1444:
192:
1248:
1147:
1125:
76:
5481:
760:
3536:
1005:
1026:, came online in August 2010. While nuclear power in the US costs a little over 10 cents per kilowatt hour, Iran, with domestic uranium enrichment capabilities, high interest rates, low energy output (a single 1,000-watt reactor), low efficiency, extremely slow reactor construction, and no reprocessing pays around 68 cents per kilowatt hour (this assumes a price of $ 140 per separative working unit and of $ 40 per kilogram of uranium).
891:
5109:
4600:
5469:
5324:
5175:
5119:
4610:
868:
631:
172:
5457:
1487:
5445:
35:
112:
1298:
303:
hydroelectricity accounted for 42 and 2 percent respectively. The region’s energy need will increase by 26.8 percent until 2012. In 2017, the fuel consumption in Iran was equivalent to 5.5 million barrels of fuel per day (bpd), the rate of which is considered as the highest energy consumption rate in the world in terms of energy intensity.
1116:
trending northeast-southwest and erupted at latest in the
Holocene. Caldera collapsing has caused a depression about 400 m in height and 12 km in diameter. The lava flows consists of trachyandesite, andesite and dacite and pyroclastic deposits. There are 9 hot springs with a temperature in the range of 25-85 °C.
1353:
that limited oil exports and impacted associated natural gas production, leading to increased domestic use and substitution with diesel and fuel oil in power generation. Additionally, condensate storage capacity constraints hindered non-associated natural gas production, prompting greater reliance on
1285:
and hydroelectric power are not focused on for the time being, but they are part of an overall strategy to meet electricity demands. The electricity sector is also heavily subsidized and mostly state owned companies control power distribution, transmission and generation. In order to meet the demands
922:
and war plaguing the region. Iran’s oil fields have a natural decline rate at 8 percent for onshore wells and 10% for offshore fields. The
Iranian recovery rate is currently approximately 27 percent, which is well below the world average. Iran needs structural improvements made to coincide with their
1115:
Depression and two in the north of Iran, part of the
Caucasian Range. Mt. Sabalan and Mt. Sahand are two Quaternary Volcanos in the area. Sabalan is a large stratovolcano consisting of 3 summits named Soltan (4811), Heram (4612m) and Kasra (4573m). The stratovolcano is situated on a possible horst
1381:
In 2021, Iran's electricity generation was primarily sourced from natural gas, accounting for 81% of total production. Oil contributed 14%, followed by hydropower at 4%, and nuclear power at 1%. Both coal and non-hydro renewable sources each made up less than 1% of the electricity generation mix.
1164:<divborder:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;<divborder:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1589.4544843865px; border-left-color:green": -->
244:
and the need for technological advances in energy exploration and production. Energy wastage in Iran amounts to six or seven billion dollars (2008). The energy consumption in the country is extraordinarily higher than international standards. Iran paid $ 84 billion in subsidies for oil, gas and
2274:
1263:
plants. As of 2023 a quarter of electricity is generated from oil and most of the rest is gas-fired. In recent years, Iran has put greater emphasis on participation of domestic and foreign investors in electricity generation sector, with projects underway to add 40,000 MWh more capacity to the
1048:
In 2016, the
Iranian Biofuel Society (IBS) in collaboration with the Vice Presidency for Science of Technology and Tehran and the Suburbs Bus Company executed the first urban pilot project for the consumption of waste cooking oil biodiesel in Tehran`s bus fleet in an attempt to generate public
302:
Energy generation capacity of
Iranian thermal power plants reached 173 terawatt hours in 2007, accounting for 17.9 percent of energy production in the Middle East and African region. Natural gas has been the main energy in Iran in 2007, comprising over 55 percent of energy needs, while oil and
1293:
Iran has displayed a new approach to this sector. After the 1979 Islamic
Revolution, the construction of hydroelectric power plants became both a popular private and public venture. Often, construction projects did not meet basic environmental standards, engineering standards, and technical
199:
Iran possesses significant energy reserves, holding the position of the world's third-largest in proved oil reserves and the second-largest in natural gas reserves as of 2021. At the conclusion of the same year, Iran's share comprised 24% of the oil reserves in the Middle East and 12% of the
1393:, population growth, highly subsidized electricity prices, and fuel supply shortages. This increase in demand has been particularly acute during the peak seasons of summer and winter, putting significant strain on the nation's electrical infrastructure. As a result, Iran encountered notable
918:. However, domestic oil consumption has decreased due to the alternative use of natural gas. Economic growth from these resources is uncertain and stunted in Iran due to these subsidies and population growth. Iran has been unable to reach it full production levels due to a combination of
679:
In 2021, Iran ranked as the world's fourth-largest consumer of natural gas, behind the United States, Russia, and China. A significant share of its natural gas production is utilized domestically in various sectors. Over the last ten years, consumption of natural gas in Iran has risen by
1276:
technology (2009). Iran has achieved the technical expertise to set up hydroelectric, gas and combined cycle power plants. Iran is not only self-sufficient in power plant construction but has also concluded a number of contracts on implementing projects in neighboring states.
1369:
alone. Iran is also experimenting with electricity generation from organic wastes and plans to build power plants using sewage and organic waste of domestic and industrial origin as fuel. With about 300 clear sunny days a year and an average of 2,200 kilowatt-hour
879:. By contrast, fuel imports rose to 180,000 barrels per day (29,000 m/d) in January 2005 from 30,000 barrels per day (4,800 m/d) in 2000, and petrol consumption is estimated to have been around 1,800,000 barrels per day (290,000 m/d) in 2007 (before
1348:
In 2021, Iran produced 341 terawatt-hours (TWh) of net electricity, 94% of which came from fossil fuels. Natural gas was the primary source, accounting for about 81% of electricity generation. Oil’s contribution rose from 9% in 2018 to 14% in 2021, driven by
680:
approximately 50%, influenced by a range of factors. These include heavily subsidized prices, an extensive distribution network, enhanced domestic production, and government initiatives aimed at replacing oil with natural gas in residential, commercial, and
2281:
883:), of which about one-third is imported. These imports are proving expensive, costing the government about US$ 4bn in the first nine months of 2007/08, according to parliamentary sources. Nearly 40% of refined oil consumed by Iran is imported from
1271:
with a capacity of 160 megawatts. Iran has acquired self-sufficiency of over 80 percent in constructing hydraulic turbines and over 90 percent in producing gas turbines. Within the next few years, Iran can join the list of countries that produce
1280:
The exploration efforts for sources of power generation are wide and diverse in Iran. Plans are being made to make oil efficient power plants as well as an emphasis on natural gas production in order to meet their growing electricity demand.
792:
has been a major oil-exporting country. Oil industry output averaged 4 million barrels (640,000 m) per day in 2005, compared with the peak output of 6 million barrels per day (950,000 m/d) reached in 1974. Following the 1979
843:
There is a growing recognition that prices must rise faster to curb consumption and ease the burden on the public finances. Cheap energy has encouraged wasteful consumption in Iran, and a brisk business in smuggling petrol into
650:
reserves were believed to remain untapped. About 62% of these reserves are located in non-associated fields. Iranian production of natural gas is expected to increase over the next few years due to continuing discoveries in the
672: cu ft (100 km) in the year of 2005. Domestic consumption is expected to go up at about 7% per year for the following decade. The Iranian government has also subsidized natural gas prices along with
3931:
4646:
1589:
1060:
to the atmosphere” and “minimizing anthropogenic disturbances of” atmospheric gasses by partial replacement of fossil fuels with waste-oriented biofuels. The program was also supported by Small Grant
Programme,
1102:
In 2020 there were just over 300 MW of wind power, less than 1% of installed capacity. The east is suitable to build more, and wind there matches annual demand variation, being higher in spring and summer.
3357:
2507:
676:
prices, and this is expected to sustain this high level of domestic consumption. In lieu of this increasing domestic demand, natural gas exports are expected to decrease in the following years.
288:. With its heavy dependence on oil and gas revenues Iran continues to explore for new sources of natural gas and oil. Recently Iran has focused its energy sector on the exploration of the
797:, however, the government reduced daily oil production in accordance with an oil conservation policy. Further production declines occurred as result of damage to oil facilities during the
4671:
4655:
4639:
3605:
1267:
It is estimated that some 18.5 percent of electricity generated in Iran are wasted before it reaches consumers due to technical problems. Iran is among the top ten manufacturers of
876:
1443:
284:(GECF). Iran received $ 47 billion in oil export revenues, which accounts for about 50% of state revenues. Natural gas and oil consumption both account for about half of Iran’s
2140:
1111:
According to global tectonics Iran is impacted by subduction of the
Arabian Plate under the Central Iranian Plate and four thrust faults: two that make the Southern Caspian Sea
299:
Iran has become self-sufficient in designing, building and operating dams and power plants and it has won a good number of international bids in competition with foreign firms.
4632:
3828:
265:
three times higher than global average and 2.5 times the middle eastern average. Half of the country’s energy is wasted in domestic sector, 3.4 of which is wasted through
246:
203:
In 2020, the Total Energy Supply (TES) in Iran was primarily sourced from oil and gas, with gas being the predominant contributor at 69% and oil at 29%. Nuclear power and
1974:
914:
border. The
Iranian government is heavily reliant on oil revenues and they have heavily subsidized the energy industries, which figures out to be about 12% of Iran’s
801:. In the early 2000s, industry infrastructure was increasingly inefficient because of technological lags. Few exploratory wells were drilled in 2005. Iranian oil was
646:
or heat production. It contains an estimated 1,187.3 trillion cubic feet (33,620 km) (Tcf) in proven natural gas reserves. In 2005 a large share of Iran’s
2701:
2634:
3656:
1290:
has been passed allowing the energy ministry to conclude rial or combined rial/foreign-currency contracts for the purchase of electricity from private companies.
1154:
is 6.5 times that of global average. It is estimated that 18.5% of electricity generated in Iran is wasted before it reaches consumers due to technical problems.
3880:
2095:
5306:
5155:
4869:
2482:
1996:
1985:
1540:
802:
1397:
in 2020 and 2021. During the summer of 2021, the situation intensified when electricity demand exceeded the available supply by nearly 12 gigawatts (GW).
1018:
Iran plans to generate 23,000 MW of electricity through nuclear technology to meet its increasing demand for energy. The first of four 915 MW reactors of
3833:
3577:
3065:
2171:
2126:
1840:
1800:
1545:
3380:
2511:
3168:
1613:
133:
120:
3986:
3413:
2018:
2007:
4514:
4201:
3756:
3267:
1638:
4980:
4829:
4816:
2429:
750:
3327:
5027:
1941:
3192:
2029:
1906:
5112:
5053:
5048:
4239:
4168:
3595:
2651:
1218:
3336:
3023:
2868:
2556:
4894:
4784:
4196:
4178:
3845:
2581:
1133:
1035:
5268:
4489:
4031:
3926:
3719:
3490:
3480:
2147:
995:
2051:
2040:
3884:
3860:
3671:
3089:
1386:
1287:
864:
has developed strongly (albeit from a low base) with output reaching over 1m vehicles in fiscal year 2006/07 (March 21 – March 20).
158:
62:
3140:
3040:
2199:
1775:
4565:
2995:
2969:
2826:
2808:
1879:
1815:
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1255:
Iran’s domestic consumption and production have steadily grown together since 1984 and it is still heavily reliant on traditional
5234:
4706:
4534:
3681:
3351:
1358:
and expanding capacity to reduce hydropower dependency, improve generation efficiency, and increase oil availability for export.
229:
5417:
5299:
5148:
5058:
4724:
3948:
1054:
978:
as of 2009, 1/3 of Iran's gasoline needs are imported because of insufficient domestic refining capacity, over-consumption and
895:
746:
48:
3535:
1040:
Droughts have reduced hydropower. The Energy
Ministry plans to improve existing plants and build more small and medium hydro.
5383:
5012:
4884:
4759:
4729:
4701:
4107:
3638:
3633:
3433:
3115:
2305:
1520:
1490:
As a further drive toward diversification of energy sources, Iran has established wind farms in several areas, this one near
1214:
1137:
769:
Iran has the second largest oil reserves in the world, and the third largest exporter of it. By the end of 2009, Iranian oil
270:
3666:
1971:
4575:
191:
5402:
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5043:
4879:
4779:
4754:
3818:
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1854:
1481:
1406:
1062:
833:
742:
241:
5435:
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5017:
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4133:
3995:
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3855:
3744:
3567:
3562:
3485:
3475:
3406:
2184:
1431:
1238:
1196:
1186:
1176:
806:
770:
732:
621:
615:
4975:
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4940:
4935:
4930:
4864:
4854:
4844:
4839:
4824:
4799:
4696:
4691:
4324:
3734:
3628:
3448:
3331:
2058:
1019:
861:
330:
285:
258:
204:
5387:
3701:
1325:-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts (MW). Of that amount, about 75 percent was based on
5391:
820:
10 m) of oil reserves at the end of 2009. Oil also is found in northern Iran and in the offshore waters of the
5292:
5141:
5084:
5063:
5022:
5007:
4970:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4914:
4899:
4859:
4849:
4789:
4739:
4734:
4663:
3724:
3505:
3438:
1422:
in its economy, pollution and very lucrative contraband with neighboring countries because of price differentials.
999:
728:
221:
3979:
1663:
906:
Iran contains 27 onshore and 13 offshore oil-producing fields, largely concentrated in the southwestern
860:. Demand has also been supported by rapid increases in car production in recent years. In the absence of imports,
125:
5323:
5174:
5164:
5089:
4909:
4889:
4874:
4769:
4749:
4744:
4686:
4676:
4434:
3870:
3521:
3299:
2102:
1525:
1306:
1141:
4570:
3371:
2486:
1993:
1982:
1501:
Iran plans to introduce 10,000 megawatts of renewable electricity into the electricity grid by the end of 2025.
4716:
4529:
4256:
4232:
3953:
3792:
1057:
266:
5373:
5333:
5238:
3242:
2720:"Assessment of wind energy potential and economic evaluation of four wind turbine models for the east of Iran"
1714:
5368:
5358:
5338:
5242:
4539:
3964:
5501:
5473:
5422:
5412:
5407:
5397:
5363:
5343:
5122:
4173:
3972:
3751:
3399:
2885:
2361:
1530:
1350:
991:
5378:
4085:
3696:
5253:
4484:
4449:
4404:
4013:
3921:
3813:
1419:
643:
2718:
Mohamadi, Hossein; Saeedi, Alireza; Firoozi, Zahra; Sepasi Zangabadi, Saeid; Veisi, Shahla (2021-06-01).
2015:
5353:
5348:
4965:
4524:
4374:
4369:
4264:
4206:
3889:
3676:
3362:
2004:
1390:
1256:
924:
606:
Primary energy supply is around two thirds gas and one third oil, with tiny amounts from other sources.
326:
225:
4073:
3169:"Value of fossil-fuel subsidies by fuel in the top 25 countries, 2019 – Charts – Data & Statistics"
1247:
1146:
2785:
1436:
Air pollution, much of which is from fossil fuels, is estimated to cause nearly 3000 deaths a year in
4494:
4469:
4384:
4364:
4314:
4284:
4274:
4183:
3495:
3340:
3312:
2731:
1389:(EIA) report, Iran has experienced escalating electricity demand driven by factors including illegal
1355:
736:
625:
3386:
3321:
3287:
2532:
2433:
4580:
4554:
4459:
4454:
4334:
4225:
4025:
3943:
3544:
3346:
1334:
943:
1,755,000 bbl/d (279,000 m/d) (2008 est.) (expected to increase 10% each year since 2006)
54:
5118:
4609:
1361:
It has been estimated that Iran has the potential to produce at least 6,150 MWh of electricity by
5485:
4474:
4429:
4409:
4399:
4299:
4163:
4128:
4100:
3774:
3661:
3648:
2026:
1535:
1515:
1354:
alternative fuels. In response, Iran is upgrading its older natural gas plants to more efficient
1210:
1097:
1074:
919:
794:
211:
1294:
requirements. As a result, many of these dams were destroyed or left in dilapidated conditions.
798:
3020:
2865:
5224:
5184:
4499:
4414:
4394:
4279:
4269:
4153:
4037:
4019:
3909:
3894:
3850:
3453:
3059:
2942:
2767:
2749:
2165:
2120:
1937:
1834:
1794:
1418:
Iran is the world largest energy subsidizer, leading to highly wasteful consumption patterns,
1124:
759:
319:
5480:
5263:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5189:
4834:
4624:
4544:
4479:
4444:
4379:
4359:
4349:
4309:
4294:
4289:
4158:
4138:
4067:
4049:
3938:
3691:
3600:
3217:
3079:
International Journal of Water Resources Development; Mar2002, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p179-182, 4p
2757:
2739:
1342:
1260:
1206:
307:
262:
1756:
1004:
245:
electricity in 2008. Iran is one of the most energy-intensive countries of the world, with
5273:
5258:
5248:
5194:
4585:
4504:
4464:
4439:
4419:
4354:
4329:
4319:
4304:
4148:
4143:
4061:
4055:
3443:
3375:
3303:
3027:
2955:
2872:
2830:
2203:
2055:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2022:
2011:
2000:
1992:+ 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria,
1989:
1978:
1510:
1371:
1081:
890:
3093:
2842:
2408:
2250:
2223:
1565:
1317:
By 2004, the addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional
240:
Iran is in a constant battle to use its energy resources more effectively in the face of
3144:
3044:
2735:
2196:
1779:
1617:
89:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2999:
2973:
2927:
2823:
2762:
2719:
1883:
1819:
1691:
1412:
1394:
1286:
of the electricity sector, however, Iran is beginning to look into private investment.
1155:
681:
254:
2391:
1957:
5495:
5461:
4603:
4093:
3711:
3615:
1639:"Air Pollution In Iran Reaches Dangerous Levels As Dirty Fuel Is Used In Powerplants"
1282:
837:
17:
5284:
3865:
3587:
1375:
1366:
836:. Iran is one of the largest gasoline consumers in the world ranking second behind
821:
813:
774:
293:
214:; due to the nation's closeness to the equator, 90% of its land area could provide
176:
3119:
2744:
171:
1931:
1736:"Iran domestic energy consumption equivalent to EU industries - Mehr News Agency"
1309:
in Iran was commissioned in 2005. Iran has emerged as one of the world's largest
875:
The growth in consumption of domestically produced oil has been modest, owing to
5468:
5449:
4613:
3914:
3808:
3572:
3116:"مطالعه امکان سنجی و طراحی مفهومی نیروگاه بیوگاز ساوه سازمان انرژی های نو ایران"
2479:
1486:
1326:
1302:
1273:
1268:
1085:
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311:
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180:
2676:
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630:
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1112:
1012:
979:
829:
656:
652:
642:(5.1% of the world's total and 184 BCM); which is primarily used for domestic
289:
261:, Iran is one of the most energy inefficient countries of the world, with the
3268:"Iran Achieves Significant 1,085 MW Renewable Power Plant Capacity Milestone"
2753:
1084:
per square meter annually, and 90% of the country has enough sun to generate
5456:
5133:
3463:
1735:
907:
880:
754:
2771:
111:
1077:. This is tiny compared to electricity demand and neighbouring countries.
3623:
3557:
3090:"Study on feasibility of establishing a wave power-plant in Persian Gulf"
2430:"Iran Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis - Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal"
853:
825:
778:
773:
was 89.4 years which is the world's highest. By 2009, Iran had 52 active
673:
2508:"Iran's nuclear program may have cost the country $ 500 billion or more"
3784:
2606:
1491:
1297:
1259:
energy sources of electricity, with a small fraction being produced by
2582:"Energy Ministry to implement program for improving hydropower plants"
1345:
plants, and the first solar thermal plant was to come online in 2009.
3368:
2071:
1498:
In 2022 less than 1% of electricity was generated by solar and wind.
1437:
1023:
849:
2652:"Over €500m being invested to build 2 solar farms in Fars province"
1065:, United Nation Development Program (SGP/GEF/UNDP) Office in Iran.
3899:
3838:
3729:
3296:
2607:"تفاهم نامه استفاده از سوخت های زیستی در اتوبوسرانی تهران امضا شد"
1485:
1442:
1296:
1246:
1145:
1008:
1003:
889:
884:
866:
785:
758:
629:
250:
190:
170:
4217:
3391:
3369:
Ahmadinejad's Gas Revolution: A Plan to Defeat Economic Sanctions
1907:"Petrol World - Iran: Mobile App For Online Fuel Purchase Launch"
4116:
3500:
2909:
2557:"Replacing worn-out equipment to reduce electricity consumption"
1338:
1318:
1228:
1151:
911:
845:
789:
281:
277:
184:
5288:
5137:
4628:
4221:
4089:
3968:
3395:
187:'s second largest exporter and the world's fourth oil producer.
3297:
Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Organization Of Iran
2843:"International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
2392:
Does US road to better relations with Iran pass through India?
2224:"International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
1566:"International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
1330:
1322:
1310:
915:
899:
322:
and was on its way to become a military-political superpower.
105:
69:
28:
816:
and that figures out to be about 137.6 billion barrels (2.188
210:
Iran also has the ability to generate significant power from
3193:"Iran's capital suffocating amid blame game over pollution"
2620:
1933:
The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower
1073:
In 2021 there were 450 MW of solar power, less than 1% of
593:
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated
316:
The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower
1757:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4688984.stm
1374:
per square meter, Iran has significant potential to tap
280:(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) and the
3343:, including statistics about the energy sector in Iran.
3021:
Iran-Daily:Hydroelectric Power Generation Will Increase
634:
Iran's gas production, domestic consumption and exports
3606:
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company
2369:
Development Economics, Development Data Group (DECDG).
971: m) based on Iranian claims (1 January 2009 est.)
589:
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses
5433:
3358:
Energy Security Implications of an Iran in Transition
871:
Iran oil production, domestic consumption and exports
2928:
http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3374/html/economy.htm
1471:(2005 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent): 2,352 (2007)
1447:
Iran is one of the largest CO2 polluters per person.
824:. Nevertheless, in 2005 Iran spent US$ 4 billion on
5072:
5036:
5000:
4923:
4815:
4808:
4715:
4662:
4553:
4513:
4255:
3801:
3783:
3765:
3710:
3647:
3614:
3586:
3543:
3514:
3462:
949:
2,377,000 bbl/d (377,900 m/d) (2010 est.)
937:
3,589,000 bbl/d (570,600 m/d) (2012 est.)
2910:"Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business"
662:Domestic consumption has matched production at 3.6
195:Total primary consumption in Iran, by fuel (2015).
4117:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
2886:"Iran Brings More Natural Gas-Fired Units Online"
1769:
1767:
1765:
3313:Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance Of Iran
955:156,000 bbl/d (24,800 m/d) (2010 est.)
3365:- Iran's Electric Power Generation Organization
3322:Ministry of Industry, Mine & Trade Of Iran
1411:Iran was estimated to have paid 19% of GDP for
318:argued that Iran had attained the status of an
3824:DESA - Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company
2245:
2243:
1169:Electricity generation by fuel in Iran - 2021
832:and inefficient domestic use that result from
5300:
5149:
4640:
4233:
4101:
3980:
3407:
2061:October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
1597:International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
1590:"Energy Profile - Iran (Islamic Republic of)"
8:
1469:Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
812:Iran held 10.3% of the world's total proven
3141:"Solar Power Plants To Replace Fossil Fuel"
1970:IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics
1614:"Solar Power Plants To Replace Fossil Fuel"
1608:
1606:
1541:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
1080:Iran has an average of 2,200 kilowatt-hour
207:each accounted for 1% of the nation's TES.
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5307:
5293:
5285:
5156:
5142:
5134:
4812:
4647:
4633:
4625:
4240:
4226:
4218:
4108:
4094:
4086:
3987:
3973:
3965:
3578:South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field
3468:
3414:
3400:
3392:
2996:"Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 08/16/09"
2972:. Iran Daily. May 18, 2009. Archived from
1880:"Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 11/26/08"
1688:"Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 04/27/08"
1546:List of renewable energy topics by country
788:from which to generate energy. Since 1913
4656:Renewable energy by country and territory
2761:
2743:
2269:
2267:
1337:. However, in 2004 Iran opened its first
718:33.61 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
159:Learn how and when to remove this message
3197:Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East
2824:Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 02/01/07
2681:Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington
1123:
335:
136:of all important aspects of the article.
5440:
4202:OPEC Fund for International Development
2819:
2817:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2275:"BP Statistical Review of World Energy"
1855:"Iran to build power plants in Ecuador"
1557:
1053:, wherein they recommend “reducing net
282:Organization of Gas Exporting Countries
3064:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3057:
2951:
2940:
2170:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2163:
2125:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2118:
1839:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1832:
1799:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1792:
1387:U.S. Energy Information Administration
805:and thus is owned and operated by the
751:National Iranian Petrochemical Company
638:Iran is the world's third producer of
276:Iran is one of the leading members of
132:Please consider expanding the lead to
3163:
3161:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
1128:Iran electricity production by source
175:Iran holds 10% of the world's proven
7:
3381:IAEA: Energy and electricity in Iran
3352:Brief Sector & Environment Study
2809:Iran daily:Energy Wastage Criticized
1755:BBC News, “Iran Energy: Overview”,
1715:"Sanctions And Iran's Achilles Heel"
3143:. Zawya. 2010-12-20. Archived from
2533:"Iran's Renewable Energy Potential"
2483:"Power Reactor Details - BUSHEHR 1"
1616:. Zawya. 2010-12-20. Archived from
1134:List of reservoirs and dams in Iran
1036:List of dams and reservoirs in Iran
292:offshore natural gas fields in the
3927:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
3491:Iranian Central Oil Fields Company
3481:National Iranian South Oil Company
2970:"Gas Turbine Production Promising"
1664:"Documents sent to UNFCCC by Iran"
1158:wastage hit $ 1.1 billion in 2006.
996:Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
306:Energy plays an important role in
25:
3639:Special industrial economic zones
2409:"CIA - The World Factbook - Iran"
44:This article has multiple issues.
5479:
5467:
5455:
5443:
5322:
5315:Energy policy of the Middle East
5173:
5117:
5108:
5107:
4672:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4608:
4599:
4598:
3534:
3243:"Global Electricity Review 2023"
3218:"The Carbon Brief Profile: Iran"
2621:"UNDP-GEF Small Grant Programme"
2072:"Iran - Countries & Regions"
110:
74:
33:
3949:National Iranian Tanker Company
2884:Proctor, Darrell (2023-02-12).
1983:2014 (2012R as in November 2015
1713:Taghizadeh, Reza (2010-06-10).
747:2007 Gas Rationing Plan in Iran
218:for at least 300 days a year.
124:may be too short to adequately
52:or discuss these issues on the
4566:British Indian Ocean Territory
3634:National Petrochemical Company
3347:US Department of Energy - Iran
3092:. Civilica.com. Archived from
1521:International rankings of Iran
1138:List of power stations in Iran
712:10.59 billion cu m (2011 est.)
700:144.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)
694:151.8 billion cu m (2011 est.)
134:provide an accessible overview
1:
3998:and primary energy 2008 (TWh)
3553:Gas Exporting Countries Forum
3118:. Suna.org.ir. Archived from
2745:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07234
2432:. Eia.doe.gov. Archived from
2396:The Christian Science Monitor
1857:. Payvand.com. Archived from
1738:. En.mehrnews.com. 2014-03-01
1482:Iranian targeted subsidy plan
1407:Iranian targeted subsidy plan
1063:Global Environmental Facility
743:Ministry of Petroleum of Iran
706:9.05 billion cu m (2011 est.)
247:per capita energy consumption
3996:Energy in the OPEC countries
3657:Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran
3624:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
3596:2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan
3563:National Iranian Gas Company
3486:Iranian Offshore Oil Company
3476:National Iranian Oil Company
3449:Energy subsidies reform plan
2330:"Green Party of Iran - News"
2185:National Iranian Gas Company
1432:Environmental issues in Iran
807:National Iranian Oil Company
733:National Iranian Oil Company
622:National Iranian Gas Company
616:Natural gas reserves in Iran
4197:List of secretaries general
3332:International Energy Agency
3038:EIA, “Iran’s Energy Data”,
2829:September 30, 2007, at the
2791:. www.geothermal-energy.org
2677:"Low-Carbon Energy in Iran"
2510:. July 2015. Archived from
1773:EIA, “Iran’s Energy Data”,
1463:GDP per unit of energy use:
1020:Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant
828:imports, mainly because of
763:Top oil-producing countries
331:Iranian subsidy reform plan
286:domestic energy consumption
5518:
5165:Energy in the Middle East
3720:Atomic Energy Organization
3288:Ministry of Energy Of Iran
2485:. Iaea.org. Archived from
2457:. Irvl.net. Archived from
1479:
1429:
1404:
1131:
1095:
1033:
1000:Nuclear facilities in Iran
989:
740:
729:Petroleum industry in Iran
726:
619:
613:
273:' energy are also wasted.
5329:
5320:
5180:
5171:
5103:
4594:
4192:
4124:
4003:
3885:National Development Fund
3861:Foreign direct investment
3532:
3522:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
3471:
3429:
3070:, Retrieved April 2, 2008
3026:October 12, 2008, at the
2871:October 12, 2008, at the
2455:"Iran and Nuclear Energy"
1526:Ministry of Energy (Iran)
1313:builders in recent years.
1307:hydroelectric power plant
1142:Ministry of Energy (Iran)
765:(million barrels per day)
587:
83:This article needs to be
4315:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3954:Jey Oil Refining Company
3793:Jey Oil Refining Company
2866:retrieved April 2, 2008.
2811:Retrieved April 15, 2009
1459:11.9 tonnes (2015 est.)
840:in consumption per car.
784:Iran possesses abundant
329:in conjunction with the
325:Iran plans to create an
267:single-occupancy vehicle
230:greenhouse gas emissions
4576:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1531:Oil megaprojects (2011)
1351:international sanctions
1022:, built with help from
992:Nuclear program of Iran
898:map of countries where
3881:Oil Stabilization Fund
3814:Climate change in Iran
1495:
1448:
1365:from its coastline on
1314:
1252:
1159:
1150:Energy consumption in
1129:
1015:
961:154.6 Gbbl (24.58
903:
872:
766:
644:electricity generation
635:
602:Primary energy sources
196:
188:
4207:OPEC Reference Basket
4169:Republic of the Congo
3876:Ministry of Petroleum
3819:Construction industry
3387:Solar insolation maps
2702:"Iran energy profile"
2635:"Iran energy profile"
2537:Middle East Institute
2253:. Cia.gov. 2021-04-27
1489:
1457:emissions per capita:
1446:
1391:cryptocurrency mining
1356:combined-cycle plants
1300:
1250:
1149:
1127:
1051:Global Climate Change
1007:
925:enhanced oil recovery
893:
870:
762:
633:
327:energy saving company
269:use and 2/3 parts of
259:huge energy subsidies
253:and 10 times that of
194:
174:
18:Energy policy of Iran
5418:United Arab Emirates
5269:United Arab Emirates
4490:United Arab Emirates
4179:United Arab Emirates
4032:United Arab Emirates
3856:Environmental issues
3568:Natural gas reserves
3341:Central Bank of Iran
3270:. 13 September 2023.
1936:. Crown Publishers.
1930:Robert Baer (2008).
1385:According to a 2022
1049:awareness regarding
877:refining constraints
803:nationalized in 1953
777:and 1,853 producing
737:Oil reserves in Iran
626:South Pars Gas Field
224:is a major cause of
4517:limited recognition
3944:Naftiran Intertrade
3846:Dams and reservoirs
3328:Iran Energy Profile
2736:2021Heliy...707234M
2609:. 26 December 2015.
1911:www.petrolworld.com
1886:on December 4, 2008
1335:hydroelectric power
1333:, and 7 percent on
1251:Shazand power plant
338:
212:renewable resources
3871:Ministry of Energy
3506:Petroleum industry
3439:Petroleum industry
3374:2020-11-30 at the
3324:– Official Website
3315:- Official Website
3306:- Official Website
3302:2012-03-01 at the
3290:- Official Website
3002:on August 19, 2009
2362:"Iran at a glance"
2202:2009-04-02 at the
2197:Iran’s Energy Data
2054:2009-10-12 at the
2043:2013-10-07 at the
2032:2010-10-11 at the
2021:2011-10-27 at the
2010:2013-03-09 at the
1999:2014-09-02 at the
1988:2015-04-05 at the
1977:2016-03-04 at the
1643:Iran International
1536:Wind power in Iran
1516:Energy development
1496:
1449:
1315:
1253:
1160:
1130:
1098:Wind power in Iran
1075:installed capacity
1016:
904:
873:
767:
636:
336:
197:
189:
5431:
5430:
5282:
5281:
5131:
5130:
4996:
4995:
4622:
4621:
4559:other territories
4215:
4214:
4134:Equatorial Guinea
4083:
4082:
3962:
3961:
3910:Machine Sazi Arak
3851:Energy superpower
3530:
3529:
3339:- Reports by the
3199:. 12 January 2021
2950:Missing or empty
2332:. Iran-e-sabz.org
1958:"دسترسی غیر مجاز"
1943:978-0-307-40864-8
1420:price distortions
1088:300 days a year.
599:
598:
594:
590:
320:energy superpower
314:in his 2008 book
249:15 times that of
205:renewable sources
200:worldwide total.
169:
168:
161:
151:
150:
104:
103:
67:
16:(Redirected from
5509:
5484:
5483:
5474:Renewable energy
5472:
5471:
5460:
5459:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5439:
5326:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5286:
5177:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5135:
5121:
5111:
5110:
5054:French Polynesia
4813:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4626:
4612:
4602:
4601:
4571:Christmas Island
4257:Sovereign states
4242:
4235:
4228:
4219:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4087:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3966:
3939:Strait of Hormuz
3538:
3469:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3393:
3320:
3311:
3295:
3286:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3043:. Archived from
3036:
3030:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2998:. Archived from
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2881:
2875:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2839:
2833:
2821:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2747:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2399:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2366:
2358:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2280:. Archived from
2279:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2220:
2207:
2193:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2146:. Archived from
2145:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2101:. Archived from
2100:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2068:
2062:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1882:. Archived from
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1818:. Archived from
1812:
1806:
1805:, April 1, 2008.
1804:
1798:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1778:. Archived from
1771:
1760:
1759:, April 1, 2008.
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1694:on June 12, 2008
1690:. Archived from
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1562:
1476:Renewable energy
1413:energy subsidies
1329:, 18 percent on
1236:
1226:
1205: non-hydro
1204:
1194:
1184:
1174:
967:
966:
959:proved reserves:
910:region near the
862:the car industry
819:
716:proved reserves:
668:
667:
592:
588:
339:
308:Iranian politics
263:energy intensity
164:
157:
146:
143:
137:
114:
106:
99:
96:
90:
78:
77:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5478:
5466:
5454:
5444:
5442:
5434:
5432:
5427:
5327:
5316:
5313:
5283:
5278:
5178:
5167:
5162:
5132:
5127:
5099:
5068:
5032:
4992:
4919:
4804:
4711:
4658:
4653:
4623:
4618:
4590:
4558:
4549:
4530:Northern Cyprus
4516:
4509:
4251:
4249:Energy in Asia
4246:
4216:
4211:
4188:
4120:
4114:
4084:
4079:
3999:
3993:
3963:
3958:
3932:U.S. withdrawal
3834:Khatam al-Anbia
3797:
3779:
3761:
3752:Nuclear program
3706:
3687:Korpeje–Kordkuy
3672:Iran–Iraq–Syria
3643:
3610:
3582:
3539:
3526:
3510:
3458:
3425:
3420:
3376:Wayback Machine
3318:
3309:
3304:Wayback Machine
3293:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3252:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3177:
3175:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3123:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3041:"Archived copy"
3039:
3037:
3033:
3028:Wayback Machine
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2976:on May 21, 2009
2968:
2967:
2963:
2949:
2939:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2873:Wayback Machine
2864:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2831:Wayback Machine
2822:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2490:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2398:, July 18, 2009
2390:
2386:
2378:
2376:
2375:, 27 March 2009
2364:
2360:
2359:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2206:, April 1, 2008
2204:Wayback Machine
2194:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2141:"Archived copy"
2139:
2138:
2134:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2096:"Archived copy"
2094:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2056:Wayback Machine
2045:Wayback Machine
2034:Wayback Machine
2023:Wayback Machine
2012:Wayback Machine
2001:Wayback Machine
1990:Wayback Machine
1979:Wayback Machine
1969:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1929:
1928:
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1816:"Archived copy"
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1776:"Archived copy"
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1511:Economy of Iran
1507:
1484:
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1456:
1434:
1428:
1409:
1403:
1395:power shortages
1372:solar radiation
1264:national grid.
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1082:solar radiation
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990:Main articles:
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337:Energy in Iran
238:
179:and 15% of its
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119:This article's
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38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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5502:Energy in Iran
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3616:Petrochemicals
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3601:Fuel smuggling
3598:
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3434:Power stations
3430:
3427:
3426:
3423:Energy in Iran
3421:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3366:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3344:
3337:Annual Reviews
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3291:
3280:
3279:External links
3277:
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3273:
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3209:
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2890:POWER Magazine
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2321:
2311:. www.opec.org
2306:"Project data"
2297:
2263:
2251:"CIA factbook"
2239:
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1156:Electric power
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1105:
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
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1067:
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1028:
987:
986:Nuclear energy
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938:
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721:
720:
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682:electric power
614:Main article:
611:
608:
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585:
584:
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575:
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569:
566:
565:Change 2004-10
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257:. Also due to
255:European Union
237:
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167:
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149:
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128:the key points
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5073:South America
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5028:United States
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5001:North America
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4540:South Ossetia
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3890:Privatization
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3709:
3703:
3702:Tabriz–Ankara
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3682:Iran–Pakistan
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Gas Trunkline
3660:
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3188:
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3174:
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3164:
3162:
3158:
3147:on 2011-06-17
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3122:on 2012-03-05
3121:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3096:on 2016-10-10
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3047:on 2009-04-02
3046:
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2730:(6): e07234.
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2587:
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2577:
2574:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2514:on 2020-02-16
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2489:on 2010-08-26
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2461:on 2010-12-15
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2436:on 2008-03-31
2435:
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2298:
2287:on 2013-08-25
2283:
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2178:
2173:
2167:
2153:on 2013-08-14
2149:
2142:
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2133:
2128:
2122:
2108:on 2016-10-26
2104:
2097:
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2024:
2020:
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2009:
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2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
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1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
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1953:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1923:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1861:on 2012-06-14
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1822:on 2021-01-15
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1782:on 2009-04-02
1781:
1777:
1770:
1768:
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1620:on 2011-06-10
1619:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:. 2023-08-08.
1598:
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1341:-powered and
1340:
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1328:
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1320:
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1308:
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1299:
1295:
1291:
1289:
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1283:Nuclear power
1278:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1261:hydroelectric
1258:
1249:
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1099:
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1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:CO2 emissions
1056:
1055:anthropogenic
1052:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1010:
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869:
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847:
841:
839:
838:United States
835:
831:
827:
823:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
799:war with Iraq
796:
791:
787:
782:
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772:
761:
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748:
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734:
730:
722:
717:
714:
711:
708:
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699:
696:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:Natural gas:
685:
683:
677:
675:
671:
660:
658:
654:
649:
645:
641:
632:
627:
623:
617:
609:
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223:
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31:
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27:
19:
5403:Saudi Arabia
5254:Saudi Arabia
5199:
5049:Cook Islands
4707:South Africa
4555:Dependencies
4485:Turkmenistan
4450:Saudi Arabia
4339:
4174:Saudi Arabia
4014:Saudi Arabia
4007:
3866:Kharg Island
3667:Iran–Armenia
3496:Oil reserves
3422:
3319:(in English)
3310:(in English)
3294:(in English)
3285:(in English)
3262:
3251:. Retrieved
3249:. 2023-04-11
3246:
3237:
3226:. Retrieved
3224:. 2020-02-20
3222:Carbon Brief
3221:
3212:
3201:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3176:. Retrieved
3172:
3149:. Retrieved
3145:the original
3135:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:the original
3109:
3098:. Retrieved
3094:the original
3084:
3075:
3049:. Retrieved
3045:the original
3034:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
3000:the original
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2974:the original
2964:
2952:|title=
2931:. Retrieved
2922:
2914:Entrepreneur
2913:
2904:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:
2879:
2861:
2850:. Retrieved
2846:
2837:
2804:
2793:. Retrieved
2780:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2696:
2685:. Retrieved
2683:. 2021-06-24
2680:
2671:
2660:. Retrieved
2658:. 2021-05-31
2656:Tehran Times
2655:
2646:
2629:
2615:
2601:
2590:. Retrieved
2588:. 2021-09-13
2586:Tehran Times
2585:
2576:
2565:. Retrieved
2563:. 2021-11-17
2561:Tehran Times
2560:
2551:
2540:. Retrieved
2536:
2527:
2516:. Retrieved
2512:the original
2502:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:the original
2474:
2463:. Retrieved
2459:the original
2449:
2438:. Retrieved
2434:the original
2424:
2413:. Retrieved
2403:
2395:
2387:
2377:, retrieved
2368:
2334:. Retrieved
2324:
2313:. Retrieved
2300:
2289:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2255:. Retrieved
2231:. Retrieved
2227:
2191:
2180:
2155:. Retrieved
2148:the original
2135:
2110:. Retrieved
2103:the original
2090:
2079:. Retrieved
2075:
2066:
1966:
1952:
1932:
1925:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:
1900:
1890:November 26,
1888:. Retrieved
1884:the original
1874:
1863:. Retrieved
1859:the original
1849:
1824:. Retrieved
1820:the original
1810:
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1751:
1740:. Retrieved
1730:
1719:. Retrieved
1708:
1696:. Retrieved
1692:the original
1682:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1647:. Retrieved
1645:. 2020-12-31
1642:
1633:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1596:
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:
1560:
1500:
1497:
1468:
1462:
1452:
1435:
1417:
1410:
1384:
1380:
1376:solar energy
1367:Persian Gulf
1360:
1347:
1316:
1292:
1279:
1269:gas turbines
1266:
1254:
1168:
1110:
1101:
1079:
1072:
1050:
1047:
1039:
1017:
1011:facility in
975:
974:
968:
958:
952:
946:
941:consumption:
940:
934:
929:
905:
874:
842:
822:Persian Gulf
814:oil reserves
811:
783:
768:
715:
709:
703:
698:consumption:
697:
691:
686:
678:
669:
661:
637:
605:
591:
350:Prim. energy
324:
315:
305:
301:
298:
294:Persian Gulf
275:
271:power plants
239:
220:
209:
202:
198:
177:oil reserves
155:
139:
123:
121:lead section
92:
84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
5486:Environment
5059:New Zealand
4966:Switzerland
4895:Netherlands
4785:Philippines
4725:Afghanistan
4614:Asia portal
4515:States with
4435:Philippines
4375:South Korea
4370:North Korea
4265:Afghanistan
3915:MAPNA Group
3809:Caspian Sea
3573:Persian LNG
3545:Natural gas
2847:www.eia.gov
2228:www.eia.gov
1717:. Rferl.org
1570:www.eia.gov
1426:Environment
1327:natural gas
1303:Karun-3 dam
1274:power plant
1177:natural gas
1120:Electricity
1086:solar power
935:production:
858:Afghanistan
692:production:
648:natural gas
640:natural gas
610:Natural gas
365:Electricity
312:Robert Baer
222:Oil in Iran
216:solar power
5388:Gaza Strip
5239:Gaza Strip
5013:Costa Rica
4885:Luxembourg
4760:Kazakhstan
4730:Bangladesh
4702:Seychelles
4495:Uzbekistan
4470:Tajikistan
4385:Kyrgyzstan
4365:Kazakhstan
4285:Bangladesh
4275:Azerbaijan
3775:Wind power
3725:Facilities
3253:2023-05-05
3228:2021-07-10
3203:2021-07-10
3178:2021-07-10
3151:2012-02-05
3126:2012-02-05
3100:2012-02-05
3051:2012-04-07
3006:August 16,
2895:2023-05-05
2852:2024-04-28
2795:2021-05-03
2687:2021-11-25
2662:2021-11-25
2592:2021-11-25
2567:2021-11-25
2542:2021-04-08
2518:2015-07-05
2493:2012-02-05
2465:2012-02-05
2440:2012-02-05
2415:2012-02-05
2379:2009-07-12
2373:World Bank
2336:2012-02-05
2315:2021-05-03
2291:2012-02-05
2257:2021-05-03
2233:2024-04-17
2157:2013-06-23
2112:2016-10-18
2081:2021-11-25
1916:2019-02-28
1865:2012-02-05
1826:2008-11-09
1786:2012-04-07
1742:2021-05-03
1721:2012-02-05
1673:2021-07-10
1668:unfccc.int
1649:2021-07-10
1624:2012-02-07
1575:2024-04-16
1552:References
1480:See also:
1465:4.0 (2007)
1430:See also:
1405:See also:
1363:wave power
1343:geothermal
1221:) (<1%)
1215:geothermal
1207:renewables
1197:hydropower
1132:See also:
1113:Mazandaran
1107:Geothermal
1034:See also:
980:contraband
902:is located
830:contraband
795:revolution
741:See also:
657:South Pars
653:North Pars
620:See also:
355:Production
347:(million)
345:Population
290:South Pars
142:April 2021
49:improve it
5392:West Bank
5384:Palestine
5243:West Bank
5235:Palestine
5080:Argentina
5044:Australia
4880:Lithuania
4780:Palestine
4755:Indonesia
4581:Hong Kong
4535:Palestine
4460:Sri Lanka
4455:Singapore
4335:Indonesia
4184:Venezuela
4026:Venezuela
3922:Sanctions
3740:Darkhovin
3697:Neka–Jask
3677:Iran–Oman
3649:Pipelines
3464:Petroleum
3454:Transport
2933:April 15,
2754:2405-8440
2411:. Cia.gov
1415:in 2019.
1401:Subsidies
927:efforts.
920:sanctions
908:Khuzestan
881:rationing
834:subsidies
779:oil wells
771:R/P ratio
755:Asalouyeh
684:sectors.
659:regions.
374:-emission
333:(2014).
126:summarize
55:talk page
5496:Category
5113:Category
5095:Colombia
5018:Honduras
4986:Scotland
4905:Portugal
4795:Thailand
4775:Pakistan
4765:Malaysia
4682:Ethiopia
4604:Category
4525:Abkhazia
4475:Thailand
4430:Pakistan
4410:Mongolia
4405:Maldives
4400:Malaysia
4300:Cambodia
3757:Timeline
3588:Gasoline
3558:Iran LNG
3372:Archived
3300:Archived
3060:cite web
3024:Archived
2943:cite web
2869:Archived
2827:Archived
2772:34169172
2200:Archived
2166:cite web
2121:cite web
2052:Archived
2041:Archived
2030:Archived
2019:Archived
2008:Archived
1997:Archived
1986:Archived
1975:Archived
1835:cite web
1795:cite web
1698:June 18,
1505:See also
1288:A by-law
1241:(<1%)
1231:(<1%)
953:imports:
947:exports:
854:Pakistan
826:gasoline
809:(NIOC).
710:imports:
704:exports:
674:gasoline
183:. It is
95:May 2016
5436:Portals
5374:Lebanon
5334:Bahrain
5225:Lebanon
5185:Bahrain
5037:Oceania
4976:Ukraine
4946:Iceland
4941:Belarus
4936:Armenia
4931:Albania
4870:Ireland
4865:Hungary
4855:Germany
4845:Finland
4840:Denmark
4825:Austria
4800:Vietnam
4697:Nigeria
4692:Morocco
4500:Vietnam
4415:Myanmar
4395:Lebanon
4325:Georgia
4280:Bahrain
4270:Armenia
4164:Nigeria
4129:Algeria
4074:Ecuador
4038:Algeria
4020:Nigeria
3802:Related
3785:Bitumen
3735:Bushehr
3712:Nuclear
3692:Nabucco
3515:Defunct
3444:Economy
3363:Tavanir
2980:May 24,
2763:8209083
2732:Bibcode
2724:Heliyon
1492:Manjeel
1257:thermal
1239:nuclear
1044:Biofuel
236:History
85:updated
5462:Energy
5413:Turkey
5369:Kuwait
5364:Jordan
5359:Israel
5339:Cyprus
5264:Turkey
5220:Kuwait
5215:Jordan
5210:Israel
5190:Cyprus
5123:Portal
5085:Brazil
5064:Tuvalu
5023:Mexico
5008:Canada
4971:Turkey
4961:Russia
4956:Norway
4951:Kosovo
4915:Sweden
4900:Poland
4860:Greece
4850:France
4835:Cyprus
4809:Europe
4790:Taiwan
4740:Brunei
4735:Bhutan
4664:Africa
4545:Taiwan
4480:Turkey
4445:Russia
4380:Kuwait
4360:Jordan
4350:Israel
4310:Cyprus
4295:Brunei
4290:Bhutan
4154:Kuwait
4119:(OPEC)
4068:Angola
4050:Kuwait
3895:AzarAb
3829:ISOICO
3745:Fordow
3383:(2002)
3354:(2003)
3114:Suna.
2786:"Data"
2770:
2760:
2752:
1940:
1905:PWKD.
1440:alone.
1438:Tehran
1321:- and
1305:&
1237:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1209:(e.g.
1203:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1140:, and
1024:Russia
998:, and
850:Turkey
753:, and
735:, and
583:37.8%
367:(TWh)
362:(TWh)
360:Export
357:(TWh)
352:(TWh)
5423:Yemen
5408:Syria
5398:Qatar
5344:Egypt
5274:Yemen
5259:Syria
5249:Qatar
5195:Egypt
5090:Chile
4924:Other
4910:Spain
4890:Malta
4875:Italy
4770:Nepal
4750:India
4745:China
4687:Kenya
4677:Egypt
4586:Macau
4505:Yemen
4465:Syria
4440:Qatar
4420:Nepal
4355:Japan
4330:India
4320:Egypt
4305:China
4159:Libya
4139:Gabon
4062:Libya
4056:Qatar
4022:1,293
4016:1,879
4010:2,350
3900:HEPCO
3839:SADRA
3629:Marun
3247:Ember
2789:(PDF)
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1179:(81%)
1069:Solar
1030:Hydro
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976:note:
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885:India
786:fuels
580:43.0%
574:25.6%
571:42.9%
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