89:
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electricity to create hot water for showers, washing machines, dishwashers, sterilizers, and more; geothermal is one of the cleanest and most efficient options, needing fuel to dig deep holes, hot water pumps, and tubing to distribute the hot water. Geothermal not only helps energy security, but also food security via year-round heated greenhouses. Hydroelectric, already incorporated into many dams around the world, produces a lot of energy, usually on demand, and is very easy to produce energy as the dams control the gravity-fed water allowed through gates which spin up turbines located inside of the dam.
472:
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243:, can also prevent the proper functioning of the energy industry in a supplier country. For example, the nationalization of oil in Venezuela has triggered strikes and protests in which Venezuela's oil production rates have yet to recover. Exporters may have political or economic incentive to limit their foreign sales or cause disruptions in the supply chain. Since Venezuela's nationalization of oil, anti-American
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401:
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710:
647:. As the finite resources that have been so crucial to survival in the world decline day by day, countries will begin to realize that the need for renewable fuel sources will be more vital than ever before. Moreover, renewable energy resources are more evenly distributed than fossil fuels and, as a result, can improve energy security and reduce geopolitical tensions among states.
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36:
256:. Terrorist attacks targeting oil facilities, pipelines, tankers, refineries, and oil fields are so common they are referred to as "industry risks". Infrastructure for producing the resource is extremely vulnerable to sabotage. One of the worst risks to oil transportation is the exposure of the five ocean chokepoints, like the Iranian-controlled
600:. Although generally considered a viable energy resource, nuclear power remains controversial due to the risks associated with it. Another factor in the debate with nuclear power is the concern from people or companies regarding the location of a nuclear energy plant or the disposal radioactive waste nearby.
412:
Petroleum, otherwise known as "crude oil", has become the resource most used by countries all around the world, including Russia, China and the United States of
America. With all the oil wells located around the world, energy security has become a main issue to ensure the safety of the petroleum that
660:
crude oil (or algae-derived ethanol, which is very, very inefficient), these options are substantially cleaner than the consumption of petroleum. "Most life cycle analysis results for perennial and ligno-cellulosic crops conclude that biofuels can supplement anthropogenic energy demands and mitigate
603:
In 2022, nuclear power provided 10% of the world's total electricity share. The most notable use of nuclear power within the United States is in U.S. Navy aircraft carriers and submarines, which have been exclusively nuclear-powered for several decades. These classes of ship provide the core of the
588:
in countries including Canada (23% of the world's total in 2007), Australia (21%), Kazakhstan (16%) and more than 10 other countries. Uranium is mined and fuel is manufactured significantly in advance of need. Nuclear fuel is considered by some to be a relatively reliable power source, being more
180:
of food produced in the industrial world, 10 kilocalories of oil and gas energy are invested in the forms of fertilizer, pesticide, packaging, transportation, and running farm equipment. Energy plays an important role in the national security of any given country as a fuel to power the economic
693:
predicts that the global capacity of renewables would increase an additional 320 gigawatts. For context, that would almost entirely cover the electricity demand of
Germany. However, the report cautioned that current public policies are a threat to future renewable energy growth: "the amount of
650:
Geothermal (renewable and clean energy) can indirectly reduce the need for other sources of fuel. By using the heat from the outer core of the Earth to heat water, steam created from the heated water can not only power electricity-generating turbines, but also eliminate the need for consuming
638:
For countries where growing dependence on imported gas is a significant energy security issue, renewable technologies can provide alternative sources of electric power as well as possibly displacing electricity demand through direct heat production (e.g. geothermal and burning fuels for heat
1213:
Farah, Paolo Davide; Rossi, Piercarlo (December 2, 2011). "National Energy
Policies and Energy Security in the Context of Climate Change and Global Environmental Risks: A Theoretical Framework for Reconciling Domestic and International Law Through a Multiscalar and Multilevel Approach".
88:
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could replace the energy we derive from oil. Traditional fossil fuel exporters (e.g. Russia) who built their country's wealth from memorialized plant remains (fossil fuels) and have not yet diversified their energy portfolio to include renewable energy have greater national energy
681:
by 295 gigawatts (295 billion Watts, equivalent to 295,000,000,000 Watts, or a third of a trillion Watts) despite supply chain issues and high raw material prices. The
European Union was especially impactful—its annual additions increased nearly 30% to 36 gigawatts in 2021.
1485:
303:
government. Increased competition over energy resources may also lead to the formation of security compacts to enable an equitable distribution of oil and gas between major powers. However, this may happen at the expense of less developed economies. The
495:
creates significant short-term vulnerabilities. The gas conflicts between
Ukraine and Russia of 2006 and 2009 serve as vivid examples of this. Many European countries saw an immediate drop in supply when Russian gas supplies were halted during the
541:
994/2010 on the same subject. EU policy operates on a number of regional groupings, a network of common gas security risk assessments, and a "solidarity mechanism", which would be activated in the event of a significant gas supply crisis.
247:
threatened to cut off supplies to the United States more than once. The 1973 oil embargo against the United States is an historical example in which oil supplies were cut off to the United States due to U.S. support of Israel during the
1481:
366:
Increasing energy security is also one of the reasons behind a block on the development of natural gas imports in Sweden. Greater investment in native renewable energy technologies and energy conservation is envisaged instead.
655:
have been researched relatively thoroughly, using several different sources such as sugary corn (very inefficient) and cellulose-rich switchgrass (more efficient) to produce ethanol, and fat-rich algae to produce a
1060:
978:
694:
renewable power capacity added worldwide is expected to plateau in 2023, as continued progress for solar is offset by a 40% decline in hydropower expansion and little change in wind additions."
1597:
Regulation (EU) 2017/1938 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2017 concerning measures to safeguard the security of gas supply and repealing Regulation (EU) No 994/2010
1903:
537:, security of gas supply is protected by Regulation 2017/1938 of 25 October 2017, which concerns "measures to safeguard the security of gas supply" and took the place of the previous
3380:
768:
216:
Competition over energy sources (e.g. biofuel(biodiesel, bioethanol) vs oil(crude, distilled fuel) vs coal vs natural gas vs nuclear vs wind vs solar vs hydro(dam, pumped))
339:
was a particular milestone that prompted some countries to increase their energy security. Japan, almost totally dependent on imported oil, steadily introduced the use of
476:
748:
265:
1878:
Overland, Indra. (2010). Subsidies for fossil fuels and climate change: A comparative perspective. International
Journal of Environmental Studies. 67. 303–317.
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hold a minimum of 90 days of their oil imports. These countries also committed to passing legislation to develop an emergency response plan in the case of oil
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1110:
821:
753:
3405:
3318:
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1573:"The U.S. leads global petroleum and natural gas production with record growth in 2018 - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
222:
Attacks on supply infrastructure (e.g. hackers stopping flow pumps inside a pipeline or intentionally surging an electrical grid to over/underload it)
413:
is being harvested. In the middle east, oil fields have become main targets for sabotage due to how heavily countries rely on oil. Many countries hold
1843:
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exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of
3350:
3041:
836:
219:
Unreliable energy stores (e.g. long time to spin a turbine to create power, or Li-ion battery grid explosion, or pumped hydro dam becoming clogged)
2047:
631:
Contributes to the flexibility of the rigid electrical grid via local generation (independent of easily targeted centralized power distributors).
437:
253:
1726:
168:
The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel anything from transportation to communication, to security and health delivery systems.
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New threats to energy security have emerged in the form of the increased world competition for energy resources due to the increased pace of
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for approximately 77% of its energy needs. Not every sector is as critical as the others. Some have greater importance to energy security.
1748:
1061:"Emerald: Article Request – Sino-Indian cooperation in the search for overseas petroleum resources: Prospects and implications for India"
3410:
2853:
1935:
1924:
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Political/Domestic instability of major energy-producing countries (e.g. change in leadership's environmental values, or regime change)
1357:
2020:
3302:
743:
75:
57:
698:
Solar power is generally less vulnerable to enemy action than large fossil fuel and hydro plants and can be more quickly repaired.
1292:
3056:
2794:
552:"provides for a new set of arrangements for extensive technical cooperation ... particularly with regard to security of supply".
1904:"Renewable power is set to break another global record in 2022 despite headwinds from higher costs and supply chain bottlenecks"
1505:
Orttung, Robert & Overland, Indra. (2011). A limited toolbox: Explaining the constraints on Russia's foreign energy policy.
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to the atmosphere". Using net-carbon-positive oil to fuel transportation is a major source of green house gases, any one of
522:
deep under the Earth's surface. Russia is one of the three current leading country in production of natural gas alongside
96:
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and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security.
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had made significant cuts, and have been making a number of attempts to come up with more efficient ways to use oil.
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2015:
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engine. Some sectors rely on energy more heavily than others; for example, the
Department of Defense relies on
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3154:
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1612:
729:
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Navy's power, and as such are the single most noteworthy application of nuclear power in the United States.
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There are ten calories of hydrocarbon energy in every calorie of food consumed in the industrialized world.
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1936:
https://uwecworkgroup.info/distributed-electricity-generation-in-ukraine-the-risks-and-opportunities/
1925:
https://www.pv-magazine.com/2022/06/02/ukrainian-solar-plant-partly-resumes-operations-after-bombing/
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The value of such reserves was demonstrated by the relative lack of disruption caused by the 2007
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that states a
Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of
115:
93:
507:, natural gas is produced using two methods: biogenic and thermogenic. Biogenic gas comes from
208:
Foreign non-state actors targeting the supply and transportation of oil resources (e.g. theft)
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electricity). Renewable biofuels for transport represent a key source of diversification from
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A bilateral solidarity agreement was signed between
Germany and Denmark on 14 December 2020.
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Increases backup electricity stores via batteries that can produce and/or store electricity.
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common in the Earth's crust than tin, mercury or silver, though a debate over the timing of
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Increases the diversity of electricity sources, reducing strangleholds of one fuel type.
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295:. Although still a minority concern, the possibility of price rises resulting from the
276:
Saudi oil field or tankers in the Strait of Hormuz to throw the market into a spiral."
252:. This has been done to apply pressure during economic negotiations—such as during the
249:
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1963:
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Manipulation of energy supplies (e.g. mega-corporation or state-backed racketeering)
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2662:
2612:
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2416:
2189:
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527:
511:
organisms located in marshes and landfills, whereas thermogenic gas comes from the
430:
405:
348:
138:
of the world leading to energy security and energy vulnerability at the same time.
1242:
503:
Natural gas has been a viable source of energy in the world. Consisting of mostly
312:, first met in 1975 to coordinate economic and energy policies in the wake of the
1883:
1796:
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2723:
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2411:
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492:
340:
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157:
1093:
Fueling the Force: Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era
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17:
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508:
153:
1814:
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2548:
2520:
2459:
1482:"Energy Security as National Security: Defining Problems Ahead of Solutions"
709:
488:
371:
is carrying out a major hunt for domestic oil to decrease its dependency on
317:
182:
239:
Political and economic instability caused by war or other factors, such as
3143:
565:
3259:
3182:
2503:
2484:
2469:
2169:
1805:
1781:"Are renewable energy sources more evenly distributed than fossil fuels?"
947:
802:
652:
452:
169:
1280:
Mathew Maavak, originally published in The Korea Herald on July 18, 2006
233:
Natural disasters (e.g. wind turbine collapsing from a major earthquake)
2637:
2179:
2006:
Institute for the Analysis of Global Security: Energy Security Research
1979:
1714:
https://www.iea.org/reports/nuclear-power-and-secure-energy-transitions
1456:
677:
In 2021, global renewable energy capacity made record-breaking growth,
569:
504:
418:
979:"Lukas TrakimaviÄŤius: Beating the energy crisis and reaching net-zero"
363:
and gas reserves, and became a net exporter of energy into the 2000s.
272:, warns, "It may take only one asymmetric or conventional attack on a
3164:
2184:
2105:
2056:
1638:
441:
336:
300:
273:
123:
1712:
IEA (2022), Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions, IEA, Paris
1693:
205:
Foreign exporters' interests (e.g. Quid Pro Quo/blackmail/extortion)
288:
284:
230:
Accidents (e.g. shoddy weld causing debris buildup in a pipeline)
2558:
2491:
2474:
2142:
1779:
Overland, Indra; Juraev, Javlon; Vakulchuk, Roman (2022-11-01).
372:
333:
2990:
2029:
564:
Sources of uranium delivered to EU utilities in 2007, from the
1663:
U.S. Energy Legislation May Be 'Renaissance' for Nuclear Power
1443:"Despite Pledges to Cut Emissions, China Goes on a Coal Spree"
29:
2986:
1391:"Reauthorization of the Energy Policy & Conservation Act"
1334:"Iceland's Sustainable Energy Story: A Model for the World?"
1548:"FACTBOX - 18 countries affected by Russia-Ukraine gas row"
309:
47:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1003:"Russia changes tack on targeting Ukraine's energy plants"
299:
is also starting to attract the attention of at least the
2025:
134:. International energy relations have contributed to the
1727:"Grid frequency and speed's effects on power generation"
2010:
2000:
1628:, published 24 December 2020, accessed 25 December 2020
53:
27:
National security considerations of energy availability
3381:
International Conference on Population and Development
2005:
1290:
Oil Crisis, US Senator Bob Bennett, September 27, 2000
1132:"Required: Sentinels for Europe's Maritime Lifelines"
202:
Foreign in-state conflict (e.g. religious civil wars)
3434:
3359:
3311:
3290:
3173:
3119:
3070:
3024:
2902:
2778:
2626:
2539:
2445:
2285:
2086:
2016:
Energy and Environmental Security Initiative (EESI)
634:
Increases resistance to threats to energy security.
444:indirectly cut exports to several countries in the
225:
Terrorism (e.g. napalming oil and/or fuel reserves)
1183:Luft, G; Korin, A. (2003). "Terrors Next Target".
1844:"Life-cycle analysis and the ecology of biofuels"
769:Energy security of the People's Republic of China
433:and other short-term threats to energy security.
1615:, updated 14 December, accessed 27 December 2020
1749:"Contribution of renewables to Energy Security"
1150:
1148:
1626:UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Summary
1271:Panoptic World: "Globocops of Energy Security"
1200:Center for Strategic and International Studies
1107:"Power plays: Energy and Australia's security"
749:Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security
266:Center for Strategic and International Studies
3002:
2041:
1198:Cordesman, A. (2006). "Global Oil Security".
625:Increases backup energy via biofuel reserves.
8:
1216:European Energy and Environmental Law Review
822:Energy and Environmental Security Initiative
754:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
144:resources and significant opportunities for
3406:United Nations world population conferences
913:"Energy: the missing link in globalization"
596:Nuclear power is seen as a means to reduce
3319:Population and housing censuses by country
3009:
2995:
2987:
2048:
2034:
2026:
1980:Energy: Economics, Politics, and Security
1804:
1185:Journal of International Security Affairs
946:
936:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
3042:Estimates of historical world population
1457:"Azerbaijan Halts Oil Exports To Russia"
837:Energy security and renewable technology
559:
470:
399:
379:is well advanced in its plans to become
87:
903:
130:among countries has led to significant
2668:Integrated gasification combined cycle
199:Reliance on foreign countries for oil
2712:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
2387:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
2011:United States Energy Security Council
1894:
1892:
1729:. Bright Hub Engineering. 15 Aug 2009
1607:
1605:
1243:"'Peak oil' enters mainstream debate"
1134:. Center for European Policy Analysis
872:International Risk Governance Council
550:UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement
425:. For example, all 31 members of the
99:displaying an "Energy Security" logo.
7:
3475:
2945:
1066:. Emeraldinsight.com. Archived from
3411:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
2969:
2854:World energy supply and consumption
852:Global strategic petroleum reserves
618:The deployment of renewable fuels:
291:, as well as due to the increasing
1527:"Ukraine gas row hits EU supplies"
1441:Standaert, Michael (24 Mar 2021).
1095:, Center for New American Security
917:Energy Research and Social Science
254:2007 Russia–Belarus energy dispute
25:
3303:Population and Development Review
744:Category:Energy policy by country
3487:
3486:
3474:
3351:Population concern organizations
3057:Projections of population growth
2968:
2956:
2944:
2933:
2932:
1831:. Swapp Agency. 19 October 2020.
962:
911:Overland, Indra (1 April 2016).
722:
708:
320:and a global economic slowdown.
34:
3452:Human impact on the environment
3386:Population Action International
1645:from the original on 2009-06-26
1488:from the original on 2009-03-04
1461:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1397:from the original on 2012-07-21
1253:from the original on 2009-05-03
1113:from the original on 2015-11-17
1039:from the original on 2016-01-19
882:Nationalization of oil supplies
297:peaking of world oil production
3401:United Nations Population Fund
764:Energy security of Afghanistan
691:Renewable Energy Market Update
293:consequences of climate change
1:
455:and need to curb demand, the
438:Russia-Belarus energy dispute
1969:Resources in other libraries
1884:10.1080/00207233.2010.492143
1797:10.1016/j.renene.2022.09.046
1682:Lessons of a Triple Disaster
421:and political impacts of an
415:strategic petroleum reserves
3426:World Population Foundation
3416:World Population Conference
3329:World population milestones
1900:International Energy Agency
1599:, accessed 25 December 2020
1515:10.1016/j.euras.2010.10.006
1507:Journal of Eurasian Studies
1416:International Energy Agency
1314:www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
1241:Porter, Adam (2005-06-10).
862:International Energy Agency
687:International Energy Agency
477:natural gas proven reserves
427:International Energy Agency
176:has claimed that for every
120:household energy insecurity
106:is the association between
3549:
3298:Population and Environment
2001:Journal of Energy Security
1035:. Event occurs at 27:50.
938:10.1016/j.erss.2016.01.009
867:International Energy Forum
611:
498:Russia-Ukraine gas dispute
383:by 2050 through deploying
3470:
3208:Human population planning
3032:Demographics of the world
2928:
2658:Fossil fuel power station
2320:Electric potential energy
2265:Thermodynamic temperature
2245:Thermodynamic free energy
2240:Thermodynamic equilibrium
2063:
1978:Deese, David A. (1979). "
1964:Resources in your library
1688:483, 123 (08 March 2012)
1295:January 31, 2007, at the
663:green house gas emissions
351:systems, and implemented
332:and the emergence of the
3213:Compulsory sterilization
2729:Concentrated solar power
2021:NATO and Energy Security
1829:"Greenhouses in Iceland"
1699:25 February 2014 at the
1308:Archives, The National.
774:U.S. Energy Independence
417:as a buffer against the
110:and the availability of
3155:Malthusian growth model
2270:Volume (thermodynamics)
2250:Thermodynamic potential
2153:Mass–energy equivalence
1310:"North Sea oil and gas"
1158:. CQ Researchers. 2009.
1091:Parthemore, C. (2010),
730:Renewable energy portal
491:, reliance on imported
451:Due to the theories in
408:according to OPEC, 2013
3282:Zero population growth
3277:Sustainable population
3201:Malthusian catastrophe
3160:Overshoot (population)
3037:Demographic transition
2225:Quantum thermodynamics
2215:Laws of thermodynamics
2096:Conservation of energy
1984:International Security
1420:"Oil Security Toolkit"
1172:. CQ Researcher. 2009.
977:Trakimavicius, Lukas.
573:
484:
457:United States military
409:
283:in countries such as
188:Threats to a nation's
100:
56:by rewriting it in an
3391:Population Connection
3255:Mere addition paradox
3094:Physiological density
2342:Interatomic potential
2133:Energy transformation
1842:Davis, Sarah (2008).
1611:European Commission,
1358:"IEA - 404 Not Found"
563:
479:, based on data from
474:
461:Department of Defense
403:
385:100% renewable energy
314:1973 Arab oil embargo
122:). Access to cheaper
91:
3421:World Population Day
3376:Church of Euthanasia
3265:Non-identity problem
3240:Political demography
3196:Human overpopulation
2790:Efficient energy use
2763:Airborne wind energy
2741:Solar thermal energy
2648:Electricity delivery
2260:Thermodynamic system
2205:Irreversible process
1716:, License: CC BY 4.0
887:Pro-nuclear movement
308:, precursors to the
3270:Reproductive rights
3101:Population dynamics
3052:Population momentum
2812:Energy conservation
2734:Photovoltaic system
2707:Nuclear power plant
2392:Quantum fluctuation
2255:Thermodynamic state
2230:Thermal equilibrium
1613:Secure gas supplies
929:2016ERSS...14..122O
827:Energy independence
759:Energy Security Act
391:Short-term security
353:energy conservation
264:, a scholar at the
97:F/A-18 Super Hornet
3523:Energy development
3396:Population Matters
3111:Population pyramid
3089:Population density
3084:Population decline
2849:Sustainable energy
2827:Energy development
2817:Energy consumption
2653:Energy engineering
1668:2009-06-26 at the
1370:on 5 November 2016
1276:2007-09-27 at the
667:these developments
645:petroleum products
574:
566:2007 Annual report
485:
481:The World Factbook
410:
381:energy independent
328:The impact of the
324:Long-term security
116:energy consumption
101:
58:encyclopedic style
45:is written like a
3533:National security
3500:
3499:
3371:7 Billion Actions
3245:Population ethics
3138:Carrying capacity
3047:Population growth
2984:
2983:
2751:Solar power tower
2397:Quantum potential
2235:Thermal reservoir
2138:Energy transition
1950:Library resources
1463:. 2 February 2012
892:Strategic reserve
877:National security
847:Energy superpower
359:began exploiting
281:industrialization
262:Anthony Cordesman
146:energy efficiency
112:natural resources
108:national security
86:
85:
78:
16:(Redirected from
3540:
3518:Energy economics
3490:
3489:
3478:
3477:
3447:Green Revolution
3228:Two-child policy
3223:One-child policy
3146:
3106:Population model
3062:World population
3011:
3004:
2997:
2988:
2972:
2971:
2960:
2948:
2947:
2936:
2935:
2910:Carbon footprint
2844:Renewable energy
2685:Hydroelectricity
2675:Geothermal power
2118:Energy condition
2050:
2043:
2036:
2027:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1896:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1853:. Archived from
1848:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1785:Renewable Energy
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1754:. Archived from
1753:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1679:
1673:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1639:"Cameco Uranium"
1635:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1595:European Union,
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1544:
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1446:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1389:Margaret Baker.
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1363:. Archived from
1362:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1305:
1299:
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1203:
1195:
1189:
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1180:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1160:
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1152:
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1142:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
983:Centrum Balticum
974:
968:
967:
966:
960:
950:
940:
908:
732:
727:
726:
718:
713:
712:
614:Renewable energy
608:Renewable energy
598:carbon emissions
270:Washington, D.C.
258:Strait of Hormuz
104:Energy security
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3513:Energy security
3503:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3466:
3430:
3364:
3362:
3355:
3307:
3286:
3235:Overconsumption
3218:Family planning
3175:
3169:
3142:
3126:
3123:
3115:
3077:
3074:
3066:
3020:
3015:
2985:
2980:
2924:
2920:Waste-to-energy
2898:
2834:Energy security
2780:
2774:
2630:
2622:
2601:Natural uranium
2535:
2516:Mechanical wave
2447:Energy carriers
2441:
2281:
2210:Isolated system
2088:
2082:
2059:
2054:
1997:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1958:
1957:
1955:Energy security
1953:
1946:
1944:Further reading
1941:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1902:(11 May 2022).
1898:
1897:
1890:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1860:on 25 June 2013
1857:
1846:
1841:
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1836:
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1746:
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1720:
1711:
1707:
1701:Wayback Machine
1694:10.1038/483123a
1680:
1676:
1670:Wayback Machine
1661:
1657:
1648:
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1637:
1636:
1632:
1624:UK Government,
1623:
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1297:Wayback Machine
1288:
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1278:Wayback Machine
1269:
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1114:
1109:. Aspi.org.au.
1105:
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1100:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1042:
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1027:Michael Ruppert
1025:
1024:
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1001:
1000:
996:
987:
985:
976:
975:
971:
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910:
909:
905:
901:
896:
857:High Speed Rail
817:Eco-nationalism
807:
778:
728:
721:
714:
707:
704:
697:
616:
610:
558:
469:
404:A map of world
398:
393:
330:1973 oil crisis
326:
190:energy security
174:Michael Ruppert
166:
132:vulnerabilities
128:energy supplies
118:(as opposed to
82:
71:
65:
62:
54:help improve it
51:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Energy Security
15:
12:
11:
5:
3546:
3544:
3536:
3535:
3530:
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3520:
3515:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3484:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3462:Sustainability
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3435:Related topics
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
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3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
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3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3326:
3324:Largest cities
3321:
3315:
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3147:
3144:I = P × A  × T
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2917:
2915:Jevons paradox
2912:
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2839:Energy storage
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2687:
2677:
2672:
2671:
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2665:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Electric power
2640:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2541:Primary energy
2537:
2536:
2534:
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2528:
2523:
2518:
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2500:
2499:
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2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2175:Entropic force
2172:
2165:Thermodynamics
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2114:
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2064:
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2055:
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2024:
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2018:
2013:
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1995:External links
1993:
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1393:. Agiweb.org.
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1338:United Nations
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1222:(6): 232–244.
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612:Main article:
609:
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535:European Union
520:organic matter
468:
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446:European Union
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357:United Kingdom
355:measures. The
325:
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250:Yom Kippur War
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3528:Energy policy
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3363:organizations
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3150:Kaya identity
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2889:South America
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2822:Energy policy
2820:
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2746:Solar furnace
2744:
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2742:
2739:
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2732:
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2727:
2726:
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2702:Nuclear power
2700:
2696:
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2628:Energy system
2625:
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2581:Gravitational
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2509:Hydrogen fuel
2507:
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2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:Gravitational
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
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2258:
2256:
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2251:
2248:
2246:
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2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Heat transfer
2198:
2196:
2195:Heat capacity
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Negative mass
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:Energy system
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1990:(3): 140–153.
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1806:11250/3033797
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1761:on 2009-03-18
1757:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
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1687:
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1678:
1675:
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1667:
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1614:
1608:
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1598:
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1574:
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1565:
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1528:
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1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1421:
1418:(July 2020).
1417:
1411:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1366:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1339:
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1315:
1311:
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1301:
1298:
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1248:
1244:
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1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1170:Global Issues
1165:
1162:
1157:
1156:Global Issues
1151:
1149:
1145:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1073:on 2009-03-27
1069:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
984:
980:
973:
970:
965:
958:
954:
949:
948:11250/2442076
944:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
904:
898:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Energy policy
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
809:
808:
804:
801:
799:
798:Oil Shockwave
796:
794:
793:Energy supply
791:
789:
786:
785:
780:
779:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
736:
735:
731:
725:
720:
717:
716:Energy portal
711:
706:
701:
699:
695:
692:
688:
683:
680:
675:
673:
668:
664:
659:
654:
648:
646:
642:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
620:
619:
615:
607:
605:
601:
599:
594:
592:
587:
583:
579:
578:nuclear power
572:Supply Agency
571:
567:
562:
556:Nuclear power
555:
553:
551:
548:The proposed
546:
543:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
494:
490:
482:
478:
475:Countries by
473:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
431:supply shocks
428:
424:
423:energy crisis
420:
416:
407:
402:
395:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
364:
362:
361:North Sea oil
358:
354:
350:
347:, high-speed
346:
345:nuclear power
342:
338:
335:
331:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:Group of Five
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
241:strike action
232:
231:
229:
224:
223:
221:
218:
215:
212:
207:
204:
201:
200:
198:
195:
194:
193:
191:
186:
184:
179:
175:
171:
163:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
137:
136:globalization
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
98:
95:
90:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
3479:
3291:Publications
3250:Antinatalism
3188:
3165:World3 model
3025:Major topics
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2833:
2719:Oil refinery
2663:Cogeneration
2596:Nuclear fuel
2402:Quintessence
2190:Free entropy
2123:Energy level
2087:Fundamental
1987:
1983:
1954:
1931:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1906:. Paris: IEA
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1855:the original
1850:
1837:
1823:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1763:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1721:
1708:
1685:
1677:
1658:
1647:. Retrieved
1633:
1620:
1591:
1580:. Retrieved
1576:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1554:. 2009-01-07
1551:
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1529:. 2006-01-01
1521:
1509:. 2. 74–85.
1501:
1490:. Retrieved
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1422:. Paris: IEA
1410:
1399:. Retrieved
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1365:the original
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:
1328:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:
1303:
1285:
1266:
1255:. Retrieved
1246:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1136:. Retrieved
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1086:
1075:. Retrieved
1068:the original
1055:
1047:
1041:. Retrieved
1031:
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
997:
986:. Retrieved
982:
972:
920:
916:
906:
788:Energy price
696:
690:
684:
678:
676:
671:
649:
640:
637:
617:
602:
595:
593:does exist.
591:peak uranium
576:Uranium for
575:
547:
544:
532:
528:Saudi Arabia
509:methanogenic
502:
487:Compared to
486:
450:
435:
411:
406:oil reserves
365:
349:mass transit
327:
316:, a rise in
278:
238:
189:
187:
167:
140:
103:
102:
72:
63:
44:
3174:Society and
3133:Biocapacity
2975:WikiProject
2795:Agriculture
2724:Solar power
2690:Tidal power
2564:Natural gas
2554:Fossil fuel
2497:Latent heat
2465:Electricity
1791:: 379–386.
1577:www.eia.gov
1374:29 December
923:: 122–130.
493:natural gas
467:Natural gas
341:natural gas
245:Hugo Chávez
178:kilocalorie
158:solar power
150:transitions
3507:Categories
3361:Events and
3176:population
3122:Population
3073:Population
3018:Population
2758:Wind power
2680:Hydropower
2631:components
2586:Hydropower
2576:Geothermal
2526:Sound wave
2437:Zero-point
2367:Mechanical
2352:Ionization
2325:Electrical
2220:Negentropy
2101:Energetics
1851:Cell Press
1765:2010-06-01
1649:2013-03-08
1582:2020-11-27
1558:2020-11-26
1533:2020-11-26
1492:2009-02-27
1467:2020-11-26
1401:2010-06-01
1343:2020-11-26
1319:2020-11-27
1257:2010-06-01
1138:2013-07-26
1117:2015-11-14
1077:2010-06-01
1043:2015-12-12
1012:2024-04-12
1007:www.ft.com
988:2023-07-26
899:References
679:increasing
672:insecurity
539:regulation
154:wind power
3457:Migration
3334:6 billion
2869:Australia
2805:Transport
2800:Computing
2768:Wind farm
2695:Wave farm
2569:Petroleum
2549:Bioenergy
2521:Radiation
2460:Capacitor
2382:Potential
1864:3 October
1815:0960-1481
957:2214-6296
810:Strategic
658:synthetic
513:anaerobic
500:in 2006.
489:petroleum
396:Petroleum
318:inflation
192:include:
183:petroleum
142:Renewable
94:U.S. Navy
66:July 2022
3492:Category
3260:Natalism
3183:Eugenics
2939:Category
2504:Hydrogen
2470:Enthalpy
2372:Negative
2362:Magnetic
2347:Internal
2305:Chemical
2170:Enthalpy
2089:concepts
1697:Archived
1666:Archived
1643:Archived
1486:Archived
1395:Archived
1293:Archived
1274:Archived
1251:Archived
1247:BBC News
1111:Archived
1037:Archived
1032:Collapse
1029:(2009).
803:Peak oil
781:Economic
702:See also
689:'s 2022
653:Biofuels
586:enriched
453:peak oil
419:economic
375:, while
170:Peak oil
3481:Commons
3124:ecology
3075:biology
2951:Commons
2779:Use and
2638:Biomass
2608:Radiant
2455:Battery
2427:Thermal
2422:Surface
2407:Radiant
2377:Phantom
2357:Kinetic
2335:Binding
2315:Elastic
2298:Nuclear
2293:Binding
2180:Entropy
2078:Outline
2068:History
1552:Reuters
1445:. Yale.
1228:1970698
925:Bibcode
737:By area
570:Euratom
568:of the
533:In the
505:methane
440:, when
377:Iceland
172:expert
164:Threats
52:Please
3191:genics
2963:Portal
2884:Mexico
2879:Europe
2874:Canada
2859:Africa
2782:supply
2591:Marine
2480:Fossil
2432:Vacuum
2185:Exergy
2106:Energy
2057:Energy
1952:about
1910:17 May
1813:
1733:7 June
1686:Nature
1426:16 May
1226:
955:
483:, 2014
442:Russia
337:cartel
301:French
274:Ghawar
124:energy
3312:Lists
2903:Misc.
2613:Solar
2417:Sound
2286:Types
2160:Power
2111:Units
2073:Index
1858:(PDF)
1847:(PDF)
1759:(PDF)
1752:(PDF)
1368:(PDF)
1361:(PDF)
1071:(PDF)
1064:(PDF)
582:mined
516:decay
369:India
289:China
285:India
2864:Asia
2618:Wind
2559:Coal
2531:Work
2492:Heat
2475:Fuel
2412:Rest
2310:Dark
2275:Work
2143:Mass
1912:2022
1866:2012
1811:ISSN
1735:2022
1428:2022
1376:2015
1224:SSRN
953:ISSN
685:The
584:and
526:and
459:and
373:OPEC
334:OPEC
287:and
156:and
148:and
114:for
3189:Dys
2485:Oil
1982:".
1880:doi
1801:hdl
1793:doi
1789:200
1690:doi
1511:doi
943:hdl
933:doi
641:and
580:is
518:of
268:in
3509::
1986:.
1891:^
1849:.
1809:.
1799:.
1787:.
1783:.
1684:;
1641:.
1604:^
1575:.
1550:.
1484:.
1459:.
1336:.
1312:.
1249:.
1245:.
1218:.
1147:^
1046:.
1005:.
981:.
951:.
941:.
931:.
921:14
919:.
915:.
674:.
530:.
524:US
448:.
387:.
343:,
310:G8
260:.
92:A
3344:8
3339:7
3010:e
3003:t
2996:v
2049:e
2042:t
2035:v
1988:4
1914:.
1886:.
1882::
1868:.
1817:.
1803::
1795::
1768:.
1737:.
1703:.
1692::
1672:.
1652:.
1585:.
1561:.
1536:.
1513::
1495:.
1470:.
1430:.
1404:.
1378:.
1346:.
1322:.
1260:.
1230:.
1220:2
1202:.
1187:.
1141:.
1120:.
1080:.
1015:.
991:.
959:.
945::
935::
927::
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
60:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
