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the general norm, straying away from anywhere that was not a family home. Dying close to home, with friends and family, was considered a 'good death', while dying away from home was considered a 'bad death'. This gradually changed as the upper and middle class started holding funerals in the mortuaries of hospitals. This posed an issue for hospitals because of the rapid increase in funerals being held and maxing occupancy. This quickly resolved when a law was passed to allow the civilian population holding funerals in the mortuaries of hospitals. The lower class quickly followed suit, copying the newly set traditions of the upper classes. With this change, cremation also practice more as an alternative to traditional burials. Cremation was first introduced by
Buddhism, and was quickly banned in 1470. It was not until the Japanese colonization period that cremation was reintroduced in 1945 and later on lifted the ban. It took until 1998 for cremation to rapidly grow in popularity.
1159:'s funeral arrangements have drastically changed in the course of only two decades according to Chang-Won Park. Park states that around the 1980s at home funeral ceremonies were the general norm, straying away from anywhere that was not a family home. Dying close to home, with friends and family, was considered a 'good death', while dying away from home was considered a 'bad death'. This gradually changed as the upper and middle class started holding funerals in the mortuaries of hospitals. This posed an issue for hospitals because of the rapid increase in funerals being held and maxing occupancy. This resolved when a law was passed to allow the civilian population to hold funerals in the mortuaries of hospitals. The lower class then followed suit, copying the newly set traditions of the upper classes. With this change, the practice of cremation became viewed more as an alternative to traditional burials. Cremation was first introduced by
1179:, a Sulawesi province in Eastern Indonesia, experiences death as a process, rather than an event. The culture of Tana Toraja views funerals as the most important event in a person's life. Because of this importance placed on death, Tana Toraja landscape is covered in the rituals and events transpired after death. The hierarchy of an individual's life is based on the sacrifices of animals made after their death. Funerals tend to be celebrated by Tana Toraja people, typically lasting days to even weeks long. Death is seen as a transformation, rather than a private loss. A Torajan is not considered 'dead' until their family members are able to collect the resources necessary to hold a funeral that expresses the status of the deceased. Until these funerals are upheld the deceased are held in
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pressed down into a powder and returned to the associated family. The outcome is comparable to cremation, but results in an environmentally friendly process that does not release chemical emissions and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, as was confirmed after a review by the Health
Council of the Netherlands. After this process, the water used goes to a regular water treatment facility where it is filtered and cleaned and returned to the water cycle. At this time, resomation is permitted for commercial use in areas throughout the U.S. However, several other countries, including the UK are considering using this technology within their medical schools and universities.
1337:, burial law prescribes both the location of burial and burial practices and precludes cremation of the dead. It is forbidden to carry the body for more than one hour's journey from the place of death. Before interment the body should be wrapped in a shroud of silk or cotton, and a ring should be placed on its finger bearing the inscription "I came forth from God, and return unto Him, detached from all save Him, holding fast to His Name, the Merciful, the Compassionate". The coffin should be of crystal, stone or hard fine wood. Also, before interment, a specific Prayer for the Dead is ordained. The body should be placed with the feet facing the
1183:, built to house corpses that are not considered 'dead'. The deceased can be held in Tongkonan for years, waiting for their families to collect the necessary resources to hold a funeral. The Tongkonan represents both the identity of the family and the process of birth and death. The process of birth and death is shown by having the houses that individuals are born in be the same structure as the Tongkonan, houses that individuals die in. Up until the funeral the deceased being housed in the Tongkonan are symbolically treated as members of the family, still being cared for by family members.
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aspects (need for connectivity and land take imposed by cemeteries), two positive results can be achieved: protecting memories of the past and connecting ecosystems with multiple-use corridors. Green burials appeal to people for economic reasons. Traditional burial practices can be a financial burden causing some to turn to green burials as a cheaper alternative. Some people view green burials as more meaningful, especially for those who have a connection to a piece of land, such as current residence or other places that hold meaning for them.
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709:. Such burials go beyond other forms of natural burial, which aim to prevent environmental damage caused by conventional burial techniques, by actually increasing benefits for the environment. The idea is for the burial process to be a net positive for the earth rather than just neutral. Scientists have argued that such burials could potentially generate enough funds to save every endangered species on the planet. The Green Burial Council certifies natural and conservation burial grounds in the U.S. and Canada.
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1622:, are secluded in private gated gardens or mausoleums with no public access. A number of tombs are also kept from the public eye. Forest Lawn's Court of Honor indicates that some of its crypts have plots which are reserved for individuals who may be "voted in" as "Immortals"; no amount of money can purchase a place. Photographs taken at Forest Lawn are not permitted to be published, and their information office usually refuses to reveal exactly where the remains of famous people are buried.
2017:, is the act of digging something up, especially a corpse. This is most often done to relocate a body to a different burial spot; families may make this decision to locate the deceased in a more pertinent or convenient place. In shared family burial sites (e.g. a married couple), if the previously deceased person has been buried for an insufficient period of time, the second body may be buried elsewhere until it is safe to relocate it to the shared grave.
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that the second casket may be placed over it without disturbing the first. In many states in
Australia all graves are designated two or three depth (depending on the water table) for multiple burials, at the discretion of the burial rights holder, with each new interment atop the previous coffin separated by a thin layer of earth. As such all graves are dug to greater depth for the initial burial than the traditional six feet to facilitate this practice.
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the earth will also be returning nutrients to the environment, in a way that is less expensive than other available burial methods. Not only are tree pods a more cost effective and environmentally friendly way to memorialize loved ones, this method also offers emotional support. The memories of loved ones will be immortalized through the concept of a deceased person having a medium (trees) that will continue to live and grow.
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her hair, skin, and nails to create a mushroom variety that will best decompose human remains. As the mushrooms grow, they consume the remains within the suit as well as the toxins that are being released by the body. Rhim and her colleagues created this suit as a symbol of a new way for people to think about the relationship between their body after death and the environment.
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focusing on the departed. This study found that modern day funerals focus on the psycho-social-spiritual event. Modern day funerals also help the transition of the recently passed transitioning to the social status of 'the deceased'. The article found that funeral homes do not adhere to traditional religious beliefs, but do follow religious traditions.
1461:, some are memorialized, especially in smaller communities or in the case of deaths publicized by local media. Anonymous burials also happen in poorer or disadvantaged populations' communities in countries such as South Africa, where in the past the non-white population was simply too poor to afford headstones. At the cemetery in the small rural town of
167:, which may be inscribed with information and tributes to the deceased. However, some people are buried in anonymous or secret graves for various reasons. Sometimes multiple bodies are buried in a single grave either by choice (as in the case of married couples), due to space concerns, or in the case of
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where they help to repair damage to the reefs while also providing new habitats for fish and other sea communities. It has become a new way to memorialize the passing person while also protecting the marine environment. The high cost of the memorial reefs has caused this alternative form of burial to
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Natural burials have been attracting people for reasons outside of environmental and sustainability factors as well. With the expansion of urban centres, ecological corridors gradually disappear. Cemeteries for burial plots preclude alternative uses of the land for a long time. By combining these two
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burying a dead puppy by pushing sand with its own nose. It is presumed, however, that since dogs retain the instinct to bury food, this is what is being depicted in the video. In social insects, ants and termites also bury their dead nestmates depending on the properties of the corpse and the social
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community, slaves quickly familiarized themselves with funeral procedures and the location of gravesites of family and friends. Specific slaves were assigned to prepare dead bodies, build coffins, dig graves, and construct headstones. Slave funerals were typically at night when the workday was over,
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have unique traditions associated with a loved one's death. The death of a loved one sparks a series of events such as smoking out the spirit, a feast, and leaving out the body to decompose. Immediately after death, a smoking ceremony is held in the deceased's home. The smoking ceremonies purpose is
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The tree pod method originated in the UK but is now becoming a more popular method of burial. The definition of natural burial grounds suggests that people are being buried without any kind of formaldehyde-based embalming fluid or synthetic ingredients, and that the bodies that are being returned to
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to dissolve human remains. During this process, the body is put into an enclosed, stainless steel chamber. The chamber fills with the chemical and water solution and is then lightly circulated. After a couple of hours, the body is worn down and bone is the only thing that remains. The bones are then
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are sometimes exhumed to ensure their bodies lie in their correctly marked graves, as their gravesites usually become places for devotees to gather, and also to collect relics. The bodies may also be transferred to a more dignified place. It also serves the purpose to see if they are supernaturally
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At death, a slave's body was wrapped in cloth. The hands were placed across the chest, and a metal plate was placed on top of their hands. The reasoning for the plate was to hinder their return home by suppressing any spirits in the coffin. Often, personal property was buried with slaves to appease
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and her colleagues to address the impact traditional burial approaches have on the environment. It is an eco-friendly process which consists of dressing the cadaver in a bodysuit with mushroom spores woven into it, nicknamed the
Infinity Burial Suit. Rhim developed her own mushrooms by feeding them
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According to
Margaret Holloway, funerals are believed to be driven by the consumer's choice, personalisation, secularization, and stories that place individual traditional meta-narratives. It has been studied that funeral homes in the UK are most concerned with comforting the grieving, rather than
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As the human population progresses, cultures and traditions change with it. Evolution is generally slow, sometimes more rapid. South Korea's funeral arrangements have drastically changed in the course of only two decades according to Chang-Won Park. Around the 1980s at home funeral ceremonies were
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In North
America, private family cemeteries were common among wealthy landowners during the 18th and 19th centuries. Many prominent people were buried in private cemeteries on their respective properties, sometimes in lead-lined coffins. Many of these family cemeteries were not documented and were
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The memorial reef is a natural, alternative approach to burial. The cremated remains of a person are mixed in with concrete and then placed into a mold to make the memorial reef or eternal reef. After the concrete sets, family members are allowed to customize the reef with writing, hand prints and
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or other family members) may wish to be buried in the same plot. In some cases, the coffins (or urns) may simply be buried side by side. In others, one casket may be interred above another. If this is planned for in advance, the first casket may be buried more deeply than is the usual practice so
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The increase in popularity of alternative burials can be seen as a direct choice of the individual's want to distance themselves from religious practices and spiritual locations as well as an opportunity to exercise their act of choice. The desire to live through nature as well as concern for the
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The location of the burial may be determined by taking into account concerns surrounding health and sanitation, religious concerns, and cultural practices. Some cultures keep the dead close to provide guidance to the living, while others "banish" them by locating burial grounds at a distance from
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wrote a number of stories and poems about premature burial, including a story called "The
Premature Burial". These works inspired a widespread popular fear of this appalling but unlikely event. Various expedients have been devised to prevent it, including burying telephones or sensors in graves.
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The inclusion of personal effects may be motivated by the beliefs that in the afterlife people will wish to have with them what was important to them on earth. Alternatively, in some cultures, it is felt that, when a person dies, their possessions (and sometimes people connected to them such as
663:—also called "green burial"—is the process by which a body is returned to the earth to decompose naturally in soil, and in some cases even protect native and endangered wildlife. Natural burial became popularized in the UK in the early 1990s by Ken West, a professional cremator operator for the
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and placed in the darkness of the nave, then laid in front of the high altar, surrounded by candles. The next day, in front of the whole community, a requiem mass was to be sung and the paschal candle lit . Following this, there were prayers, hymns, special masses, and the body was borne to the
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Martinón-Torres, María; d’Errico, Francesco; Santos, Elena; Álvaro Gallo, Ana; Amano, Noel; Archer, William; Armitage, Simon J.; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Bermúdez de Castro, José María; Blinkhorn, James; Crowther, Alison; Douka, Katerina; Dubernet, Stéphan; Faulkner, Patrick; Fernández-Colón, Pilar
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where real estate is at a premium, burials in government-run cemeteries are disinterred after six years under exhumation order. Remains are either collected privately for cremation or reburied in an urn or niche. Unclaimed burials are exhumed and cremated by the government. Permanent burial in
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They bury their dead with their heads directly downward, because they hold an opinion, that in eleven thousand moons they are all to rise again; in which period the earth (which they conceive to be flat) will turn upside down, and by this means they shall, at their resurrection, be found ready
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1728:: "grave of brothers") where two soldiers were killed together in a tank and are buried in one grave. As the bodies were so fused together with the metal of the tank that they could not be separately identified, they were buried in one grave (along with parts of the tank).
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is the practice of eating the remains. This may be done for many reasons: for example to partake of their strength, to spiritually "close the circle" by reabsorbing their life into the family or clan, to annihilate an enemy, or due to pathological mental conditions. The
460:. It must be laid head up with its feet to the east, for it was from this direction that Christ would return, from New Jerusalem, at the Apocalypse, when the worthy dead would be resurrected. If burial rituals went awry, one's immortal soul was jeopardised. Personal
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Slaves were buried oriented East to West, with feet at the
Eastern end (head at the Western end, thus raising facing East). According to Christian doctrine, this orientation permitted rising to face the return of Christ without having to turn around upon the call of
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position, with the head vertically below the feet, is highly uncomfortable for any extended period of time, and consequently burial in that attitude (as opposed to attitudes of rest or watchfulness, as above) is highly unusual and generally symbolic. Occasionally
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of the deceased. U.S. law allows disinterment "only for the most compelling of reasons" and with the permission of close relatives and the cemetery official. Also in many countries, permits are required by some governing agency to legally conduct a disinterment.
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Genesis 1:26: And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the
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The majority of Muslim jurors maintain that an individual buried in a mosque must be exhumed and that offering prayers in such a mosque renders the prayer invalid. Jurists, however, hold that mosques built around already existing graves are to be demolished.
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privately run cemeteries is allowed. In
Singapore, cremation is preferred by most Singaporeans because burials in Singapore is limited to 15 years. After 15 years, Singaporean graves will be exhumed and the remains will either be cremated or re-interred.
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are known to throw leaves and branches over fallen members of their family groups. In a particularly odd case, an elephant which trampled a human mother and child buried its victims under a pile of leaves before disappearing into the bushes. In 2013, a
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Many cultures practice anonymous burial as a norm, not an exception. For instance, in 2002 a survey for the
Federal Guild of German Stonemasons found that, depending on the location within Germany, from 0% to 43% of burials were anonymous. According to
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tree. The goal of this method is to create parks full of trees that loved ones can walk through and mourn, as opposed to a graveyard full of tombstones. This method aims to return the body to the earth in the most environmentally friendly way possible.
1365:, usually a cemetery; an earlier practice, burial in or very near the church (hence the word churchyard), was generally abandoned with individual exceptions as a high posthumous honour; also many existing funeral monuments and crypts remain in use.
614:. In fact, graves are rarely dug to this depth except when it is intended to later bury a further coffin or coffins on top of the first one. In such cases, more than six feet may be dug, to provide the required depth of soil above the top coffin.
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1052:). In many Christian traditions, ordained clergy are traditionally buried in the opposite orientation, and their coffins carried likewise, so that at the General Resurrection they may rise facing, and ready to minister to, their people.
1866:(Germanic) ethnic groups often built their altars at the cross-roads, and since human sacrifices, especially of criminals, formed part of the ritual, these spots came to be regarded as execution grounds. Hence after the introduction of
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In England and Wales once the top of a coffin has been lowered below ground level in a burial if it is raised again, say for example the grave sides are protruding and need further work, this is considered an exhumation and the
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The body may be dressed in fancy and/or ceremonial clothes. Personal objects of the deceased, such as a favorite piece of jewelry or photograph, may be included with the body. This practice, also known as the inclusion of
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The New Burial Policy, introduced in 1998 to address the issue of land scarcity, limits burial to 15 years. After this period, graves will be exhumed and the remains cremated or re-interred, depending on one's religious
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to the deceased's family and friends. Psychologists in some Western Judeo-Christian quarters, as well as the US funeral industry, claim that by interring a body away from plain view the pain of losing a loved one can be
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magazine, the perspective of the Roman Catholic Church is that anonymous burials reflect a dwindling belief in God. Others claim that this trend is mainly driven by secularism and the high costs of traditional burials.
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remain minimal and uncommon. This kind of natural burial is practiced in permitted oceans in the U.S., specifically in locations around Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Maryland, New Jersey, Texas and Virginia.
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Thus in some traditions, especially with an animistic logic, the remains of the dead are "banished" for fear their spirits would harm the living if too close; others keep remains close to help surviving generations.
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are required to be notified and a full investigation undertaken. Therefore, grave diggers in England and Wales are particularly careful to ensure that grave sites are dug with plenty of room for the coffin to pass.
1692:) and forbids the recovery of remains. In lieu of recovery, divers or submersibles may leave a plaque dedicated to the memory of the ship or boat and its crew, and family members are invited to attend the ceremony.
385:. The reopening of furnished or recent burials occurred especially from the 5th to the 8th centuries CE over the broad zone of European row-grave-style furnished inhumation burial, which comprised the regions of
1200:, an earthy pigment associated with clay, while they eat and dance. The traditional corpse disposal of the Aboriginals includes covering the corpse in leaves on a platform. The corpse is then left to decompose.
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and other animals of emotional significance are often ceremonially buried. Most families bury deceased pets on their own properties, mainly in a yard, with a shoe box or any other type of container served as a
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In the United States, there is no nationwide regulation of burial depth. Each local authority is free to determine its own rules. Requirements for depth can vary according to soil type and by method of burial.
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https://www.irna.ir/news/84672633/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF
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was once believed to have been buried in such a manner, but today it is known that such burials were never allowed in Mozart's Vienna, whose magistrates refused to agree to the burial regulations decreed by
1163:, but was banned in 1470. It was not until the Japanese colonization period that cremation was reintroduced in 1945 and later lifted the ban. It took until 1998 for cremation to rapidly grow in popularity.
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Conservation burial is a type of burial where burial fees fund the acquisition and management of new land to benefit native habitat, ecosystems and species. This usually involves a legal document such as a
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therefore lost to time and abandoned; their grave markers having long since been pilfered by vandals or covered by forest growth. Their locations are occasionally discovered during construction projects.
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form a crude cross shape and this may have given rise to the belief that these spots were selected as the next best burying-places to consecrated ground. Another possible explanation is that the ancient
1457:; boots, rifle and helmet; a sword and shield; a cairn of stones; or even a monument. This may occur when identification of the deceased is impossible. Although many unidentified deceased are buried in
2226:. Occasionally these differences result in conflict, especially in cases where a culture with more lenient exhumation rules wishes to operate on the territory of a different culture. For example, U.S.
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In the United Kingdom, soil is required to be to a depth of three feet above the highest point of the coffin, unless the burial authority consider the soil to be suitable for a depth of only two feet.
626:, graves were indeed once dug to a depth of six feet to prevent the body being disturbed by burrowing animals. However, this was unnecessary once metal caskets and concrete vaults started to be used.
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Crow, Madison; Zori, Colleen; Zori, Davide (17 December 2020). "Doctrinal and Physical Marginality in Christian Death: The Burial of Unbaptized Infants in Medieval Italy". Religions. 11 (12): 2.
644:, ordered that the bodies of plague victims "...shall be at least six foot deep." The city officials apparently believed this would inhibit the spread of the disease, not realising that the true
464:– breaking free from the corporeal prison and ascending to a spiritual sphere unencumbered by materiality – is the logical culmination of the myth of humanity's supposed dominion over nature. .
377:, the reopening of graves and manipulation of the corpses or artifacts contained within them was a widespread phenomenon and a common part of the life course of early medieval cemeteries across
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often employ mass burial for victims. However, mass burial may in many cases be the only practical means of dealing with an overwhelming number of human remains, such as those resulting from a
1012:, the body may be positioned arbitrarily. This can be a sign of disrespect to the deceased, or at least nonchalance on the part of the inhumer, or due to considerations of time and space.
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the idea that the world would be "turned upside down" at the Apocalypse enjoyed some currency. There is at least one attested case of a person being buried upside down by instruction; a
1681:. In some cases, the remains of unidentified individuals have been buried in mass graves in potter's fields, making exhumation and future identification troublesome for law enforcement.
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Respect for the physical remains. If left lying on top of the ground, scavengers may eat the corpse, considered disrespectful to the deceased in many (but not all) cultures. In Tibet,
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body is placed into the ground, sometimes with objects. This is usually accomplished by excavating a pit or trench, placing the deceased and objects in it, and covering it over. A
671:. In addition, there are multiple green burial sites in the U.S. Green burials are developing in Canada (Victoria, BC, and Cobourg, Ontario), as well as in Australia and Ireland.
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in Israel. A variety of grave goods were present at the site, including the mandible of a wild boar in the arms of one of the skeletons. The remains of a 3-year-old child at
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known to practice burial behavior and to intentionally bury their dead; they did so using shallow graves furnished with stone tools and animal bones. Exemplary sites include
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are buried with the body, which may be dressed in fancy or ceremonial garb. Depending on the culture, the manner in which the body is positioned may have great significance.
622:, for instance, requires only 19 inches of soil above the top of the coffin, but more commonly 30 to 36 inches are required in other places. In some areas, such as central
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and is becoming increasingly common in other cultures as well. If a family member wishes, the ashes can now be turned into a gem, similar to creating synthetic diamonds.
1591:, or vandalism of the burial site. This may be particularly the case with infamous or notorious figures. In other cases, it may be to prevent the grave from becoming a
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and other organisms from accessing the corpse. An additional benefit of using containers to hold the body is that if the soil covering the corpse is washed away by a
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1599:. Survivors may cause the deceased to be buried in a secret location or other unpublished place, or in a grave with a false name (or no name at all) on the marker.
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Deceased individuals who were either not identified or misidentified at the time of burial may be reburied if survivors so wish. For example, when the remains of
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colored the dead body while others feed the body to vultures and birds or burned the bodies. Body parts cut during the procedure are sometimes buried separately.
595:; although other means such as cremation are becoming more popular in the West (cremation is the norm in India and mandatory in big metropolitan areas of Japan).
3119:"CINDEA (Canadian Integrative Network for Death Education and Resources) maintains resources on green burial and other topics relevant to the pan-death movement"
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was fleas living on rats in the streets. In the event, there were so many victims that very few were buried in individual graves. Most were placed in massive
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and prevent them from witnessing the decomposition of their loved ones, and in many cultures it has been seen as a necessary step for the deceased to enter the
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Superstition also played a part in the selection of crossroads in the burial of suicides. Folk belief often held such individuals could rise as some form of
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services, the body is often put on display. Many cultures feel that the deceased should be presented looking his or her finest. Others dress the deceased in
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A decomposing body releases unpleasant gases related to decomposition. As such, burial is seen as a means of preventing smells from expanding into open air.
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2198:. An incorrupt corpse is no longer considered miraculous, but it is a characteristic of several known saints. Exhumation is no longer a requirement in the
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spirits. The coffins were nailed shut once the body was inside, and carried by hand or wagon, depending on the property designated for slave burial site.
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1406:. Second, headstones often contain information or tributes to deceased. This is a form of remembrance for loved ones; it can also be viewed as a form of
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Judaism does not generally allow multiple bodies in a grave. An exception to this is a grave in the military cemetery in Jerusalem, where there is a
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standing on their feet. The learnèd among them confess the absurdity of this doctrine; but the practice still continues, in compliance to the vulgar.
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Remains may be exhumed and reburied en masse when a cemetery is relocated, once local planning and religious requirements are met. It also enables
1143:. Similar stories have attached themselves to other noted eccentrics, particularly in southern England, but not always with a foundation in truth.
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buried their dead. Burial is often seen as indicating respect for the dead. It has been used to prevent the odor of decay, to give family members
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It is a common misconception that graves must be dug to a depth of six feet (1.8 metres). This is reflected in the common euphemism for death of
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Human burial practices are the manifestation of the human desire to demonstrate "respect for the dead". Cultures vary in their mode of respect.
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Royalty and high nobility often have one or more "traditional" sites of burial, generally monumental, often in a palatial chapel or cathedral.
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2253:(卜墓) in Vietnam "digging up bones" and is an important ritual in the posthumous "care" of children for their deceased parents and ancestors.
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Apart from sanitary and other practical considerations, the site of burial can be determined by religious and socio-cultural considerations.
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capsule that will not harm the surrounding earth. The biodegradable capsule doubles as a seed which can be customized to grow into either a
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were usually buried in soil. The roots of burial as a practice reach back into the Middle Palaeolithic and coincide with the appearance of
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Cemeteries sometimes have a limited number of plots in which to bury the dead. Once all plots are full, older remains may be moved to an
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4407:"Management of the dead from the Islamic law and international humanitarian law perspectives: Considerations for humanitarian forensics"
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culture, graves are opened after a period of years. The bones are removed, cleaned, dried, and placed in a ceramic pot for reburial (in
1870:, criminals and suicides were buried at the cross-roads during the night, to assimilate as far as possible their funeral to that of the
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1040:. Historically, Christian burials followed similar principles, where the body was placed east–west, to mirror the layout of Christian
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Alternatives to burial variously show respect for the dead, accelerate decomposition and disposal, or prolong display of the remains.
1901:) and burying them at crossroads would inhibit their ability to find and wreak havoc on their living relations and former associates.
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3995:"Dies irae, dies illa – Day of wrath, day of wailing: Notes on the commissioning, origin and completion of Mozart's Requiem (KV 626)"
977:(lying on the front). However, in some cultures, being buried face down shows marked disrespect like in the case of the Sioux. Other
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2398:, where the flesh of the corpses is left to be devoured by vultures and other carrion-eating birds. Alternatively, it can also mean
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1472:(or other member of the military) in a prominent location as a form of respect for all unidentified war dead. The UK memorializes '
1465:, many grave sites have no identification and just have a border of stones which mark out the dimensions of the grave site itself.
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1005:. Many cultures treat placement of dead people in an appropriate position to be a sign of respect even when burial is impossible.
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957:, or mummified royalty with crossed arms in high and low body positions, depending upon the dynasty. The burial of bodies in the
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places the body on a mountaintop, where it decomposes in the elements or is scavenged by carrion eaters, particularly vultures.
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or burial grounds. This is done in order to facilitate the return to Israel foretold of all those who are resurrected at the
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Burials may be placed in a number of different positions. Bodies with the arms crossed date back to ancient cultures such as
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with the master present to view all the ceremonial procedures. Slaves from nearby plantations were regularly in attendance.
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667:, responding to the U.K's call for changes in government that aligned with the United Nations' Environmental Program Local
62:
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1988:
context. Laboratory rats had been observed using bedding material to bury dead conspecifics placed in their test chamber.
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Most often, a burial will be oriented to a specific direction for religious purposes, as are the case for persons of the
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Although not generally a motivation for the inclusion of grave goods with a corpse, it is worth considering that future
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sometimes developed complex burial rituals and attached great importance to their correct performance: the fate of the
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Religious rules may prescribe a specific zone, e.g. some Christian traditions hold that Christians must be buried in
1024:. Standard Jewish burials are made supine east–west, with the head at the western end of the grave, in order to face
3362:"Admissibility of new techniques of disposing of the dead - Advisory report - The Health Council of the Netherlands"
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for the deceased. In general, however, clothing buried with a body decays more rapidly than the same buried alone.
734:, also referred to as resomation, is another approach to natural burial. It uses high temperature water mixed with
637:
4171:
3390:
2760:
Klevnäs, Alison; Aspöck, Edeltraud; Noterman, Astrid A.; van Haperen, Martine C.; Zintl, Stephanie (August 2021).
2617:"Evolving in their graves: early burials hold clues to human origins – research of burial rituals of Neanderthals"
2087:
In folklore and mythology, exhumation has also been frequently associated with the performance of rites to banish
1665:, but even in the 21st century remains which are unidentifiable by current methods may be buried in a mass grave.
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Though there is ongoing debate regarding the reliability of the dating method, some scholars believe the earliest
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The passing of time may mean political situations change and a burial can take place in different circumstances.
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Simpson, Jacqueline (January–March 1978). "The World Upside down Shall Be: A Note on the Folklore of Doomsday".
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barrow or grave any time after its initial construction. It is often associated with the belief that there is a
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2069:
839:
571:, in Europe and Africa respectively. As a result, burial grounds are found throughout the world. Through time,
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deliberately encourage scavenging of human remains in the interest of returning them to nature, just as within
312:
burial dates back 100,000 years. Archeological expeditions have discovered human skeletal remains stained with
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to expel the spirit of the deceased from their living quarters. A feast is held where mourners are covered in
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position, i.e., lying flat with arms and legs straight, or with the arms folded upon the chest, and with the
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Swift's notion of inverted burial might seem the highest flight of fancy, but it appears that among English
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constitutes a method of interment, rather than a form of medical treatment, remains under debate. See also
842:, which prevents the coffin from collapsing under the weight of the earth or floating away during a flood.
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1028:. In other cases, the body may be buried on a north–south axis, or, simply facing towards the exit of the
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1793:: A person or group of people in a cave, mine, or other underground area may be sealed underground by an
1717:, only became a mass grave when individual burials were relocated from cemeteries marked for demolition.
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Sometimes people are buried alive. Having no way of escaping interment, they die in place, typically by
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2245:), or in a smaller coffin and to be reburied in another location (in Vietnam). The practice is called
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The inclusion of ceremonial garb and sacred objects is sometimes viewed as necessary for reaching the
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such as clothing and objects provide insight into how the individual lived. This provides a form of
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or other large body of water instead of soil. The body may be disposed in a coffin, or without one.
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2021:
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1044:, which were themselves oriented as such for much the same reason; to view the coming of Christ on
735:
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you had to be interred correctly, for burial was the passage out of this world. The body had to be
367:
4155:
The funeral ways of social insects. Social strategies for corpse disposal". Trends in Entomology.
3952:""Europeans Seek the Grave's Anonymity" – The Christian Century, Vol. 113, Issue 17, May 15, 1996"
2903:
1341:. The formal prayer and the ring are meant to be used for those who have reached 15 years of age.
358:". Grave fields are one of the chief sources of information on prehistoric cultures, and numerous
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in Croatia. Some scholars, however, argue that such "buried" bodies may have been disposed of for
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in London on 3 August 1916 and buried in the prison grounds but his body was exhumed and given a
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3744:"هزینه کفن و دفن «۵۰۰هزار تومانی» در تهران؛ عضو شورای شهر میگوید هر تهرانی یک «قبر مجانی» دارد"
632:
The earliest known reference to a requirement for a six-foot burial occurred in 1665 during the
3971:"Germans opt for alternative burials for individual touch | Culture | DW.COM | 31 October 2013"
1699:
is one such mass grave, and it contains the remains of 130,000 soldiers from both sides of the
845:
These containers slow the decomposition process by (partially) physically blocking decomposing
532:. Burial is sometimes believed to be a necessary step for an individual to reach the afterlife.
517:
were often seen as impure (as human remains are polluted, while the earth and fire are sacred).
328:
of a pit, laying of the body in a fetal position and intentional rapid covering of the corpse.
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1857:, which abolished the legal requirements of burying suicides and other people at crossroads.
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cave in Kenya dating to 78,000 years ago also show signs suggestive of a burial, such as the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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prescribe a particular way to live, which includes customs relating to disposal of the dead.
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274:
4567:
Holloway, Margaret; Adamson, Susan; Argyrou, Vassos; Draper, Peter; Mariau, Daniel (2013).
3071:"Conservation from the Grave: Human Burials to Fund the Conservation of Threatened Species"
2107:
Remains may be exhumed for reinterment at a more appropriate location for various reasons.
1684:
Naval ships sunk in combat are also considered mass graves by many countries. For example,
1453:
Another sort of unmarked grave is a burial site with an anonymous marker, such as a simple
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with the legs folded up to the chest. Warriors in some ancient societies were buried in an
5928:
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5843:
5798:
5773:
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Video depicting the exhumation of missing German soldiers killed in 1944 from a mass grave
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chalk drawings. After this, the eco-friendly reefs are placed into the ocean among other
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5228:
5061:
5039:
4916:
4864:
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4611:
4569:""Funerals aren't nice but it couldn't have been nicer". The makings of a good funeral"
4027:
A School Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities: Abridged from the Larger Dictionary
2762:"Reopening graves in the early Middle Ages: from local practice to European phenomenon"
2391:
2381:
2147:
2135:
2112:
2003:
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and royalty, from approximately 3500 B.C. are shown with crossed arms, such as the god
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3843:"جزئیات خوفناک دفن اعضای قطع شده بدن در بهشت زهرا | مردی برای پای قطع شدهاش قبر خرید"
2173:
agencies to clear the way for new constructions. One example of this is cemeteries in
1001:, hands along the sides and the head is turned to its right with the face towards the
6002:
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5721:
5678:
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5424:
5402:
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2513:
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2199:
2190:
2139:
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2037:
1951:
1784:
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is the practice of burying multiple bodies in one location. Civilizations attempting
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1583:
In rare cases, a known person may be buried without identification, perhaps to avoid
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890:
875:
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or some other natural process then the corpse will still not be exposed to open air.
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332:
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3543:
Simpson, Jacqueline (August 2005). "The Miller's tomb: facts, gossip, and legend ".
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2064:. Notable individuals may be exhumed to answer historical questions. Exhumation by
1915:
1867:
1780:
1362:
1045:
901:
748:
687:. Both practices provide sustainable alternatives to traditional burial practices.
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309:
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234:
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2310:
1815:: People have been buried alive because they were mistakenly pronounced dead by a
451:. Then, on the eve of burial, the corpse had to be taken to church on a torch-lit
4587:
3713:
2830:
2438:
is a method of freeze drying human remains before burial to increase the rate of
1668:
Individuals who are buried at the expense of the local authorities and buried in
1661:. This practice has become less common in the developed world with the advent of
811:
is the practice of preserving a body against decay and is used in many cultures.
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5873:
5828:
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5793:
5788:
5768:
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5537:
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4757:
4747:
4364:
3628:
Park, Chang-Won (2010). "Funerary transformations in contemporary South Korea".
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2503:
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1980:
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1747:
1638:
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1529:
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and assassins were buried upside down, as a post-mortem punishment and (as with
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831:
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402:
355:
294:
266:
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140:
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3698:"Insights on end-of-life ceremonial practices of Australian Aboriginal peoples"
3118:
2691:
760:
Another method of natural burial is being developed to plant the human body in
652:
so it is unlikely that this event alone gave rise to the "six feet" tradition.
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5848:
5813:
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2445:
2435:
2299:
2057:
1971:
1935:
In addition to burying human remains, many human cultures also regularly bury
1883:
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1775:
1758:
to climate. People may come to be buried alive in a number of different ways;
1751:
1596:
1537:
1418:
949:
in the 10th century BC, where the "X" symbolized their sky god. Later ancient
777:
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649:
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619:
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435:
of the deceased might depend on observing the proper ceremonial. For example:
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278:
203:
198:
160:
156:
50:
5636:
4432:
4195:
3721:
3104:
3007:, Institute of Cemetery & Crematorium Management, May 2004, accessed and
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2797:
2709:
2390:
is the practice of removing the flesh from the corpse without interment. The
1695:
Sites of large former battlefields may also contain one or more mass graves.
815:
is a more extensive method of embalming, further delaying the decay process.
5923:
5918:
5883:
5673:
5565:
5350:
5303:
5240:
5205:
5180:
5056:
4737:
4732:
4172:"Cadaverine and putrescine initiate the burial of dead conspecifics by rats"
4105:
2897:"Epidemics Caused by Dead Bodies: A Disaster Myth That Does Not Want to Die"
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1846:
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environment have been the backbone of the green burial movement. The use of
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113:
54:
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groups that have wanted to preserve their burial grounds from disturbance.
2020:
Exhumation of human remains occur for a number of other reasons, including
207:
2788:
2761:
2408:
was the semi-ancient practice of publicly displaying remains of criminals.
2402:
the corpse by hand to remove the flesh (also referred to as "defleshing").
2355:
have the practice of cremating the remains and then eating the ashes with
2294:
Secondary burial is a burial, cremation, or inhumation that is dug into a
1920:
17:
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5407:
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183:
97:
4548:"Turning The Dead into Diamonds: Meet The Ghoul Jewelers of Switzerland"
4170:
Pinel, John P. J.; Gorzalka, Boris B.; Ladak, Ferial (1 November 1981).
3564:
3447:"Be a Tree; the Natural Burial Guide for Turning Yourself into a Forest"
3266:
3217:
3174:
2700:
1325:'s trumpet. Gabriel's trumpet would be blown near the Eastern sunrise.
159:
special ground to bury the dead, and some families build private family
147:, all of which can slow decomposition of the body. Sometimes objects or
5935:
5575:
5542:
5387:
5335:
5096:
5034:
4847:
4727:
4074:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 510.
3207:
3190:
3165:
3095:
3070:
2958:
Death and Dying in Central Appalachia: Changing Attitudes and Practices
2641:
Uniquely Human: The Evolution of Speech, Thought, and Selfless Behavior
2425:
2399:
2256:
2182:
2174:
2154:
2033:
1959:
1898:
1887:
1863:
1850:
1816:
1798:
1592:
1322:
1280: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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materials as well as trees and other flora are being used in place of
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is the practice of depositing the body or scattering its ashes in an
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2088:
2061:
2029:
1947:
1936:
1894:
1879:
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1553:
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1505:
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935:
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878:, which range from very simple to elaborate depending on the culture.
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676:
599:
576:
444:
418:
317:
136:
132:
3147:"Sustainable deathstyles? The geography of green burials in Britain"
3042:
2414:
are coffins placed on cliffs, found in various locations, including
2365:
is the incineration of the remains. This practice is common amongst
1417:
In many cultures graves will be grouped, so the monuments make up a
100:
that accompanies the final disposition. Evidence suggests that some
3599:
5471:
5451:
5392:
5190:
4647:
4132:
3419:"Biodegradable burial pods will turn you into a tree when you die"
2415:
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2322:
2318:
2309:
2223:
2213:
and academic institutions return remains to their place of origin.
1997:
1919:
1709:
also constitute a form of mass grave. Some catacombs, for example
1493:
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1414:
may subsequently be useful to genealogists and family historians.
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inside an egg shaped pod. The pod containing the body will form a
344:
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61:
30:
This article is about human burial practices. For other uses, see
2157:
to accommodate more bodies, in accordance with burial contracts,
1610:, California. Some burial sites at Forest Lawn, such as those of
277:
suggests, it may signify a "concern for the dead that transcends
27:
The ritual act of placing a dead person or animal into the ground
3360:
Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (25 May 2020).
3191:"Connecting existing cemeteries saving good soils (for livings)"
2448:
accelerates disposal through the process of alkaline hydrolysis.
1713:, were designated as a communal burial place. Some, such as the
1501:
1421:, a "city of the dead" paralleling the community of the living.
1387:
inscriptions engraved on headstones in the Japanese Cemetery in
1239:
1231:
452:
432:
286:
4620:
4525:(2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge Press. pp. 111, 115.
2302:
phase between the time that a person dies and finally decays.
1984:
1955:
1942:
1925:
1249:
362:
are labelled and defined by their burial customs, such as the
3248:"Landscapes of the Dead: An Argument for Conservation Burial"
2075:
In most jurisdictions, a legal exhumation usually requires a
1874:. An example of a cross-road execution-ground was the famous
2329:
people once abandoned the bodies of the dead without burial.
1606:'s cremation, his ashes were buried in a secret location in
483:
After death, a body will decay. Burial is not necessarily a
163:. Most modern cultures document the location of graves with
119:
Methods of burial may be heavily ritualized and can include
4153:
López-Riquelme, Germán & Fanjul-Moles, Maria. (2013). "
2744:
To Live Forever: Egyptian Treasure from the Brooklyn Museum
2556:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 162.
1970:
Humans are not always the only species to bury their dead.
4522:
Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual
4242:. Citizens Information Ireland. Retrieved on 29 June 2014.
3446:
1890:
and beyond met the Roman road heading west out of London.
1437:, intended to help remind people of the buried person. An
1394:
Most modern cultures mark the location of the body with a
1208:
Graves are free if the owner is poor, some ancient people
343:(4400–3800 B.C.E.), continuing the tradition of Omari and
4100:
3869:"Baháʼí Reference Library – The Kitáb-i-Aqdas, pp. 101–2"
4616:
3520:
Peter Labilliere: The Man Buried Upside Down on Box Hill
3022:
The Great Plague: The Story of London's Most Deadly Year
2222:
Frequently, cultures have different sets of exhumation
1430:
1688:
policy declares such wrecks a mass grave (such as the
1410:, especially in cases of famous people's graves. Such
2028:. If an individual dies in suspicious circumstances,
1853:. In Great Britain this tradition was altered by the
1071:) with the face turned to the right along the Qibla.
3391:"This Mushroom Suit Digests Your Body After You Die"
3145:
Yarwood, Richard; Sidaway; Kelly; Stillwell (2014).
2984:
Death Embraced: New Orleans Tombs and Burial Customs
938:, with all graves placed at right angles to distant
579:, and caverns were used to store the dead bodies of
5694:
5624:
5510:
5464:
5326:
5214:
5156:
5105:
5094:
5087:
5002:
4939:
4661:
4654:
1059:, the grave should be aligned perpendicular to the
679:made from alternative materials such as wicker and
4506:"Man Andrew Jackson killed in duel to be reburied"
3926:"Stonereport News for your natural stone business"
2930:"Japan's funerals deep-rooted mix of ritual, form"
2428:were used for interring human skeletal remains by
893:) should go with them out of loyalty or ownership.
487:requirement. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the
131:; and the use of containers for the dead, such as
37:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
3069:Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2018).
2960:, University of Illinois Press, 1994, pp. 1, 62.
2091:manifestations. A historical example is the 1892
269:, may be one of the earliest detectable forms of
3467:O'Connor, Kim (October 2013). "Corpse Couture".
3024:, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006, p. 131,
2755:
2753:
2746:. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Museum. pp. 71–72.
2280:Reinterment refers to the reburial of a corpse.
834:. In the U.S., coffins are usually covered by a
447:in the expectation that it would be reborn into
4210:"36 CFR § 12.6 - Disinterments and exhumations"
3696:McGrath, Pam; Phillips, Emma (1 October 2008).
1787:who broke their vows were punished in this way.
1111:
456:grave, sprinkled with holy water and buried in
4240:Exhumation of the remains of a deceased person
1139:(d. 4 June 1800) lies thus upon the summit of
591:to indicate the burial place, is used in most
186:. Some human cultures may bury the remains of
4632:
4519:Metcalf, Peter; Huntington, Richard (1991) .
1779:when the person is entombed within walls. In
1092:) to inhibit the activities of the resulting
830:). A larger container may be used, such as a
339:. Round graves with one pot were used in the
8:
3231:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1630:Some couples or groups of people (such as a
587:of burying dead people below ground, with a
350:Archeologists refer to unmarked prehistoric
4455:"حكم دفن الموتى في المساجد واتخاذها قبورًا"
2952:
2950:
2832:Shadowlands: A Journey Through Lost Britain
2068:enables the study of remains, as with many
1187:Australian Aboriginals (Northern Territory)
171:as a way to deal with many bodies at once.
5102:
5091:
4658:
4639:
4625:
4617:
4088:. 18 June 2004 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
2978:
2976:
2974:
2207:repatriation and reburial of human remains
1089:
857:Inclusion of clothing and personal effects
520:Burial can be seen as an attempt to bring
4422:
4043:
4041:
3216:
3206:
3173:
3094:
3005:"Policy Relating to Shallow Depth Graves"
2787:
2699:
2644:. Harvard University Press. p. 163.
1296:Learn how and when to remove this message
1008:In nonstandard burial practices, such as
4312:. The Cremation Society of Great Britain
3045:. greenburialcouncil.org. 26 August 2010
2767:Antiquity: A Review of World Archaeology
2577:Wilford, John Noble (16 December 2013).
2130:soldiers are discovered, or the case of
3871:. Reference.bahai.org. 31 December 2010
3335:"Resomation: Like Cremation, but Green"
2668:"Earliest known human burial in Africa"
2539:
1954:are known to have mummified and buried
1398:. This serves two purposes. First, the
3797:
3786:
3500:
3489:
3224:
2394:have traditionally left their dead on
2230:companies have run into conflict with
2202:process, but still may be carried out.
2134:and his family, who were exhumed from
2072:that have been put on public display.
1147:Burial traditions throughout the world
1121:Gulliver's Travels, Part I, Chapter VI
747:Mushroom burial has been developed by
491:advises that only corpses carrying an
335:, burial customs developed during the
265:Intentional burial, particularly with
116:or to give back to the cycle of life.
4989:List of ways people dishonor the dead
4411:International Review of the Red Cross
4310:"Singapore Cremation Statistics 2018"
4251:National Archives, London, CAB 128/39
3691:
3689:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3441:
3439:
3413:
3411:
3384:
3382:
3329:
3327:
3300:
3298:
3189:Scalenghe, R., Pantani, O.L. (2020).
3140:
3138:
3136:
3064:
3062:
3060:
1498:within the Monumento al Milite Ignoto
818:Bodies are often buried wrapped in a
7:
2619:. Findarticles.com. 15 December 2001
2259:forbids the exhumation of a corpse.
1882:, which stood on the spot where the
1278:adding citations to reliable sources
1246:Burial among African-American slaves
4262:"Accident victim's body is exhumed"
4086:"Kenya elephant buries its victims"
219:Ancient Egyptian funerary practices
123:(sometimes called "green burial");
4994:List of ways people honor the dead
4128:"Why Dogs Dig and What You Can Do"
3484:"Concerning Indian Burial Customs"
3020:A. Lloyd Moote, Dorothy C. Moote,
2205:For ethical and cultural reasons,
2044:. In rare, historical cases (e.g.
1608:Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery
1376:Marking the location of the burial
598:Some burial practices are heavily
66:Unearthed grave from the medieval
25:
5025:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
4546:Roberts, Brian (10 August 2016).
4508:. Associated Press. 24 June 2010.
4481:"Apply for an exhumation licence"
4405:Al-Dawoody, Ahmed (August 2017).
4101:"Dog buries puppy in viral video"
4024:Smith, William (1 January 1846).
3928:. Stonereport.com. Archived from
2895:Claude de Ville de Goyte (2004).
2036:. Exhumations may also occur via
5982:
5973:
5972:
4048:
3673:Life that doesn't end with death
3588:The Journal of American Folklore
2829:Green, Matthew (15 March 2022).
1254:
969:closed. Extended burials may be
155:inhabited areas. Some religions
5983:
3815:جوادی, عباس (20 October 2017).
2928:Nakata, Hiroko (28 July 2009).
1842:was the method of disposing of
1595:attraction or a destination of
1265:needs additional citations for
1109:buried their dead upside down:
985:position with the legs bent or
602:; others are simply practical.
174:Alternatives to burial include
3969:(www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle.
3817:"پارسیان هند و زرتشتیان ایران"
3670:Swazey, Kelli (October 2013),
2218:Cultural aspects of exhumation
2002:Exhumation of those killed in
1765:: buried alive as a method of
1672:may be buried in mass graves.
1470:buried an unidentified soldier
1445:with no such memorial marker.
1175:by Kelli Swazey discusses how
981:practices place the body in a
900:may find the remains (compare
429:Medieval European Christianity
1:
5045:Maternal mortality in fiction
4099:Brown, Emily (25 June 2013).
3849:(in Persian). 11 January 2023
2052:), a body may be exhumed for
475:Health risks from dead bodies
223:Burial in Anglo-Saxon England
4959:Expressions related to death
4912:Medical declaration of death
4588:10.1080/13576275.2012.755505
4188:10.1016/0031-9384(81)90048-2
3714:10.1016/j.colegn.2008.03.002
2606:Chris Scarre, The Human Past
2179:O'Hare International Airport
2093:Mercy Brown vampire incident
2034:determine the cause of death
1429:In many cultures graves are
1036:following the coming of the
955:Osiris, the Lord of the Dead
528:Many cultures believe in an
178:(and subsequent interment),
4979:Preventable causes of death
4215:Legal Information Institute
3750:(in Persian). 3 August 2021
2580:"Neanderthals and the Dead"
2378:information-theoretic death
1562:Arlington National Cemetery
1079:For humans, maintaining an
866:, serves several purposes:
39:Entombment (disambiguation)
6035:
3482:Thornton Parker, William.
3307:"What is an Eternal Reef?"
2780:Cambridge University Press
2692:10.1038/s41586-021-03457-8
2287:
2161:and local burial laws. In
2123:in Dublin on 1 March 1965.
2032:may request exhumation to
1913:
1855:Burial of Suicide Act 1823
1735:
1329:Burial in the Baháʼí Faith
472:
439:If you were to make it to
281:". Evidence points to the
238:
216:
36:
29:
5968:
5346:Consciousness after death
5269:
4833:
4424:10.1017/S1816383118000486
4176:Physiology & Behavior
3642:10.1080/13576270903537559
3557:10.1080/00155870500140230
3255:Berkeley Planning Journal
2638:Philip Lieberman (1991).
2509:Museum of Funeral Customs
2495:– UK law about exhumation
2325:, stands on a site where
1626:Multiple bodies per grave
1433:with durable markers, or
1402:will not accidentally be
1389:Broome, Western Australia
495:strictly require burial.
489:World Health Organization
5747:Personification of death
4969:People by cause of death
3522:. Chertsey: Post Press.
3154:The Geographical Journal
3043:"greenburialcouncil.org"
2864:"04—ARTI—Morgan—307–312"
2209:may be carried out when
2142:to be reinterred in the
2103:Changing burial location
2070:ancient Egyptian mummies
1958:, which they considered
997:, the body is placed in
469:Reasons for human burial
354:using the neutral term "
6019:Archaeological features
5824:Death-positive movement
5669:Post-mortem photography
4949:Causes of death by rate
4877:Death by natural causes
4071:Encyclopædia Britannica
3913:doi:10.3390/rel11120678
3291:. Green Burial Council.
2144:Peter and Paul Fortress
1674:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1522:Australian War Memorial
1412:monumental inscriptions
1210:ancient Iranians burial
973:(lying on the back) or
583:. In modern times, the
360:archaeological cultures
206:tomb of two women from
32:Burial (disambiguation)
5859:Fascination with death
5497:Reincarnation research
5492:Out-of-body experience
4954:Notable deaths by year
4795:Immunogenic cell death
4711:Temporal lobe necrosis
4066:Cross-roads, Burial at
3847:www.hamshahrionline.ir
3499:Cite journal requires
2986:, Lulu, 2015, pp. 56,
2330:
2306:Alternatives to burial
2026:criminal investigation
2007:
1932:
1463:Harding, KwaZulu-Natal
1391:
1310:African-American slave
1242:
1193:Australian Aboriginals
1133:Major Peter Labilliere
1125:
1063:(the direction to the
942:
805:
634:Great Plague of London
466:
214:
202:Reconstruction of the
70:
5664:Post-mortem chemistry
5477:Near-death experience
5373:Desecration of graves
5309:Postmortem caloricity
5274:Beating heart cadaver
4718:Programmed cell death
4686:Liquefactive necrosis
4361:"Cemetery Relocation"
4332:"Crypt Burial System"
2835:. Faber & Faber.
2789:10.15184/aqy.2020.217
2432:and early Christians.
2313:
2185:. The remains of the
2132:Nicholas II of Russia
2079:or permission by the
2001:
1923:
1831:Burial at cross-roads
1520:'s is located at the
1514:National War Memorial
1383:
1225:
1090:burial at cross-roads
929:
826:(or in some cases, a
796:
707:conservation easement
562:Homo neanderthalensis
501:Some reasons follow:
437:
316:in the Skhul cave at
239:Further information:
201:
65:
5854:Festival of the Dead
5752:Dying-and-rising god
5707:Chinese burial money
5596:Prohibition of dying
5548:Death-qualified jury
5314:Post-mortem interval
4974:Premature obituaries
4681:Coagulative necrosis
3471:(paper). p. 50.
3366:www.healthcouncil.nl
3075:Conservation Letters
2348:Funerary cannibalism
2054:posthumous execution
1690:USS Arizona Memorial
1468:Many countries have
1274:improve this article
642:Lord Mayor of London
421:, and South-eastern
43:Exhumation (geology)
5914:Philosophy of death
5779:Death from laughter
5079:Perinatal mortality
4820:Mitotic catastrophe
4800:Ischemic cell death
4743:Intrinsic apoptosis
4691:Gangrenous necrosis
3893:. Bahai-library.com
3267:10.5070/BP325111923
3087:2018ConL...11E2421H
2956:James K. Crissman,
2684:2021Natur.593...95M
2459:Adapting traditions
2315:Adashino Nembutsuji
2249:(撿骨) in Taiwan, or
2022:body identification
1474:the Unknown Warrior
1191:Northern Territory
789:Prevention of decay
736:potassium hydroxide
732:Alkaline hydrolysis
727:Alkaline hydrolysis
700:Conservation burial
513:, where burial and
368:European Bronze Age
273:practice since, as
106:early modern humans
5960:Thanatosensitivity
5864:Hierarchy of death
5804:Death notification
5712:Coins for the dead
5644:Forensic pathology
5528:Capital punishment
5482:Near-death studies
5074:Mortality salience
4706:Fibrinoid necrosis
4676:Avascular necrosis
4227:Cornell Law School
4030:. Harper. p.
4011:2014-04-07 at the
3518:Lander, J (2000).
3389:MacDonald, Fiona.
3341:. 6 September 2011
3246:Harker, A (2012).
3208:10.3390/su12010093
3166:10.1111/geoj.12087
3096:10.1111/conl.12421
2876:on 9 February 2019
2586:The New York Times
2473:Funeral ceremonies
2430:Second Temple Jews
2331:
2117:Pentonville Prison
2008:
1933:
1819:or other official.
1715:catacombs of Paris
1392:
1363:consecrated ground
1243:
1102:Gulliver's Travels
943:
806:
493:infectious disease
458:consecrated ground
337:Predynastic period
241:Paleolithic burial
215:
71:
53:, and
5996:
5995:
5732:Death anniversary
5727:Death and culture
5571:Dying declaration
5553:Death certificate
5460:
5459:
5322:
5321:
5174:Neuropreservation
4964:Natural disasters
4935:
4934:
3796:Missing or empty
3529:978-0-9532424-1-2
3305:Frankel, George.
2651:978-0-674-92183-2
2563:978-0-674-92183-2
2548:Philip Lieberman.
2396:Towers of Silence
1952:ancient Egyptians
1905:Burial of animals
1697:Douaumont ossuary
1571:Christian Century
1556:, and the U.S.'s
1486:buried underneath
1478:Westminster Abbey
1306:
1305:
1298:
1228:Towers of Silence
375:Early Middle Ages
86:final disposition
84:, is a method of
16:(Redirected from
6026:
5986:
5985:
5976:
5975:
5956:
5941:Assisted suicide
5839:Death trajectory
5654:Mortuary science
5649:Funeral director
5640:
5606:Suspicious death
5378:Eternal oblivion
5164:Cryopreservation
5103:
5092:
5030:Infant mortality
5020:Excess mortality
4922:Terminal illness
4907:Lazarus syndrome
4892:End-of-life care
4843:Accidental death
4696:Caseous necrosis
4659:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4618:
4600:
4599:
4573:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4426:
4417:(905): 759–784.
4402:
4396:
4395:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4363:. Archived from
4357:
4351:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4167:
4161:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4021:
4015:
4007:
3999:Walther Brauneis
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3958:on 10 June 2016.
3954:. Archived from
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3922:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3653:
3625:
3612:
3611:
3594:(359): 559–567.
3583:
3577:
3576:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3302:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3252:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3222:
3220:
3210:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3151:
3142:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3039:
3033:
3018:
3012:
3001:
2995:
2980:
2969:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2902:. Archived from
2901:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2869:. Archived from
2868:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2791:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2740:Bleiberg, Edward
2736:
2730:
2729:
2703:
2678:(7857): 95–100.
2662:
2656:
2655:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2544:
2529:Tower of Silence
2297:
2290:Secondary burial
2284:Secondary burial
2239:Southern Chinese
2115:was executed at
2040:or as an act of
2024:or as part of a
1966:By other animals
1930:Edinburgh Castle
1807:natural disaster
1738:Premature burial
1701:Battle of Verdun
1647:natural disaster
1550:Alexander Garden
1449:Anonymous burial
1301:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1258:
1250:
1218:
1123:
1119:Jonathan Swift,
1022:Abrahamic faiths
922:Body positioning
756:Tree pod burials
665:city of Carlisle
364:Urnfield culture
275:Philip Lieberman
184:cryopreservation
76:, also known as
21:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6023:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5964:
5950:
5894:Museum of Death
5844:Dignified death
5799:Death messenger
5774:Death education
5690:
5634:
5620:
5558:Declared death
5506:
5456:
5413:Online mourning
5318:
5284:Cadaveric spasm
5265:
5210:
5152:
5143:Skeletonization
5083:
5015:Child mortality
5010:Birthday effect
4998:
4931:
4927:Unnatural death
4858:Brainstem death
4829:
4768:Pseudoapoptosis
4650:
4645:
4608:
4603:
4571:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4462:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4386:Lamm, Maurice.
4385:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4367:on 5 April 2007
4359:
4358:
4354:
4340:
4338:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4288:"Coffin Burial"
4286:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4234:
4220:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4064:, ed. (1911). "
4060:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4013:Wayback Machine
4001:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3932:on 16 July 2011
3924:
3923:
3919:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3891:"Baháʼí Burial"
3889:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3795:
3785:
3778:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3678:
3676:
3669:
3668:
3657:
3627:
3626:
3615:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3498:
3488:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3289:"Our Standards"
3287:
3286:
3282:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3223:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3068:
3067:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3019:
3015:
3002:
2998:
2981:
2972:
2955:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2934:The Japan Times
2927:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2909:on 2 March 2019
2906:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2493:Burial Act 1857
2484:
2475:
2466:
2461:
2412:Hanging coffins
2308:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2278:
2232:Native American
2220:
2136:unmarked graves
2105:
2050:Oliver Cromwell
1994:
1968:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1833:
1824:Edgar Allan Poe
1740:
1734:
1670:potter's fields
1663:genetic testing
1628:
1620:Michael Jackson
1612:Humphrey Bogart
1587:of the corpse,
1581:
1490:Arc de Triomphe
1459:potter's fields
1451:
1427:
1378:
1352:
1347:
1331:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1271:
1259:
1248:
1212:
1206:
1189:
1169:
1154:
1149:
1124:
1118:
1077:
1075:Inverted burial
1057:Islamic funeral
1018:
999:supine position
924:
919:
859:
822:or placed in a
791:
758:
745:
743:Mushroom burial
729:
715:
702:
697:
658:
608:
573:mounds of earth
549:
481:
471:
341:Badarian Period
263:
245:Megalithic tomb
237:
196:
188:beloved animals
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6032:
6030:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6001:
6000:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5980:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5702:Apparent death
5698:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5533:Cause of death
5530:
5525:
5523:Administration
5520:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5422:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5294:Death erection
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5229:Natural burial
5220:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5100:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5062:Mortality rate
5059:
5054:
5047:
5042:
5040:Maternal death
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4984:Unusual deaths
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:Organ donation
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4865:Clinical death
4862:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4667:
4665:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4606:External links
4604:
4602:
4601:
4559:
4538:
4531:
4511:
4497:
4472:
4446:
4397:
4378:
4352:
4336:www.nea.gov.sg
4323:
4301:
4279:
4253:
4244:
4232:
4201:
4182:(5): 819–824.
4162:
4146:
4119:
4091:
4077:
4062:Chisholm, Hugh
4037:
4016:
3987:
3961:
3943:
3917:
3904:
3882:
3860:
3834:
3807:
3761:
3735:
3708:(4): 125–133.
3685:
3655:
3613:
3600:10.2307/539574
3578:
3551:(2): 189–200.
3535:
3528:
3510:
3501:|journal=
3474:
3459:
3435:
3407:
3378:
3352:
3323:
3294:
3280:
3238:
3195:Sustainability
3181:
3160:(2): 172–184.
3132:
3110:
3056:
3034:
3030:978-0801892301
3013:
2996:
2992:978-1483432106
2982:Mary LaCoste,
2970:
2966:978-0252063558
2946:
2920:
2887:
2855:
2841:
2821:
2811:
2749:
2731:
2657:
2650:
2630:
2608:
2599:
2569:
2562:
2553:Uniquely Human
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2433:
2423:
2409:
2403:
2385:
2382:clinical death
2370:
2360:
2345:
2307:
2304:
2288:Main article:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2203:
2181:to expand the
2167:
2151:
2148:St. Petersburg
2124:
2113:Roger Casement
2104:
2101:
2066:archaeologists
2004:Bucha massacre
1993:
1990:
1967:
1964:
1914:Main article:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1835:Historically,
1832:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1788:
1785:Vestal Virgins
1736:Main article:
1733:
1730:
1632:married couple
1627:
1624:
1580:
1577:
1450:
1447:
1439:unmarked grave
1426:
1425:Unmarked grave
1423:
1377:
1374:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1330:
1327:
1304:
1303:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1205:
1204:Iranian people
1202:
1188:
1185:
1168:
1165:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1116:
1076:
1073:
1017:
1014:
993:position. In
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
913:
898:archaeologists
894:
886:
879:
876:burial shrouds
858:
855:
803:British Museum
790:
787:
762:fetal position
757:
754:
744:
741:
728:
725:
714:
711:
701:
698:
696:
693:
661:Natural burial
657:
656:Natural burial
654:
612:six feet under
607:
604:
548:
547:Burial methods
545:
544:
543:
540:
533:
526:
518:
511:Zoroastrianism
470:
467:
395:Czech Republic
383:Central Europe
322:Panga ya Saidi
297:in Israel and
257:Chariot burial
227:Chinese burial
195:
192:
121:natural burial
68:Poulton Chapel
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6031:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:Death customs
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
5989:
5981:
5979:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5737:Death anxiety
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:Darwin Awards
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5679:Biostratinomy
5677:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Necropolitics
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5425:Reincarnation
5423:
5421:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5328:Other aspects
5325:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:Body donation
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:Dismemberment
5244:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5191:Mummification
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5148:Fossilization
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:Decomposition
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5113:Pallor mortis
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4637:
4635:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4532:0-521-41312-5
4528:
4524:
4523:
4515:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4460:
4459:binbaz.org.sa
4456:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4379:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4348:requirements.
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4290:. Fehd.gov.hk
4289:
4283:
4280:
4268:. 6 July 2006
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4241:
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4233:
4228:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4197:
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4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4150:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4057:public domain
4044:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3988:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3790:
3775:
3772:(in Persian)
3771:
3765:
3762:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3692:
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3674:
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3597:
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3579:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3493:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3463:
3460:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3353:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3312:
3311:Eternal Reefs
3308:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3081:(1): e12421.
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2872:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2844:
2842:9780571338047
2838:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2782:: 1005–1026.
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:State funeral
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:decomposition
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2338:Burial at sea
2336:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2291:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2200:beatification
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:Yekaterinburg
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:state funeral
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:Pope Formosus
2043:
2039:
2038:grave robbery
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:in March 2022
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1711:those in Rome
1708:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:Mary Pickford
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:grave robbing
1586:
1579:Secret burial
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1496:'s is buried
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:Where to bury
1349:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1300:
1297:
1289:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1263:This section
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:Yazd province
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:Egyptian gods
948:
941:
937:
933:
928:
921:
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
892:
887:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
868:
867:
865:
856:
854:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
813:Mummification
810:
804:
800:
795:
788:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:biodegradable
763:
755:
753:
750:
742:
740:
737:
733:
726:
724:
721:
713:Memorial reef
712:
710:
708:
699:
694:
692:
688:
686:
682:
681:biodegradable
678:
672:
670:
666:
662:
655:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:John Lawrence
635:
630:
627:
625:
621:
615:
613:
605:
603:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
563:
558:
554:
546:
541:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
502:
499:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:public health
480:
476:
468:
465:
463:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
436:
434:
430:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:Low Countries
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:ancient Egypt
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:human species
285:as the first
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
213:
209:
205:
200:
193:
191:
189:
185:
181:
180:burial at sea
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
152:
150:
146:
145:burial vaults
142:
138:
134:
130:
129:mummification
126:
122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:Inhume (band)
44:
40:
33:
19:
5834:Death threat
5717:Dark tourism
5659:Necrobiology
5601:Right to die
5559:
5518:Abortion law
5442:Resurrection
5430:Palingenesis
5327:
5289:Coffin birth
5223:
5196:Plastination
5157:Preservation
5133:Putrefaction
5128:Rigor mortis
5123:Algor mortis
5118:Livor mortis
5095:
5051:Memento mori
5049:
4902:Lazarus sign
4882:Death rattle
4825:Suicide gene
4810:Karyorrhexis
4701:Fat necrosis
4582:(1): 30–53.
4579:
4575:
4562:
4551:
4541:
4521:
4514:
4500:
4490:27 September
4488:. Retrieved
4484:
4475:
4463:. Retrieved
4458:
4449:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4381:
4369:. Retrieved
4365:the original
4355:
4346:
4339:. Retrieved
4335:
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4304:
4292:. Retrieved
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4265:
4256:
4247:
4235:
4225:– via
4219:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4179:
4175:
4165:
4156:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4131:
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4104:
4094:
4080:
4069:
4026:
4019:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3974:
3964:
3956:the original
3946:
3934:. Retrieved
3930:the original
3920:
3907:
3895:. Retrieved
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3846:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3823:(in Persian)
3820:
3810:
3798:|title=
3777:. Retrieved
3769:
3764:
3752:. Retrieved
3747:
3738:
3705:
3701:
3677:, retrieved
3672:
3636:(1): 18–37.
3633:
3629:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3519:
3513:
3492:cite journal
3477:
3468:
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3426:. Retrieved
3422:
3398:. Retrieved
3395:ScienceAlert
3394:
3369:. Retrieved
3365:
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3338:
3314:. Retrieved
3310:
3283:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3227:cite journal
3218:10447/400581
3198:
3194:
3184:
3175:10026.1/3241
3157:
3153:
3123:. Retrieved
3113:
3078:
3074:
3047:. Retrieved
3037:
3021:
3016:
3011:6 July 2019.
2999:
2983:
2957:
2937:. Retrieved
2933:
2923:
2911:. Retrieved
2904:the original
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2871:the original
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2831:
2824:
2814:
2771:
2765:
2743:
2734:
2701:10072/413039
2675:
2671:
2660:
2640:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2611:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2584:
2572:
2552:
2542:
2499:Burial mound
2476:
2467:
2392:Zoroastrians
2332:
2296:pre-existing
2293:
2279:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2228:construction
2221:
2171:construction
2106:
2097:Rhode Island
2086:
2074:
2019:
2015:disinterment
2014:
2010:
2009:
1995:
1969:
1941:
1934:
1928:cemetery at
1916:Pet cemetery
1892:
1868:Christianity
1836:
1834:
1822:
1812:
1809:or accident.
1790:
1781:ancient Rome
1774:
1762:
1744:asphyxiation
1741:
1721:
1719:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1667:
1649:, an act of
1637:
1629:
1601:
1582:
1569:
1566:
1467:
1452:
1428:
1416:
1403:
1393:
1370:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1335:Baháʼí Faith
1332:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1292:
1283:
1272:Please help
1267:verification
1264:
1226:Zoroastrian
1207:
1190:
1170:
1155:
1129:millenarians
1126:
1112:
1107:Lilliputians
1100:
1098:
1080:
1078:
1054:
1046:Judgment day
1019:
1007:
990:
986:
982:
974:
970:
958:
944:
934:cemetery in
902:time capsule
860:
844:
840:burial vault
827:
817:
807:
801:body in the
797:A naturally
783:
759:
749:Jae Rhim Lee
746:
730:
716:
703:
689:
673:
659:
631:
628:
616:
611:
609:
606:Burial depth
597:
589:stone marker
568:Homo sapiens
566:
560:
550:
500:
497:
482:
449:eternal life
438:
427:
372:
349:
330:
307:
283:Neanderthals
264:
235:Roman burial
231:Greek burial
173:
153:
141:grave liners
118:
81:
77:
73:
72:
59:
5951: [
5909:Necrophobia
5904:Necrophilia
5874:Immortality
5829:Death squad
5809:Death panel
5794:Death march
5789:Death knell
5769:Death drive
5742:Death deity
5686:Thanatology
5635: [
5581:Legal death
5560:in absentia
5538:Civil death
5383:Examination
5368:Crematorium
5251:Excarnation
5088:After death
4887:Dysthanasia
4853:Brain death
4785:Autoschizis
4763:Phenoptosis
4758:Parthanatos
4748:Necroptosis
4655:In medicine
4461:(in Arabic)
4388:"The Grave"
4316:21 December
4002: [
3770:www.irna.ir
3748:صدای آمریکا
3423:Global News
3261:: 150–159.
3121:. Cindea.ca
2592:17 December
2524:Thanatology
2519:Superburial
2504:Corpse road
2420:Philippines
2388:Excarnation
2276:Reinterment
2269:Home Office
2081:next of kin
2077:court order
2042:desecration
1981:viral video
1972:Chimpanzees
1897:(such as a
1859:Cross-roads
1839:cross-roads
1813:Inadvertent
1763:Intentional
1748:dehydration
1732:Live burial
1722:kever achim
1639:Mass burial
1604:Walt Disney
1585:desecration
1530:New Zealand
1516:in Ottawa;
1408:immortality
1213: [
1177:Tana Toraja
1167:Tana Toraja
1157:South Korea
1152:South Korea
1081:upside-down
1034:end of time
1016:Orientation
1010:mass burial
910:immortality
864:grave goods
836:grave liner
720:coral reefs
650:plague pits
507:sky burials
403:Switzerland
373:During the
356:grave field
295:Kebara Cave
267:grave goods
261:Ship burial
249:Grave field
169:mass graves
149:grave goods
6003:Categories
5879:Last rites
5849:Extinction
5819:Death pose
5814:Death poem
5784:Death hoax
5764:Death camp
5757:Psychopomp
5632:Death tech
5487:Necromancy
5465:Paranormal
5447:Underworld
5299:Dissection
5261:Resomation
5256:Promession
5234:Sky burial
5201:Prosection
5186:Maceration
4897:Euthanasia
4815:Karyolysis
4773:Pyroptosis
4753:Paraptosis
4663:Cell death
4392:Chabad.org
4341:11 January
3821:رادیو فردا
3371:1 November
3049:14 October
2535:References
2488:Bed burial
2452:Sky burial
2446:Resomation
2436:Promession
2400:butchering
2257:Jewish law
2058:dissection
2011:Exhumation
1992:Exhumation
1924:Soldiers'
1884:Roman road
1837:burial at
1795:earthquake
1791:Accidental
1776:immurement
1752:starvation
1602:Following
1597:pilgrimage
1558:is located
1538:Wellington
1534:is located
1419:necropolis
917:Traditions
778:eucalyptus
685:headstones
624:Appalachia
620:California
600:ritualized
473:See also:
352:cemeteries
347:cultures.
279:daily life
217:See also:
204:Mesolithic
165:headstones
161:cemeteries
157:consecrate
88:whereby a
82:inhumation
51:Internment
18:Entombment
5924:Sacrifice
5919:Predation
5884:Longevity
5674:Taphonomy
5611:Trust law
5566:Death row
5351:Afterlife
5304:Gibbeting
5241:Cremation
5206:Taxidermy
5181:Embalming
5057:Micromort
5003:Mortality
4780:Autolysis
4738:Autophagy
4733:Apoptosis
4576:Mortality
4441:150135016
4433:1816-3831
4196:0031-9384
4159:. 71–129.
4106:USA Today
3722:1322-7696
3702:Collegian
3650:143440915
3630:Mortality
3573:162322450
3275:131349447
3105:1755-263X
2939:25 August
2913:31 August
2806:0003-598X
2798:1745-1744
2776:Cambridge
2726:233871256
2710:1476-4687
2426:Ossuaries
2406:Gibbeting
2363:Cremation
2196:Incorrupt
2187:Venerable
2163:Hong Kong
2159:religious
2062:gibbeting
1983:caught a
1976:elephants
1939:remains.
1910:By humans
1847:criminals
1805:or other
1803:avalanche
1773:, called
1767:execution
1707:Catacombs
1686:U.S. Navy
1679:Joseph II
1651:terrorism
1518:Australia
1510:is buried
1435:monuments
1396:headstone
1345:Locations
1181:Tongkonan
1026:Jerusalem
906:Artifacts
883:afterlife
809:Embalming
799:mummified
669:Agenda 21
581:ancestors
537:religions
530:afterlife
525:lessened.
515:cremation
462:salvation
314:red ochre
305:reasons.
293:in Iraq,
271:religious
176:cremation
125:embalming
114:afterlife
78:interment
55:Sepultura
5978:Category
5948:Thanabot
5899:Necronym
5869:Homicide
5420:Obituary
5408:Mourning
5398:Internet
5341:Cemetery
5216:Disposal
5169:Cryonics
4838:Abortion
4805:Pyknosis
4671:Necrosis
4596:55138577
4553:HuffPost
4465:31 March
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4009:Archived
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3897:25 March
3875:25 March
3789:cite web
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3679:28 April
3565:30035277
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