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the attacker nor defender will have a clear shot until the tank is within range of the defending antitank weapon. In such engagements the tank is usually at a further disadvantage because the defender will often be camouflaged while the attacking tank will be silhouetted against the sky, giving the defender an easier shot.
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A unit sited in defilade threatens an enemy that decides to pass it and move forward, because the enemy would be put in an enfiladed position when moving in a rank. The friendly unit would be in a position that is shielded by terrain from direct enemy fire, while still being able to fire on the enemy
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weapons, and especially short-range man-portable antitank rockets, defiladed positions behind a hill have several important advantages. This is because the dead space created by the intervening crest of the hill prevents an approaching tank from using the range of its direct-fire weapons, and neither
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of a hill or within a depression in level or rolling terrain. Defiladed positions on hilltops are advantageous because "dead space" – a space that cannot be engaged with direct fire – will be created in front of the position. Ideally, this dead space should be covered by the interlocking fields of
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used to describe a military formation's exposure to enemy fire. A formation or position is "in enfilade" if weapon fire can be directed along its longest axis. A unit or position is "in defilade" if it uses natural or artificial obstacles to shield or conceal itself from enfilade and hostile fire.
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In addition, if the tank fails to detect the defending antitank weapon while the tank is still defiladed, but advances beyond that position to the crest of the hill, it may expose the relatively thinner armor of its lower hull or belly to the defender. Early detection and elimination of antitank
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When planning field and other fortifications, it became common for mutually supporting positions to be arranged so that it became impossible to attack any one position without exposing oneself to enfilading fire from the others, this being found for example in the mutually supporting bastions of
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the weapon) than to correctly estimate the range to avoid shooting too long or short. Additionally, both indirect and direct fire projectiles that might miss an intended target are more likely to hit another valuable target within the formation if firing along the long axis.
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that increases the effective height of the ground, within an excavation that allows the troops to shelter below the surface of the ground or a combination of the two. The same principles apply to fighting positions for artillery and armored fighting vehicles.
286:. The benefit of enfilading an enemy formation is that, by firing along the long axis, it becomes easier to hit targets within that formation. Enfilade fire takes advantage of the fact that it is usually easier to aim laterally (
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or in fortifications designed to provide the defenders with opportunities to enfilade attacking forces. Although sophisticated archery tactics grew rare in
Western Europe during the
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236:, 1944. The barbed wire fence is crude and not very high. However, when combined with the steep, curving sea wall it slows down any attacker, giving time for the
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with wounded
Canadian soldiers, 6 June 1944. The same bunker in September 2006. Finally, the view of the bunker's enfilading field of fire with respect to the
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of 1942: dead
Canadian soldiers lie where they fell on "Blue Beach". Trapped between the beach and fortified sea wall, they made easy targets for
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of marching troops is enfiladed if fired on from the front or rear such that the projectiles travel the length of the column. A
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Fire is delivered so that the long axis of the target coincides or nearly coincides with the long axis of the beaten zone.
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machineguns in a German bunker. The bunker firing slit is visible in the distance, just above the German soldier's head.
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Diagram showing units "in enfilade" (red) and "in defilade" (blue) with another unit (green) providing enfilading fire
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Enfilade fire—gunfire directed against an enfiladed formation or position—is also commonly known as "flanking fire".
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A formation or position is "in enfilade" if weapon fire can be directed along its longest axis. For instance, a
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A unit or position is "in defilade" if it uses natural or artificial obstacles to shield or conceal. For an
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French
Fortresses in North America 1535–1763: Québec, Montréal, Louisbourg and New Orleans (Fortress 27)
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Artificial entrenchments can provide defilade by allowing troops to seek shelter behind a raised
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or line of advancing troops is enfiladed if fired on from the side (from the flank).
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456:"Chivalry and Betrayal: The Hundred Years War - Trouble in the Family: 1337–1360"
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is enfiladed if the opponent can fire down the length of the trench. A
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The advantages of enfilading missiles have been appreciated since
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in 1332 and used to devastating effect against the French in the
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171:("to slip away or off") spoken by English nobility of the time.
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The
Evolution of Modern Land Warfare: Theory and Practice
481:. United States Marine Corps. 2007-03-01. p. 2.10.
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threats is an important reason that tanks attack with
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fire of other nearby positions, and/or by pre-planned
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Defilade is also used to refer to a position on the
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318:(AFV), defilade is synonymous with a
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165:("to put on a string or sling") and
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553:Chartrand, René (March 20, 2005).
198:Top to bottom: a German bunker on
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532:Russian Fortresses, 1480–1682
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