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Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously
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and his associates. They found that enterotypes are not dictated by age, gender, body weight, or national divisions. There are indications that long-term diet influences enterotype. Type 1 is characterized by high levels of
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Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, Keilbaugh SA, Bewtra M, Knights D, Walters WA, Knight R, Sinha R, Gilroy E, Gupta K, Baldassano R, Nessel L, Li H, Bushman FD, Lewis JD (October 7, 2011).
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have enterotypes that are compositionally analogous to those found in humans. Using longitudinal samples, researchers found that the enterotype of individual chimpanzees varied over time.
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published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific.
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De
Filippo, C.; Cavalieri, D.; Di Paola, M.; Ramazzotti, M.; Poullet, J. B.; Massart, S.; Collini, S.; Pieraccini, G.; Lionetti, P. (2010).
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Knights, Dan; Ward, Tonya; McKinlay, Christopher; Miller, Hannah; Gonzalez, Antonio; McDonald, Daniel; Knight, Rob (8 October 2014).
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Andrew H. Moeller; Patrick H. Degnan; Anne E. Pusey; Michael L. Wilson; Beatrice H. Hahn; Howard Ochman (November 13, 2012).
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415:"Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa"
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a group of scientists now report just three distinct ecosystems in the guts of people they have studied.
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composition—those who eat plenty of protein and animal fats typical of
Western diet have predominantly
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is a classification of living organisms based on the bacteriological composition of their
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made up 53% of the gut bacteria, but were absent in age-matched
European children.
27:. The discovery of three human enterotypes was announced in the April 2011 issue of
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bacteria, while for those who consume more carbohydrates, especially fibre, the
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364:"Interpreting Prevotella and Bacteroides as biomarkers of diet and lifestyle"
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Gorvitovskaia, Anastassia; Holmes, Susan P.; Huse, Susan M. (12 April 2016).
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Studies also indicate that long-term diet is strongly associated with the
532:"Chimpanzees and humans harbour compositionally similar gut enterotypes"
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Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, et al. (2011).
475:"Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes"
206:"Linking Long-Term Dietary Patterns with Gut Microbial Enterotypes"
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Classification of living organisms based on its gut microbiome
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The value of classifying by enterotype has been challenged.
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116:"Bacteria Divide People Into 3 Types, Scientists Say"
263:"Gut-Bacteria Mapping Finds Three Global Varieties"
289:"Each human has one of only three gut ecosystems"
419:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
143:Arumugam M, Raes J, et al. (April 2011).
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145:"Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome"
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606:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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261:Keim, Brandon (20 April 2011).
114:Zimmer, Carl (20 April 2011).
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331:10.1016/j.chom.2014.09.013
315:"Rethinking "Enterotypes""
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440:10.1073/pnas.1005963107
319:Cell Host & Microbe
230:10.1126/science.1208344
602:-related article is a
536:Nature Communications
548:2012NatCo...3.1179M
491:2011Sci...334..105W
431:2010PNAS..10714691D
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169:10.1038/nature09944
161:2011Natur.473..174.
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87:Prevotella
72:Prevotella
51:Prevotella
21:enterotype
658:Gut flora
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