914:
996:
counterattacked and defeated them. Haripushpa took up position within Kucha's capital
Yiluolu (伊邏盧). Ashina She'er attacked Yiluolu, and Haripushpa fled. Ashina She'er had Guo take up position at Yiluolu and continued pursuing Haripushpa, who by this point had fled to Bohuan (撥換, also in modern Aksu). Ashina She'er besieged it for 40 days and captured it, taking Haripushpa and Jieliedian, but Nali escaped and led remaining Kucha troops and relief forces from Western Turkic to attack Yiluolu, catching Guo by surprise and killing him in battle. However, after battling both in and outside the city, Nali could not control Yiluolu and was forced to flee. The people of Kucha then captured Nali and delivered him to Ashina She'er. Ashina She'er made a younger brother of Haripushpa the new king, and after receiving tributes from the Western Turkic Khaganate, Yutian (
926:
Tang. Guo Xiaoke requested permission to attack Yanqi, and in 644 Emperor
Taizong approved. It happened at the time that three of Long Tuqizhi's brothers were at Xi Prefecture, and Guo made one of them, Long Lipozhun (龍栗婆準) his guide. It was said that because Yanqi's capital was surrounded by water, it took little precautions against an attack, and Guo made a surprise attack, crossing the waters at night. In the morning, the Tang soldiers climbed the walls of Yanqi, capturing it and Long Tuqizhi. Guo put Long Lipozhun in charge of Yanqi's affairs and withdrew. Three days later, Ashina Quli arrived with a relief force, but Guo had already withdrawn; he therefore seized Long Lipozhun and chased after Guo, who struck back and stopped his advance.
1055:
1023:
147:
840:), as well as Yanqi. In 639, Emperor Taizong issued an edict rebuking Qu Wentai and ordering him to send his official Ashian Ju (阿史那矩) to the Tang heartland in order to discuss Tang-Gaochang relations; Qu Wentai refused to send Ashina Ju, but instead sent another official, Qu Yong (麴雍), to apologize. Emperor Taizong also ordered Qu Wentai to turn over the Chinese who were previously in exile in the Eastern Turkic Khaganate who had fled to Gaochang when Tang conquered the Eastern Turkic Khaganate in 630. Qu Wentai further incensed Emperor Taizong by trying to persuade Xueyantuo's
933:, the protector general over Yanqi. The protector general, in the stead of the king of Yanqi, thereafter submitted tributes to Tang. But when his emissary arrived in Chang'an, Emperor Taizong rebuked him and stated, "I attacked Yanqi. Who are you to occupy it?" In fear, the Western Turkic protector general abandoned Yanqi, and the Yanqi nobles supported Long Lipozhun's cousin Long Xuepoanazhi (龍薛婆阿那支) to be the new king, but continued to be submissive to Ashina Chuna. Meanwhile, Long Tuqizhi and his family were delivered to Chang'an, where Emperor Taizong released them.
2281:
857:(麴智盛). Hou, rejecting a proposal to make a surprise attack against Qu Wentai's funeral procession, first attacked and captured Tiandi (田地), just east of Gaochang's capital. He then marched on Gaochang itself. Qu Zhisheng wrote him to apologize for his father's offenses, and Hou ordered him to surrender, which Qu Zhisheng refused. Hou put the city under siege, but Ashina Bobu, instead of aiding Gaochang as he promised, withdrew far from Gaochang, while a general that he had sent to defend Kehanfutu (可汗浮圖, in modern
824:
33:
878:
him as a general at Chang'an. Emperor
Taizong tried to strengthen Xi Prefecture's defense by commuting the condemned prisoners' death penalties and instead exiling them to Xi Prefecture, while conscripting people originally sentenced to exile into the army defending Xi Prefecture, with a term of service commensurate with the length of exile they were originally sentenced.
992:) and Chumi tribes, forcing them to surrender. The Tang expedition then struck south to enter the Tarim Basin between Kucha and Yanqi. Intimidated by the Tang advance, Long Xuepoanazhi abandoned Yanqi and took up position in eastern Kucha, but Ashina She'er captured and executed him. Ashina She'er made Long Xuepoanazhi's cousin Long Xiannazhun (龍先那準) the king of Yanqi.
1022:
891:), he attacked Yiwu in 642, which had by now been converted into Tang's Yi Prefecture (伊州), although his attacks were repelled by the Tang general Guo Xiaoke (郭孝恪). At the same time, Ashina Yugu began to himself suffer dissent within, as he was said to have hoarded the spoils from attacks on Kangju and Mi (米, a state on the
899:. Ashina Yugu initially prevailed in battle against Yipishekui Khan, but the rebels refused to submit despite the defeats, and Ashina Yugu eventually withdrew and took up position in former Tuhuoluo territory. However, for the next several years, the Western Turkic Khaganate appeared to be in a decentralized state.
975:
In or sometime before 647, Kucha's king
Suvarnadeva (Sufadie 蘇伐疊) died, and was succeeded by his brother Haripushpa (Helibushibi 訶黎布失畢). Haripushpa decreased his tributes to Tang and also attacked neighboring states submissive to Tang. Emperor Taizong became angered, and around the new year 648, he
895:) and refused to divide them with his subordinates—and when one of his generals, Ashina Nishou (阿史那泥熟) nevertheless seized some, Ashina Yugu executed him, causing Ashina Nishou's subordinate Huluwu (胡祿屋) to rebel. The rebels sought aid from Tang, and Emperor Taizong created Ashina Moheduo's son as
925:
Meanwhile, Yanqi had remained friendly with Tang, but in or before 644, the
Western Turkic general Ashina Quli (阿史那屈利) had taken the Yanqi king Long Tuqizhi's daughter to be his brother's wife, and, in response, Long Tuqizhi began to favor the Western Turkic Khaganate and decreased its tributes to
877:
at the fortress of Jiaohe (交河, near
Gaochang as well) to keep a military presence. Hou took Qu Zhisheng and his officials back to Chang'an, while returning several cities that Gaochang had previously seized from Yanqi back to Yanqi. Emperor Taizong created Qu Zhisheng the Duke of Jincheng and kept
852:
to command an army, assisted by the general Xue Wanjun (薛萬均), to attack
Gaochang. Qu Wentai initially did not take the threat seriously—believing that his kingdom was able to withstand an attack from a small Tang army and that Tang could not launch a large army due to logistics issues of marching
831:
Meanwhile, Gaochang remained hostile to both Yanqi and Tang, and also in 638, Gaochang, allied with the Chuyue (處月) and Chumi (處密) tribes, attacked Yanqi, capturing five Yanqi cities and 1,500 Yanqi men and women before retreating. Qu Wentai also entered into an alliance with Ashina Bobu against a
707:
in the early years of the dynasty's existence, as it was farther from Tang-held territory and had a general indifference towards
Chinese ambitions. Moreover, the Western Turkic Khaganate constantly suffered from internal conflict and was unable to focus itself against external threats. Because of
886:
Meanwhile, Ashian Bobu, who was under attack by Ashina Yugu, formally submitted to Tang in 641, but the submission did not help him in his campaign with Ashina Yugu, and later in 641, one of Ashina Yugu's generals captured Ashina Bobu, and Ashina Yugu executed Ashina Bobu, reuniting the divided
872:
advised allowing
Gaochang to remain as a vassal, with Qu Zhisheng continuing to serve as king, but Emperor Taizong decided against doing so, instead annexing Gaochang territory and creating two prefectures—Xi Prefecture (西州, headquartered at Gaochang) and Ting Prefecture (庭州, headquartered at
995:
Ashina She'er then marched on Kucha. Haripushpa sent his chancellors Nali (那利) and
Jieliedian (羯獵顛) to resist Ashina She'er's forward commander Han Wei (韓威). Once engagement started, Han pretended to retreat, and when Kucha forces pursued, Han and the secondary commander Cao Jishu (曹繼叔)
913:
708:
this pacifism, the Khaganate's tributaries in the Tarim basin remained unmolested by Tang forces. In turn, both the Western Turkic Khaganate itself and its vassal-allies in the region at times nominally submitted to Tang overlordship. For example, in 619, soon after
1102:
in the Tarim Basin after defeating Ashina Helu's subordinate Duman at Kasghar in 659. The Tibetans invaded the Tarim Basin in the 660s and drove Tang forces out in 670. A Tang counter-attack regained the Tarim Basin in 692. The Tang then maintained control over the
751:. He then forced Emperor Gaozu to first enfeoff him as crown prince and then abdicate the throne, leaving it open for Li Shimin to take the throne as Emperor Taizong. After Taizong ascended to power in 628, Ashina Tong was killed by his uncle,
976:
commissioned Ashina She'er, a general who was formerly an Eastern Turkic prince, as the commander of an army to attack Kucha, with the generals Qibi Heli (契苾何力) and Guo Xiaoke assisting Ashina She'er, and also requisitioned soldiers from the
763:. Both sought aid and marriages from Tang China, and Emperor Taizong declined both. Eventually, in 630, Ashina Dieli was able to defeat and kill Ashina Moheduo, again reuniting the Western Turkic Khaganate. Meanwhile, Gaochang's king
1062:
434:
50:
1082:
launched two campaigns against Ashina Helu. The first, launched in 655 and commanded by Cheng Zhijie (程知節), ended in failure, as it was forced to withdraw when supplies ran out. The second, launched in 657 and commanded by
844:
Yi'nan to take a more independent stance from Tang. Emperor Taizong began planning an invasion against Gaochang, and Yi'nan offered to assist, although historical records did not indicate any actual Xueyantuo participation.
936:
In 646, the Yipishekui Khan offered tributes to Tang and requested to marry a Tang princess. Emperor Taizong agreed—but ordered him to submit, as dowry, five states that were the Western Turkic Khaganate's vassals, Kucha,
1065:
Map of the Tang Empire and Central Asian Protectorates circa 660 CE. It was through the conquest of the Western Turks that the Tang dynasty was able to reach its maximum extent, although for just a few
794:
as Duolu Khan, and Ashina Nishu nominally submitted to the Tang dynasty and received Tang titles. The enmity continued, however, even after Nishu died and was succeeded by his brother, Ashina Tong'e.
427:
420:
1078:(阿史那賀魯), defeated and killed the Yipishekui Khan, taking over Western Turkic, but subsequently broke away from Tang and attacked Tang territory. Emperor Taizong's son and successor
853:
through the desert. However, by fall 640, Hou had gotten his army through the desert, almost at Gaochang, and Qu Wentai, hearing this, died of anxiety, and was succeeded by his son
801:
as Yipiduolu Khan. There were major battles between Ashina Tong'e and Ashina Yugu, but neither side was able to prevail, and therefore divided the khanate in two, with the
2655:
1087:, was a thorough victory, as Tang forces captured Ashina Helu and put Western Turkic territory under the control of two Western Turkic princes submissive to Tang, the
97:
69:
3471:
2166:
1971:
541:
728:
Ashina Duobi was displeased about the potential of a Tang-Western Turkic alliance and warned Ashina Tong against it, ensuring that the marriage never took place.
2123:
76:
848:
Around the new year 640, after Emperor Taizong's last attempt to get Qu Wentai to change his anti-Tang stance failed, Emperor Taizong commissioned the general
497:
2322:
2580:
83:
3298:
2233:
724:
sent tributes to him. In 625, Ashina Tong sought marriage with a Tang princess, and Emperor Gaozu initially agreed, but the Eastern Turkic Khaganate's
2676:
712:
established the dynasty in 618 and was still battling for supremacy over China against a number of rival rulers, both the Western Turkic Khaganate's
65:
3466:
3385:
2504:
2499:
2310:
2191:
1976:
690:
524:
138:
1289:
797:
By 638, it was said that Ashina Tong'e had lost the hearts of the people, and the northern half of the khanate supported an Eastern Turkic prince,
2509:
2482:
2161:
1966:
1115:(755-763) caused the Four Garrisons to be cut off from the Tang empire and finally lost to the Tibetans for the second and last time in the 790s.
1054:
874:
492:
222:
2600:
2196:
1191:
1164:
2456:
2441:
2428:
2393:
2356:
2300:
2280:
1035:
1030:
2461:
90:
2116:
858:
116:
3501:
2451:
2258:
2206:
2201:
1906:
970:
908:
818:
603:(Karakhoja)—the first attempt by any Chinese dynasty to set up a permanent military and political presence in the region since
512:
507:
2366:
2317:
1934:
866:
673:
in the western Tarim then also submitted to Tang, allowing the dynasty to dominate the region until it was briefly seized by
54:
1230:
1227:
3486:
3279:
2519:
2216:
1981:
1217:
1013:
918:
529:
146:
3476:
2958:
2605:
2142:
2109:
2238:
1282:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
3267:
2401:
2211:
2151:
966:
517:
465:
1715:
2838:
2477:
2381:
2376:
1886:
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805:
serving as their boundary. The division continued after Ashina Tong'e died in 639 and was succeeded by his nephew
546:
245:
17:
2587:
2186:
2080:
770:
In 632, Ashina Dieli, who had lost the support of his people due to his cruel rule, lost a campaign against the
3346:
3019:
2746:
2559:
1501:
1405:
700:
696:
616:
592:
568:
283:
193:
957:. There is no historical record of what the Yipishekui Khan's response was, but no marriage ever took place.
865:), in fear, surrendered to Hou. With no Western Turkic aid coming, Qu Zhisheng surrendered. Emperor Taizong's
1044:
3481:
2989:
2808:
2417:
1961:
1944:
1629:
1275:
1079:
748:
732:
678:
564:
453:
449:
298:
43:
3425:
2487:
2351:
2337:
1988:
1949:
1939:
1306:
1099:
475:
412:
2995:
2171:
1956:
604:
536:
2969:
2733:
2632:
2627:
2436:
1929:
1896:
1881:
709:
806:
1071:
Emperor Taizong died in 649. Subsequent to his death, a Western Turkic prince that he had supported,
2494:
2346:
2270:
2156:
896:
887:
Western Turkic Khaganate. After Ashian Yugu then conquered Tuhuoluo (吐火羅, may be the same people as
487:
2176:
1891:
1092:
1088:
798:
551:
3284:
3242:
2622:
2594:
2228:
1871:
1861:
1669:
1483:
1112:
752:
2181:
1476:
635:
3404:
2712:
2617:
2248:
1531:
1448:
854:
756:
640:
1797:
1674:
755:, who seized the throne as Qulipiqie Khan. However, some key Turks supported Ashina Tong's son
620:
322:
314:
764:
3198:
3175:
3163:
3037:
2697:
2514:
2446:
2263:
1901:
1866:
1804:
1654:
1536:
1187:
1160:
1154:
203:
1181:
721:
3231:
3133:
3059:
2663:
2573:
2543:
2295:
2243:
1993:
1659:
1541:
1462:
1222:
1212:
1072:
985:
775:
650:
396:
334:
326:
823:
3435:
3430:
2223:
1813:
1758:
1722:
1644:
1639:
1104:
981:
954:
580:
480:
470:
384:
372:
360:
348:
3378:
3272:
3206:
3145:
2802:
2772:
2766:
2406:
1792:
1787:
1687:
1521:
1490:
1469:
1371:
1348:
1298:
1235:
674:
625:
929:
Another Western Turkic general, Ashina Chuna (阿史那處那), made one of his subordinates, a
3461:
3455:
3358:
3327:
3313:
3306:
3212:
3181:
3139:
3097:
2826:
2784:
2014:
1876:
1782:
1733:
1664:
1559:
1551:
1455:
1425:
1338:
1108:
942:
713:
3496:
3491:
3223:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2796:
2726:
2720:
2690:
2567:
2411:
2132:
2085:
1753:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1546:
1430:
1387:
1358:
1353:
1333:
1328:
1323:
977:
841:
791:
760:
740:
736:
725:
704:
445:
239:
183:
1597:
3440:
3339:
3321:
3250:
3121:
3103:
2952:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2790:
2778:
2754:
2553:
2371:
2327:
2305:
1819:
1768:
1763:
1738:
1649:
1584:
1579:
1516:
1435:
1415:
1317:
1084:
1075:
576:
197:
170:
32:
3399:
3366:
3127:
3109:
3007:
2856:
2760:
2610:
1911:
1679:
1590:
1574:
1440:
1420:
1378:
888:
654:
584:
735:
the Prince of Qin, who had been in an intense rivalry with his older brother
3013:
2977:
2946:
2892:
1701:
1694:
892:
869:
849:
802:
767:
made a visit to Chang'an in 630, and was received warmly by the Tang court.
744:
612:
596:
338:
306:
258:
218:
1364:
917:
Chinese officer of the Guard of Honour. Tomb of Princess Changle (长乐公主墓),
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3115:
3085:
3031:
2983:
2916:
2880:
2874:
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2361:
2029:
1856:
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950:
862:
837:
717:
658:
646:
631:
608:
600:
378:
274:
266:
3420:
3393:
3372:
3187:
3079:
3073:
3025:
3001:
2820:
2684:
2648:
2332:
2253:
2064:
2054:
1136:
1001:
946:
783:
771:
666:
2101:
3236:
3151:
3067:
2868:
2862:
2814:
2669:
2548:
2090:
2049:
2024:
2009:
1846:
1526:
1394:
997:
989:
938:
787:
670:
649:
subsequently rebelled. In 648, the ethnically Turkic Tang general
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2904:
2850:
2832:
2705:
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2039:
2034:
2019:
1851:
1841:
1511:
1343:
1095:
Ashina Buzhen (阿史那步真), becoming the dominant power in the region.
930:
912:
662:
572:
404:
390:
278:
786:
who had formerly supported him to rebel and force him to flee to
833:
588:
2105:
1271:
416:
2044:
26:
1267:
571:, the emperor began to exert his military power toward the
827:
Tang's campaigns against Western Regions and Western Tujue
66:"Emperor Taizong's campaign against the Western Regions"
595:. In 640, Emperor Taizong sent the military commander
3333:
The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities
984:. In fall 648, Ashina She'er first advanced into the
921:, Shaanxi province. Tang Zhenguan year 17, i.e. 644 CE
579:(part of the area known in Chinese histories as the
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1500:
1404:
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
18:
Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xiyu states
2656:Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction
882:Between the campaigns against Gaochang and Yanqi
190:Annexation or vassalization of the oasis states
131:
980:tribes, the Eastern Turkic people, Tibet, and
2117:
1283:
428:
8:
2581:Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan Envoy
3055:
2638:
2389:
2124:
2110:
2102:
1290:
1276:
1268:
1183:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
1053:
677:during the reign of Emperor Taizong's son
435:
421:
413:
128:
2677:Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
1186:. Columbia University Press. p. 33.
1107:for another century, but the loss of the
873:Kehanfutu). He furthered established the
615:—turned against Tang and allied with the
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
3386:Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era
2505:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
2500:Protectorate General to Pacify the North
822:
774:, which caused the tribes Shebeidaguan (
691:Tang campaigns against the Western Turks
665:in the northern Tarim, conquering both.
611:(Yanqi)—an ally in the campaign against
139:Tang campaigns against the Western Turks
2510:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
2483:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
1129:
875:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
743:, ambushed and killed Li Jiancheng and
385:
373:
361:
349:
1141:Outlines of the History of the Chinese
790:. Bereft of a leader, the Turks chose
591:peoples, were loosely allied with the
196:sphere of influence removed from the
7:
630:, attacked and captured the King of
619:, the Tang commandant at Karakhoja,
55:adding citations to reliable sources
703:did not pose a major threat to the
607:in the 4th century. In 644, after
988:and attacked the Chuyue (possibly
25:
1153:Ven, Hans van de (26 July 2021).
859:Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture
3472:Military history of the Göktürks
2279:
1021:
961:Campaign against Yanqi and Kucha
832:Tang ally, Yiwu (伊吾), in modern
145:
31:
3467:Wars involving the Tang dynasty
1907:Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription
971:Tang campaigns against Karasahr
909:Tang campaigns against Karasahr
819:Tang campaign against Karakhoja
583:). These states, populated by
132:Conquest of the Western Regions
42:needs additional citations for
1:
3280:Islam during the Tang dynasty
2520:Gyerim Territory Area Command
1930:Battle of Gol-Zarriun/Bukhara
1091:Ashina Mishe (阿史那彌射) and the
1014:Conquest of the Western Turks
2606:Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum
731:In 626, Emperor Gaozu's son
2402:Department of State Affairs
2152:Transition from Sui to Tang
1977:Tang Western Turk campaigns
1180:Millward, James A. (2007).
967:Tang campaign against Kucha
3518:
2478:Tang dynasty in Inner Asia
1967:Tang Eastern Turk campaign
1887:Turks in the Tang military
1567:Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
1156:Warfare in Chinese History
1111:to the Tibetans after the
1011:
964:
945:, Zhujupo (朱俱波, in modern
906:
816:
688:
653:who was the second son of
2277:
1216:, vols. 194, part 2, 198.
1098:The Tang established the
813:Campaign against Gaochang
779:
461:
448:expansion under emperors
292:
232:
223:Occupation of Tarim Basin
153:
144:
136:
3347:Ten Computational Canons
2560:Three Hundred Tang Poems
2323:Administrative divisions
1502:Western Turkic Khaganate
1406:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
809:(as Shaboluoyehu Khan).
701:Western Turkic Khaganate
697:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
617:Western Turkic Khaganate
593:Western Turkic Khaganate
569:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
371:Long Xuepo'anazhi (
284:Western Turkic Khaganate
3502:Emperor Taizong of Tang
2418:Secretariat-Chancellery
2239:Niu–Li factional strife
1630:Second Turkic Khaganate
747:, the Prince of Qi, at
563:In the years following
299:Emperor Taizong of Tang
3299:Science and technology
2588:Huaisu's Autobiography
2488:Four Garrisons of Anxi
2254:Tang-Nanzhao conflicts
2192:Tang–Western Turks War
2162:Tang–Eastern Turks War
1307:First Turkic Khaganate
1159:. BRILL. p. 119.
1143:, vol. 2, pp. 513-515.
1100:Four Garrisons of Anxi
922:
903:Campaign against Yanqi
828:
567:'s subjugation of the
293:Commanders and leaders
2734:Green Satchel Classic
2633:Thousand-Buddha Cliff
2628:Rongxian Giant Buddha
2601:Kashyapa & Ananda
2437:Ministry of Personnel
2347:Imperial examinations
1897:Tonyukuk inscriptions
1882:Shoroon Bumbagar tomb
916:
826:
466:Establishment of Tang
246:Allied Turkic cavalry
202:Establishment of the
3487:7th century in China
2495:Beiting Protectorate
2271:Huang Chao Rebellion
2187:Tang–Tibet relations
2157:Xuanwu Gate Incident
1935:Göktürk–Persian wars
1775:Mengchi Protectorate
1746:Kunling Protectorate
1226:, vols. 215, part 2,
599:to defeat and annex
51:improve this article
3477:History of Xinjiang
3285:Chinese Manichaeism
2623:Leshan Giant Buddha
2595:Night-Shining White
2457:Ministry of Justice
2442:Ministry of Revenue
2229:An Lushan rebellion
2081:Göktürk family tree
1872:Orkhon inscriptions
1862:Old Turkic language
1670:Kutluk Yabgu Khagan
1113:An Lushan rebellion
695:In contrast to the
575:city-states of the
359:Long Tuqizhi (
3405:Woodblock printing
3268:Church of the East
2713:The Classic of Tea
2618:Dazu Rock Carvings
2249:Sweet Dew incident
2167:Tang–Xueyantuo War
1716:Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun
1532:Tong Yabghu Qaghan
1449:Ashina Jiesheshuai
923:
829:
347:Qu Zhisheng (
3449:
3448:
3293:
3292:
3176:Dongshan Liangjie
3164:Zhaozhou Congshen
3047:
3046:
2698:The Tale of Li Wa
2532:
2531:
2515:Ungjin Commandery
2462:Ministry of Works
2447:Ministry of Rites
2394:Three Departments
2352:Official headwear
2172:Goguryeo–Tang War
2099:
2098:
1962:Göktürk civil war
1957:Goguryeo–Tang War
1902:Ongin inscription
1867:Old Turkic script
1805:Anxi Protectorate
1193:978-0-231-13924-3
1166:978-90-04-48294-4
560:
559:
411:
410:
383:Haripushpa (
228:
227:
204:Anxi Protectorate
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
3509:
3232:Neo-Confucianism
3134:Baizhang Huaihai
3056:
2664:Empress Zhangsun
2639:
2574:A Palace Concert
2390:
2283:
2244:Changqing Treaty
2126:
2119:
2112:
2103:
1994:Battle of Bolchu
1989:Li-Sun rebellion
1542:Sy Yabghu Khagan
1292:
1285:
1278:
1269:
1223:New Book of Tang
1213:Old Book of Tang
1198:
1197:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1025:
986:Dzungarian Basin
781:
716:Ashina Tong and
657:, attacked both
644:
629:
456:
437:
430:
423:
414:
401:
387:
375:
363:
351:
331:
155:
154:
149:
129:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3436:Salt Commission
3431:Kaiyuan Tongbao
3409:
3289:
3256:
3218:
3193:
3043:
2964:
2959:Liêu Hữu Phương
2741:
2637:
2528:
2466:
2452:Ministry of War
2423:
2388:
2382:Turkic generals
2367:Imperial guards
2284:
2275:
2234:Qingshui Treaty
2224:Battle of Talas
2177:Baekje–Tang War
2136:
2130:
2100:
2095:
2069:
1998:
1922:
1916:
1830:Göktürk culture
1825:
1814:Tokhara Yabghus
1759:Ashina Yuanqing
1736:
1728:
1723:El Bilga Khatun
1645:Qapaghan Qaghan
1640:Ilterish Qaghan
1632:
1624:
1504:
1496:
1408:
1400:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1266:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1105:Western Regions
1080:Emperor Gaozong
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1016:
1010:
973:
965:Main articles:
963:
911:
905:
897:Yipishekui Khan
884:
821:
815:
693:
687:
679:Emperor Gaozong
638:
623:
581:Western Regions
561:
556:
503:Western Regions
457:
443:
441:
397:
394:
382:
370:
366:
358:
354:
346:
337:
333:
327:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
288:
221:
213:
173:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3515:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3482:640s conflicts
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3379:Gautama Siddha
3376:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3240:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3207:Cheng Xuanying
3203:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3146:Yaoshan Weiyan
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2803:Wang Changling
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2645:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2429:Six Ministries
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2189:
2184:
2182:Silla–Tang War
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1793:Ashina Huaidao
1790:
1788:Ashina Huseluo
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1688:Ashina Duoxifu
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1522:Heshana Qaghan
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1491:Ashina Shibobi
1487:
1480:
1473:
1470:Ashina Nishufu
1466:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1372:Empress Ashina
1368:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Ishbara Qaghan
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1236:Zizhi Tongjian
1232:
1219:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1172:
1165:
1145:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1093:Jiwangjue Khan
1089:Xinxiwang Khan
1061:
1060:
1052:
1042:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:Main article:
1009:
1006:
1000:), and An (安,
962:
959:
919:Zhao Mausoleum
907:Main article:
904:
901:
883:
880:
817:Main article:
814:
811:
753:Ashina Moheduo
689:Main article:
686:
683:
558:
557:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
533:
532:
522:
521:
520:
515:
510:
500:
495:
490:
485:
484:
483:
478:
473:
462:
459:
458:
442:
440:
439:
432:
425:
417:
409:
408:
341:
295:
294:
290:
289:
287:
286:
281:
269:
261:
252:
250:
249:
248:
235:
234:
230:
229:
226:
225:
217:Annexation of
215:
209:
208:
207:
206:
200:
194:Western Turkic
191:
179:
175:
174:
169:
167:
163:
162:
159:
151:
150:
142:
141:
134:
133:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3514:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:(fl 714–724)
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3359:Xinxiu bencao
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:Liang Lingzan
3326:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3314:Jigu Suanjing
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:Wang Xiaotong
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3182:Yunmen Wenyan
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:Viśa Īrasangä
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2827:Liu Changqing
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:Zhang Jiuling
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:Protectorates
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Orkhon Valley
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
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1783:Ashina Buzhen
1781:
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1734:Western Turks
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1665:Tengri Qaghan
1663:
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1660:Yollıg Khagan
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1484:Ashide Fengji
1481:
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1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:Ashina She'er
1460:
1457:
1456:Ashina Funian
1453:
1450:
1446:
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1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:Qilibi Qaghan
1434:
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1339:Taspar Qaghan
1337:
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1123:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1109:Hexi Corridor
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:Shabolüe Khan
1063:
1056:
1048:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1004:), withdrew.
1003:
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758:
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750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:Tongyehu Khan
711:
710:Emperor Gaozu
706:
702:
698:
692:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:Ashina She'er
648:
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637:
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627:
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531:
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525:Western Turks
523:
519:
516:
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511:
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493:Eastern Turks
491:
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335:Ashina She'er
332:
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110:
107:December 2017
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
3384:
3357:
3345:
3332:
3312:
3224:Confucianism
3209:(fl 631–655)
3088:(fl 602–664)
2911:Niu Yingzhen
2887:Liu Zongyuan
2732:
2727:Yang Yunsong
2721:Du Guangting
2711:
2696:
2691:Bai Xingjian
2675:
2654:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2568:Playing card
2558:
2197:Oasis states
2133:Tang dynasty
2086:Ashina tribe
1921:Göktürk wars
1754:Ashina Mishe
1675:Özmiş Khagan
1619:Ashina Tuizi
1612:Tardush Shad
1605:Ashina Duzhi
1547:Duolu Qaghan
1477:Ashide Wenfu
1441:Chebi Qaghan
1431:Illig Qaghan
1426:Chulo Qaghan
1421:Shibi Qaghan
1388:Yangsu Tegin
1359:Tulan Qaghan
1354:Bagha Qaghan
1344:Ashina Anluo
1334:Muqan Qaghan
1329:Issik Qaghan
1324:Bumin Qaghan
1234:
1221:
1211:
1182:
1175:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1097:
1070:
994:
974:
935:
928:
924:
885:
847:
842:Zhenzhu Khan
830:
796:
792:Ashina Nishu
769:
757:Ashina Dieli
741:crown prince
737:Li Jiancheng
730:
726:Illig Qaghan
705:Tang dynasty
694:
636:Long Tuqizhi
565:Tang Taizong
562:
502:
476:Qianshuiyuan
398:
367:
355:
343:
328:
318:
310:
302:
271:
263:
255:
240:Tang dynasty
238:
233:Belligerents
181:
137:Part of the
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
3441:Flying cash
3340:Li Chunfeng
3322:Xu Jingzong
3273:Xi'an Stele
3251:Kong Yingda
3122:Amoghavajra
2953:Du Qiuniang
2941:Mo Xuanqing
2935:Li Shangyin
2929:Wen Tingyun
2791:Meng Haoran
2779:He Zhizhang
2773:Chen Zi'ang
2755:Luo Binwang
2412:Chancellery
2407:Secretariat
2372:Shence Army
2328:Jimi system
2311:Family tree
1923:and battles
1892:Ülüş system
1820:Turk Shahis
1769:Ashina Zhen
1764:Ashina Xian
1739:Jimi system
1655:Bilgä Qaǧan
1650:Inel Qaghan
1580:Irbis Seguy
1537:Külüg Sibir
1517:Niri Qaghan
1416:Yami Qaghan
1318:Ashina Tuwu
1085:Su Dingfang
1076:Ashina Helu
855:Qu Zhisheng
807:Ashina Bobu
799:Ashina Yugu
749:Xuanwu Gate
639: [
624: [
577:Tarim Basin
488:Xuanwu Gate
212:Territorial
198:Tarim Basin
171:Tarim Basin
3456:Categories
3400:Toothbrush
3367:Sun Simiao
3342:(602–670)
3309:(580–640)
3213:Lü Dongbin
3128:Mazu Daoyi
3110:Vajrabodhi
3008:Zhang Xuan
2857:Wei Yingwu
2761:Du Shenyan
2708:(733–804)
2693:(776–826)
2651:(596–667)
2611:Autumn Dew
2318:Chancellor
2289:Government
1912:Qara bodun
1798:Ashina Xin
1680:Ashina Shi
1591:Bagha Shad
1575:Yukuk Shad
1379:Apa Qaghan
1119:References
889:Tocharians
867:chancellor
685:Background
655:Shibi Khan
621:Guo Xiaoke
395:Nali
323:Guo Xiaoke
315:Guo Xiaoke
77:newspapers
3396:(730–805)
3375:(683–727)
3324:(592-672)
3253:(574–648)
3245:(772–841)
3239:(768–824)
3184:(862–949)
3178:(807–869)
3166:(778–897)
3160:(770–860)
3154:(746–805)
3148:(745–827)
3142:(730–790)
3136:(720–814)
3130:(709–788)
3124:(705–774)
3118:(688–763)
3112:(671–741)
3106:(638–689)
3100:(635–713)
3094:(632–682)
3082:(613–681)
3076:(562–645)
3070:(549–623)
3034:(855–915)
3028:(832–912)
3022:(730–780)
3020:Zhou Fang
3016:(723–787)
3014:Han Huang
3010:(713–755)
3004:(706–783)
2992:(699–759)
2986:(680–760)
2980:(600–673)
2978:Yan Liben
2949:(840–868)
2947:Yu Xuanji
2937:(813–858)
2931:(812–866)
2925:(803–852)
2907:(790–817)
2895:(779–831)
2893:Yuan Zhen
2889:(773–819)
2883:(772–846)
2877:(772–842)
2871:(768–824)
2865:(739–799)
2859:(737–792)
2853:(722–789)
2847:(715–770)
2841:(712–779)
2835:(712–770)
2829:(709–785)
2823:(704–765)
2817:(701–762)
2811:(699–759)
2805:(698–756)
2799:(690–751)
2793:(689–740)
2787:(673–740)
2781:(659–744)
2775:(656–702)
2769:(650–676)
2763:(645–708)
2757:(619–684)
2729:(9th c.)
2723:(850–933)
2687:(751–762)
2672:(7th c.)
2666:(601–636)
2377:Shumiyuan
2202:Karakhoja
2141:History (
1972:Xueyantuo
1822:(665–870)
1816:(625-758)
1702:Kul Tigin
1695:Kulun Beg
1633:(682–744)
1598:Böri Shad
1505:(581–657)
1409:(581–630)
1310:(552–581)
1124:Citations
1008:Aftermath
893:Amu Darya
870:Wei Zheng
850:Hou Junji
803:Ili River
765:Qu Wentai
745:Li Yuanji
733:Li Shimin
613:Karakhoja
597:Hou Junji
585:Tocharian
542:Xueyantuo
508:Karakhoja
339:Qibi Heli
307:Hou Junji
259:Karakhoja
219:Karakhoja
182:Decisive
3369:(d. 682)
3354:Su Jing
3190:(9th c.)
3172:(8th c.)
3170:Zhisheng
3116:Jianzhen
3086:Xuanzang
3060:Buddhism
3052:Religion
3040:(9th c.)
3032:Jing Hao
2998:(7th c.)
2990:Wang Wei
2984:Wu Daozi
2970:Painters
2961:(9th c.)
2955:(9th c.)
2919:(8th c.)
2917:Zhang Xu
2913:(8th c.)
2901:(d. 784)
2881:Bai Juyi
2875:Liu Yuxi
2845:Cen Shen
2839:Zhang Ji
2809:Wang Wei
2362:Jiedushi
2357:Military
2264:Songping
2217:Conquest
2207:Karasahr
2143:Timeline
1982:Conquest
1857:Kurultai
1837:Tengrism
1709:Tonyukuk
1299:Göktürks
1239:, vols.
955:Congling
951:Xinjiang
863:Xinjiang
838:Xinjiang
720:'s king
718:Gaochang
659:Karasahr
647:Karasahr
632:Karasahr
609:Karasahr
601:Gaochang
547:Songzhou
537:Goguryeo
530:conquest
513:Karasahr
379:Karasahr
275:Karasahr
267:Karasahr
186:victory
166:Location
3426:Liu Yan
3421:Diwu Qi
3414:Economy
3394:Jia Dan
3373:Yi Xing
3215:(796-?)
3080:Shandao
3074:Daochuo
3038:Sun Wei
3026:Guanxiu
3002:Han Gan
2943:(834-?)
2821:Gao Shi
2767:Wang Bo
2685:Du Huan
2649:Daoxuan
2642:Writers
2537:Culture
2333:Fanzhen
2296:Emperor
2065:Elteber
2055:Tarkhan
1205:Sources
1137:Bo Yang
1002:Bukhara
982:Tuyuhun
947:Kashgar
784:Nushibi
776:Chinese
772:Khazars
722:Qu Boya
667:Kashgar
605:Fu Jian
498:Tuyuhun
454:Gaozong
450:Taizong
399:†
329:†
214:changes
161:640–648
91:scholar
3237:Han Yu
3199:Taoism
3152:Huiguo
3140:Wukong
3098:Yijing
3068:Jizang
2869:Han Yu
2863:Lu Lun
2815:Li Bai
2670:Bianji
2554:Poetry
2549:Sancai
2135:topics
2091:Ashide
2074:Family
2050:Khatun
2025:Yabghu
2010:Khagan
2003:Titles
1945:Second
1847:Otuken
1737:under
1585:Hallig
1527:Sheguy
1395:Tamgan
1365:Istämi
1229:, 221.
1190:
1163:
1066:years.
998:Khotan
990:Chigil
953:) and
939:Yutian
788:Kangju
782:) and
778::
699:, the
671:Khotan
645:, but
552:Baekje
444:Early
325:
178:Result
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
3261:Other
3243:Li Ao
3158:Puhua
3092:Kuiji
2923:Du Mu
2905:Li He
2899:Li Ye
2851:Li Bi
2833:Du Fu
2797:Li Qi
2747:Poets
2706:Lu Yu
2338:Hebei
2306:House
2259:Annan
2212:Kucha
2060:Ishad
2040:Tudun
2035:Boyla
2030:Bagha
2020:Tegin
1950:Third
1940:First
1852:Suyab
1842:Asena
1512:Tardu
978:Tiele
943:Shule
931:tudun
675:Tibet
663:Kucha
643:]
628:]
573:oasis
518:Kucha
481:Hulao
471:Huoyi
405:Kucha
391:Kucha
279:Kucha
98:JSTOR
84:books
3462:640s
3188:Gikū
3104:Faru
2301:List
2015:Shad
1188:ISBN
1161:ISBN
969:and
834:Hami
780:設卑達官
761:khan
739:the
669:and
661:and
589:Saka
587:and
452:and
446:Tang
368:648:
356:644:
344:640:
319:648:
311:644:
303:640:
272:648:
264:644:
256:640:
184:Tang
158:Date
70:news
3497:648
3492:640
2544:Art
2045:Beg
1261:199
1257:198
1253:197
1249:196
1245:195
1241:194
1046:660
759:as
389:) (
386:POW
377:) (
374:POW
362:POW
350:POW
53:by
3458::
1259:,
1255:,
1251:,
1247:,
1243:,
1139:,
1037:▷
1032:◁
949:,
941:,
861:,
836:,
681:.
641:zh
634:,
626:zh
277:,
2420:)
2416:(
2145:)
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2118:t
2111:v
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1721:(
1718:)
1714:(
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1707:(
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1700:(
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1693:(
1690:)
1686:(
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1617:(
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1610:(
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1589:(
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1558:(
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1461:(
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20:)
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