 4822:Category 4601:Friends 4215:(2012). 4183:(1983). 4086:(1991). 4033:(1993). 3987:(1997). 3947:. 2023. 3916:(2001). 3794:(1988). 3708:(1902). 3626:Finscher 3593:(1810). 3569:(1965). 3007:31 March 2736:25317243 2336:(1992). 1923:, 1990, 1704:See also 1323:smallpox 1275:Laus Deo 1221:Laus Deo 1156:Napoleon 1097:a museum 803:Drumroll 797:Military 791:Surprise 739:Broderip 624:View of 472:May 2017 218:Hainburg 131:Symphony 6999:Austria 6961:Portals 6851:→ 6823:Physics 6684:Traetta 6664:Salieri 6649:Rosetti 6584:Krommer 6467:Richter 6309:(Clock) 5443:Related 5371:Sonatas 4787:Related 4313:in the 4307:(IMSLP) 4303:at the 3926:193–204 3504:3128423 2603:", in: 2296:(1981) 2034:144–146 1915:); (b) 1900:Reutter 1565:timpani 1513:Baroque 1484:scherzi 1480:minuets 1177:Requiem 1138:Salieri 1081:allegro 1017:Sunrise 1011:Emperor 842:Miracle 840:no. 96 743:Artaria 650:, whom 565:baryton 555:Prince 456:scholar 253:Michael 190:Austria 148:He was 94:German: 6871:Portal 6734:Genres 6694:Wanhal 6689:Viotti 6634:Reicha 6629:Pleyel 6614:Neruda 6589:Kuhlau 6564:Hummel 6544:Gossec 6534:Dussek 6524:Czerny 6462:Fränzl 6430:Mozart 6005:(Fire) 5862:(Echo) 5533:Op. 51 5315:(1791) 5307:(1784) 5304:Armida 5299:(1782) 5291:(1781) 5283:(1779) 5275:(1779) 5267:(1777) 5259:(1776) 5251:(1775) 5243:(1773) 5235:(1770) 5227:(1768) 5219:(1766) 5211:(1753) 5200:Operas 5189:Operas 5067:Masses 4685:Pupils 4575:Family 4568:People 4503:Operas 4488:Masses 4396:Topics 4266: 4242: 4223: 4191: 4168: 4148: 4124: 4094: 4076:966030 4074: 4041: 3999: 3972: 3959:(hbk). 3955: 3932: 3894: 3863: 3842: 3804: 3778: 3732: 3684: 3661: 3636: 3613: 3542: 3528:XXVIII 3502: 3494: 2885:, §3.4 2734: 2724: 2662: 2350: 1557:fugues 1521:Handel 1470:, the 1397:Mozart 1370:motifs 1338:polyps 1264:rosary 1085:adagio 1014:, and 1005:Fifths 946:masses 862:no. 92 836:no. 95 809:London 750:Calais 525:livery 458: 451: 444: 437: 429: 230:treble 186:Rohrau 7011:Music 6679:Spohr 6674:Soler 6669:Sarti 6599:Méhul 6569:Kraus 6539:Gluck 6425:Haydn 6208:88–92 6023:61–81 5882:41–60 5753:21–40 5563:Op. 3 4072:JSTOR 3722:Haydn 3711:Haydn 3597:[ 3500:JSTOR 2396:Haydn 2344:16–19 1507:Style 1420:fugue 1344:Music 1069:Jones 814:Rider 719:Anton 662:with 615:Cádiz 585:arias 463:JSTOR 449:books 293:caned 234:choir 18:Haydn 6644:Rode 6639:Ries 6484:Abel 6457:Fils 6447:Beck 6328:104 6320:103 6307:101 6299:100 5623:A–20 5565:(by 4264:ISSN 4240:ISBN 4221:ISBN 4189:ISBN 4166:ISBN 4146:ISBN 4122:ISBN 4092:ISBN 4039:ISBN 3997:ISBN 3970:ISBN 3953:ISBN 3930:ISBN 3892:ISBN 3861:ISBN 3840:ISBN 3802:ISBN 3776:ISBN 3730:ISBN 3682:ISBN 3659:ISBN 3634:ISBN 3611:ISBN 3540:ISSN 3492:ISSN 3009:2022 2907:2018 2732:OCLC 2722:ISBN 2673:2015 2660:ISBN 2572:2023 2348:ISBN 2228:See 2167:See 1827:See 1688:An " 1613:folk 1589:the 1519:and 1474:and 1450:and 1399:and 1327:Dies 988:and 905:Bonn 880:and 838:and 806:and 674:and 569:viol 435:news 196:, a 121:and 89:-dən 6813:Art 6315:102 6276:96 6263:94 6235:92 6186:85 6178:84 6170:83 6162:82 6099:73 6076:69 6048:64 6040:63 6011:60 6003:59 5980:55 5967:53 5944:49 5936:48 5928:47 5915:45 5907:44 5899:43 5860:38 5822:31 5814:30 5796:27 5788:26 5765:22 5610:by 5505:by 5358:by 5191:by 5069:by 4879:by 4284:by 4064:doi 4060:130 3532:doi 3484:doi 1476:102 1187:by 1048:.) 531:in 418:by 334:by 7023:: 6294:99 6289:98 6284:97 6271:95 6258:93 6230:91 6225:90 6220:89 6215:88 6199:87 6194:86 6142:81 6137:80 6132:79 6127:78 6122:77 6117:76 6112:75 6107:74 6094:72 6089:71 6084:70 6071:68 6066:67 6061:66 6056:65 6035:62 6030:61 5998:58 5993:57 5988:56 5975:54 5962:52 5957:51 5952:50 5923:46 5894:42 5889:41 5873:40 5868:39 5855:37 5850:36 5845:35 5840:34 5835:33 5830:32 5809:29 5804:28 5783:25 5778:24 5773:23 5760:21 5744:20 5739:19 5734:18 5729:17 5724:16 5719:15 5714:14 5709:13 5704:12 5699:11 5694:10 5681:8 5673:7 5665:6 5120:: 4340:. 4292:, 4260:42 4258:. 4140:. 4070:. 4058:. 3928:. 3728:. 3538:. 3526:. 3498:. 3490:. 3480:25 3478:. 3355:. 3274:^ 3266:36 3258:. 3156:^ 3141:^ 3074:^ 2980:^ 2951:^ 2898:. 2775:, 2730:. 2627:^ 2612:^ 2516:^ 2374:^ 2346:. 2087:). 2083:, 2062:. 1927:). 1835:). 1627:. 1547:, 1527:. 1497:: 1458:. 1415:. 1333:" 1195:. 1167:. 1058:. 1008:, 882:98 878:97 876:, 874:94 872:, 870:93 800:, 794:, 774:. 708:c. 601:64 597:50 595:, 593:33 321:. 236:. 188:, 160:. 152:, 92:; 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