257:
customs and used his personal power to serve his career. Therefore, Hu Yan rightfully chastised him. This was not without reason for he violated the common rule. In Liu Bei's situation, he wasn't forced to be so quick in his decision, yet his subordinate by mentioning a previous fault as an example didn't serve his ruler the way ancient customs teach us. And Liu Bei, in following his advice, made a mistake."
256:
disapproved of Liu Bei's decision; he commented: "Human relations begin with the marriage between two individuals, It is the socle of a ruler's influence. The common people must abide to the ancestral customs, even more for someone who wishes to act as their ruler. Duke Wen of Jin abolished those
217:) when Liu Yan was made the governor in 188. Liu Yan had imperial ambition and knew that a physiognomist once assessed that Lady Wu would rise to high nobility. Because of this prediction and due to the friendship between her father and Liu Yan, she was married to Liu Yan's son Liu Mao (
238:. Many of Liu Bei's subordinates encouraged him to take Lady Wu as his wife. However, he was hesitant due to the fact that Liu Mao and him were of the same clan. In order to convince Liu Bei, Fa Zheng reminded Liu that
914:
330:
recorded that
Empress Dowager Wu died in the 8th month of the 8th year of the Yanxi era of Liu Shan's reign. This month corresponds to 9 September to 8 October 245 in the Gregorian calendar.
348:
Liu Mao was also a brother of Liu Zhang, the original governor of the Yi province whom Liu Bei had recently conquered. There is ambiguity in the birth order of Liu Zhang and Liu Mao in
552:
272:), Liu Bei claimed for himself the Han imperial title in 221, establishing Shu. Later that year, he made her empress. After his death in 223, his son and successor
894:
201:. She had an elder brother, Wu Yi (吴懿). The siblings lost their father at a young age. However her father, whose name is not recorded in history, was a friend of
352:. In Liu Yan's biography, Liu Mao was recorded as being Liu Yan's youngest son. However, in Liu Zhang's biography, Liu Mao became Liu Zhang's elder brother.
1028:
648:
1023:
643:
498:
78:
419:(習鑿齒曰：夫婚姻，人倫之始，王化之本，匹夫猶不可以無禮，而況人君乎？晉文廢禮行權，以濟其業，故子犯曰，有求於人，必先從之，將奪其國，何有於妻，非無故而違禮教者也。今先主無權事之偪，而引前失以為譬，非導其君以堯、舜之道者。先主從之，過矣。) Xi Zuochi's annotation in
973:
930:
545:
902:
898:
304:
890:
886:
538:
620:
260:
When he claimed for himself the title of the "Prince of
Hanzhong" in 219, he made Lady Wu his queen consort. After the fall of the
615:
757:
716:
595:
926:
878:
432:(建安二十四年，立為漢中王后。章武元年夏五月，策曰：「朕承天命，奉至尊，臨萬國。今以后為皇后，遣使持節丞相亮授璽綬，承宗廟，母天下，皇后其敬之哉！」建興元年五月，後主即位，尊后為皇太后，稱長樂宮。壹官至車騎將軍，封縣侯。延熙八年，后薨，合葬惠陵。)
448:
282:
202:
1700:
1542:
1705:
966:
361:
Lady Gan's biography also state that she was buried with Liu Bei. It is possible that both were buried with Liu Bei.
1695:
1690:
1552:
1517:
1432:
1126:
843:
1402:
1256:
1146:
1131:
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1427:
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1306:
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870:
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1059:
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178:
1628:
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1442:
1301:
1186:
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706:
299:
1685:
1633:
1376:
1346:
512:
265:
261:
227:
198:
1512:
1407:
1226:
1044:
488:
280:. She died in 245 and was buried at Huiling along with Liu Bei in the imperial tomb. However the
1251:
1638:
1562:
1487:
1482:
1356:
1567:
1321:
1281:
1196:
1191:
1166:
858:
247:
154:
1216:
590:
508:
277:
239:
129:
24:
562:
464:
170:
1679:
1603:
1286:
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1613:
853:
681:
29:
20:
530:
1577:
1447:
1075:
671:
206:
1618:
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1381:
1331:
1296:
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1181:
951:
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658:
459:
1547:
1537:
1316:
1271:
1201:
1176:
1121:
1095:
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807:
443:
393:(先主穆皇后，陳留人也。兄吳壹，少孤，壹父素與劉焉有舊，是以舉家隨焉入蜀。焉有異志，而聞善相者相后當大貴。焉時將子瑁自隨，遂為瑁納后。瑁死，后寡居。)
253:
243:
214:
1246:
1659:
1608:
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1231:
1141:
1116:
1111:
1085:
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287:
273:
235:
231:
1664:
1643:
1623:
1587:
1522:
1497:
1437:
1422:
1417:
1236:
1206:
1171:
1156:
1136:
997:
983:
817:
799:
774:
726:
698:
666:
630:
577:
210:
190:
189:
Lady Wu was from
Chenliu Commandery (陳留郡), which is around present-day
174:
166:
118:
94:
47:
1527:
1502:
1457:
1371:
1276:
1266:
1090:
269:
223:) who accompanied him. After Liu Mao's death, she did not remarry.
1507:
1462:
1452:
1366:
1336:
1211:
194:
98:
955:
534:
406:(先主既定益州，而孫夫人還吳，群下勸先主聘后，先主疑與瑁同族，法正進曰：「論其親疏，何與晉文之於子圉乎？」於是納后為夫人。)
165:(literally "the Just Empress"), was an empress of the state of
226:
When Liu Bei seized Yi
Province from Lady Wu's brother-in-law
286:
is inconsistent in stating whether she, or Liu Shan's mother
177:, the founding emperor of Shu Han, and a younger sister of
246:, even though he was the brother of her previous husband,
230:
in 214, he had been effectively divorced from his wife
173:
period. She was the last wife and the only empress of
250:. Therefore, Liu Bei agreed and he married Lady Wu.
1652:
1596:
1390:
1104:
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128:
112:
104:
88:
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45:
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149:(died September or October 245), personal name
967:
546:
218:
8:
322:
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974:
960:
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471:
35:
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316:
339:Liu Mao died between late 208 and 214.
205:, therefore Lady Wu followed him into
125:
57:16 June 223 – September or October 245
305:Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
16:Empress Dowager of Shu Han (died 245)
7:
197:. She was born sometime in the late
14:
219:
1:
915:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
449:Records of the Three Kingdoms
283:Records of the Three Kingdoms
326:Liu Shan's biography in the
290:, was buried with Liu Bei.
1722:
783:Grand Empress Dowager Bian
62:Empress consort of Shu Han
18:
1038:Princes and royal figures
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791:
766:
690:
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135:
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70:19 June 221 – 16 June 223
234:, the younger sister of
108:September or October 245
768:Grand empresses dowager
209:(covering present-day
1653:Other notable figures
161:), formally known as
982:Prominent people of
793:Posthumous empresses
707:Empress Dowager Bian
300:Shu Han family trees
1701:People from Kaifeng
1597:Other notable women
513:Eastern Han dynasty
262:Eastern Han dynasty
199:Eastern Han dynasty
46:Empress dowager of
1706:2nd-century births
758:Empress Dowager He
489:Empress of Shu Han
264:in late 220 (with
1696:Family of Liu Bei
1691:Shu Han empresses
1673:
1672:
1563:Zhang Yi (Bogong)
1391:Military officers
949:
948:
692:Empresses dowager
571:Empresses consort
561:Empresses of the
529:
528:
496:Succeeded by
268:'s abdication to
242:was betrothed to
144:
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1713:
1568:Zhang Yi (Junsi)
976:
969:
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520:Empress of China
506:Preceded by
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276:honoured her as
248:Duke Huai of Jin
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136:Empress Mu (穆皇后)
126:
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1024:Empress Jing'ai
1007:
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980:
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863:
830:
812:
794:
787:
769:
762:
739:
721:
693:
686:
653:
625:
591:Empress Mingdao
572:
565:
559:
524:
522:(Southwestern)
515:
509:Empress Cao Jie
501:
499:Empress Jing'ai
492:
476:Chinese royalty
446:(3rd century).
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278:empress dowager
240:Duke Wen of Jin
187:
130:Posthumous name
117:
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79:Empress Jing'ai
40:
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1154:
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1134:
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1119:
1114:
1108:
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1105:Civil officers
1102:
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1098:
1093:
1088:
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1078:
1072:
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771:
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764:
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761:
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749:
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731:
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695:
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582:
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574:
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563:Three Kingdoms
560:
558:
557:
550:
543:
535:
527:
526:
516:
507:
503:
502:
497:
494:
485:
479:
478:
470:
469:
465:Zizhi Tongjian
457:
439:
438:
425:
412:
399:
386:
380:(八年秋八月，皇太后薨。)
372:
370:
367:
364:
363:
354:
341:
332:
315:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
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295:
292:
186:
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171:Three Kingdoms
142:
141:
138:
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133:
132:
122:
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110:
109:
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90:
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43:
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15:
13:
10:
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3:
2:
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1627:
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1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Cheng Zhenjue
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
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1287:Sima Shengzhi
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1029:Empress Zhang
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
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1001:
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689:
683:
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649:Empress Zhang
647:
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644:Empress Zhang
642:
640:
637:
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634:
632:
628:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
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606:Empress Zhang
604:
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584:
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56:
52:
49:
44:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
1018:
903:N. Dynasties
899:S. Dynasties
734:
682:Teng Fanglan
638:
621:Empress Bian
616:Empress Bian
611:Empress Wang
601:Empress Zhen
518:
487:
483:New dynasty
482:
463:
453:
447:
433:
428:
420:
415:
407:
402:
394:
389:
381:
376:
357:
349:
344:
335:
327:
281:
266:Emperor Xian
259:
252:
225:
188:
162:
150:
146:
145:
28:
21:Chinese name
1629:Lady Xiahou
1578:Zhuge Shang
1543:Xiang Chong
1448:Huang Zhong
1076:Zhuge Liang
895:16 Kingdoms
753:Empress Zhu
717:Empress Guo
677:Empress Zhu
672:Quan Huijie
596:Empress Guo
460:Sima, Guang
207:Yi Province
169:during the
25:family name
1686:245 deaths
1680:Categories
1619:Lady Huang
1583:Zhuge Zhan
1443:Huang Quan
1382:Zhuge Qiao
1332:Xiang Lang
1302:Wang Chong
1297:Shou Liang
1262:Meng Guang
1182:Guo Youzhi
1019:Empress Wu
887:3 Kingdoms
849:Bu Lianshi
836:Eastern Wu
745:Eastern Wu
735:Empress Wu
712:Guo Nüwang
659:Eastern Wu
639:Empress Wu
586:Guo Nüwang
444:Chen, Shou
369:References
163:Empress Mu
147:Empress Wu
39:Empress Wu
1634:Li Zhaoyi
1614:Lady Guan
1553:Zhang Nan
1548:Zhang Fei
1538:Xiahou Ba
1518:Wang Ping
1433:Gao Xiang
1377:Zhang Bao
1347:Yang Hong
1317:Wang Lian
1272:Qiao Zhou
1202:Huang Hao
1177:Guan Xing
1127:Chen Zhen
1122:Chen Shou
1096:Jiang Wei
1081:Jiang Wan
1012:Empresses
859:Lady Wang
854:Lady Wang
808:Lady Zhen
454:Sanguozhi
434:Sanguozhi
421:Sanguozhi
408:Sanguozhi
395:Sanguozhi
382:Sanguozhi
350:Sanguozhi
328:Sanguozhi
254:Xi Zuochi
244:Huai Ying
228:Liu Zhang
215:Chongqing
75:Successor
1660:Meng Huo
1609:Lady Gan
1573:Zhao Yun
1558:Zhang Ni
1513:Ma Zhong
1493:Luo Xian
1478:Liao Hua
1413:Deng Zhi
1408:Cheng Ji
1403:Chen Shi
1398:Chen Dao
1362:Yao Zhou
1327:Xi Zheng
1312:Wang Hua
1292:She Yuan
1257:Ma Liang
1232:Li Zhuan
1227:Li Xiang
1162:Fan Jian
1147:Du Qiong
1142:Dong Jue
1132:Chen Zhi
1117:Chang Xu
1112:Chang Ji
1086:Dong Yun
1055:Liu Yong
1050:Liu Xuan
1045:Liu Chen
1003:Liu Shan
991:Emperors
826:Lady Gan
525:221–223
493:221–223
462:(1084).
436:vol. 34.
423:vol. 34.
410:vol. 34.
397:vol. 34.
384:vol. 33.
294:See also
288:Lady Gan
274:Liu Shan
236:Sun Quan
232:Lady Sun
19:In this
1665:Shamoke
1644:Yuan Fu
1639:Lady Hu
1624:Lady Mi
1588:Zong Yu
1523:Wei Yan
1498:Ma Chao
1488:Liu Yin
1483:Liu Yan
1438:Gong Lu
1428:Fu Rong
1423:Fu Qian
1418:Feng Xi
1357:Yang Yi
1352:Yang Xi
1342:Xu Jing
1307:Wang Fu
1237:Liao Li
1222:Li Miao
1207:Lai Min
1172:Fei Shi
1157:Du Zhen
1137:Dong He
1069:Regents
998:Liu Bei
984:Shu Han
844:Lady Wu
818:Shu Han
800:Cao Wei
775:Cao Wei
727:Shu Han
699:Cao Wei
667:Pan Shu
631:Shu Han
578:Cao Wei
511:of the
211:Sichuan
203:Liu Yan
191:Kaifeng
175:Liu Bei
167:Shu Han
155:Chinese
151:Wu Xian
119:Liu Bei
116:Liu Mao
95:Kaifeng
92:Unknown
48:Shu Han
1528:Wu Ban
1503:Ma Dai
1473:Li Hui
1468:Li Yan
1458:Huo Yi
1372:Yin Mo
1322:Wen Li
1282:Ren Xi
1277:Qin Mi
1267:Mi Zhu
1247:Lü Kai
1242:Liu Ba
1197:He Zhi
1192:He Sui
1187:He Pan
1167:Fei Li
1152:Du Wei
1091:Fei Yi
1060:Liu Li
927:W. Xia
869:Xia →
270:Cao Pi
157::
113:Spouse
67:Tenure
54:Tenure
23:, the
1533:Wu Yi
1508:Ma Su
1463:Ju Fu
1453:Hu Ji
1367:Yi Ji
1337:Xu Ci
1252:Lü Yi
1217:Li Mi
1212:Li Fu
871:Shang
311:Notes
195:Henan
179:Wu Yi
99:Henan
943:Qing
939:Ming
935:Yuan
923:Song
919:Liao
911:Tang
875:Zhou
213:and
185:Life
105:Died
89:Born
931:Jīn
907:Sui
891:Jìn
883:Han
879:Qin
41:吳皇后
27:is
1682::
941:→
937:→
933:→
929:/
925:/
921:/
917:→
913:→
909:→
905:→
901:/
897:→
893:/
889:→
885:→
881:→
877:→
873:→
456:).
319:^
220:劉瑁
193:,
181:.
159:吳莧
97:,
30:Wu
975:e
968:t
961:v
554:e
547:t
540:v
468:.
452:(
153:(
33:.
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